Deck 9 Flashcards
instruktor/ka, nauczyciel/ka
instructor
someone who teaches a particular sport or activity
“a driving instructor “
długość
length
the measurement or distance of something from one end to the other
“The carpet is over three metres in length.”,
“The length of the bay is roughly 200 miles.”,
“The village is so small that its entire length could be walked in 15 minutes.”
długość
length
the amount of time something takes
“the length of a film/play/speech”,
“Sitting still for any length of time is quite hard for most children.”
długość
length
the amount of writing in a book or document
“He’s written books of various lengths on the subject.”,
“All of your essays will be about the same length.”
obszernie, szczegółowo
length
If you talk about something at length, you talk for a long time.
“We discussed both topics at length.”
kawałek tkaniny
length
a long piece of something
“a length of cloth/cord/rope”
ciężki
heavy
Heavy objects weigh a lot.
“heavy bags”,
“heavy machinery/equipment”
ciężki
heavy
used to say how much someone or something weighs
“How heavy are you?”,
“Oxygen is sixteen times heavier than hydrogen.”
duży
heavy
large in amount or degree
“heavy traffic “,
“heavy costs”
osoba, która dużo pije /pali , nałogow-y/a pija-k/czka/palacz/ka
heavy
someone who drinks/smokes a lot
obfity lub intensywny śnieg/deszcz
heavy
an occasion when a lot of snow/rain falls
silny, ciężki
heavy
using a lot of force
“a heavy blow”,
“heavy breathing”
trudny
heavy
serious
“The discussion got a bit too heavy.”
trudny, ciężki
heavy
too serious or difficult
“I found the book very heavy going.”
krok
step
one of the movements you make with your feet when you walk
“She took a few steps forward and then started to speak.”
krok
step
one of the things that you do to achieve something
“This meeting is the first step towards a peace agreement.”,
“The company has taken steps to improve its customer service.”
stopień , schodek
step
one of the surfaces that you walk on when you go up or down stairs
w zgodzie (z kimś/czymś )
step
having the same ideas, opinions, etc as other people
“This time, Britain is in step with the rest of Europe.”
niezgodny (z kimś/czymś )
step
having different ideas, opinions, etc from other people
“Her views are out of step with government policy.”
cofnąć się/ruszyć do przodu /przekroczyć itp.
step
to move somewhere by lifting your foot and putting it down in a different place
“She stepped carefully over the dog.”
nadepnąć na coś , wdepnąć w coś
step
to put your foot on or in something
“I accidentally stepped on her foot.”
eliminować, usuwać
eliminate
to remove something from something, or get rid of something
“The doctor advised me to eliminate salt from my diet.”
wyeliminować
eliminate
to defeat someone so that they cannot go any further in a competition
“She was eliminated after the first round of the tournament.”
tempo
pace
the speed at which someone or something moves or does something
“We started to walk at a much faster pace.”,
“the pace of life”
krok
pace
a step
“Every few paces I stopped to listen.”
nadążać za kimś/czymś , dotrzymywać komuś/czemuś kroku
pace
to move or develop at the same speed as someone or something else
“We have to keep pace with the changing times.”
chodzić tam i z powrotem
pace
to walk around because you are worried or excited about something
“He kept pacing up and down, glancing at his watch.”
rozkładać siły
pace
to be careful not to do something too quickly so that you do not get too tired to finish it
“You must learn to pace yourself if you want to win.”
pomoc
aid
money, food, or equipment that is given to help a country or group of people
“Emergency aid was sent to the flood victims.”,
“aid workers”
na rzecz kogoś/czegoś
aid
in order to collect money for a group of people who need it
“a concert in aid of famine relief”
z lub za pomocą czegoś
aid
using something to help you
“She can walk with the aid of a stick.”
przyjść komuś z pomocą
aid
to go to someone and help them
“Luckily a policeman came to my aid.”
pomoc
aid
a piece of equipment that helps you to do something
“teaching aids such as books and videos”
pomagać, wspomagać
aid
to help someone
współdziałać (z kimś )
aid
in law, to help someone do something that is illegal
poprzedni, wcześniejszy
past
having happened or existed before now
“past relationships”,
“I know this from past experience.”
ostatni
past
used to refer to a period of time before and until the present
“I’ve spent the past ten years in and out of jobs.”,
“It’s been raining for the past three days.”
należący do przeszłości
past
Something that is past has now finished.
“My student days are past.”
czas przeszły
past
the form of the verb that is used to show what happened in the past
przeszłośćczas przeszły
past
the time before the present and all the things that happened thenthe form of the verb which is used to show what happened in the past
“the distant/recent past”,
“In the past people would bathe once a month.”
czyjaś przeszłość
past
all of the things that someone has done in their life
“I knew nothing about his past.”
za
past
further than
“I live on Station Road, just past the Post Office.”
obok
past
up to and further than someone or something
“Three boys went past us on mountain bikes.”,
“I’ve just seen the bus go past.”
po
past
used to say ‘after’ the hour when you are saying what time it is
“It’s five past three.”
po
past
after a particular time or age limit
“This bacon is past its sell-by date.”
za stary na to
past
too old to do something
łączyć
connect
to join two things or places together
“A small bridge connects the two parts of the building.”,
“Ferries connect the mainland with the islands.”,
“Connect up the printer to your computer.”
łączyć
connect
to see or show that two or more people or things are involved with each other
“There is no evidence to connect him with the crime.”
być skomunikowanym
connect
If buses, trains, aircraft, etc connect, they arrive at a particular time so that passengers can get off one and onto another.
“Can you get me a connecting flight?”
łączyć
connect
to make it possible for two people to talk to each other on the telephone
“I’ll try to connect you.”
ruch
movement
a group of people with the same beliefs who work together to achieve something
“the women’s movement”,
“the labour movement”
transformacja, przemiana
movement
a change or development in the way people think or behave
“a movement towards democracy”
ruch
movement
a change of position or place
“His movements were rather clumsy.”
część
movement
a part of a piece of music
“The symphony opens with a slow movement.”
czyjeś ruchy , czyjeś zamiary
movement
what someone is doing during a particular period of time
“I don’t know his movements this week.”
wskazówka
clue
a sign or a piece of information that helps you to solve a problem or answer a question
“Police are searching the area for clues to the murder.”,
“I can’t remember who wrote it. Give me a clue.”
nie mieć pojęcia
clue
to be completely unable to guess, understand, or deal with something
“I haven’t a clue what you’re talking about.”
gruby, tłusty
fat
Someone who is fat weighs too much.
“She eats all the time but never gets fat.”
gruby
fat
thick or large
“a fat book”
tłuszcz
fat
the substance under the skin of people and animals that keeps them warm
“body fat”
tłuszcz
fat
a solid or liquid substance like oil that is taken from plants or animals and used in cooking
“animal/vegetable fat “
dorosły
adult
a person or animal that has finished growing and is not now a child
dorosły
adult
having finished growing
“an adult male rat”
dorosły
adult
for or relating to adults
“adult education “,
“adult life”
dla dorosłych
adult
Adult books, films, etc show naked people or sexual acts and are not for children.
w końcu , ostatecznie
eventually
in the end, especially after a long time
“We all hope that an agreement can be reached eventually.”
pływać, płynąć
swim
to move through water by moving your body
“I learnt to swim when I was about 5 years old.”,
“I swim thirty lengths of the pool most mornings.”
kręcić się, wirować
swim
If your head swims, you feel confused and are unable to see or think clearly.
“Just the thought of all that work makes my head swim.”
wirować
swim
to seem to move about
“I got up suddenly and the room started swimming.”
kąpiel
swim
a time when you swim
“I went for a swim before breakfast.”
z powrotem
back
where someone or something was before
“I’ll be back in Sydney on the 20th.”,
“When do you go back to college?”,
“I put it back in the cupboard.”
do tyłu
back
in a direction behind you
“Anna stepped back.”,
“Flint leaned back in his chair.”
(= często tłumaczy się czasownikami z przedrostkiem od- , np. oddzwonić , odmachać)
back
as a reply or reaction to something
“UK to ring back/ US to call back”,
“I signalled to her and she waved back.”
z powrotem
back
to the state something or someone was in before
“Hopefully things will get back to normal again now.”,
“I’m sure we can put it back together again (= repair it).”,
“Try to go back to sleep.”
wstecz
back
at or to an earlier time
“We first met back in 1973.”,
“Looking back, I think we did the right thing.”
do tyłu , z tyłu
back
in a direction away from something
“He pulled back the curtain.”,
“The house was a short distance back from the road.”
tam i z powrotem
back
in one direction, then the opposite way, then in the original direction again many times
“He has to travel back and forth between London and Paris every week.”
tył
back
the part of something that is furthest from the front or in the opposite direction to the front
“He wrote his number down on the back of an envelope.”,
“We were sitting near the back and couldn’t see much.”,
“I always keep a blanket in the back of the car.”
plecy
back
the part of your body from your shoulders to your bottom
“back injuries/pain”,
“He was lying on his back.”
oparcie
back
the part of a seat that you lean against when you are sitting
“the back of a chair”
odwrotnie, tyłem do przodu
back
with the back part of something where the front should be
“You’ve got your trousers on back to front.”
z tyłu
back
behind
“They sat in back of us on the plane.”
popierać
back
to give support or help to a person, plan, or idea
“He backed Mr Clark in the recent election.”,
“Parents backed the idea by more than two to one.”
obstawiać
back
to risk money by saying that you think a horse, team, etc will win a race, game, or competition in order to win more money if they do
“Many people are backing Holyfield to win the fight.”
wycofać się/ coś
back
to move backwards or drive backwards
“She saw he had a gun and backed away.”,
“He backed into a wall when he was trying to park.”
tylny
back
at or near the back of something
“back door/page”,
“I put it in the back pocket of my jeans.”
boczna droga/ulica
back
a very small road or street that goes behind or between buildings
rękawiczka
glove
a piece of clothing that covers your fingers and hand
“a pair of gloves”
jednostka
unit
a group of people who are responsible for a particular part of an organization
“an anti-terrorist unit”
jednostka
unit
a measure used to express an amount or quantity
“The kilogram is a unit of weight.”
rozdział, część
unit
a single, complete thing that may be part of a larger thing
“a French course book with ten units”
szafka, segment
unit
a piece of furniture that fits together with other pieces
“kitchen units “
jednostka
unit
a small machine, or part of a machine, that has a particular purpose
“a computer’s central processing unit”
lokal, pomieszczenie, mieszkanie
unit
a single apartment, office, etc in a larger building
kawałek, plasterek
slice
a flat piece of food that has been cut from a larger piece
“a slice of bread/cake/meat”
część czegoś
slice
a part of something that is being divided
“a large slice of the profits”
kroić (w plasterki )
slice
to cut food into thin, flat pieces
“Could you slice the tomatoes?”
kroić, przekroić, przeciąć
slice
to cut into or through something with a knife or something sharp
“I almost sliced my finger off.”
połączenie, kombinacja
combination
a mixture of different people or things
“Strawberries and cream - a perfect combination!”,
“We won through a combination of luck and skill.”,
“This drug can be safely used in combination with other medicines.”
szyfr
combination
a set of numbers or letters in a particular order that is needed to open some types of locks
“a combination lock”
cud
miracle
something that is very surprising or difficult to believe
“an economic miracle”,
“It’s a miracle that he’s still alive.”,
“a miracle cure “
cud
miracle
an event that should be impossible and cannot be explained by science
“One of Christ’s miracles was turning water into wine.”
poznawać, badać, zgłębiać
explore
to go around a place where you have never been in order to find out what is there
“The children love exploring.”,
“The best way to explore the countryside is on foot.”
rozważać
explore
to think about something very carefully before you make a decision about it
“We’re exploring the possibility of buying a holiday home.”
kuchnia
kitchen
a room used to prepare and cook food in
zainteresowany
interested
wanting to give your attention to something and discover more about it
“Sarah’s only interested in boys, music, and clothes.”,
“I’d be interested to find out more about the course.”
zainteresowany
interested
wanting to do, get, or achieve something
“Mark said he’s interested in buying your bike.”
zainteresowani
interested
people who will be affected by a situation
pytać, zadawać
ask
to say something to someone as a question that you want them to answer
“Can I ask you a few questions?”,
“I asked him about his hobbies.”,
“I asked why the plane was so late.”
prosić (o)
ask
to say something to someone because you want them to give you something
“He’s asked for a bike for his birthday.”
prosić (o)
ask
to say something to someone because you want them to do something
“They’ve asked me to look after their dog while they’re away.”,
“We were asked to translate a list of sentences.”
zapraszać
ask
to invite someone to do something
“She asked him out to lunch the next day.”
zapytać, prosić
ask
to say something to someone because you want to know if you can do something
“Bruce asked if he could stay with us for a few days.”,
“I asked my mum but she said no.”,
“She asked to leave early.”
chcieć
ask
to want a particular amount of money for something that you sell
“How much are you asking for it?”
zadawać sobie jakieś pytanie
ask
to think about something carefully
“You’ve got to ask yourself whether it’s what you really want.”
szukać guza
ask
to behave in a way that is likely to make something unpleasant happen to you or to cause you problems
“His wife left him, but it seems to me he was asking for it.”,
“Drinking and driving is asking for trouble.”
nie mam pojęcia
ask
used to tell someone that you do not know the answer to a question and that you are surprised they have asked you
“Don’t ask me why you left your last job!”
dobre pytanie
ask
said to someone who has asked you a question that would be difficult or interesting to answer
bomba
bombing
a weapon that explodes and causes damage
“The bomb destroyed several office buildings in the city.”
bombardować
bombing
to attack a place using bombs
“The factories were bombed during the war.”
pędzić
bombing
to move very quickly
“A car came bombing down the road.”
kształt
shape
the physical form of something made by the line around its outer edge
“a circular/rectangular shape”,
“You can recognize trees by the shape of their leaves.”,
“Very few people are really happy with their body shape.”
w dobrej /złej /świetnej itp. formie
shape
in good/bad, etc health or condition
“She runs every day so she’s in pretty good shape.”
nie w formie
shape
not healthy or physically strong
trzymać formę
shape
to stay healthy and physically strong
nabierać kształtów
shape
to start to develop and become more clear or certain
“The project is slowly beginning to take shape.”
kształtować
shape
to influence the way that something develops
“Their attitudes were shaped during the war.”
formować
shape
to make something become a particular shape
“Combine the meat and egg and shape the mixture into small balls.”
reszta
rest
the part of something that remains, or the others that remain
“I’m not sure I want to spend the rest of my life with him.”,
“She was slightly older than the rest of us.”,
“The rest were all found not guilty.”
odpoczynek
rest
a period of time when you relax or sleep
“Why don’t you have a rest?”,
“I must get some rest.”
zatrzymać się
rest
to stop moving
“The car came to rest at the edge of the road.”
odpoczywać
rest
to relax or sleep because you are tired after doing an activity or because you are sick
“Pete’s resting after his long drive.”
dać odpocząć oczom/stopom/nogom
rest
to stop using your eyes/feet, etc for a while because they are tired
opierać się/ coś o/na
rest
If something rests somewhere, or if you rest it somewhere, it is supported by something else.
“She rested her elbows on the table.”
stopień, ocena
grade
a number or letter that shows how good someone’s work or performance is
“Steve never studies, but he always gets good grades.”,
“Carla got a grade A in German.”
stopień
grade
a level of quality, size, importance, etc
“I applied for a position a grade higher than my current job.”
klasa
grade
a school class or group of classes for students of the same age or ability
“My son is in fifth grade.”
segregować
grade
to separate people or things into different levels of quality, size, importance, etc
“The fruit is washed and then graded by size.”
oceniać
grade
to give a score to a student’s piece of work
“to grade work/papers”
samolot
aircraft
a vehicle that can fly
wybierać
pick
to choose something or someone
“Do you want to help me pick some numbers for my lottery ticket?”,
“I was never picked for the school football team.”
zbierać
pick
If you pick flowers, fruit, etc, you take them off a tree or out of the ground.
“I picked some apples this morning.”
zdejmować
pick
to remove small pieces from something with your fingers
“You’ll have to let the glue dry and then you can pick it off.”
wywoływać kłótnię /sprzeczkę
pick
to start a fight or argument with someone
okradać kogoś
pick
to steal something from someone’s pocket
kilof
pick
a sharp metal stick used to break hard ground or rocks
najlepsze spośród czegoś
pick
the best of a group of things or people
wybierać
pick
to choose what you want
“We’ve got tea, coffee, or hot chocolate - take your pick.”
wiek
age
the number of years that someone has lived, or that something has existed
“The show appeals to people of all ages.”,
“She left India at the age of 12.”,
“Children under 10 years of age must be accompanied by an adult.”,
“She’s about your age (= the same age as you).”
epoka, doba
age
a period of history
“the Ice Age”,
“We’re living in the age of electronic communication.”
wiek
age
the quality of being old
“Some wines improve with age.”
nieletni, niepełnoletni
age
too young to do something legally
starzeć się, postarzać
age
to become older or to make someone seem older
“Dad has aged a lot recently.”
poziom, wymaganie, standard
standard
a level of quality, especially a level that is acceptable
“a high standard of service”,
“low safety standards “,
“His work was below standard (= not acceptable).”,
“She sets very high standards for herself.”
norma, standard
standard
a level of behaviour, especially a level that is acceptable
“high moral standards”
standardowy, rutynowy
standard
usual and not special
“standard procedure/practice “
rana
wound
an injury, especially one that is made by a knife or bullet
ranić
wound
to injure someone, especially with a knife or gun
“He was badly wounded in the attack.”,
“wounded soldiers”
urazić, zranić
wound
to upset someone
“She was deeply wounded by his rejection.”
-
wound
past of wind3
niewiarygodny, rewelacyjny
incredible
very good, exciting, or large
“We had an incredible time that summer.”,
“an incredible noise”
niewiarygodny
incredible
too strange to be believed
“an incredible story”
gruby
thick
Something that is thick is larger than usual between its opposite sides.
“a thick slice of meat”,
“a thick layer of snow”
(o) grubości 10cm/2m
thick
being 10cm/2m, etc thick
“a piece of wood 2cm thick”
gęsty
thick
growing very close together and in large amounts
“thick, dark hair”
gęsty
thick
Thick smoke, cloud, or fog is difficult to see through.
“Thick, black smoke was pouring out of the chimney.”
gęsty
thick
A thick substance or liquid has very little water in it and does not flow easily.
“Stir the sauce over a low heat until thick.”
tępy
thick
not intelligent
być gęstym od czegoś
thick
If something is thick with a particular substance, it is covered in or full of that substance.
“The air was thick with petrol fumes.”
być w centrum czegoś
thick
to be involved in a situation at the point where there is most activity
“He loves being in the thick of the action.”
różnorodny
diverse
including many different types
“a diverse collection of music”
opłata, honorarium
fee
an amount of money that you pay to do something, to use something, or to get a service
“an entrance fee”,
“university fees”,
“We couldn’t afford to pay the lawyer’s fee.”
książka
book
a set of pages fastened together in a cover for people to read
“a book about animals”,
“Please open your books.”
karnet lub bloczek znaczków /biletów itp.
book
a set of stamps, tickets, etc that are fastened together inside a cover
zeszyt, notes
book
a set of pages fastened together in a cover and used for writing on
“an address book “
zarezerwować
book
to arrange to use or do something at a particular time in the future
“to book a ticket/hotel room”,
“We’ve booked a trip to Spain for next month.”,
“Sorry, the hotel is fully booked (= has no more rooms).”
ukarać, spisać
book
to officially accuse someone of a crime
“Detectives booked him for resisting arrest.”
ukarać (żółtą kartką )
book
If a sports official books you, they write an official record of something you have done wrong.
“The referee booked two players for fighting during the game.”
ciepły
warm
having a temperature between cool and hot
“It’s nice and warm in here.”,
“Are you warm enough?”,
“Make sure you keep warm.”
ciepły
warm
Warm clothes or covers keep your body warm.
“a warm sweater”
ciepły, gorący, serdeczny
warm
friendly and showing affection
“a warm smile/welcome”
ogrzać (się), zagrzać (się)
warm
to become warm or to make something become warm
“She warmed her feet against his.”,
“I’ll warm the soup.”
zasada, zasady
principle
a rule or belief that influences your behaviour and which is based on what you think is right
“He must be punished - it’s a matter of principle.”
zasada
principle
a basic idea or rule that explains how something happens or works
“The organization works on the principle that all members have the same rights.”
w zasadzie , zasadniczo
principle
If you agree with something in principle, you agree with the idea or plan although you do not know the details or you do not know if it will be possible.
“They have approved the changes in principle.”
dla zasady
principle
If you refuse to do something on principle, you refuse to do it because you think it is morally wrong.
“She doesn’t wear fur on principle.”
mocno, dużo, bardzo
heavily
a lot or to a great degree
“She’s heavily involved in politics.”
dużo pić/palić
heavily
to drink/smoke a lot
mocno padać
heavily
to rain/snow a lot
ciężko, z trudnością
heavily
using a lot of force
“to breathe heavily”
nóż
knife
a sharp tool or weapon for cutting, usually with a metal blade and a handle
“a knife and fork “
ranić lub pchnąć nożem
knife
to attack someone using a knife
decyzja
decision
a choice that you make about something after thinking about several possibilities
“She has had to make some very difficult decisions.”,
“It was his decision to leave.”,
“The committee should come to/reach a final decision by next week.”
krótki
short
having a small distance from one end to the other
“short, brown hair”,
“short legs”,
“a short skirt”
krótki
short
continuing for a small amount of time
“a short visit”,
“There’s a short break for coffee between classes.”
krótki
short
A short book or other piece of writing has few pages or words.
“a short article/story”
niski
short
A short person is not as tall as most people.
“She’s short and slim with dark hair.”
≈ brakować
short
not having enough of something
“I’m a bit short of money at the moment.”,
“Would you like to play? We’re a couple of people short.”,
“He seemed a bit short of breath (= having difficulty breathing).”
być skrótem od czegoś
short
to be a shorter way of saying the same thing
“‘Mick’ is short for ‘Michael’.”
szorstko kogoś traktować
short
to talk to someone quickly in an angry or rude way
oprócz czegoś , z wyjątkiem czegoś
short
without doing something
“He did everything he could to get the money, short of robbing a bank.”
nie posunąć się do czegoś , powstrzymać się od czegoś
short
to almost do something but decide not to do it
“She stopped short of accusing him of lying.”
nie osiągać czegoś , być nieco mniejszym niż coś
short
to not reach a particular level, but only by a small amount
“Sales for the first half of this year fell just short of the target.”
skrócić coś
short
to have to stop doing something before it is finished
“She had to cut her speech short when the fire alarm went off.”
krótko mówiąc, jednym słowem
short
in a few words
“In short, we need more staff.”
krótkometrażówka, film krótkometrażowy
short
a short film
kieliszek
short
a small amount of a strong alcoholic drink like whisky
półka
shelf
a flat, horizontal board used to put things on, often fixed to a wall or inside a cupboard
“a bookshelf”,
“on the top/bottom shelf”
moda
fashion
the most popular style of clothes, appearance, or behaviour at a particular time
“Long hair is back in fashion for men.”,
“Fur coats have gone out of fashion.”
moda
fashion
the business of making and selling clothes
“the fashion industry “
sposób
fashion
the way in which someone does something
“He told the story in a very amusing fashion.”
wykonywać
fashion
to make something
“Their jewellery is fashioned from recycled metal.”
tryb, sposób, forma
mode
a way of doing something
“a mode of transport”
dominanta
mode
the number or value that appears most often in a particular set
chronić
protection
to keep someone or something safe from something dangerous or bad
“It’s important to protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun.”,
“Vitamin C may help protect against cancer.”
definiować, określać
define
to say exactly what something means, or what someone or something is like
“Your duties are clearly defined in the contract.”,
“Can you define what it means to be an American?”
zarysować, wyznaczać
define
to show the outer edges or shape of something
“It has sharply defined edges.”
pomagać, służyć pomocą
assist
to help
“The army arrived to assist in the search.”,
“He’s assisting the police with their investigation.”
znaczny
considerable
large or important enough to have an effect
“a considerable amount of money”,
“The damage has been considerable.”
gospodarstwo, farma
farm
an area of land with fields and buildings that is used for growing crops and keeping animals as a business
“a dairy farm”,
“farm animals/buildings”
uprawiać, mieć gospodarstwo
farm
to grow crops or keep animals as a business
“Only 2% of the country’s farmland is farmed organically.”
wyjątek
exception
someone or something that is not included in a rule, group, or list
“There are exceptions to every rule.”,
“I like all kinds of movies, with the exception of horror films.”,
“All our pupils, without exception, have access to the Internet.”,
“Her films are always popular and this one is no exception.”
robić wyjątek
exception
to not treat someone or something according to the usual rules
“They don’t usually give refunds, but they said they’d make an exception in my case.”
poczuć się czymś urażonym
exception
to be annoyed or insulted by something
ściana
wall
one of the vertical sides of a room or building
“There were several large paintings on the wall.”
mur
wall
a vertical structure made of brick or stone that divides areas that are owned by different people
“a garden wall”
mianować
appoint
to officially choose someone for a job
“He was appointed as company director last year.”
wewnętrzny
inner
on the inside, or near the middle of something
“The monastery is built around an inner courtyard.”
wewnętrzny
inner
Inner feelings, thoughts, etc are ones that you do not show or tell other people.
“a profound sense of inner peace”
proponować, sugerować
suggest
to express an idea or plan for someone to consider
“I suggest that we park the car here and walk into town.”,
“He suggested having the meeting at his house.”
polecać
suggest
to say that someone or something is suitable for something
“to suggest someone for a job”,
“Can you suggest a good hotel?”
sugerować, wskazywać
suggest
to make something seem likely to be true
“All the evidence suggests that she did it.”
rezerwacja
reservation
an arrangement that you make to have a seat on an aircraft, a room in a hotel, etc
“I’d like to make a reservation for Friday evening.”
zastrzeżenie, wątpliwość
reservation
a doubt or a feeling that you do not agree with something completely
“I still have reservations about her ability to do the job.”
pochodzenie, początek
origin
the cause of something, or where something begins or comes from
“the origin of the universe”,
“This dish is Greek in origin.”
pochodzenie
origin
the country, race, or social class of a person’s family
“ethnic origin “,
“She’s of Irish origin.”
stypendium
scholarship
an amount of money given to a person by an organization to pay for their education, usually at a college or university
nauka
scholarship
study of a subject for a long time
kula
bullet
a small, metal object that is fired from a gun
“a bullet wound “
kochan-ek/ka
lover
If two people are lovers, they have a sexual relationship but they are not married.
“She had a string of lovers before her marriage finally broke up.”
miłośni-k/czka książek/kotów/psów itp.
lover
someone who is very interested in books/cats/dogs, etc
“She’s a real cat lover.”
podkreślać
emphasize
to show that something is especially important or needs special attention
“The government is emphasizing the importance of voting in the election.”,
“He emphasized that the driver was not to blame for the accident.”
wykazywać
show
If numbers, results, facts, etc show something, they prove that it is true.
“Research shows that 40% of the programme’s viewers are aged over 55.”,
“Sales figures showed a significant increase last month.”
pokazywać
show
to let someone look at something
“Show me your photos.”,
“Show your passport to the officer.”
pokazywać komuś , co robić /jak coś robić
show
to teach someone how to do something by explaining it or by doing it yourself while they watch
“She showed me how to use the new computer system.”,
“Have you shown him what to do?”
okazywać
show
to express a feeling so that other people are able to notice it
“He hasn’t shown any interest so far.”,
“If she was upset, she certainly didn’t show it.”
odznaczać się, być widocznym , podkreślać
show
to be easy to see, or to make something easy to see
“The sadness really shows on her face.”,
“Light-coloured carpets show the dirt.”
wprowadzać/oprowadzać itp. kogoś
show
to take someone to or round a place
“He showed us into a big room full of books.”,
“She showed me round the factory.”
przedstawiać
show
If a picture, film, map, etc shows something, that thing can be seen in the picture, movie, etc.
“A diagram shows the levels of rainfall in different parts of the country.”
grać, być wyświetlanym
show
If a cinema shows a film or a film is showing somewhere, you can go and see it there.
program, przedstawienie
show
a television or radio programme or a theatre performance
“He’s got his own show on Channel 5.”
pokaz, wystawa
show
an event at which a group of similar things are brought together for the public to see
“a fashion show”,
“a flower show”
demonstracja czegoś
show
an expression of a feeling which can be clearly seen by other people
“Crowds gathered in the central square in a show of support for the government.”
na pokaz
show
for looking at only, and not for using
“The cakes are just for show - you can’t eat them.”
dostępny dla zwiedzających , wystawiany
show
being shown to the public
“Her designs are currently on show at the Museum of Modern Art.”
ona
she
used as the subject of the verb when referring to someone female who has already been talked about
"”When is Ruth coming?” “She’ll be here soon.””
istniejący
existing
which exist or are used at the present time
“Existing schools will have to be expanded to accommodate the extra students.”,
“How many existing customers have you got?”
scena, scenka
scene
a short part of a film, play, or book in which the events happen in one place
“a love scene “,
“the final scene”
scena, obraz
scene
a view or picture of a place, event, or activity
“scenes of everyday life”
miejsce
scene
a place where an unpleasant event has happened
“the scene of the crime”,
“The police soon arrived at the scene.”
życie klubowe /środowisko gejów /scena muzyczna itp.
scene
all the things connected with a particular way of life or activity
scena
scene
If someone makes a scene, they have a loud argument or show strong emotions in a public place.
“She made a scene when I told her she couldn’t come with us.”
prowadzić dochodzenie lub śledztwo (w sprawie ), badać
investigate
to try to discover all the facts about something, especially a crime or accident
“He has been questioned by detectives investigating Jenkins’ murder.”
kolejność
order
the arrangement of a group of people or things in a list from first to last
“in alphabetical order”,
“in the right/wrong order “,
“We ranked the tasks in order of importance.”
rozkaz, polecenie
order
an instruction that someone must obey
“to obey orders “,
“to give orders “
zobowiązany, wykonujący rozkazy
order
If you are under orders, someone has told you to do something.
“Team members are under orders to behave well.”,
“They claimed they were under orders from the president.”
zamówienie
order
a request for food or goods in return for payment
“Can I take your order now?”
porządek
order
a situation in which everything is in its correct place
“It’s nice to see some order around here for a change.”,
“I want to put all my things in order before I go away.”
niesprawnyniedopuszczalny
order
If a machine or system is out of order, it is not working as it should.If someone’s behaviour is out of order, it is not acceptable.
“The coffee machine’s out of order.”,
“What he did was completely out of order.”
aby lub by coś zrobić , w celu zrobienia czegoś
order
with the purpose of achieving something
“She worked all summer in order to save enough money for a holiday.”,
“In order for our relationship to continue, we need to talk about our problems.”
porządek, ład
order
a situation in which people obey laws and there is no trouble
“The army was brought in to restore order to the troubled province.”,
“How long can the police maintain (= keep) order?”
ład gospodarczy/polityczny/społeczny
order
the way that the economy, politics, or society is organized
“a threat to the established social order”
zakon
order
a religious group who live together and have the same rules
“an order of nuns”,
“a monastic order “
rozkazać, polecić, kazać
order
to give someone an instruction that they must obey
“He ordered them to leave.”
zamawiać
order
to ask for food, goods, etc
"to order a drink/pizza", "to order tickets", "Shall we order? I'm starving.", "We've ordered new lights for the kitchen.", "Can I order you a drink?"
porządkować, układać (w kolejności )
order
to arrange a group of people or things in a list from first to last
“Have you ordered the pages correctly?”
ciekawy, interesujący
interesting
Someone or something that is interesting keeps your attention because they are unusual, exciting, or have lots of ideas.
“an interesting person”,
“The museum was really interesting.”,
“It’ll be interesting to see what John’s sister thinks of his new girlfriend.”
wkład
contribution
something that you do to help produce or develop something, or to help make something successful
“She has made a major contribution to our work.”
datek
contribution
an amount of money that is given to help pay for something
“a generous contribution to charity”
jednomyślność, zgoda
consensus
a situation in which all the people in a group agree about something
“to reach a consensus “,
“The general consensus is that we should wait and see what happens.”
dyskusja, debata
debate
discussion or argument about a subject
“a political debate”,
“There has been a lot of public debate on the safety of food.”
dyskutować, debatować
debate
to discuss a subject in a formal way
“These issues need to be debated openly.”
zastanawiać się
debate
to try to make a decision about something
“I’m still debating whether to go out tonight or not.”
Irlandia
Irish
a country in Europe
styl
style
a way of doing something that is typical of a particular person, group, place, or period
“a style of painting/writing”
styl
style
a way of designing hair, clothes, furniture, etc
“She’s had her hair cut in a really nice style.”
styl
style
the quality of being attractive and fashionable or behaving in a way which makes people admire you
“She’s got style.”
szyjka słupka
style
the middle section of the female part of a flower
zrobić coś z fasonem
style
to do something in a way that people admire, usually because it involves spending a lot of money
“If we ever get married, we’ll do it in style.”
układać, projektować
style
to shape or design hair, clothes, furniture, etc in a particular way
“He spends hours in the bathroom styling his hair.”
w stylu
style
used at the end of words to mean ‘looking or behaving like something or someone’
“antique-style furniture”,
“Japanese-style management”
znacznik bezokolicznika
to
used with a verb to make the infinitive
“I want to learn Spanish.”,
“He forgot to feed the cat.”,
“Do you know how to make a cake?”
żeby, aby
to
used to give the reason for doing something
“I’m just going out to get some milk.”,
“We have introduced new security measures to deter shoplifters.”
do
to
in the direction of somewhere
“Dimitri is going to Germany next week.”,
“I ran to the door.”
do, w połączeniu z rzeczownikiem często tłumaczy się celownikiem
to
used to show who receives something or experiences an action
“Could you give these keys to Pete?”,
“Anna was speaking to her mother on the phone.”,
“I lent my bike to Tom.”
do
to
almost touching or facing something
“She stood with her back to the window.”
od … do …, z … do …od … po …, począwszy od … skończywszy na …
to
used to give information about periods of time and distancesincluding
“The museum is open from Monday to Saturday.”,
“The bus goes from London to Cambridge.”,
“The book deals with everything from childhood to old age.”
za, to stawiamy przed godziną, za przed minutami, np. za pięć trzecia
to
used to say ‘before’ the hour when you are saying what time it is
“It’s five to three.”
od
to
used to compare two things
“I prefer football to rugby.”
do
to
until a particular time or state
“It’s only two weeks to my birthday.”,
“She nursed him back to health.”
dla
to
used to say what someone’s opinion is
“Fifty euros is nothing to Paul (= he would not think it was a lot of money).”
ku rozczarowaniu /uldze /zaskoczeniu itp. kogoś
to
used to say that someone feels disappointed/relieved/surprised, etc by something
“To Pierre’s disappointment, Monique wasn’t at the party.”
w, na
to
used to say how many parts make up a whole unit of measurement or money
“There are 100 pence to the British pound.”
do, od
to
belonging to or connected with
“Can you give me the keys to the car?”
do końca
to
If you push or pull a door to, you close it.
wracać
return
to go or come back to a place where you were before
“She returned to America in 1954.”,
“I won’t return from my holiday till May.”
zwracać, oddawać
return
to give, send, or put something back where it came from
“I have to return the book by Friday.”,
“He immediately returned the records to the files.”
powracać lub wracać do czegoś powracać lub wracać do czegoś
return
to start doing an activity again or talking about something againto go back to a previous condition
“I returned to work three months after Susie was born.”,
“We keep returning to the same subject.”,
“Life has begun to return to normal now that the war is over.”
powracać
return
If something returns, it happens again.
“If the pains return phone the doctor.”
odwzajemniać, odpowiadać na
return
to react to something that someone does or says by doing or saying the same
“I returned his smile.”,
“I must return Michael’s call (= telephone him because he telephoned me earlier).”
ogłaszać werdykt/wyrok
return
to announce if someone is guilty or not guilty or what punishment the person will be given in a law court
“The jury returned a verdict of guilty.”
odbijać
return
to hit or throw a ball back to someone when playing a sport
powrót
return
an occasion when someone goes or comes back to a place where they were before
“On his return to Sydney, he started up a business.”
zwrot
return
the act of giving, putting, or sending something back
“the return of the stolen goods”
powrót
return
a time when someone starts an activity again
“This film marks his return to acting.”
powrót
return
a time when something starts to happen or be present again
“the return of the platform shoe”,
“What we are seeing here is a return to traditional values.”
bilet tam i z powrotem , bilet w obie strony
return
a ticket that lets you travel to a place and back again, for example on a train
“Could I have two returns to Birmingham?”
zwrot, zysk
return
the profit that you get from an investment
“This fund has shown high returns for the last five years.”
w zamian
return
in exchange for something or as a reaction to something
“I’d like to give them something in return for everything they’ve done for us.”
odbiór, return
return
an occasion when a ball is thrown or hit back to another player in a sports game
“She hit an excellent return.”
(klawisz) Enter
return
a key on a computer keyboard that is used to make the computer accept information or to start a new line in a document
“Type in the password and press return.”
rozsądny, sensowny
reasonable
fair and showing good judgment
“It’s not reasonable to expect people to work those hours.”
umiarkowany
reasonable
big enough or large enough in number, although not big or not many
“There were a reasonable number of people there.”,
“It’s a reasonable amount of cash.”
niezły
reasonable
good enough but not the best
“I’d say her work is of a reasonable standard.”
umiarkowany, rozsądny
reasonable
not expensive
“reasonable prices”
znaczenie
meaning
The meaning of words, signs, or actions is what they express or represent.
“The word ‘squash’ has several meanings.”,
“The meaning of her gesture was clear.”
sens, znaczenie
meaning
purpose or emotional importance
“She felt that her life had no meaning.”
mieszać
stir
to mix food or liquid by moving a spoon, or similar object, round and round in it
“Stir the mixture until it is smooth.”
poruszyć (się)
stir
to move slightly or make someone move slightly
“The baby stirred in its sleep.”
wywoływać, poruszać
stir
to make someone feel a strong emotion
“The case has stirred great anger among the public.”
wywoływać poruszenie
stir
to make people excited or surprised
“Her new book has caused quite a stir.”
mieszanie, ≈ zamieszać
stir
the action of mixing food or liquid with a spoon
“Could you give the soup a stir?”
opisywać
describe
to say what someone or something is like
“She was able to describe her attacker to the police.”,
“Neighbours described her as a shy, quiet girl.”,
“I tried to describe what I had seen.”
wiejski
rural
relating to the countryside and not to towns
“a rural area”
podejście
approach
a way of doing something
“Liam has a different approach to the problem.”,
“We’ve decided to adopt/take a new approach.”
oferta, propozycja
approach
an occasion when you speak or write to someone, often asking to buy something or offering them work
zbliżanie się, nadejście
approach
a movement towards something, in distance or time
“the approach of winter”
droga, dojście, dojazd
approach
a path or route that leads to a place
zbliżać się (do)
approach
to come close in distance or time
“The train now approaching platform 2 is the 5.35 to London, Kings Cross.”,
“Christmas is fast approaching.”
podchodzić do
approach
to deal with something
“I’m not sure how to approach the problem.”
zwracać się do
approach
to speak or write to someone, often asking to buy something or offering them work
“She’s been approached by a modelling agency.”
rodzaj, gatunek
sort
a type of something
“We both like the same sort of music.”,
“What sort of shoes does she wear?”,
“I’m going to have a salad of some sort.”
rożne coś , coś wszelkiego rodzaju
sort
many different types of something
coś jak, coś jakby, coś w rodzaju
sort
used to describe a situation approximately
“It’s a sort of pale orange colour.”
i tak dalej, i tym podobne
sort
used to show that what you have just said is only an example from a larger group of things
“They sell souvenirs, postcards, that sort of thing.”
coś w rodzaju , swego rodzaju
sort
used to describe something that is not a typical example
“He managed to make a curtain of sorts out of an old sheet.”
segregować, sortować
sort
to arrange things into different groups or types or into an order
“They sort the paper into white and coloured for recycling.”,
“The names are sorted alphabetically.”
być załatwionym /załatwić coś
sort
If something is sorted or you get something sorted, you successfully deal with it and find a solution or agreement.
“I think that’s more or less sorted now.”,
“Did you manage to get everything sorted?”
oprócz, z wyjątkiem
except
not including a particular fact, thing, or person
“The boat sails from Oban every day except Sunday.”,
“Everyone passed the exam except for Rory.”,
“So nothing changed, except that Anna saw her son less and less.”
rodzaj
type
a person or thing that is part of a group of people or things that have similar qualities, or a group of people or things that have similar qualities
“They sell over 20 different types of cheese.”,
“Illnesses of this type are very common in children.”
typ, osobowość
type
someone who has particular qualities or interests
“He’s the outdoor type (= enjoys being outside).”
nie być w czyimś typie
type
to not be the type of person that someone thinks is attractive
“I like Bertrand but he’s not really my type.”
pisać na komputerze lub maszynie
type
to write something using a keyboard
oprócz, poza
besides
in addition to something or someone
“Do you play any other sports besides football?”
poza tym
besides
used to give another reason for something
“She won’t mind if you’re late - besides, it’s not your fault.”
oprócz, poza
besides
in addition to
“Besides looking after the children, she also runs a successful business.”
rocznica
anniversary
a date on which you remember or celebrate something that happened on that date one or more years ago
“a wedding anniversary “,
“the 50th anniversary of Kennedy’s death”
radzić, doradzać
advise
to make a suggestion about what you think someone should do or how they should do something
“His doctor advised him to take time off work.”,
“They advise the government on environmental matters.”,
“The government is advising against travelling in the area.”,
“They’re advising that children be kept out of the sun altogether.”
powiadamiać
advise
to give someone official information about something
“They were advised of their rights.”
mistrzostwa
championship
a competition to find the best team or player in a particular game or sport
“The world championship will be held in this country next year.”
mistrzostwo
championship
the position of being a champion
“She is current holder of our tennis championship.”
marketing
marketing
the work of encouraging people to buy a product or service
“a career in marketing/sales and marketing “
podróżować, jeździć
travel
to make a journey
“I spent a year travelling around Asia.”,
“He travelled over 100 miles to be at the wedding.”,
“He has to travel abroad a lot on business.”
rozchodzić się
travel
If light, sound, or news travels, it moves from one place to another.
“News of the accident travelled fast.”
podróżowanie, podróż
travel
the activity of travelling
“air rail travel “,
“travel expenses/insurance “
czyjeś podróże lub wędrówki
travel
someone’s journey
“I meet all kinds of interesting people on my travels.”
kierunek
direction
the way that someone or something is going or facing
“The car sped away in the direction of the airport.”,
“I think we’re going in the wrong direction.”
w czyimś kierunku
direction
towards someone
“She keeps looking in my direction.”
kierunek, strona
direction
the way that someone or something changes or develops
“Our careers have gone in very different directions.”
kierownictwo
direction
control or instructions
“Under his direction the company has doubled its profits.”
cel, motywacja, ukierunkowanie
direction
the ability to know what you want to do
“According to his teachers, he lacks direction.”
on
he
used as the subject of the verb when referring to someone male who has already been talked about
"”When is Paul coming?” “He’ll be here in a minute.””
dobro
welfare
Someone’s welfare is their health and happiness.
“He is concerned about the welfare of young men in prison.”
zasiłek
welfare
money paid by a government to people who are poor, sick, or who do not have jobs
“to be on welfare (= getting welfare) “
sportowiec, sportsmenka
athlete
someone who is very good at a sport and who competes with others in organized events
Łacina
Latin
the language used by ancient Romans
klimat
climate
the weather conditions that an area usually has
“a hot, dry climate”
klimat
climate
the situation, feelings, and opinions that exist at a particular time
“the political/social climate “,
“Terrorism creates a climate of fear.”
właściciel/ka
owner
someone who legally owns something
“a property owner”
