Deck 20 Flashcards
równie
equally
to the same degree or level
“an equally important question”,
“She did equally well in the competition last year.”
równo
equally
into amounts or parts that are the same size
“She shared the money equally between the four children.”
jednakowo
equally
If you treat people equally, you treat everyone in the same way so that no one has an unfair advantage.
zamykać (się)
closer
If something closes, it moves so that it is not open, and if you close something, you make it move so that it is not open.
“Jane closed the window.”,
“Lie down and close your eyes.”,
“Suddenly the door closed.”
zamykać się
closer
If a shop, restaurant, public place, etc closes, people cannot go in it.
“The store closes at 8 p.m.”
ulegać likwidacji
closer
If a business or organization closes, or if someone or something closes it, it stops operating.
“Many factories have closed in the last ten years.”
zakończyć (się)
closer
to end, or to end something
“She closed the meeting with a short speech.”
bliski
closer
near in distance
“His house is close to the airport.”
bliski
closer
near in time
“It was close to lunchtime when we arrived.”
bliski
closer
If people are close, they know each other very well and like each other a lot.
“close friends”,
“I’m very close to my brother.”
bliski
closer
A close relative is someone who is directly related to you, for example your mother, father, or brother.
ścisły, bliski
closer
seeing or talking with someone a lot
“Our school has close links with a school in China.”,
“I’m still in close contact with my school friends.”
być bliskim czegoś , prawie coś zrobić
closer
to almost achieve or do something
“We are close to reaching an agreement.”
być bliskim czegoś
closer
If someone or something is close to a particular state, they are almost in that state.
“She was close to tears.”
wyrównany
closer
A close game, competition, etc is one in which people’s scores are nearly the same.
uważny
closer
looking at or listening to someone or something very carefully
“On close inspection, you could see that the painting was a fake.”,
“Keep a close watch on the children (= watch them carefully).”
duszny
closer
Close weather is too warm and there is not enough fresh air.
blisko
closer
near in distance
"He stayed close to his mother.", "Come a bit closer.", "We walked close behind them.", "There's a great beach close by (= near).", "He held me close."
blisko
closer
near in time
“The time for change is coming closer.”
koniec, zakończenie
closer
the end of something
“They finally reached an agreement at the close of a week of negotiations.”,
“The year was drawing to a close.”
zaułek
closer
used in the name of a road that cars can only enter from one end
“They live at 7 Kings Close.”
który, jaki
which
used to ask or talk about a choice between two or more things
“Which of these do you like best?”,
“Which way is it to the station?”,
“I just don’t know which one to choose.”
który
which
used at the beginning of a relative clause to show what thing is being referred to
“These are principles which we all believe in.”
który
which
used to give more information about something
“The book, which includes a map, gives you all the information you need about Venice.”
co
which
used when you give an opinion about what you have just said
“He took us both out for lunch, which I thought was very kind of him.”
zamykać (się)
shut
to close something, or to become closed
“Shut the door.”,
“He lay back and shut his eyes.”,
“The lid shut with a bang.”
zamykać (się)
shut
When a shop, restaurant, etc shuts, it stops serving customers and does not allow people to enter.
“The museum shuts at 4 o’clock on a Friday.”,
“Several schools were shut because of the bad weather.”
zamknięty
shut
closed
“Her eyes were shut and I thought she was asleep.”
zamknięty
shut
When a shop, restaurant, etc is shut, it has stopped serving customers and does not allow people to enter it.
łagodny
gently
kind and careful not to hurt or upset anyone or anything
“My mother was such a gentle, loving person.”
łagodny
gently
not strong or severe
“Use a mild soap that is gentle on your skin.”,
“a gentle breeze”,
“His voice was quiet and gentle.”
łagodny
gently
A gentle slope or climb is not steep.
za
behind
at or to the back of someone or something
“Close the door behind you.”,
“The warehouse is behind the store.”,
“The letter had fallen behind the desk.”
za, z tyłu
behind
slower or less successful than someone or something
“Our team is 3 points behind the winners.”,
“The building work is already behind schedule (= late).”
za
behind
causing something, or responsible for something
“What was the reason behind her decision to leave?”
po stronie
behind
giving your help or support to someone
“The group is 100 percent behind her.”
za
behind
If a bad experience or your own bad behaviour is behind you, it does not exist or affect your life now.
“He’s put his criminal past behind him.”
z tyłu , od tyłu
behind
at or to the back of someone or something
“Somebody grabbed me from behind.”
do tyłu , ≈ zalegać
behind
slower or later than someone else, or than you should be
“She’s behind with the rent (= is late to pay it).”
tam, tutaj
behind
in the place where someone or something was before
“You go on ahead. I’ll stay behind and tidy up.”,
“When we got to the restaurant, I realized that I had left my purse behind.”
pupa, siedzenie
behind
the part of your body that you sit on
zapominać
forget
to be unable to remember a fact, something that happened, or how to do something
“I’ve forgotten his name.”,
“Don’t forget that Lucy and John are coming this weekend.”,
“He’d completely forgotten about their quarrel.”,
“You never forget how to ride a bike.”
zapominać
forget
to not remember to do something
“Dad’s always forgetting to take his pills.”
zapominać
forget
to not bring something with you because you did not remember it
“Oh no, I’ve forgotten my passport.”
zapominać
forget
to stop thinking about someone or something
“I’ll never forget him for as long as I live.”,
“Let’s try to forget about work and have a good time.”
nie ma sprawy
forget
used to tell someone not to worry about something as it is not important
"”I’m sorry I missed your birthday.” “Forget it, it doesn’t matter.””
nie pamiętam
forget
used instead of ‘I have forgotten’
“I forget when we last saw him.”
zapominać się
forget
to do or say something that is not acceptable in a particular situation
“She completely forgot herself and started screaming at him.”
wydawać, publikować
publish
to prepare and print a book, newspaper, magazine, article, etc so that people can buy it
“This book is published by Cambridge University Press.”
publikować
publish
to write something that is then printed in a book, newspaper, magazine, etc
“He’s published several short stories in national magazines.”
ogłaszać, opublikować
publish
to make information available to the public
zawodni-k/czka, gracz
player
someone who plays a sport or game
“football/tennis players”
muzyk
player
someone who plays a musical instrument
“a piano player”
horyzont
horizon
the line in the distance where the sky seems to touch the land or sea
poszerzać horyzonty
horizon
to increase the number of things that you know about, have experienced, or can do
“Travelling certainly broadens your horizons.”
zarządca, administrator/ka
administrator
someone who helps to manage an organization
naukowy
scientific
relating to science, or using the organized methods of science
“scientific experiments/research “
ogon
tail
the long, narrow part that sticks out at the back of an animal’s body
“The dog’s pleased to see you - he’s wagging his tail.”
ogon
tail
the back part of something long, such as a plane
śledzić
tail
to secretly follow someone, especially because you think they have done something wrong
kartka, notatka
note
a short letter
“He left a note on her desk.”,
“Did you get my note?”
notatka
note
words that you write down to help you remember something
“She studied her notes before the exam.”,
“Let me make a note of (= write) your phone number.”,
“The doctor took notes (= wrote information) while my wife described her symptoms.”
przypis
note
a short explanation or an extra piece of information that is given at the bottom of a page or at the back of a book
“See note 3, page 37.”
ton, nuta
note
a particular feeling or mood
“a sad/serious/positive note “,
“His speech had just the right note of sympathy.”
nuta
note
a single musical sound or the symbol that represents it
banknot
note
a piece of paper money
“a ten-pound note”
zwracać uwagę (na coś ), zapamiętać sobie ( coś )
note
to pay careful attention to something
“Make sure you take note of what she says.”,
“Safety standards are being tightened. Employers, take note.”
coś znaczącego / ktoś znaczący
note
someone or something famous or important
“A medieval church is the only monument of note in the town.”
zauważać, zwracać uwagę na
note
to notice something
“She noted a distinct chill in the air.”,
“We noted that their idea had never been tried.”
zauważać, wymieniać, odnotować
note
to say or write something
“In the article, she notes several cases of medical incompetence.”,
“The senator noted that almost no one had been prepared for a recession.”
wpływ
influence
the power to affect how someone thinks or behaves, or how something develops
“The drug companies have a lot of influence on doctors.”
wpływ
influence
someone or something that has an effect on another person or thing
“His grandfather was a strong influence on him.”
wpływać na
influence
to affect or change how someone or something develops, behaves, or thinks
“Many factors influence a film’s success.”,
“Were you influenced by anybody when you were starting your career?”
otwarty
open
not closed or fastened
“an open door/window “,
“Someone had left the gate wide open.”,
“Is there a bottle of wine already open?”,
“I threw all the doors open (= opened them quickly).”,
“A magazine was lying open on her lap.”,
“The kids were so tired they could hardly keep their eyes open.”
otwarty
open
A shop or business is open during the time it is available for business or serving customers.
“Most shops are open on Sundays now.”
otwarty
open
If a computer document or program is open, it is ready to be read or used.
otwarty, wolny
open
An open area of land has no buildings on it or near it.
“large open spaces “,
“open fields”
otwarty
open
without a roof or cover
“an open courtyard”
otwarty
open
If a place or event is open, everyone can go to it or become involved in it.
“an open debate “,
“Are the gardens open to the public?”
otwarty
open
An open person is honest and does not hide their feelings.
“He’s very open and friendly.”
nieskrywany
open
Open feelings, usually negative ones, are not hidden.
“open hostility/rivalry “
otwarty, nierozstrzygnięty
open
If a decision or question is open, it has not yet been decided.
“We don’t have to make a firm arrangement now. Let’s leave it open.”
nie wyciągać pochopnych wniosków
open
to wait until you know all the facts before you form an opinion about something or judge someone
“The cause of the fire is still unclear and we are keeping an open mind.”
gotowy do rozmowy /otwarty na propozycje
open
willing to consider a discussion/suggestions, etc
“This is only a proposal. I’m open to suggestions.”
dający możliwość nadużyć /narażony na krytykę
open
likely to be abused/criticized, etc
“The system is wide open to abuse.”
otwierać (się)
open
If something opens, it changes to a position that is not closed, and if you open it, you make it change to a position that is not closed.
“to open a door/window”,
“The gate won’t open.”,
“Don’t open your eyes yet.”
otwierać
open
to remove part of a container or parcel so that you can see or use what it contains
“Karen opened the box and looked inside.”,
“Why don’t you open the envelope?”,
“I can’t open this bottle.”
otwierać (się), rozkładać (się)
open
If an object opens, the parts that are folded together move apart, and if you open it, you make the parts that are folded together move apart.
“Shall I open the umbrella?”,
“Open your books at page 22.”
być czynnym , być otwartym
open
If a shop or office opens at a particular time of day, it starts to do business at that time.
“What time does the bank open?”
otworzyć
open
to make a computer document or program ready to be read or used
otwierać, zostać otwartym
open
If a business or activity opens, it starts officially for the first time, and if you open it, you make it start officially for the first time.
“That restaurant’s new - it only opened last month.”,
“Several shops have opened up in the last year.”
otwierać
open
to allow people to use a road or area
“They opened up the roads again the day after the flooding.”
otwierać konto lub rachunek
open
to make an arrangement to keep your money with a bank
“Have you opened a bank account yet?”
na świeżym powietrzu , pod gołym niebem
open
outside
“We spent the night in the open.”
wyciągnąć coś na światło dzienne
open
to tell people information that was secret
“It’s time this issue was brought out into the open.”
ekspert, specjalist-a/ka
expert
someone who has a lot of skill in something or a lot of knowledge about something
“He’s an expert on Japanese literature.”,
“Show me how to use this computer - You’re the expert.”
fachowy
expert
having a lot of skill in something or knowing a lot about something
“I need some expert advice on investments.”,
“What’s your expert opinion?”
regulacja, korekta, poprawka
adjustment
a slight change that you make to something so that it works better, fits better, or is more suitable
“We’ve made a few adjustments to the schedule.”
fizycznie
physically
in a way that relates to the body
“physically attractive/fit “
przynosić, wywoływać
generate
to cause something to exist
“to generate income/profit “,
“This film has generated a lot of interest.”
wytwarzać
generate
to produce energy
“Many countries use nuclear fuels to generate electricity.”
techniczny
technical
relating to the knowledge, machines, or methods used in science and industry
“We’re having a few technical problems.”
techniczny, fachowy, specjalistyczny
technical
relating to the knowledge and methods of a particular subject or job
“There are a few technical terms here that I don’t understand.”
techniczny
technical
relating to practical skills and methods that are used in a particular activity
“As a dancer she had great technical skill.”
cywilny
civil
relating to the ordinary people or things in a country and not to military or religious organizations
“They married in a civil ceremony.”
cywilny
civil
relating to private arguments between people and not criminal cases
“a civil court “
uprzejmy
civil
polite in a formal way
“He and his ex-wife can’t even have a civil conversation.”
słowo
word
a group of letters or sounds that mean something, or a single letter or sound that means something
“‘Hund’ is the German word for ‘dog’.”,
“He has difficulty spelling long words.”
nic nie wierzyć/nie rozumieć/słyszeć itp. ani słowa
word
to not believe/understand/hear, etc anything
“I don’t believe a word he says.”
ostrzeżenie/rada/podziękowanie itp.
word
something that you say to warn someone/give them advice/thank them, etc
“Just a word of warning - he doesn’t like people being late.”
porozmawiać z kimś
word
to talk to someone for a short time
“I’ll have a word with Ted and see if he wants to come.”
wstawić się za kimś
word
to praise someone, often to someone who might be able to employ them
dać komuś słowo
word
to promise someone something
“He gave me his word that he wouldn’t tell anyone.”
wierzyć komuś na słowo
word
to believe what someone says without any proof
innymi słowy
word
used to explain what something means in a different way
“He said he’s too busy, in other words, he isn’t interested.”
jak ktoś powiedział lub mówi
word
used when you repeat what someone said
“In the manager’s words, the game was ‘a total disaster’.”
słowo w słowo
word
using the exact words that were originally used
“She repeated word for word what he had told her.”
formułować
word
to choose the words you use when you are saying or writing something
“How should I word this letter?”
mózg
brain
the organ inside your head that controls your thoughts, feelings, and movements
“brain damage “
mózg
brain
an extremely intelligent person
“This university attracts some of the best brains in the country.”
głowa (na karku )
brain
intelligence
“He has brains and good looks.”
mieć czymś zaprzątniętą głowę
brain
to think or talk about something all the time
“You have football on the brain!”
wypytywać kogoś
brain
to ask someone for information
“I want to pick your brains about keeping chickens.”
mózg czegoś
brain
the person who has planned and organized something successful
“Anthony is the brains behind the project.”
węgiel
coal
a hard, black substance that is dug from under the ground and burnt as fuel
“a lump of coal”
węgiel
coal
pieces of coal, usually burning
dzielić (się)
share
to have or use something at the same time as someone else
“She shares a house with Paul.”
dzielić (się)
share
to divide something between two or more people
“We shared a pizza and a bottle of wine.”,
“We shared the cost of the wedding between us.”
podzielać zainteresowanie/zdanie itp.
share
to have the same interest/opinion, etc as someone else
“They share a love of gardening.”,
“I don’t share your views on this subject.”
dzielić się problemami/myślami/pomysłami itp.
share
to tell someone your problems/thoughts, etc
akcja
share
one of the equal parts that the value of a company is divided into when it is owned by a group of people
“to buy/sell shares “,
“We own shares in a number of companies.”,
“Share prices have fallen for the third day running.”
część, udział
share
a part of something that has been divided
“When am I going to get my share of the money?”
przekraczać, przewyższać
exceed
to be more than a particular number or amount
“Sales have exceeded $1 million so far this year.”
przekraczać dozwoloną szybkość
exceed
to drive faster than you are allowed to according to the law
charakter
character
the combination of qualities and personality that makes one person or thing different from others
“It’s not in her character to be jealous (= she would not usually be jealous).”,
“It would be very out of character (= not typical) of her to lie.”,
“The character of the village has changed since the road was built.”
postać
character
a person in a book, film, etc
“a cartoon character”
charakter
character
qualities that are interesting or unusual
“a hotel of character”
typ (człowieka )
character
a particular kind of person
“an unpleasant character”
oryginał
character
an interesting or funny person whose behaviour is different from most people’s
“Your granny’s a real character.”
znak
character
a letter, sign, or number that you use when you are writing or printing
“Chinese characters”
proporcja
proportion
a part of a total number or amount
"Children make up a large proportion of the world's population.", "The class consists of both men and women in roughly equal proportions."
niewspółmierny, nieproporcjonalny
proportion
If something is out of proportion, it is much bigger or smaller than it should be, when compared to other things.
“The punishment is completely out of proportion to the crime.”
proporcjonalny
proportion
If something is in proportion, it is the right size or shape when compared to other things.
proporcjonalnie do
proportion
If something changes in proportion to another thing, it changes to the same degree as that thing.
“Your tax payment increases in proportion to your salary.”
odsetek, procent
percentage
an amount of something, expressed as a number out of 100
“The percentage of women who work has risen steadily.”,
“The percentage of people who are left-handed is small - only about 10%.”
status, sytuacja
status
the position that you have in relation to other people because of your job or social position
“The pay and status of nurses has improved.”
stan, status
status
the legal position of someone or something
“What’s your marital status (= are you married or not)?”
rola
role
the job someone or something has in a particular situation
“This part of the brain plays an important role in learning.”
rola
role
a part in a play or film
“In his latest movie, he plays the role of a violent gangster.”
nakładać
impose
to officially order that a rule, tax, punishment, etc will happen
“to impose a ban/tax “,
“The judge imposed the death penalty on both men.”
narzucać
impose
to force someone to accept a belief or way of living
“I don’t want them to impose their religious beliefs on my children.”
być winnym
owe
to have to pay money back to someone
“You still owe me money.”,
“He owes a lot of money to the bank.”
być komuś winnym przeprosiny/przysługę /drinka itp.
owe
to have to give something to someone because they deserve it
“I think I owe you an apology.”,
“Thanks, I owe you a drink for that.”
zawdzięczać komuś/czemuś swoje istnienie/swój sukces itp.
owe
to have something or achieve something because of someone or something else
“The museum owes much of its success to the present generation of young British artists.”
wydatki
spending
the money that is used for a particular purpose, especially by a government or organization
“government spending on health”,
“spending cuts “
ponieść porażkę , nie udać się, nie powieść się
fail
to not be successful
“Dad’s business failed after just three years.”,
“She keeps failing in her attempt to lose weight.”