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TOPNOTCHER > Ethics (Day 44) > Flashcards

Ethics (Day 44) Flashcards

1
Q

Comes from the Latin “MORES” referring to society’s PATTERNS, STANDARDS & RULES of doing.

A

MORAL

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2
Q

Comes from the Latin “AGERE” to do act.

A

AGENT

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3
Q

Is one who performs an act in accordance with moral standards. Is the MORAL ACTOR, one who acts morally.

A

moral agent

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4
Q

Only a _______ is capable of human acts. That’s why “morality is for persons”.

A

moral agent

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5
Q

A _____ should have the capacity to rise above their feelings and passions and act for the sake of the moral law.

A

moral agent

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6
Q

BASES OF MORAL ACCOUNTABILITY
KFV

A
  1. KNOWLEDGE (awareness)
    A human Act must be done KNOWINGLY
  2. FREEDOM
    It must be done FREELY.
  3. VOLUNTARINESS (willingness)
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7
Q

An act is voluntarily intended when it is done with the aim, purpose, or goal of attaining a result

A

Voluntary act

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8
Q

Can either be Intentional or Negligent -Negligent Act

A

Voluntary act

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9
Q

done voluntarily WITHOUT CARE or PRECAUTION in avoiding the happening of a foreseeable event

A

Negligent act

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10
Q

Your _____ of MORAL ACCOUNTABILITY depends on the DEGREE or EXTENT of ______, _____ and ________

A

DEGREE
KNOWLEDGE
FREEDOM
VOLUNTARINESS

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11
Q

affect the mental or emotional state of a person to the extent that the voluntariness involved in an act is either INCREASED or DECREASED.

A

MODIFIERS of HUMAN ACTS

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12
Q

MODIFIERS of HUMAN ACTS
IPFV

A
  1. IGNORANCE
  2. PASSION
  3. FEAR
  4. VIOLENCE
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13
Q

MODIFIERS of HUMAN ACTS
IPFV;

  • Absence of Knowledge
A

IGNORANCE

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14
Q

MODIFIERS of HUMAN ACTS
IPFV;

refers to POSITIVE EMOTIONS such as love, desire, delight, hope, and bravery Also refers to NEGATIVE EMOTIONS such as hatred, horror, sadness, despair, fear, and anger

A

PASSION

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15
Q

MODIFIERS of HUMAN ACTS
IPFV;

Disturbance of the mind of a person due to an impending danger or harm to himself or loved ones.

A

FEAR

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16
Q

Acts done with ____is voluntary but acts done with ___ or UNCONTROLLABLE FEAR or PANIC are _____

A

FEAR
INTENSE
INVOLUNTARY

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17
Q

MODIFIERS of HUMAN ACTS
IPFV;

Refers to any physical force exerted on a person by another free agent for the purpose of compelling said person to act against his WILL

A

Violence

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18
Q

Actions performed by a person subjected to violence or irresistible force are ______ and ______

A

INVOLUNTARY
NOT ACCOUNTABLE.

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19
Q

DEGREES OF IGNORANCE;
IV

A

1.Invincible
2. Vincible
-Supine/Gross/Crass
- Affected

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20
Q

DEGREES OF IGNORANCE;

Impossible

A

Invincible ignorance

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21
Q

DEGREES OF IGNORANCE;

When we DO NOT KNOW something that was IMPOSSIBLE for us to KNOW

A

Invincible ignorance

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22
Q

DEGREES OF IGNORANCE;

The person makes a decision to act out of ignorance but in good conscience- having taken every precaution to inform himself.

A

Invincible ignorance

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23
Q

DEGREES OF IGNORANCE;

If fully informed, the person would have not performed the act

A

Invincible ignorance

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24
Q

DEGREES OF IGNORANCE;

When we DO NOT KNOW something that WE OUGHT TO KNOW. The person makes a decision to act out ignorance without attempting to find out what the result might be.

A

Vincible Ignorance

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25
Q

DEGREES OF IGNORANCE;

Not in good conscience- NOT having taken every precaution to be fully informed.

A

Vincible Ignorance

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26
Q

DEGREES OF IGNORANCE;

Possible

A

Vincible Ignorance

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27
Q

The basic rule is _________, one that is beyond the ability to overcome is entirely ______, and hence removes _________”

A

invincible ignorance
INVOLUNTARY
moral responsibility

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28
Q

Vincible Ignorance can either be:
SA

A
  1. SUPINE/GROSS/CRASS
  2. AFFECTED
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29
Q

Vincible Ignorance can either be:
SA

No effort at all

A

SUPINE/GROSS/CRASS

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30
Q

Vincible Ignorance can either be:
SA

When scarcely an effort has been made to remove it.

A

SUPINE/GROSS/CRASS

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31
Q

Vincible Ignorance can either be:
SA

you avoid intentionally so that you can sin more freely

A

affected

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32
Q

TYPES OF PASSION;
AC

A
  1. ANTECEDENT PASSION
  2. CONSEQUENT PASSION
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33
Q

TYPES OF PASSION;
AC;

Precede the act due to to shock

A

ANTECEDENT PASSION

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34
Q

TYPES OF PASSION;
AC;

Those that precede the act, do not always destroy voluntariness but they DIMINISH accountability for the resultant act.

A

ANTECEDENT PASSION

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35
Q

TYPES OF PASSION;
AC;

Kinikimkim

A

CONSEQUENT PASSION

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36
Q

TYPES OF PASSION;
AC;

Those that are INTENTIONALLY AROUSED and KEPT. They DO NOT lessen voluntariness but may INCREASE ACCOUNTABILITY

A

CONSEQUENT PASSION

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37
Q

Are those of which a man is a master which he has the power of doing or not doing as he pleases, you have control

A

Human act

38
Q

Observing prescribed diet
Tutoring slow learners
Preparing for the board exam

A

Human act

39
Q

You do not have control
Actions that merely happen in the body or through the body WITHOUT the awareness of the MIND or the control of the WILL

A

ACTS OF MAN

40
Q

Breathing
Blinking
Perspiring
Dilation of the pupils of the eyes

A

ACTS OF MAN

41
Q

DETERMINANTS OF MORALITY be
OEC

A
  1. OBJECT of the ACT
  2. The END or PURPOSE
  3. Its CIRCUMSTANCES
42
Q

DETERMINANTS OF MORALITY be
OEC;

Is the ACT ITSELF

A

Object of the Act

43
Q

DETERMINANTS OF MORALITY be
OEC;

is the INTENTION of the acting subject or what inspires the acting subject

A

End or the Purpose

44
Q

DETERMINANTS OF MORALITY be
OEC;

✔Refer to the TIME PLACE, PERSON, and CONDITIONS surrounding the moral act.

A

Circumstances

45
Q

FIVE CLASSIFICATIONS OF MORAL FRAMEWORKS

A

1 ARISTOTLE’S VIRTUE ETHICS
2 ST. THOMAS’ NATURAL LAW ETHICS
3. KANT’S DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS
4. UTILITARIANISM
5.THE LOVE AND JUSTICE FRAMEWORK

46
Q

VIRTUOUS PERSON
VIRTUE THEORY
GOLDEN MEAN
MORAL EXEMPLARS
EUDAIMONIA

A

ARISTOTLE’S VIRTUE OR CHARACTER ETHICS

47
Q

Someone who mastered the art of being a person.

A

VIRTUOUS PERSON

48
Q

the ethical person is virtuous, one who has developed good character or has developed _______.

A

virtues

49
Q

Ethical Theory that emphasizes an individual’s character rather than following a set of rules If we can just focus on BEING GOOD PEOPLE the RIGHT ACTIONS will FOLLOW, effortlessly

A

VIRTUE THEORY

50
Q

midpoint between 2 extremes which Aristotle Called

A

VIRTUE

51
Q

The sweet spot between the extreme of excess and the extreme of deficiencies.

A

GOLDEN MEAN

52
Q

People who already possess virtues

A

MORAL EXEMPLARS

53
Q
  • A life well lived Always follow the virtue and Golden Mean.
A

EUDAIMONIA

54
Q

Aquinas thought that morality was important for everyone and that being a good person was a vital part of God’s plan for each of us

A

ST. THOMAS’ NATURAL LAW THEORY/ETHICS

55
Q

God made us preloaded of tools we need to know what’s good

A

ST. THOMAS’ NATURAL LAW THEORY/ETHICS

56
Q

Do good avoid evil

A

ST. THOMAS’ NATURAL LAW THEORY/ETHICS

57
Q

TYPES OF LAW

A
  1. ETERNAL LAW
  2. DIVINE LAW
  3. NATURAL LAW
  4. HUMAN LAW/POSITIVE LAW
58
Q

TYPES OF LAW;

Is the mind of God which humans cannot know. Contains laws that govern the universe

A

ETERNAL LAW

59
Q

TYPES OF LAW;

Law of God revealed to people through the bible.
decreed by God in the Ten Commandments

A

DIVINE LAW

60
Q

TYPES OF LAW;

It is what directs our conscience and if applied with reason to a situation will lead to the right outcome.

A

NATURAL LAW

61
Q

TYPES OF LAW;

Promulgated by persons
Everyday rules that govern our lives.

A

HUMAN LAW/POSITIVE LAW

62
Q

Kant argued that in order to know what is right, you have to use reason.

A

Kant’s Deontological Ethics

63
Q

“you don’t need religion to determine what that law is, because what’s RIGHT and WRONG is totally KNOWABLE just by using your INTELLECT.

A

Kant’s Deontological Ethics

64
Q

These are commands you must follow, regardless of your desires.

A

CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVES

65
Q

TWO FORMULATIONS

A
  1. The Universalizability Principle
    2.the Formula of Humanity
66
Q

TWO FORMULATIONS;

Act only according to that maxim which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law without contradiction.

A

The Universalizability Principle

67
Q

TWO FORMULATIONS;

“Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end, and never as a mere means.”

A

the Formula of Humanity

68
Q

something that must always be done in similar situations

A

Universal Law

69
Q

3 Well-known Concepts of Love (Greeks)

A
  1. Agape-
  2. Erotic
  3. Philia
70
Q

3 Well-known Concepts of Love (Greeks);

Charity

A

Agape-

71
Q

3 Well-known Concepts of Love (Greeks);

Passionate Sexual Encounter

A

Erotic

72
Q

3 Well-known Concepts of Love (Greeks);

Affection between friends.

A

Philia

73
Q

Removing Barriers to achieve common goods

A

SOCIAL JUSTICE

74
Q

is promotion of the common good.

A

SOCIAL JUSTICE

75
Q

It is giving everyone equal access to wealth, opportunities, and privileges in society.

A

SOCIAL JUSTICE

76
Q

Distributing Resources

A

DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE -

77
Q

has something to do with the distribution of allotment of goods, duties, and privileges based on the merits of individuals and the best interests of society.

A

DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE -

78
Q

moral theory that focuses on the RESULTS or CONSEQUENCES of our ACTIONS and treats INTENTIONS as IRRELEVANT.

A

Utilitarianism: The Consequentialist Ethical Framework

79
Q

has philosophical ancestors in Ancient Greek Thinkers such as Epicurus

A

Utilitarianism: The Consequentialist Ethical Framework

80
Q

For Utilitarianist:

Actions should be measured in terms of the HAPPINESS or _______ that they PRODUCE

A

PLEASURE

81
Q

2 Options of Utilitarianism;

A
  1. Act Utilitarianism
  2. RULE UTILITARIANISM
82
Q

2 Options of Utilitarianism;

willing to Sacrifice,
In any given situation, you should choose the action that produces that greatest good for the greatest number.

A

Act Utilitarianism

83
Q

2 Options of Utilitarianism;

Follow the rules
It is a version of the theory that says we ought to live by rules that, in general, are likely to lead to the greatest good for the greatest number

A

RULE UTILITARIANISM

84
Q

The state or quality of being a person.

A

PERSONHOOD

85
Q

✓Doesn’t equal human
✓ A moral term; being who is part of a moral community

A

PERSON

86
Q

✓ A biological term

A

HUMAN

87
Q

CRITERION OF PERSONHOOD

A

GENETIC
COGNITIVE
SOCIAL
SENTIENCE
GRADIENT THEORY

88
Q

CRITERION OF PERSONHOOD;

One is a person if one has human DNA; not a person without it

A

GENETIC

89
Q

CRITERION OF PERSONHOOD;

Consciousness, reasoning, self-motivated activity, capacity to communicate, and self-
awareness

A

COGNITIVE

90
Q

CRITERION OF PERSONHOOD;

Whenever society recognizes you as a person, or whenever someone cares about you

A

SOCIAL

91
Q

CRITERION OF PERSONHOOD;

The ability to feel pleasure and pain

A

SENTIENCE

92
Q

CRITERION OF PERSONHOOD;

Personhood comes in degrees, and you can have more or less of it.

A

GRADIENT THEORY

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