ch 14.7-14.10 Flashcards
diencephalon function
integrates sensory info w/ motor commands at the subconscious level
epithalamus
roof of the diencephalon
What does the thalamus form
forms the lateral walls of diencephalon
anterior nuclei of thalamus
part of the limbic system which controls emotions
medial nuclei of thalamus
provide awareness of emotional states by connecting the hypothalamus to the cerebrum
the posterior portion of the epithalamus contains
the pineal gland
dorsal nuclei of thalamus
integrate sensory info for sending signals to the cerebral cortex
lateral geniculate body
projects visual info to the visual cortex
medial geniculate body
projects auditory info to the auditory cortex
hypothalamus
floor of the diencephalon; contains centers invovled w/ emotions and links the nervous + endocrine system
infundibulum
narrow stalk that connects hypothalamus to pituitary gland
mamillary bodies
control feeding reflexes
tuber cinereum
produces hormones that affect the pituitary gland
limbic system
functional group of various brain structures that create emotional states and processes memory storage and retrieval
limbic lobe contains
cingulate gyrus
dentate gyrus
parahippocampal gyrus
hippocampus
nucleus important in learning and long term memory
- concealed by limbic lobe
amygdala
interface between limbic system, cerebrum, and sensory systems
- regulates autonomic functions in response to emotions
fornix
tract of white matter that connects the hippocampus
cerebrum
largest part of brain
- controls all conscious thoughts and intellectual functions
longitudinal cerbral fissure
separates the two cerebral hemisphere
each hemisphere is divided into regions called
lobes
central sulcus
divides frontal lobe from parietal lobe
lateral sulcus
separates frontal lobe from the temporal lobe
parieto-occipital sulcus
separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe
interior of cerebrum consists mostly of
white matter
white matter in the brain is made up of
association, commissural, or projection fibers
association fibers
interconnected areas within one hemisphere
commissural fibers
interconnect and permit communication between the 2 hemispheres
projection fibers
link the cerebral cortex to the diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord
basal nuclei
masses of gray matter embedded deep in white matter of the cerebral hemispheres
basal nuclei function
function via a feedback loop to have subconscious control of skeletal muscle tone
primary motor cortex
voluntary control of skeletal muscles
- frontal lobe
pyramidal cells
neurons of primary motor cortex
primary somatosensory cortex
conscious perception of touch, pressure, pain, vibration, and temperature
- parietal lobe
visual cortex
receives visual info
- occipital lobe
auditory and olfactory cortex
perception of auditory and olfactory stimuli
- temporal lobe
association areas
regions that interpret incoming sensory data or coordinate motor responses
somatosensory association cortex
allows us to recognize whats causing the touch
-parietal lobe
premotor cortex
coordinates learned movements
prefrontal cortex
integrates info from sensory association areas and performs abstract intellectual function like predicting consequences
wernicke’s area
associated with language comprehension
broca’s area
responsible for speech production
aphasia
inability to speak or read
hemispheric laterilzation
functional differences between left and right cerebral hemispheres
alpha waves
seen in healthy adults
beta waves
seen in stressed adults
seizure
temporary cerebral disorder accompanied by uncontrollable movements, unusual sensations, inappropriate behavior
theta waves
seen in children and frustrated adults
cranial reflexes
automatic responses to stimuli that involve the sensory and motor fibers of cranial nerves
