Directive 12.8 Vehicle / Pedestrian Investigation, Flashcards
According to Directive 12.8 Veh/ Ped investigations, ____________? is an interaction of non-consensual nature where the officer has developed reasonable suspicion that criminal activity is occurring and the subject of the detention is involved in Criminal activity
Investigatory detention
According to Directive 12.8 Veh/ Ped investigations, If Operators suspended/ Revoked status cannot be confirmed then the vehicle will _________?
Not be impounded
According to Directive 12.8 Veh/ Ped investigations, Probable cause must be based on ___________?
Objective facts that could justify the issuance of warrant by a judge.
According to Directive 12.8 Veh/ Ped investigations, A police officer who has lawfully stopped a vehicle and has probable cause to believe that evidence/ contraband is concealed somewhere within the vehicle may ________?
Conduct a probing search of the vehicle without a warrant
According to Directive 12.8 Veh/ Ped investigations, According to the United States Supreme Court, the basis for the vehicle stop provides the reasonable suspicion necessary to _____________?
lawfully investigate/detain the passenger. This is true, even if the officers have no reason to suspect criminal activity by the passengers.
According to Directive 12.8 Veh/ Ped investigations, While a traffic stop allows passengers to be detained during the investigation, it does not automatically authorize an officer to frisk the driver or passengers. Officers must have additional_________?
reasonable suspicion to believe the driver or a
passenger has a weapon that could harm the officer. The additional reasonable suspicion must be articulated on the 75-48A every time a frisk is conducted
Lawful Frisk of Occupant(s):
A police officer who makes a lawful stop based upon either reasonable suspicion or
probable cause may frisk the driver and occupants and sweep the immediate area
for weapons but only if the officer has additional reason to believe the driver or the
individual occupant is armed. The basis used to stop a vehicle does not
automatically give the officer the right to frisk the driver and all the occupants.
Officers must articulate on the Vehicle or Pedestrian Investigation Report (75-48A)
reasons why the officer believed the individual was a personal threat.
Lawful Search of Occupant(s) and Vehicle:
- A police officer who has lawfully stopped a vehicle and has probable cause to
believe that evidence/contraband is concealed somewhere within the vehicle, may
conduct a probing search of the vehicle without a warrant. This exemption to the
general warrant requirement is intended to apply in those situations where an
officer suddenly and unexpectedly develops probable cause during a vehicle
investigation. This exemption does not diminish the necessity of probable cause.
Without a warrant, it is even more critical for officers to document all the facts
and circumstances that led the officer to reasonably believe the vehicle contained
contraband. Police Officers/Investigators who have developed probable cause on
a specific vehicle in advance should not rely on this ruling to avoid securing a
warrant.
a. Probable cause must be based on objective facts that could justify the issuance
of a warrant by a judge and not merely on the subjective good faith of the
police officer.
The Mere Encounter:
This is a consensual interaction where the officer may
ask the citizen questions and generally engage the citizen in conversation. In this
interaction, the police officer may ask for identification from the citizen but the
citizen is under no obligation to engage the officer or provide identification.
Refusal to comply with requests and conversations DOES NOT provide the
officer with any additional suspicion
The Investigatory Detention
This is an interaction of a non-consensual nature
where the officer has developed reasonable suspicion that criminal activity is
occurring and the subject of the detention is involved in criminal activity.
During this type of interaction, the officer must be able to point to specific
articulable facts which lead to reasonable suspicion. In this interaction, the
officer may demand identification from the citizen and the citizen must comply
with the orders of the officer.
According to the Supreme Court, anonymous reports of crimes broadcasted by
Police Radio, including illegal gun assignments DO NOT, by themselves, amount
to reasonable suspicion to detain and frisk an individual.
According to Directive 12.8 Veh/ Ped investigations, When handling an arresr along with a live stop , whoever prepares the PARS & PINN/ 75-49 report will ________?
List all MVC violations in the body of the report
According to Directive 12.8 Veh/ Ped investigations, True or false , Only police ununiform will issue TVR’s
True
According to Directive 12.8 Veh/ Ped investigations, True or False, A bicycle is considered a vehicle according to section 3501 of the Vehicle LAWs of Pennsylvania
True
According to Directive 12.8 Veh/ Ped investigations, After stopping a bicycle, but before approaching the operator, police personnel will
- Supply Police Radio with the following information:
a. Location of investigation
b. Color/description of bicycle
c. Description of operator
d. Whether or not the officer is solo - Request the operator to produce some type of identification (driver’s license, Social
Security card, library card, student identification, etc.). Officers will be guided by
Sections 6308(a) and 6311 of the Vehicle Code when there is any question as to the
validity of the information being supplied to the officer by the operator.
