Deck 19 Flashcards
karmić
feed
to give food to a person, group, or animal
“I fed Simone’s cat while she was away.”,
“Let’s feed the children first, and then have our dinner.”
żywić się, jeść
feed
If an animal or a baby feeds, it eats.
“The caterpillars feed on cabbage leaves.”
wprowadzać, podawać
feed
to supply something such as information to a person or a machine, especially in a regular or continuous way
“We fed them false information about our plans.”,
“Nicola fed the pages into the photocopier.”
pasza
feed
food for animals that are not kept as pets
“cattle/chicken feed”
karmienie
feed
a meal for a baby or an animal
“He has three feeds during the night.”
tak zwany
so-called
used to show that you think a word that is used to describe someone or something is wrong
“My so-called friend has stolen my girlfriend.”
stanowić niebezpieczeństwo/problem/zagrożenie itp.
pose
to cause a problem
“A lot of these chemicals pose very real threats to our health.”
pozować
pose
to stay in a particular position so that someone can paint or photograph you
“The two leaders posed for photographs outside the White House.”
prezentować się
pose
to try to make people notice and admire you, especially by looking fashionable
“Pascal was posing in his new sunglasses.”
zadawać pytanie
pose
to ask a question
poza
pose
the position that you stay in while someone photographs or paints you
“an elegant pose”
poza
pose
a way of pretending to be more clever or interesting than you really are
“She’s not really interested in art, it’s just a pose.”
dochodzenie, śledztwo
investigation
a process in which officials try to discover all the facts about something, especially a crime or an accident
“Police have begun an investigation into his death.”,
“The cause of the fire is still under investigation (= being investigated).”
ostrzeżenie
warning
something that tells or shows you that something bad may happen
“All cigarette packets carry a warning.”,
“The bombs fell completely without warning.”
romantyczny
romantic
relating to exciting feelings of love
“a romantic dinner for two”
romantyczny
romantic
relating to a story about love
“romantic fiction “,
“a romantic comedy “
romantyczny
romantic
thinking that things are better than they really are, and that things are possible which are not
“a romantic view of the world”
romanty-k/czka
romantic
someone who thinks that things are better than they really are, and that things are possible which are not
przydzielać, wyznaczać
assign
to give someone a particular job or responsibility
“UN troops were assigned the task of rebuilding the hospital.”,
“The case has been assigned to our most senior officer.”
wynajmować
hire
to pay money in order to use something for a short time
“They hired a car for a few weeks.”
zatrudniać, najmować
hire
to begin to employ someone
“We hired a new secretary last week.”
wynajem, wypożyczenie
hire
an arrangement to pay to use something for a short time
“The price includes flights and car hire.”,
“Do you have bikes for hire?”
dostarczać, zaopatrywać
provider
to supply something to someone
“This booklet provides useful information about local services.”,
“It’s a new scheme to provide schools with free computers.”
objaw, symptom
symptom
a physical feeling or problem that shows that you have a particular illness
“The inability to sleep is often a symptom of some other illness.”
symptom, przejaw
symptom
a problem that is caused by and shows a more serious problem
“The drinking was just a symptom of his general unhappiness.”
płaszcz
coat
a piece of clothing with sleeves that you wear over your other clothes, especially when you go outside
“a fur/winter coat”
sierść
coat
the fur that covers an animal’s body
warstwa
coat
a layer of a substance such as paint
“a coat of paint/varnish”
pokrywać
coat
to cover something with a thin layer of something
“Stir the rice until it is coated with butter.”
strzał, strzelanina
shooting
an occasion when someone is injured or killed by a bullet from a gun
“a fatal shooting”
myślistwo
shooting
the sport of firing bullets from guns, sometimes to kill animals
tożsamość
identity
who someone is
“They promised to keep her identity secret.”,
“Police are trying to establish the identity of a woman seen walking away from the accident.”
tożsamość
identity
the things that make one person or group of people different from others
“cultural/national identity “
nastrój, duch
spirit
the way people think and feel about something
“a spirit of optimism”,
“Everyone soon got into the spirit of (= started to enjoy) the carnival - singing, dancing, and having fun.”
solidarność grupowa , poczucie jedności
spirit
a feeling of enthusiasm about being part of a group
w dobrym /świetnym /złym nastroju
spirit
feeling good/excited/unhappy
dusza
spirit
the part of a person that is not their body, which some people believe continues to exist after they die
duch
spirit
something that people believe exists but does not have a physical body, such as a ghost
“evil spirits”
duch prawa /umowy
spirit
the intended meaning of the law/an agreement, etc and not just the written details
napój alkoholowy
spirit
a strong alcoholic drink, such as whisky or vodka
“I don’t often drink spirits.”
zostać wywiezionym
spirit
to be moved somewhere secretly
“He was spirited away to a secret hideout in Mexico.”
cholesterol
cholesterol
a type of fat in your body that can cause heart disease if you have too much
prowincja
province
one of the large areas that some countries are divided into because of the type of government they have
“the Canadian province of Alberta”
prowincja
province
the areas of a country that are not the capital city and so are not considered exciting or fashionable
wysoki lub wyższy rangą , wyższego szczebla
senior
having a more important job or position than someone else
“a senior executive “,
“We work in the same team but she’s senior to me.”
starszy
senior
older
“senior students”
senior
senior
used at the end of a man’s name to show that he is the older of two men in the same family who have the same name
“Hello, may I speak to Ken Griffey, Senior, please?”
być od kogoś starszym o 20/30 itp. lat
senior
to be 20, 30, etc years older than someone
“She married a man 20 years her senior.”
student/ka ostatniego roku
senior
a student in their last year of study at an American college or high school (= school for students aged 15 to 18)
szeroki
wide
measuring a long distance or longer than usual from one side to the other
“a wide river/road”,
“I have very wide feet.”
o szerokości 5 mil/3 cali/6 metrów itp.
wide
having a distance of 5 miles/3 inches/6 metres, etc from one side to the other
“The swimming pool is five metres wide.”
szeroki zakres/wybór/asortyment itp.
wide
a lot of different types of thing
“The library is a good source of a wide range of information.”
szeroko otwarty
wide
If your eyes are wide, they are completely open.
“Her eyes were wide with fear.”
niecelny, chybiony
wide
If a ball, shot, etc is wide, it does not go near enough to where it was intended to go.
szeroko otwarty
wide
as far apart/open as possible
“The window was wide open.”
rozbudzony
wide
completely awake
prawdziwy
true
based on facts and not imagined
“a true story”,
“Is it true that Martin and Sue are getting married?”
prawdziwy
true
real
“a true friend”,
“true love “
spełniać się
true
If a dream or hope comes true, it really happens.
“I always dreamt of winning money but I never thought it would come true.”
być wiernym komuś/czemuś
true
to be loyal and sincere even in a difficult situation
“It’s important to be true to your principles.”
kandydat/ka
candidate
one of the people taking part in an election or trying to get a job
“a presidential candidate”
kandydat/ka
candidate
someone who is taking an exam
dzięki, dziękuję
thanks
used to tell someone that you are grateful because they have given you something or done something for you
“Can you pass me the book? Thanks very much.”,
“Thanks for all your help.”
tak/nie, dziękuję
thanks
used to accept or refuse someone’s offer
"”Would you like a cup of coffee?” “No, thanks.””
podziękowania
thanks
words that show you are grateful for something someone has given to you or done for you
“He sent a message of thanks.”
dzięki komuś/czemuś
thanks
because of someone or something
“I passed my driving test, thanks to the extra help my Dad gave me.”,
“Thanks to John, we missed the train.”
wojsko, armia
army
a military force that fights wars on the ground
“the British Army”,
“an army officer/base”
armia
army
a group of people that is organized to do the same job
“an army of cleaners/helpers”
Żyd
Jew
someone whose religion is Judaism, or who is related to the ancient people of Israel
móc sobie pozwolić na, stać kogoś na
afford
to have enough money to buy something or enough time to do something
“I can’t afford a new computer.”,
“Can we afford to go away?”,
“I’d love to come out but I can’t afford the time.”
móc sobie pozwolić na coś
afford
If you can afford to do something, it is possible for you to do it without causing problems.
“We can’t afford to take that risk.”
respondent/ka, ankietowan-y/a
respondent
someone who has answered a request for information
“More than half the respondents were opposed to the new tax.”
w górę , do góry , na/w górze , najczęściej nie ma samodzielnego tłumaczenia; określa kierunek ku górze, np. run up to wbiec , pick up to podnieść , pozbierać itp.
up
towards or in a higher place
“He ran up the stairs.”,
“Pick up your clothes and put them away.”,
“She looked up and smiled at me.”
w górę do góry na/w górze , najczęściej nie ma samodzielnego tłumaczenia; określa kierunek ku górze, np. stand up to wstać , sit up to usiąść (z pozycji leżącej) itp.
up
vertical or as straight as possible
“He stood up.”,
“She opened her eyes and sat up.”
w górę , najczęściej nie ma samodzielnego tłumaczenia; wskazuje na wzrost stopnia, intensywności itp. czegoś, np. speak up to mówić głośniej itp.
up
to a greater degree, amount, volume, etc
“Inflation keeps pushing prices up.”,
“Can you turn up the heat? I’m freezing!”,
“Please speak up (= speak louder), I can’t hear you.”
do końca , najczęściej nie ma samodzielnego tłumaczenia i jest wyrażane za pomocą formy dokonanej czy przyrostków, np. use up to zużyć , eat up to dojeść itp.
up
used to emphasize that someone completes an action or uses all of something
“I used up all my money.”,
“Eat up the rest of your dinner.”
kawałek dalej (wzdłuż ulicy itp. )
up
along or further along the street/road, etc
“My best friend lives up the street from me.”,
“He ran up the path and hugged her.”
podchodzić itp. do kogoś/czegoś
up
to walk directly towards someone or something until you are next to them
“He walked straight up to me and introduced himself.”
na, do
up
in or towards a particular direction, usually north
“We moved from London up to Scotland.”,
“Chris lives up north.”
tam i z powrotem
up
If something or someone moves up and down, they move repeatedly in one direction and then in the opposite direction.
“The children were constantly running up and down the stairs.”
do 10/20 itp. , maksymalnie 10/20 itp. , najwyżej 10/20 itp.
up
any amount under 10/20, etc
“We can invite up to 65 people.”
(aż) do
up
until a particular time
“You can call me up to midnight.”
na poziomie czegoś
up
equal in quality or achievement
“His work wasn’t up to his usual standard.”
zdolny do czegoś , w stanie coś zrobić
up
able to do something
“It’ll be a while before I feel up to walking again.”
knuć ( coś )
up
to be doing or planning something, often something secret and bad
“Joe, what are you up to?”
zależeć od kogoś , należeć do kogoś
up
If an action or decision is up to someone, they are responsible for doing or making it.
“I can’t decide for you Jack, it’s up to you.”,
“It’s up to her to decide whether she wants to enter the competition.”
zmierzyć się z kimś/czymś
up
If you are up against a situation or a person, they make it very difficult for you to achieve what you want to achieve.
“We were up against some of the best players in the world.”
na nogach
up
not in bed
“I was up all night with the baby.”,
“Is she up yet?”
stanąć na nogi
up
to be well enough after an illness to get out of bed and move around
skończony, zakończony, ≈ minąć, ≈ upłynąć
up
If a period of time is up, it has ended.
“My health club membership is up.”
wyższy, ≈ wzrastać
up
If a level or amount is up, it has increased.
“Profits are up by 26%.”
w remoncie
up
If a road is up, it is being repaired.
działający
up
If a computer system is up, it is operating.
zagrywający
up
In baseball and similar sports, if a player is up, they are taking a turn to play.
działać, funkcjonować
up
If a system, organization, or machine is up and running, it is operating.
podwyższać, zwiększać
up
to increase something
“Dad’s upped my allowance by fifty cents a week.”
zakładać
establish
to start a company or organization that will continue for a long time
“The brewery was established in 1822.”
zapewniać komuś/czemuś pozycję jako ktoś/coś
establish
to put someone or something into a successful and lasting position
“He quickly established himself as a talented actor.”
nawiązywać kontakt/stosunki itp.
establish
to start having a relationship or communicating with another company, country, or organization
“The two countries have only recently established diplomatic relations.”
ustanawiać, ustalać
establish
to decide something
“Our first step must be to establish priorities for the weeks ahead.”
ustalać
establish
to find out information or prove something
“The police are trying to establish how he died.”
ślub
wedding
an official ceremony at which a man and woman get married
“We’re going to a wedding on Saturday.”,
“a wedding dress/ring “
tęsknić za, ≈ brakować
miss
to feel sad about someone that you do not see now or something that you do not have or do now
“I’ll miss you when you go.”,
“He misses having a room of his own.”
opuszczać, tracić
miss
to not go to something
“I missed my class this morning.”
tracić, nie dosłyszeć, przeoczyć
miss
to not see or hear something or someone
“Sorry, I missed that, could you repeat it please?”,
“We missed the first five minutes of the film.”
nie trafić (w/do)
miss
to not hit or catch something as you intended
“It should have been such an easy goal and he missed.”
spóźnić się na
miss
to arrive too late to get on a bus, train, or aircraft
“If I don’t leave now, I’ll miss my train.”
nie zauważyć, przeoczyć
miss
to not notice someone or something
“It’s the big house on the corner - you can’t miss it.”
przepuścić okazję
miss
to not use an opportunity to do something
“You can’t afford to miss a chance like this.”
nie rozumieć, o co chodzi , nie dostrzegać istoty sprawy
miss
to not understand something correctly
“He seems to be missing the point completely.”
chybienie
miss
a failure to hit or catch something as you intended
Panna
miss
a title for a girl or a woman who is not married, used before her family name or full name
“Miss Olivia Allenby”,
“Tell Miss Russell I’m here.”
pojemność
capacity
the largest amount or number that a container, building, etc can hold
“The restaurant has a capacity of about 200.”,
“The stadium was filled to capacity (= completely full).”
wydajność
capacity
the amount that a factory or machine can produce
“The factory is operating at full capacity (= producing as much as possible).”
umiejętność, zdolność
capacity
the ability to do, experience, or understand something
“She has a great capacity for love.”
funkcja, rola
capacity
a position or job
“He attended over 100 events last year in his capacity as mayor.”
obszar, teren
area
a region of a country or city
“an industrial area”,
“a mountainous area”,
“the London area”
miejsce, strefa, rejon
area
a part of a building or piece of land used for a particular purpose
“a play/picnic area “
dziedzina
area
a part of a subject or activity
“Software is not really my area of expertise.”
powierzchnia
area
the size of a flat surface calculated by multiplying its width by its length
odbicie
reflection
the image of something in a mirror, on a shiny surface, etc
“I saw my reflection in the window.”
namysł
reflection
serious and careful thought
“He paused for reflection before answering my question.”,
“On reflection (= after thinking again), I think I was wrong.”
odbicie czegoś
reflection
something that is a sign or result of a particular situation
“His poor job performance is a reflection of his lack of training.”
odzwierciedlenie czegoś , odbicie czegoś , ujma dla kogoś/czegoś , ≈ źle świadczyć o kimś/czymś
reflection
something that makes people have a particular opinion about someone or something, especially a bad opinion
“Low test scores are a sad reflection on our school system.”
znaczenie
significance
the importance or meaning of something
“I still don’t understand the significance of his remark.”,
“This is a development which has great economic significance for the region.”
gotować
cook
to prepare food and usually heat it
“Who’s cooking this evening?”,
“She cooked the meat in oil and spices.”
gotować się
cook
If food cooks, it is heated until it is ready to eat.
“The rice is cooking.”
kucha-rz/rka
cook
someone who prepares and cooks food
rzadko
rarely
not often
“I rarely see her these days.”
przerażenie
terror
a feeling of being very frightened
“There was a look of terror on his face.”
kuzyn/ka
cousin
the child of your aunt or uncle
związek
relation
a connection between two or more things
“the relation between smoking and lung cancer”
krewn-y/a
relation
someone who belongs to the same family as you
“He’s called Ken Russell, no relation to (= he is not from the same family as) the film director.”
w porównaniu z czymś lub do czegoś w związku z czymś
relation
when compared with somethingabout or relating to something
“Salaries are low in relation to the cost of living.”,
“I’d like to ask you something in relation to what you said earlier.”
duma
pride
a feeling of satisfaction at your achievements or the achievements of your family or friends
“She felt a great sense of pride as she watched him accept the award.”,
“The whole community takes pride in (= feels proud about) the school.”
duma
pride
the respect that you feel for yourself
“Defeat in the World Cup has badly damaged national pride.”
pycha, duma
pride
the belief that you are better or more important than other people
“His pride prevented him from asking for help.”
czyjaś duma, ( czyjś ) powód do dumy
pride
something or someone that is very important to you
“He spends hours cleaning that motorcycle - it’s his pride and joy.”
interakcja
interaction
the activity of talking and doing things with other people, or the way you do this
“Our work involves a lot of interaction with the customers.”
interakcja
interaction
the way that two or more things combine and have an effect on each other
wynik
score
the number of points someone gets in a game or test
“a high/low score “,
“What’s the score?”
dziesiątki czegoś/kogoś
score
a large number of people or things
“Scores of teenage girls were waiting to get his autograph.”
partytura
score
a printed piece of music
z tego powodu
score
about the thing or subject which you have just discussed
“The company will pay your travel expenses, so don’t worry on that score.”
zdobyć punkt lub bramkę
score
to get points in a game or test
“He scored just before half-time to put Liverpool 2-1 ahead.”
miasto
city
a large town
“the city of Boston”,
“the city centre “
(londyńskie ) City
city
the part of London where the large financial organizations have their offices
związek
link
a connection between two people, things, or ideas
“There’s a direct link between diet and heart disease.”,
“Their links with Britain are still strong.”
ogniwo
link
one ring of a chain
łącze, link
link
a connection between documents or areas on the Internet
“Click on this link to visit our online bookstore.”
łączyć
link
to make a connection between two or more people, things, or ideas
“Both men have been linked with the robberies.”,
“The drug has been linked to the deaths of several athletes.”,
“The two offices will be linked by computer.”
klasa
class
a group of students who have lessons together
“Katie and Sarah are in the same class at school.”
lekcja
class
a period of time in which students are taught something
"My first class starts at 8.30.", "He was punished for talking in class (= during the lesson).", "I stayed behind after class to speak to the teacher."
klasa
class
one of the groups of people in a society with the same social and economic position, or the system of dividing people into these groups
"People are still very conscious of class in British society.", "She's from a working-class background."
klasa, kategoria
class
a group into which people or things are put according to their quality
"When it comes to mathematics, he's in a different class to his peers.", "second-class mail"
klasa
class
a group of similar or related things, especially plants and animals
klasa
class
the quality of being stylish or fashionable
“a player with real class”
zaliczać kogoś/coś do czegoś
class
to put someone or something in a particular group according to their qualities
“The tower is classed as a historic monument.”
chętny, niecierpliwy
eager
wanting to do or have something very much
“Sam was eager to go home and play on his computer.”
naukowiec, badacz/ka
scientist
someone who studies science or works in science
siła
force
physical power or strength
“The force of the explosion shattered every window in the street.”,
“The army has seized power by force.”
siła
force
a group of people organized to work together for a particular purpose, for example in military service
“the Royal Air Force”,
“a skilled work force “
siła, moc
force
power and influence, or a person or thing that has it
“the forces of good/evil”
w mocy /w życie
force
If a law, rule, etc is in force, it is being used, and if it comes into force, it starts to be used.
“The new law came into force in April.”
przybywać licznie
force
to be somewhere in large numbers
“Photographers were out in force at the palace today.”
zmuszać
force
to make someone do something that they do not want to do
“The hijacker forced the pilot to fly to New York.”,
“She was forced out of the race by a knee injury.”
wyłamać, wypchnąć
force
to make an object move or open by physical strength or effort
“They had to force the lock.”,
“She forced the window open.”
pokonać
beat
to defeat someone in a competition
“Our team beat Germany 3-1.”
bić, pobić
beat
to hit a person or animal hard many times
“She beat the dog with a stick.”,
“She was beaten to death.”
uderzać, walić
beat
to hit against something hard, making a continuous or regular sound
“Rain beat against the windows.”,
“The soldiers started beating their drums”,
“the sound of birds beating their wings”
pokonać, przezwyciężyć
beat
to get rid of something bad
“measures to beat crime”,
“I’m determined to beat this illness.”
bić
beat
When your heart beats, it makes regular movements and sounds.
“By the time the doctor arrived, his heart had stopped beating.”
być lepszym niż
beat
to be better than something
“Being at the youth club beats sitting at home.”
nie ma nic lepszego niż coś
beat
used to emphasize that something is best
“You can’t beat Pedro’s for a great pizza.”
trudno by znaleźć coś lepszego
beat
to be so good or enjoyable that it is hard to find anything better
“For romantic movies, The Notebook takes some beating.”
ubijać
beat
to mix food using hard, quick movements
“Beat the egg whites until they are stiff.”
bicie, rytm, bębnienie
beat
a regular sound that is made by your heart or by something hitting a surface
“a heart beat”,
“the beat of a drum”
rytm
beat
the main rhythm of a piece of music
“loud music with a repetitive beat”
rewir, obchód
beat
the area of a town or city that a police officer walks around regularly
“Having more police officers on the beat (= walking around their beat) should help to reduce crime.”
sugerować
imply
to suggest or show something, without saying it directly
“Are you implying that I’m fat?”,
“an implied criticism “
godzina
hour
a period of time equal to 60 minutes
“half an hour”,
“The store is open 24 hours a day.”,
“It’s a six-hour flight.”,
“The job pays $5 an hour.”
godzina
hour
the period of time when a particular activity happens or when a shop or public building is open
“working hours “,
“Our opening hours are from 8 to 6.”,
“I’ve got to go to the bank UK in my lunch hour/ US on my lunch hour.”
godziny
hour
a long time
“I spent hours doing my homework.”
pełna lub równa godzina
hour
the point when a new hour begins
“The train leaves at two minutes past the hour.”,
“My watch beeps on the hour.”
do późna , bez przerwy
hour
very late at night, until early morning, or almost all the time
“Our neighbours are up till all hours every night, playing loud music.”
wczesne godziny poranne
hour
the hours between midnight and the time that the sun rises
i tak
anyway
used to give a more important reason for something that you are saying
“I don’t need a car and I can’t afford one anyway.”,
“We can drive you to the station - we go that way anyway.”
i tak
anyway
despite that
“He hates carrots but he ate them anyway.”
(no) więc, w każdym razie
anyway
used when you are returning to an earlier subject
“Anyway, as I said, I’ll be away next week.”
przynajmniej
anyway
used when you want to slightly change something that you have just said
“Boys aren’t horrible - not all of them anyway!”
uczyć się, studiować
study
to learn about a subject, usually at school or university
“I studied biology before going into medicine.”
studiować
study
to look at something very carefully
“He studied his face in the mirror.”
badanie, analiza
study
the activity of studying a subject in detail in order to discover new information
“For years, studies have shown the link between smoking and cancer.”
nauka, studia
study
the activity of learning about a subject, usually at school or university
“the study of English literature”
gabinet, pokój do pracy lub nauki
study
a room in a house where you can read, write, etc
teleskop
telescope
a piece of equipment, in the shape of a tube, that makes things that are far away look bigger or nearer
sytuacja, położenie
situation
the set of things that are happening and the conditions that exist at a particular time and place
“the economic/political situation”,
“He’s in a difficult situation.”
położenie
situation
the position of a town, building, etc
“The park’s situation was perfect.”
skała
rock
the hard, natural substance that forms part of the Earth’s surface
“a layer of volcanic rock”
głaz, kamień, skała
rock
a large piece of rock or stone
“Huge waves were crashing against the rocks.”
rock, muzyka rockowa
rock
loud, modern music with a strong beat, often played with electric guitars and drums
“hard/soft rock “,
“rock music “,
“a rock band/singer “
kołysać (się), huśtać (się)
rock
to move backwards and forwards or from side to side, or to make someone or something do this
“She rocked back and forth on her chair.”,
“He gently rocked the baby to sleep.”
wstrząsnąć
rock
to shock a large number of people
“The country has been rocked by a series of drug scandals.”
wzajemny
mutual
When two or more people have a mutual feeling, they have the same opinion about each other.
“mutual admiration/respect “,
“He doesn’t like her, and I suspect the feeling’s mutual.”
wspólny
mutual
When two or more people have a mutual friend or interest, they have the same one.
“Andrew and Jean were introduced to each other by a mutual friend.”
proponować, oferować
offer
to ask someone if they would like something
“They offered me a job.”,
“Someone should offer that old lady a seat.”
proponować, ofiarować się
offer
to say that you are willing to do something
“He offered to get me a cab.”
oferować
offer
to say that you will pay a particular amount of money
“I offered him £500 for the car.”,
“Police have offered a $1,000 reward for information.”
oferować
offer
to give or provide something
“to offer advice”,
“The hotel offers a wide range of facilities.”
oferta, propozycja
offer
a question in which you ask someone if they would like something
“an offer of help “,
“a job offer”,
“to accept/refuse an offer “
oferta
offer
an amount of money that you say you will pay for something
“The highest offer anyone has made so far is a thousand euros.”
promocja, oferta
offer
a cheap price or special arrangement for something you are buying
“This special offer ends on Friday.”
na wyprzedaży oferowany
offer
at a cheaper price than usualavailable to do or have
“Are these jeans still on offer?”,
“We were amazed at the range of products on offer.”
psycholog
counselor
someone whose job is to listen to people and give them advice about their problems
but, kozaczek
boot
a strong shoe that covers your foot and part of your leg
“a pair of boots “
bagażnik
boot
a closed space at the back of a car for storing things in
wylecieć z pracy
boot
to be told that you must leave your job
kopać
boot
to kick someone or something
mit
myth
an ancient story about gods and brave people, often one that explains an event in history or the natural world
“a Greek myth”
mit
myth
an idea that is not true but is believed by many people
“It’s a myth that men are better drivers than women.”
wiedza
knowledge
information and understanding that you have in your mind
“He will easily find a job with his knowledge and skills.”,
“He has a detailed knowledge of naval history.”,
“He took the car without my knowledge (= I did not know).”
o ile komuś wiadomo
knowledge
used to say that someone thinks that something is true, but cannot be sure
“To the best of my knowledge, she’s never worked abroad.”
następny
subsequent
happening after something else
“The mistakes were corrected in a subsequent edition of the book.”
pokój
room
a part of the inside of a building, which is separated from other parts by walls, floors, and ceilings
“a hotel room”
miejsce
room
space for things to fit into
“Is there enough room for all of us in your car?”,
“Can everyone move up a bit to make room for these people?”,
“There’s hardly enough room to move in here.”
miejsce na coś , możliwość czegoś
room
a possibility for something to happen
“His work isn’t bad but there’s still some room for improvement.”
dzielić z kimś pokój
room
to share a bedroom with someone, usually at college
w przeciwieństwie do, niepodobny do
unlike
different from someone or something
“Jackie’s really clever, unlike her sister.”,
“The furniture was unlike anything she had ever seen.”
niepodobny do
unlike
not typical of someone or something
“It’s unlike her to be quiet - was there something wrong?”
przyszłośćforma przyszła
future
the time that is to comeIn grammar, the future is the form of the verb used to talk about something that will happen.
“He likes to plan for the future.”,
“They hope to get married in the near future (= soon).”
w przyszłości
future
beginning from now
“In future, I’ll be more careful about who I lend my bike to.”
przyszłość
future
what will happen to someone or something in the time that is to come
“We need to discuss the future of the company.”
przyszłość
future
the chance of continuing to exist or succeed
“She’s got a very promising future ahead of her.”
przyszły
future
happening or existing in the time that is to come
“future plans”,
“in future years”,
“What will we leave for future generations?”
czas przyszły
future
the form of the verb that is used to talk about something that will happen
burza, nawałnica
storm
very bad weather with a lot of rain, snow, wind, etc
“a snow/thunder storm”
fala kontrowersji /protestów itp.
storm
a strong, negative reaction to something that has been said or done
szturmować
storm
to attack a building, town, etc, using violence
“Armed police stormed the embassy and arrested hundreds of protesters.”
wpadać/wypadać (jak burza)
storm
to enter or leave a place in a very noisy way because you are angry
“He stormed out of the meeting.”
zmieniać (się)
changing
to become different, or to make someone or something become different
“I hadn’t seen her for twenty years, but she hadn’t changed a bit.”,
“Meeting you has changed my life.”,
“She’s changed from being a happy, healthy child to being ill all the time.”,
“Since he met her, he’s a changed man.”,
“changing attitudes”
zmieniać
changing
to stop having or using one thing, and start having or using another
“The doctor has recommended changing my diet.”,
“I’ll have to ask them if they can change the time of my interview.”,
“You’ll have to change gear to go up the hill.”
przebierać się
changing
to take off your clothes and put on different ones
“He changed out of his school uniform into jeans and a T-shirt.”,
“Is there somewhere I can get changed?”
przesiadać się
changing
to get off a bus, plane, etc and catch another, in order to continue a journey
“I have to change trains in Paris.”,
“Is there a direct service, or do we have to change?”
wymienić
changing
to take something you have bought back to a shop and exchange it for something else
“If the dress doesn’t fit, can I change it for a smaller one?”
rozmieniać
changing
to get or give someone money in exchange for money of a different type
“Where can I change my dollars?”,
“Can you change a 20 euro note for two tens?”
wymieniać
changing
to take dirty sheets off a bed and put on clean ones
“to change the bed/sheets”
przewijać
changing
to put a clean nappy (= thick cloth worn on a baby’s bottom) on a baby
zmiana, zmiany
changing
a situation in which something becomes different, or the result of something becoming different
“We need to make a few changes to the design.”,
“There is no change in the patient’s condition (= the illness has not got better or worse).”,
“How can we bring about social change?”
zmiana
changing
a situation in which you stop having or using one thing and start having or using another
“This country needs a change of government.”,
“I’ve notified the school of our change of address.”
odmiana
changing
something that you enjoy because it is a new experience
“Going abroad for our anniversary would make a lovely change.”,
“It’s nice to eat together as a family for a change.”
reszta
changing
the money that you get back when you pay more for something than it costs
“There’s your receipt and £3 change.”
drobne
changing
coins, not paper money
“Do you have any change for the parking meter?”,
“Have you got change for £5 (= can you give me £5 in coins in return for paper money)?”
ubranie na zmianę , zmiana ubrania
changing
a set of clean clothes that you can put on if you need to take off the ones you are wearing
paczka, pakiet
package
an object that is covered in paper, inside a box, etc, especially so that it can be sent somewhere
“He was carrying a package under his arm.”
pakiet
package
a group of objects, plans, or arrangements that are sold or considered together
“a computer package”,
“This ski package includes hotel, transport, and four days of skiing.”
opakowanie
package
a box or container in which something is put to be sold
“a package of raisins/cookies”
pakować, opakować
package
to put something into a box or container so that it can be sold
“It’s neatly packaged in a blue and white box.”
zaprezentować, przedstawiać
package
to show someone or something in an attractive way so that people will like or buy them
“What’s important is the way we package the programme.”
wierzyć
believe
to think that something is true, or that what someone says is true
“They believe that their health has suffered because of the chemicals.”,
“Do you believe him?”,
“I can’t believe that she wants to go out with me.”
sądzić, przypuszczać
believe
to think something, without being completely sure
"”Is he coming home tonight?” “I believe so.””,
“The murderer is believed to be in his thirties.”
wierzyć
believe
to have religious beliefs
nie wierzyć własnym oczom /uszom
believe
to be very surprised when you see someone or something, or when you hear what someone says
“I couldn’t believe my ears when Dan said they were getting married.”
choć trudno w to uwierzyć
believe
used to say that something is true although it seems surprising
“He even remembered my birthday, believe it or not.”
bystry
smart
intelligent
“Rachel’s one of the smartest kids in the class.”
elegancki
smart
If you look smart or your clothes are smart, you look clean and tidy.
“a smart, blue suit”,
“I need to look a bit smarter for my interview.”
elegancki
smart
fashionable and expensive
“a smart, new restaurant”,
“smart riverside apartments”
inteligentny
smart
A smart machine, weapon, etc uses advanced computer systems.
“smart bombs”
przeżywać
smart
to feel upset because someone has said or done something unpleasant to you
“The team are still smarting from last week’s defeat.”
piec
smart
If part of your body smarts, it hurts with a sharp, burning pain.
“The smoke from the fire made her eyes smart.”
album
album
several songs or pieces of music on a CD, a record, etc
“Have you heard their new album?”
album
album
a book in which you keep photographs, stamps, etc
gospodarstwo (domowe )
household
a family or group of people who live together in a house
“Many households own more than one television.”
domowy
household
connected with or belonging to a home
“household bills/expenses “,
“household products/goods “
popularna postać lub marka
household
someone or something that everyone knows
“Her TV roles made her a household name.”
zespół
band
a group of musicians who play modern music together
“a jazz band”
pasek, prążek
band
a line of a different colour or design
“The rugby team’s shirts are white with a red band around the middle.”
opaska
band
a piece of material put around something
“an elastic band “
grupa
band
a group of people who do something together
“the Cathedral’s band of regular worshippers”
przedział
band
one of the groups that something is divided into
“the 20-25 age band”
miejsce
place
a position, building, town, area, etc
“His leg’s broken in two places.”,
“Is there a place where we can talk privately?”,
“Edinburgh would be a nice place to live.”,
“What a stupid place to park.”
mieć miejsce, zdarzyć się, odbywać się
place
to happen
“The meeting will take place next week.”
na miejscu istniejący
place
in the correct positionIf a rule, system, etc is in place, it has started to exist.
“The chairs are all in place.”,
“There are now laws in place to prevent this from happening.”
nie na miejscu nie na miejscu
place
not in the correct positionnot right or suitable for a particular situation
“Why are my files all out of place?”,
“Everyone else was wearing jeans and I felt completely out of place in my office clothes.”
wszędzie
place
in or to many different places
“There was blood all over the place.”,
“I ran all over the place looking for them.”
zamiast czegoś
place
instead of something
“Try adding fruit to your breakfast cereal in place of sugar.”
dom, mieszkanie
place
someone’s home
“Do you want to come over to my place tonight?”,
“They’ve just bought a place in Spain.”
miejsce
place
an opportunity to take part in something
“Are there any places left on the theatre trip?”,
“She’s got a place at Liverpool University to do Spanish.”
na pierwszym/drugim/trzecim itp. miejscu , na pierwszej/drugiej/trzeciej itp. pozycji
place
If you are in first/second, etc place in a race or competition, that is your position.
“He finished in fifth place.”
umieścić coś w/na itp.
place
to put something somewhere carefully
“She placed a large dish in front of me.”
wystawiać, narażać
place
to cause someone to be in a situation
“One stupid action has placed us all at risk.”
nie móc (z niczym) sobie kogoś skojarzyć
place
to not be able to remember who someone is or where you have met them
“I recognize her face, but I can’t quite place her.”
dawać ogłoszenie/stawiać (zakład)/składać zamówienie itp.
place
to arrange to have an advertisement/bet/order, etc
kłaść nacisk na coś /przykładać znaczenie do czegoś
place
to give something emphasis/importance, etc
“They place a lot of importance on qualifications.”
odpowiadać
answer
to speak or write back to someone who has asked you a question or spoken to you
“I asked when she was leaving but she didn’t answer.”,
“You still haven’t answered my question.”,
“I must answer his letter.”
otwierać
answer
to open the door when someone has knocked on it or rung a bell
“I knocked several times but no one answered.”
odbierać
answer
to pick up the telephone receiver (= part that you hold to your ear) when it rings
“Could someone answer the phone?”,
“I leapt up to answer the phone.”
rozwiązywać, odpowiadać
answer
to write or say something as a reply to a question in a test or competition
odpowiedź
answer
what you say or write back to someone who has asked you a question or spoken to you
“I asked him if he was going but I didn’t hear his answer.”,
“Please give me your answer by next week.”
odpowiedź
answer
the act of answering the telephone or the door
“I rang the bell but there was no answer.”
rozwiązanie
answer
a way of solving a problem
“It’s a difficult situation and I don’t know what the answer is.”
odpowiedź, rozwiązanie
answer
the correct number or information given as a reply to a question in a test or competition
“Did you get the answer to Question 6?”
niewidomy, ślepy
blind
not able to see
“She went blind after an accident.”,
“This project provides guide dogs for the blind.”
być ślepym na coś
blind
to not notice something, or not want to notice something
“Drivers who speed are often blind to the risks they cause.”
ślep-a/e panika/wściekłość/zaufanie itp.
blind
an extremely strong feeling that makes you do things without thinking
ślepy zakręt
blind
a bend or corner on a road that is dangerous because you cannot see cars coming around it
oślepiać
blind
to make someone blind, either permanently or for a short time
“I was blinded by the car headlights.”
uczynić kogoś ślepym na coś
blind
to make someone unable to understand the truth about someone or something
“Love blinded her to all his faults.”
żaluzja, roleta
blind
a cover that you pull down over a window
stopa
foot
one of the two flat parts on the ends of your legs that you stand on
“bare feet”,
“He stepped on my foot.”
stopa (= = 30,48 cm)
foot
a unit for measuring length, equal to 0.3048 metres or 12 inches
“Alex is about 6 feet tall.”,
“an eight foot high wall”
stopa
foot
a part of a line of poetry that contains one strong beat and one or two weaker ones
spód czegoś , dół czegoś
foot
the bottom of something such as stairs, a hill, a bed, or a page
“Put the notes at the foot of the page.”
piechotą
foot
If you go somewhere on foot, you walk there.
być na nogach
foot
to be standing and not sitting
“I’m exhausted, I’ve been on my feet all day.”
wyciągnąć nogi , odpocząć
foot
to relax, especially by sitting with your feet supported above the ground
“You put your feet up for half an hour before the kids get home.”
pokazywać się gdzieś , ≈ czyjaś noga gdzieś nie postanie
foot
to go into a place or onto a piece of land
“He told me never to set foot in his house again.”
podnieść się, stanąć na nogi
foot
to stand up after you have been sitting
“The audience rose to their feet.”
płacić (rachunek)
foot
to pay for something
“Why should taxpayers have to foot the bill?”
unosić się, spławiać
float
to stay on the surface of a liquid instead of sinking, or to make something do this
“I like floating on my back in the pool.”
szybować, unosić się
float
to stay in the air, or move gently through the air
“A balloon floated across the sky.”
wprowadzać na giełdę , wchodzić na giełdę
float
to start selling a company’s shares to the public
platforma
float
a large, decorated vehicle that is used in public celebrations
spławik, koło lub deska do pływania
float
an object that floats on water, used in fishing or when learning to swim
premiera na giełdzie
float
an occasion when someone floats a business
gotówka w kasie
float
a small amount of money that you have before you sell things so that you can give people change (= money which you give to people if they give your more money than the price of something)
polecać, rekomendować
recommend
to say that someone or something is good or suitable for a particular purpose
“Can you recommend a good wine to go with this dish?”,
“She has been recommended for promotion.”
zalecać
recommend
to advise someone that something should be done
“The judge is likely to recommend a long jail sentence.”,
“The report recommended that tourists avoid the region.”,
“The recommended dose is two tablets every four hours.”
polityka
politics
ideas and activities relating to how a country or area is governed
“He has little interest in local politics.”
polityka
politics
a job in politics
“She’s planning to retire from politics next year.”
czyjeś poglądy polityczne
politics
someone’s opinions about how a country or area should be governed
“I don’t know what his politics are, but he strongly disagreed with the decision.”
rozgrywki
politics
the relationships in a group that allow particular people to have power over others
“I try not to get involved in office politics.”
popołudnie, ≈ po południu
afternoon
the time between the middle of the day, and the evening
“I played tennis on Saturday afternoon.”,
“The train arrives at 3 o’clock in the afternoon.”,
“What are you doing this afternoon (= today in the afternoon)?”
dzień dobry
afternoon
used to say hello to someone in the afternoon
głupi
stupid
silly or not intelligent
“That was a really stupid thing to do.”,
“How could you be so stupid?”
głupi
stupid
used to show that you are annoyed about something which is causing a problem
“I can never get this stupid machine to work!”
granica
boundary
a line that divides two areas or forms an edge around an area
“The mountains mark the boundary between the two countries.”
granica
boundary
a limit
“Such violence is beyond the boundaries of civilized conduct.”
nie być w stanie lub nie móc czegoś zrobić
unable
to not be able to do something
“Some days he is unable to get out of bed.”
trudny
difficult
not easy and needing skill or effort to do or understand
“Japanese is a difficult language for Europeans to learn.”,
“This game is too difficult for me.”,
“It’s difficult to think with all that noise.”
trudny
difficult
not friendly or easy to deal with
“a difficult teenager”
czuć (się), odczuwać
feel
to experience an emotion or a physical feeling
“You shouldn’t feel embarrassed about making a mistake.”,
“I felt a sharp pain in my side when I stood up.”,
““Are you feeling better?” “Yes, thanks, I feel fine now.””
wydawać się lepszym/innym/dziwnym/jakby itp.
feel
If you describe the way a place, situation, or object feels, you say how it seems to you, or what your experience of it is like.
“It felt strange to see him again after so long.”,
“The house feels empty without the children.”,
“This shirt feels tight under my arms.”,
“I feel as if I’ve known you for ages.”
czuć się jak ktoś /, odczuwać coś jak coś
feel
to seem to be similar to a type of person, thing, or situation
“My feet feel like blocks of ice.”,
“I felt like a fool when I saw what everyone else was wearing.”
sądzić
feel
to think something or have an opinion
“I feel that he’s the best person for the job.”,
“Do you feel strongly (= have strong opinions) about it?”,
“She feels certain that she’s right.”
dotykać, macać
feel
to touch something, especially with your hands, in order to examine it
“He felt her ankle to see if it was broken.”,
“I felt for a pulse.”
mieć na coś ochotę
feel
to want something, or want to do something
“I feel like some chocolate.”,
“Jane felt like crying.”
wyczuć
feel
to be aware of something
“You could feel the tension in the room.”,
“I could feel them watching me.”
dotyk, charakter, atmosfera
feel
the way that something seems, or feels when you touch it
“I love the feel of silk against my skin.”,
“His art has a very modern feel to it.”
wyczucie czegoś , talent do czegoś
feel
the ability to do something or use something well
“Once you get a feel for it, using the mouse is easy.”,
“Claire has a feel for this kind of work.”
policzek
cheek
the soft part of your face below your eye
“Tears ran down his cheeks.”
bezczelność, czelność
cheek
rude behaviour that shows that you do not respect someone
“She had the cheek to ask me to pay for her!”
uczucie
feeling
emotion
“guilty feelings”,
“a feeling of joy/sadness”,
“Her performance was completely lacking in feeling.”
uczucie, czucie
feeling
the way something feels physically
“I had a tingling feeling in my fingers.”,
“Pablo lost all feeling (= could not feel anything) in his feet.”
odczucie, zdanie
feeling
an opinion or belief
“My feeling is that we should wait until they come back.”,
“He has strong feelings about environmental issues.”
mieć wrażenie (że)
feeling
to think that something is likely
“I had a feeling he’d be there.”,
“I get the feeling that he doesn’t like me.”
animozje
feeling
a situation in which people are upset or angry with each other
“I don’t want to cause any bad feeling between us.”
biodro
hip
one of the two parts of your body above your leg and below your waist
“She stood waiting with her hands on her hips.”
modny
hip
fashionable
rozwijać (się)
develop
to grow or change and become more advanced, or to make someone or something do this
“The baby develops inside the mother for nine months.”,
“She’s taking a course to develop her computer skills.”,
“He’s developing into a very good tennis player.”
opracowywać
develop
to make something new such as a product
“Scientists are developing new drugs all the time.”
nabywać, ≈ pojawiać się
develop
to start to have something, such as an illness, problem, or feeling
“Shortly after take-off the plane developed engine trouble.”,
“He’s recently developed an interest in football.”
pojawiać się
develop
to start to happen or exist
“Further problems may develop if you do not deal with this now.”
wywoływać
develop
to use special chemicals on a piece of film to make photographs appear
“I need to get my holiday photos developed.”
zagospodarować
develop
to build houses, factories, shops, etc on a piece of land
sól
salt
a white substance used to add flavour to food
“salt and pepper”,
“Pass the salt, please.”
solić
salt
to add salt to food
AIDS
AIDS
abbreviation for acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a serious disease that destroys the body’s ability to fight infection
pogląd, zdanie
view
your opinion
“We have different views about/on education.”,
“In her view this is wrong.”
widok
view
the things that you can see from a place
“There was a lovely view of the lake from the bedroom window.”
widok
view
how well you can see something from a particular place
“We had a great view of the procession.”
wzrok
view
a position from which something can be seen
“The house was hidden from view behind a wall.”,
“He turned the corner and the harbour came into view.”
na oczach kogoś
view
happening where someone can easily see
“All this happened in full view of the cameras.”
zważywszy na coś , w związku z czymś
view
because of something
“In view of recent events, we have decided to cancel the meeting.”
z zamiarem zrobienia czegoś , w celu zrobienia czegoś
view
so that you can do something
“He’s doing some improvements on the house with a view to selling it.”
postrzegać, uważać
view
to have a particular opinion about someone or something
“In all three countries he is viewed as a terrorist.”
oglądać
view
to watch something
“They were able to view the city from a helicopter.”
usta, buzia
mouth
the part of the face that is used for eating and speaking
wylot jaskini/tunelu itp.
mouth
the opening or entrance of a cave/tunnel, etc
ujście rzeki
mouth
where a river goes into the sea
wymagać
require
to need or demand something
“Training to be a doctor requires a lot of hard work.”,
“A recent law requires that all programmes are censored.”
żądać żeby ktoś coś zrobił , wymagać czegoś od kogoś
require
to officially demand that someone does something
“You are required by law to produce a valid passport.”
ktoś
someone
used to refer to a person when you do not know who they are or when it is not important who they are
“There’s someone at the door.”,
“Will someone please answer the phone?”
ktoś inny
someone
a different person
“Sorry, I thought you were talking to someone else.”,
“I picked up someone else’s book by mistake.”
psychologia
psychology
the study of the human mind and feelings
“child psychology “,
“He’s studying psychology and philosophy.”
psychika, psychologia
psychology
the way someone thinks and behaves
“the psychology of serial killers”
lekarz
doctor
a person whose job is to treat people who have an illness or injury
“I have to go to the doctor’s for a check-up.”,
“He went back to see Doctor Jones when the pain got worse.”,
“Is it serious, Doctor?”
doktor nauk humanistycznych /teologii
doctor
someone who has the most advanced type of qualification from a university
“a Doctor of Philosophy”
fałszować, preparować
doctor
to change something, usually in a dishonest way
“The photo in his passport had been doctored.”
mieszanka
mixture
a substance made of other substances that have been combined
“Add milk to the mixture and stir until smooth.”
mieszanka
mixture
a combination of two or more ideas, qualities, styles, etc
“Their house is decorated in a mixture of styles.”
strach, obawa, lęk
fear
a strong, unpleasant feeling that you get when you think that something bad, dangerous, or frightening might happen
“She was trembling with fear.”,
“Unlike the rest of us, Dave had no fear of snakes.”,
“There are fears that the disease will spread to other countries.”
z obawy przed czymś
fear
because you are worried about something/doing something
“I didn’t want to move for fear of waking her up.”
obawiać się
fear
to be worried or frightened that something bad might happen or might have happened
“Police fear that the couple may have drowned.”,
“We huddled together, fearing we’d be killed.”
obawiać się
fear
to be frightened of something or someone unpleasant
“Most older employees fear unemployment.”
obawiać się najgorszego
fear
If you fear the worst, you are frightened that an unpleasant situation will become much worse.
“When there was no sign of the children, rescuers feared the worst.”
