Deck 20 Flashcards
równie
equally
to the same degree or level
“an equally important question”,
“She did equally well in the competition last year.”
równo
equally
into amounts or parts that are the same size
“She shared the money equally between the four children.”
jednakowo
equally
If you treat people equally, you treat everyone in the same way so that no one has an unfair advantage.
zamykać (się)
closer
If something closes, it moves so that it is not open, and if you close something, you make it move so that it is not open.
“Jane closed the window.”,
“Lie down and close your eyes.”,
“Suddenly the door closed.”
zamykać się
closer
If a shop, restaurant, public place, etc closes, people cannot go in it.
“The store closes at 8 p.m.”
ulegać likwidacji
closer
If a business or organization closes, or if someone or something closes it, it stops operating.
“Many factories have closed in the last ten years.”
zakończyć (się)
closer
to end, or to end something
“She closed the meeting with a short speech.”
bliski
closer
near in distance
“His house is close to the airport.”
bliski
closer
near in time
“It was close to lunchtime when we arrived.”
bliski
closer
If people are close, they know each other very well and like each other a lot.
“close friends”,
“I’m very close to my brother.”
bliski
closer
A close relative is someone who is directly related to you, for example your mother, father, or brother.
ścisły, bliski
closer
seeing or talking with someone a lot
“Our school has close links with a school in China.”,
“I’m still in close contact with my school friends.”
być bliskim czegoś , prawie coś zrobić
closer
to almost achieve or do something
“We are close to reaching an agreement.”
być bliskim czegoś
closer
If someone or something is close to a particular state, they are almost in that state.
“She was close to tears.”
wyrównany
closer
A close game, competition, etc is one in which people’s scores are nearly the same.
uważny
closer
looking at or listening to someone or something very carefully
“On close inspection, you could see that the painting was a fake.”,
“Keep a close watch on the children (= watch them carefully).”
duszny
closer
Close weather is too warm and there is not enough fresh air.
blisko
closer
near in distance
"He stayed close to his mother.", "Come a bit closer.", "We walked close behind them.", "There's a great beach close by (= near).", "He held me close."
blisko
closer
near in time
“The time for change is coming closer.”
koniec, zakończenie
closer
the end of something
“They finally reached an agreement at the close of a week of negotiations.”,
“The year was drawing to a close.”
zaułek
closer
used in the name of a road that cars can only enter from one end
“They live at 7 Kings Close.”
który, jaki
which
used to ask or talk about a choice between two or more things
“Which of these do you like best?”,
“Which way is it to the station?”,
“I just don’t know which one to choose.”
który
which
used at the beginning of a relative clause to show what thing is being referred to
“These are principles which we all believe in.”
który
which
used to give more information about something
“The book, which includes a map, gives you all the information you need about Venice.”
co
which
used when you give an opinion about what you have just said
“He took us both out for lunch, which I thought was very kind of him.”
zamykać (się)
shut
to close something, or to become closed
“Shut the door.”,
“He lay back and shut his eyes.”,
“The lid shut with a bang.”
zamykać (się)
shut
When a shop, restaurant, etc shuts, it stops serving customers and does not allow people to enter.
“The museum shuts at 4 o’clock on a Friday.”,
“Several schools were shut because of the bad weather.”
zamknięty
shut
closed
“Her eyes were shut and I thought she was asleep.”
zamknięty
shut
When a shop, restaurant, etc is shut, it has stopped serving customers and does not allow people to enter it.
łagodny
gently
kind and careful not to hurt or upset anyone or anything
“My mother was such a gentle, loving person.”
łagodny
gently
not strong or severe
“Use a mild soap that is gentle on your skin.”,
“a gentle breeze”,
“His voice was quiet and gentle.”
łagodny
gently
A gentle slope or climb is not steep.
za
behind
at or to the back of someone or something
“Close the door behind you.”,
“The warehouse is behind the store.”,
“The letter had fallen behind the desk.”
za, z tyłu
behind
slower or less successful than someone or something
“Our team is 3 points behind the winners.”,
“The building work is already behind schedule (= late).”
za
behind
causing something, or responsible for something
“What was the reason behind her decision to leave?”
po stronie
behind
giving your help or support to someone
“The group is 100 percent behind her.”
za
behind
If a bad experience or your own bad behaviour is behind you, it does not exist or affect your life now.
“He’s put his criminal past behind him.”
z tyłu , od tyłu
behind
at or to the back of someone or something
“Somebody grabbed me from behind.”
do tyłu , ≈ zalegać
behind
slower or later than someone else, or than you should be
“She’s behind with the rent (= is late to pay it).”
tam, tutaj
behind
in the place where someone or something was before
“You go on ahead. I’ll stay behind and tidy up.”,
“When we got to the restaurant, I realized that I had left my purse behind.”
pupa, siedzenie
behind
the part of your body that you sit on
zapominać
forget
to be unable to remember a fact, something that happened, or how to do something
“I’ve forgotten his name.”,
“Don’t forget that Lucy and John are coming this weekend.”,
“He’d completely forgotten about their quarrel.”,
“You never forget how to ride a bike.”
zapominać
forget
to not remember to do something
“Dad’s always forgetting to take his pills.”
zapominać
forget
to not bring something with you because you did not remember it
“Oh no, I’ve forgotten my passport.”
zapominać
forget
to stop thinking about someone or something
“I’ll never forget him for as long as I live.”,
“Let’s try to forget about work and have a good time.”
nie ma sprawy
forget
used to tell someone not to worry about something as it is not important
"”I’m sorry I missed your birthday.” “Forget it, it doesn’t matter.””
nie pamiętam
forget
used instead of ‘I have forgotten’
“I forget when we last saw him.”
zapominać się
forget
to do or say something that is not acceptable in a particular situation
“She completely forgot herself and started screaming at him.”
wydawać, publikować
publish
to prepare and print a book, newspaper, magazine, article, etc so that people can buy it
“This book is published by Cambridge University Press.”
publikować
publish
to write something that is then printed in a book, newspaper, magazine, etc
“He’s published several short stories in national magazines.”
ogłaszać, opublikować
publish
to make information available to the public
zawodni-k/czka, gracz
player
someone who plays a sport or game
“football/tennis players”
muzyk
player
someone who plays a musical instrument
“a piano player”
horyzont
horizon
the line in the distance where the sky seems to touch the land or sea
poszerzać horyzonty
horizon
to increase the number of things that you know about, have experienced, or can do
“Travelling certainly broadens your horizons.”
zarządca, administrator/ka
administrator
someone who helps to manage an organization
naukowy
scientific
relating to science, or using the organized methods of science
“scientific experiments/research “
ogon
tail
the long, narrow part that sticks out at the back of an animal’s body
“The dog’s pleased to see you - he’s wagging his tail.”
ogon
tail
the back part of something long, such as a plane
śledzić
tail
to secretly follow someone, especially because you think they have done something wrong
kartka, notatka
note
a short letter
“He left a note on her desk.”,
“Did you get my note?”
notatka
note
words that you write down to help you remember something
“She studied her notes before the exam.”,
“Let me make a note of (= write) your phone number.”,
“The doctor took notes (= wrote information) while my wife described her symptoms.”
przypis
note
a short explanation or an extra piece of information that is given at the bottom of a page or at the back of a book
“See note 3, page 37.”
ton, nuta
note
a particular feeling or mood
“a sad/serious/positive note “,
“His speech had just the right note of sympathy.”
nuta
note
a single musical sound or the symbol that represents it
banknot
note
a piece of paper money
“a ten-pound note”
zwracać uwagę (na coś ), zapamiętać sobie ( coś )
note
to pay careful attention to something
“Make sure you take note of what she says.”,
“Safety standards are being tightened. Employers, take note.”
coś znaczącego / ktoś znaczący
note
someone or something famous or important
“A medieval church is the only monument of note in the town.”
zauważać, zwracać uwagę na
note
to notice something
“She noted a distinct chill in the air.”,
“We noted that their idea had never been tried.”
zauważać, wymieniać, odnotować
note
to say or write something
“In the article, she notes several cases of medical incompetence.”,
“The senator noted that almost no one had been prepared for a recession.”
wpływ
influence
the power to affect how someone thinks or behaves, or how something develops
“The drug companies have a lot of influence on doctors.”
wpływ
influence
someone or something that has an effect on another person or thing
“His grandfather was a strong influence on him.”
wpływać na
influence
to affect or change how someone or something develops, behaves, or thinks
“Many factors influence a film’s success.”,
“Were you influenced by anybody when you were starting your career?”
otwarty
open
not closed or fastened
“an open door/window “,
“Someone had left the gate wide open.”,
“Is there a bottle of wine already open?”,
“I threw all the doors open (= opened them quickly).”,
“A magazine was lying open on her lap.”,
“The kids were so tired they could hardly keep their eyes open.”
otwarty
open
A shop or business is open during the time it is available for business or serving customers.
“Most shops are open on Sundays now.”
otwarty
open
If a computer document or program is open, it is ready to be read or used.
otwarty, wolny
open
An open area of land has no buildings on it or near it.
“large open spaces “,
“open fields”
otwarty
open
without a roof or cover
“an open courtyard”
otwarty
open
If a place or event is open, everyone can go to it or become involved in it.
“an open debate “,
“Are the gardens open to the public?”
otwarty
open
An open person is honest and does not hide their feelings.
“He’s very open and friendly.”
nieskrywany
open
Open feelings, usually negative ones, are not hidden.
“open hostility/rivalry “
otwarty, nierozstrzygnięty
open
If a decision or question is open, it has not yet been decided.
“We don’t have to make a firm arrangement now. Let’s leave it open.”
nie wyciągać pochopnych wniosków
open
to wait until you know all the facts before you form an opinion about something or judge someone
“The cause of the fire is still unclear and we are keeping an open mind.”
gotowy do rozmowy /otwarty na propozycje
open
willing to consider a discussion/suggestions, etc
“This is only a proposal. I’m open to suggestions.”
dający możliwość nadużyć /narażony na krytykę
open
likely to be abused/criticized, etc
“The system is wide open to abuse.”
otwierać (się)
open
If something opens, it changes to a position that is not closed, and if you open it, you make it change to a position that is not closed.
“to open a door/window”,
“The gate won’t open.”,
“Don’t open your eyes yet.”
otwierać
open
to remove part of a container or parcel so that you can see or use what it contains
“Karen opened the box and looked inside.”,
“Why don’t you open the envelope?”,
“I can’t open this bottle.”
otwierać (się), rozkładać (się)
open
If an object opens, the parts that are folded together move apart, and if you open it, you make the parts that are folded together move apart.
“Shall I open the umbrella?”,
“Open your books at page 22.”
być czynnym , być otwartym
open
If a shop or office opens at a particular time of day, it starts to do business at that time.
“What time does the bank open?”
otworzyć
open
to make a computer document or program ready to be read or used
otwierać, zostać otwartym
open
If a business or activity opens, it starts officially for the first time, and if you open it, you make it start officially for the first time.
“That restaurant’s new - it only opened last month.”,
“Several shops have opened up in the last year.”
otwierać
open
to allow people to use a road or area
“They opened up the roads again the day after the flooding.”
otwierać konto lub rachunek
open
to make an arrangement to keep your money with a bank
“Have you opened a bank account yet?”
na świeżym powietrzu , pod gołym niebem
open
outside
“We spent the night in the open.”
wyciągnąć coś na światło dzienne
open
to tell people information that was secret
“It’s time this issue was brought out into the open.”
ekspert, specjalist-a/ka
expert
someone who has a lot of skill in something or a lot of knowledge about something
“He’s an expert on Japanese literature.”,
“Show me how to use this computer - You’re the expert.”
fachowy
expert
having a lot of skill in something or knowing a lot about something
“I need some expert advice on investments.”,
“What’s your expert opinion?”
regulacja, korekta, poprawka
adjustment
a slight change that you make to something so that it works better, fits better, or is more suitable
“We’ve made a few adjustments to the schedule.”
fizycznie
physically
in a way that relates to the body
“physically attractive/fit “
przynosić, wywoływać
generate
to cause something to exist
“to generate income/profit “,
“This film has generated a lot of interest.”
wytwarzać
generate
to produce energy
“Many countries use nuclear fuels to generate electricity.”
techniczny
technical
relating to the knowledge, machines, or methods used in science and industry
“We’re having a few technical problems.”
techniczny, fachowy, specjalistyczny
technical
relating to the knowledge and methods of a particular subject or job
“There are a few technical terms here that I don’t understand.”
techniczny
technical
relating to practical skills and methods that are used in a particular activity
“As a dancer she had great technical skill.”
cywilny
civil
relating to the ordinary people or things in a country and not to military or religious organizations
“They married in a civil ceremony.”
cywilny
civil
relating to private arguments between people and not criminal cases
“a civil court “
uprzejmy
civil
polite in a formal way
“He and his ex-wife can’t even have a civil conversation.”
słowo
word
a group of letters or sounds that mean something, or a single letter or sound that means something
“‘Hund’ is the German word for ‘dog’.”,
“He has difficulty spelling long words.”
nic nie wierzyć/nie rozumieć/słyszeć itp. ani słowa
word
to not believe/understand/hear, etc anything
“I don’t believe a word he says.”
ostrzeżenie/rada/podziękowanie itp.
word
something that you say to warn someone/give them advice/thank them, etc
“Just a word of warning - he doesn’t like people being late.”
porozmawiać z kimś
word
to talk to someone for a short time
“I’ll have a word with Ted and see if he wants to come.”
wstawić się za kimś
word
to praise someone, often to someone who might be able to employ them
dać komuś słowo
word
to promise someone something
“He gave me his word that he wouldn’t tell anyone.”
wierzyć komuś na słowo
word
to believe what someone says without any proof
innymi słowy
word
used to explain what something means in a different way
“He said he’s too busy, in other words, he isn’t interested.”
jak ktoś powiedział lub mówi
word
used when you repeat what someone said
“In the manager’s words, the game was ‘a total disaster’.”
słowo w słowo
word
using the exact words that were originally used
“She repeated word for word what he had told her.”
formułować
word
to choose the words you use when you are saying or writing something
“How should I word this letter?”
mózg
brain
the organ inside your head that controls your thoughts, feelings, and movements
“brain damage “
mózg
brain
an extremely intelligent person
“This university attracts some of the best brains in the country.”
głowa (na karku )
brain
intelligence
“He has brains and good looks.”
mieć czymś zaprzątniętą głowę
brain
to think or talk about something all the time
“You have football on the brain!”
wypytywać kogoś
brain
to ask someone for information
“I want to pick your brains about keeping chickens.”
mózg czegoś
brain
the person who has planned and organized something successful
“Anthony is the brains behind the project.”
węgiel
coal
a hard, black substance that is dug from under the ground and burnt as fuel
“a lump of coal”
węgiel
coal
pieces of coal, usually burning
dzielić (się)
share
to have or use something at the same time as someone else
“She shares a house with Paul.”
dzielić (się)
share
to divide something between two or more people
“We shared a pizza and a bottle of wine.”,
“We shared the cost of the wedding between us.”
podzielać zainteresowanie/zdanie itp.
share
to have the same interest/opinion, etc as someone else
“They share a love of gardening.”,
“I don’t share your views on this subject.”
dzielić się problemami/myślami/pomysłami itp.
share
to tell someone your problems/thoughts, etc
akcja
share
one of the equal parts that the value of a company is divided into when it is owned by a group of people
“to buy/sell shares “,
“We own shares in a number of companies.”,
“Share prices have fallen for the third day running.”
część, udział
share
a part of something that has been divided
“When am I going to get my share of the money?”
przekraczać, przewyższać
exceed
to be more than a particular number or amount
“Sales have exceeded $1 million so far this year.”
przekraczać dozwoloną szybkość
exceed
to drive faster than you are allowed to according to the law
charakter
character
the combination of qualities and personality that makes one person or thing different from others
“It’s not in her character to be jealous (= she would not usually be jealous).”,
“It would be very out of character (= not typical) of her to lie.”,
“The character of the village has changed since the road was built.”
postać
character
a person in a book, film, etc
“a cartoon character”
charakter
character
qualities that are interesting or unusual
“a hotel of character”
typ (człowieka )
character
a particular kind of person
“an unpleasant character”
oryginał
character
an interesting or funny person whose behaviour is different from most people’s
“Your granny’s a real character.”
znak
character
a letter, sign, or number that you use when you are writing or printing
“Chinese characters”
proporcja
proportion
a part of a total number or amount
"Children make up a large proportion of the world's population.", "The class consists of both men and women in roughly equal proportions."
niewspółmierny, nieproporcjonalny
proportion
If something is out of proportion, it is much bigger or smaller than it should be, when compared to other things.
“The punishment is completely out of proportion to the crime.”
proporcjonalny
proportion
If something is in proportion, it is the right size or shape when compared to other things.
proporcjonalnie do
proportion
If something changes in proportion to another thing, it changes to the same degree as that thing.
“Your tax payment increases in proportion to your salary.”
odsetek, procent
percentage
an amount of something, expressed as a number out of 100
“The percentage of women who work has risen steadily.”,
“The percentage of people who are left-handed is small - only about 10%.”
status, sytuacja
status
the position that you have in relation to other people because of your job or social position
“The pay and status of nurses has improved.”
stan, status
status
the legal position of someone or something
“What’s your marital status (= are you married or not)?”
rola
role
the job someone or something has in a particular situation
“This part of the brain plays an important role in learning.”
rola
role
a part in a play or film
“In his latest movie, he plays the role of a violent gangster.”
nakładać
impose
to officially order that a rule, tax, punishment, etc will happen
“to impose a ban/tax “,
“The judge imposed the death penalty on both men.”
narzucać
impose
to force someone to accept a belief or way of living
“I don’t want them to impose their religious beliefs on my children.”
być winnym
owe
to have to pay money back to someone
“You still owe me money.”,
“He owes a lot of money to the bank.”
być komuś winnym przeprosiny/przysługę /drinka itp.
owe
to have to give something to someone because they deserve it
“I think I owe you an apology.”,
“Thanks, I owe you a drink for that.”
zawdzięczać komuś/czemuś swoje istnienie/swój sukces itp.
owe
to have something or achieve something because of someone or something else
“The museum owes much of its success to the present generation of young British artists.”
wydatki
spending
the money that is used for a particular purpose, especially by a government or organization
“government spending on health”,
“spending cuts “
ponieść porażkę , nie udać się, nie powieść się
fail
to not be successful
“Dad’s business failed after just three years.”,
“She keeps failing in her attempt to lose weight.”
nie zrobić czegoś
fail
to not do what is necessary or expected
“John failed to turn up for football practice yesterday.”
nie zdać, oblać
fail
to not pass a test or an exam, or to decide that someone has not passed
“I’m worried about failing my driving test.”
zawodzić, ulegać awarii
fail
to stop working normally, or to become weaker
“Two of the plane’s engines had failed.”,
“My eyesight’s beginning to fail.”
zawodzić
fail
to stop being helpful or useful to someone when they need you
“The government is failing the poor and unemployed.”
nie rozumiem
fail
used to show that you do not accept something
“I fail to see why you cannot work on a Sunday.”
obowiązkowo, na pewno, bez wyjątku
fail
If you do something without fail, you always do it, even when it is difficult.
“I go to the gym every Monday and Thursday without fail.”
tłum
crowd
a large group of people who are together in one place
“A large crowd had gathered to wait for the princess.”,
“Shop early and avoid the crowds.”
krąg
crowd
a group of friends or people with similar interests
“the art/theatre crowd”,
“I don’t know many people in Ellen’s crowd.”
wypełniać
crowd
to stand together in large numbers
“Protesters crowded the streets.”
pchać się na
crowd
to stand too close to someone
“Don’t crowd me!”
prawo, władza
authority
the official power to make decisions or to control other people
“a position of authority “,
“The investigators have the authority to examine all the company’s records.”,
“We need the support of someone in authority.”
władze
authority
an official group or government department with power to control particular public services
“the local housing authority”
autorytet
authority
the quality of being confident and being able to control people
“She has an air of authority.”
autorytet w dziedzinie czegoś
authority
someone who has a lot of knowledge about a particular subject
“She is an authority on seventeenth-century English literature.”
prawdziwy
real
existing and not imagined
“He’s not real you know, he’s just a character in a book.”,
“Romance is never like that in real life.”
prawdziwy
real
true and not pretended
“What was the real reason she didn’t come?”,
“Is that your real name?”
prawdziwy
real
not artificial or false
“real fur/leather”,
“It’s not a toy gun, it’s the real thing.”
prawdziwy
real
used to emphasize a noun
“She was a real help.”
bardzo
real
very
“It’s real easy to get there from here.”
działać, kierować
operating
If an organization or business operates, it is working, and if you operate it, you manage it and make it work.
“Our company is operating under very difficult conditions at present.”
obsługiwać
operating
If a machine operates, it does what it is designed to do, and if you operate it, you make it do what it is designed to do.
“You have to be trained to operate the machinery.”,
“These new sewing machines are easy to operate.”
operować, przeprowadzać operację
operating
to treat an illness or injury by cutting someone’s body and removing or repairing part of it
“I don’t think they’re going to operate.”,
“Did they have to operate on him?”
dyrektor/ka, kierowni-k/czka
manager
someone in control of an office, shop, team, etc
“a sales manager”,
“She’s the manager of the local sports club.”
umierać
die
to stop living
“At least 3,000 people have died in the earthquake.”,
“Many of the refugees died of hunger.”,
“She died from brain injuries after a road accident.”
marzyć o czymś
die
to very much want to have, eat, drink, or do something
“I’m dying for a drink.”,
“Sit down, I’m dying to hear all about it.”
świetny, niesamowity
die
If something is to die for, it is extremely good.
duży
big
large in size or amount
“I come from a big family.”,
“We’re looking for a bigger house.”
wielki
big
important or serious
“Tonight’s big game is between Real Madrid and Manchester United.”,
“Buying that car was a big mistake.”
starsz-y/a brat/siostra
big
your older brother/sister
wielki
big
successful or popular
“The programme’s been a big hit (= very popular) with young children.”
osiągać sukces
big
to become very successful or famous
imponujący
impressive
Someone or something that is impressive makes you admire and respect them.
“an impressive performance/view”
te
these
plural of this
depresja, przygnębienie
depression
the feeling of being very unhappy for a period of time, or a mental illness that makes you feel very unhappy
“Nearly three million people suffer from depression every year.”
kryzys
depression
a time when there is not much business activity
“The stock market crash marked the start of a severe depression.”
niż, depresja
depression
an area where the air pressure is low
posiłek
meal
the time when you eat, or the food that you eat at that time
“a three-course meal”,
“You should come round for a meal sometime.”
pchać, popychać
push
to move someone or something by pressing them with your hands or body
“She pushed the books aside and sat down on my desk.”,
“We pushed the children down the slide.”,
“He pushed me violently out of the door.”,
“Someone pushed him into the river.”
pchać się, przepychać się
push
to move somewhere by moving someone or something away from you
“He pushed past me.”,
“She pushed her way to the front of the crowd.”
naciskać
push
to press something
“If you push this button, your seat goes back.”
domagać się czegoś (od kogoś ), apelować (do kogoś ) o coś
push
to try hard to achieve something or to make someone else do something
“Local residents are pushing for the road to be made safer.”
zmuszać, naciskać na
push
to try to make someone do something that they do not want to do
“My mother pushed me into having ballet lessons.”
zarzynać się, zmuszać się (do ciężkiej pracy )
push
to make yourself work very hard to achieve something
akcja lub kampania na rzecz czegoś
push
a big effort to achieve something or make someone do something
“a push for higher standards in education”
pchnięcie, popchnięcie
push
the act of moving someone or something by pressing them with your hands or body
“She gave him a little push towards the door.”
pozbyć się kogoś , wylać kogoś , zerwać z kimś
push
to get rid of someone from a job or relationship
impuls, motywacja
push
encouragement to make someone do something
“I’m sure he’ll go, he just needs a little push that’s all.”
z trudem
push
If you can do something at a push, you can do it but it will be difficult.
osobny
separate
not joined or touching anything else
“a separate compartment”,
“I try to keep meat separate from other food.”
różny, oddzielny
separate
not affecting or related to each other
“I’ve asked him to turn his music down on three separate occasions.”,
“I have my professional life and my private life and I try to keep them separate.”,
“She prefers to keep her personal and professional lives separate.”
osobny
separate
different
“Use a separate sheet of paper.”
dzielić (się), rozdzielać (się)
separate
to divide into parts, or to make something divide into parts
“I separated the class into three groups.”
rozdzielać (się), oddzielać (się)
separate
to move apart, or to make people move apart
“I shall separate you two if you don’t stop talking.”
rozstać się, rozejść się
separate
to start to live in a different place from your husband or wife because the relationship has ended
“My parents separated when I was four.”
eksplozja, wybuch
explosion
the action of something such as a bomb exploding
“Forty people were killed in the explosion.”
eksplozja, wybuch
explosion
a sudden large increase in the amount of something
“the recent population explosion “
cień
shade
an area where there is no light from the sun and so it is darker and not as hot
“I’d prefer to sit in the shade.”
odcień
shade
a colour, especially when referring to how dark or light it is
“a pale/dark shade of grey”,
“pastel shades”
roleta, abażur, klosz
shade
a cover that stops too much light coming from the sun or from an electric light
“a lampshade”
odrobinę
shade
a small amount
“He’s perhaps a shade taller.”
odcień znaczeniowy/(nieco) odmienny pogląd
shade
a slight difference in the meaning of something
zasłaniać
shade
to cover something in order to protect it from the sun
“He shaded his eyes with his hand.”
badania (naukowe )
researcher
detailed study of a subject in order to discover new information
“research into language development”,
“They are doing research into the effects of passive smoking.”,
“a research project “
prowadzić badania (nad), badać
researcher
to study a subject in detail in order to discover new information about it
“He spent several years researching a rare African dialect.”
fortepian, pianino
piano
a large wooden musical instrument with strings inside and black and white bars that produce sounds when you press them
taki
such
used to refer to something or someone that you were just talking about, or something or someone of that type
“It’s difficult to know how to treat such cases.”
taki
such
used to emphasize a quality of someone or something
“She’s such a nice person.”,
“It’s such a shame that he’s leaving.”
taki jak
such
for example
“She can’t eat dairy products, such as milk and cheese.”
jako taki
such
used after a word or phrase in negative statements to mean in the exact meaning of that word or phrase
“There are no rules as such, just a few guidelines.”
taki … że (aż)
such
used to talk about the result of something
“The whole thing was such a worry that I began to lose sleep over it.”
nie ma …, … nie istnieje
such
used to say that something or someone does not exist
“There’s no such thing as ghosts.”
silnik
engine
the part of a vehicle that uses energy from oil, electricity, or steam to make it move
“a diesel engine”,
“Please turn your engine off while waiting in the queue.”
lokomotywa
engine
the part of a train that pulls it along
mieć nadzieję
hope
to want something to happen or be true
“I hope that the bus won’t be late.”,
“We had hoped for better weather than this.”,
““Do you think it’s going to rain?” “I hope not!””,
““Is he coming?” “I hope so.””
mieć nadzieję na coś
hope
to intend to do something
“Dad hopes to retire next year.”
nadzieja
hope
a positive feeling about the future, or something that you want to happen
“a message full of hope”,
“What are your hopes and dreams for the future?”,
“Don’t give up hope - I’m sure he’ll be fine.”,
“Young people are growing up in our cities without any hope of getting a job.”
czyjaś największa /ostatnia /jedyna nadzieja
hope
the best/last/only person or thing that can help you and make you succeed
“Doctors say his only hope is a transplant.”
w nadziei na/że
hope
because you want something good to happen
“She went to Paris in the hope of improving her French.”,
“They wrote to the Prime Minister in the hope that he would help.”
majątek, bogactwo
wealth
a large amount of money or valuable possessions that someone has
“He enjoyed his new wealth and status.”
mnóstwo czegoś
wealth
a large amount of something good
“a wealth of experience/information”
bezdomny
homeless
without a place to live
“10,000 people were made homeless by the floods.”,
“They’re opening a new shelter for the homeless.”
posiadać
possess
to have or own something
“Certainly, he possesses the skills for the job.”,
“He was found guilty of possessing an illegal weapon.”
co w nią/niego/ciebie itp. wstąpiło ?
possess
something that you say when someone has done something stupid
“What possessed you to tell him?”
komedia
comedy
entertainment such as a film, play, etc that is funny
“The film is a romantic comedy.”
coś, nic (= z przeczeniem)
anything
used in questions and negatives to mean ‘something’
“I don’t have anything to wear.”,
“Can I get you anything?”,
“Was there anything else (= another thing) you wanted to say?”
wszystko, cokolwiek
anything
any object, event, or situation
“We can do anything you like.”,
“Tom will eat anything.”
choć trochę jak, (= z przeczeniem) ani trochę jak
anything
used in questions and negatives to mean ‘at all similar to’
“Does he look anything like his brother?”
ocean, morze
ocean
the sea
“to swim in the ocean”
ocean
ocean
one of the five main areas that the sea is divided into
“the Pacific Ocean”
krowa
cow
a large farm animal kept for milk or meat
krowa
cow
an offensive word for a woman
ogólny
general
not detailed, but including the most basic or necessary information
“These leaflets contain some general information about the school.”,
“I’ve got a general idea of how it works.”
generalny, ogólny
general
relating to or involving all or most people, things, or places
“There seems to be general agreement on this matter.”
ogólny
general
including a lot of things or subjects and not limited to only one or a few
“general knowledge”
ogólnie (biorąc)na ogół
general
considering the whole of someone or something, and not just a particular part of themusually, or in most situations
“I still have a sore throat, but I feel much better in general.”,
“In general, the weather here stays sunny.”
generał
general
an officer of very high rank in the army or air force
mieszka-niec/nka
citizen
someone who lives in a particular town or city
“the citizens of Berlin”
obywatel/ka
citizen
someone who has a legal right to live in a particular country
“My husband became a British citizen in 1984.”
podczas gdy, natomiast
whereas
compared with the fact that
“His parents were rich, whereas mine had to struggle.”
wejście
entrance
a door or other opening that you use to enter a building or place
“They must have used the back entrance to the building.”,
“I’ll meet you at the main entrance.”
wejście
entrance
the time when someone comes into or goes into a place, especially in a way that makes people notice them
“The whole room went quiet when he made his entrance.”
wstęp
entrance
the right to enter a place or to join an organization, college, etc
“Entrance is free, but you have to pay for your drinks.”,
“an entrance examination”
znowu, ponownie
again
once more
“I’ll ask her again.”,
“I’ll see you again next week.”
znowu
again
as before
“Get some rest and you’ll soon be well again.”
w kółko
again
many times
“He played the same song again and again.”
od nowa
again
repeated from the beginning
“We had to start all over again.”
z drugiej strony
again
used when adding a fact to something you have just said
“I failed my history test - but then again, I didn’t do much studying for it.”
kredyt hipoteczny, hipoteka
mortgage
money that you borrow to buy a home
“a monthly mortgage payment”
rozpoznawać, poznawać
recognize
to know someone or something because you have seen or experienced them before
“I recognized her from her picture.”,
“Doctors are trained to recognize the symptoms of disease.”
uznawać
recognize
to accept that something is true or real
“She recognized that she had been partly to blame.”,
“Smoking is recognized as a leading cause of lung cancer.”
wyróżniać, wyrażać uznanie dla
recognize
to officially show respect for someone for an achievement
“He was recognized by the governor for his work with teenagers.”
administracja
administration
the work of organizing and arranging the operation of something, such as a company
“The job involves a lot of administration.”
rząd, administracja
administration
the President and politicians who govern a country at a particular time, or a period of government
“the Obama administration”
bogaty, zamożny
wealthy
rich
“a wealthy businessman/nation”,
“Only the very wealthy can afford to live here.”
inwestować
invest
to give money to a bank, business, etc, or buy something, because you hope to get a profit
“He’s invested over a million euros in the city’s waterfront restoration project.”
inwestować, poświęcać
invest
to use a lot of time, effort, or emotions because you want to succeed
“I think she invests too much time and energy in her career.”
strzelać, pękać
pop
to make a short sound like a small explosion, or to make something do this by breaking it
“The music played and champagne corks popped.”
wskoczyć/wyskoczyć/wpaść itp.
pop
to go to a particular place
“Doug’s just popped out for a few minutes.”,
“I’ll pop into the supermarket on my way home.”
wrzucić/rzucić coś gdzieś
pop
to quickly put something in a particular place
“Can you pop the pizza in the oven?”
wyskoczyć
pop
to move quickly and suddenly, especially out of something
(muzyka) pop
pop
modern music with a strong beat which is popular with young people
huk
pop
a short sound like a small explosion
napój gazowany
pop
a sweet drink with bubbles
tata
pop
father
poważny
serious
A serious problem or situation is bad and makes people worry.
“a serious accident/illness”,
“This is a serious matter.”
poważny
serious
thinking or speaking sincerely about something and not joking
“I’m being serious now - this is a very real problem.”,
“Are you serious about changing your job?”
poważny
serious
A serious person is quiet and does not laugh often.
“a serious child”,
“You look very serious - is something wrong?”
fan/ka, wielbiciel/ka
fan
someone who admires and supports a famous person, sport, type of music, etc
“More than 15,000 Liverpool fans attended Saturday’s game.”,
“He’s a big fan of country music.”
wentylator, wachlarz
fan
something that is used to move the air around so that it feels cooler, such as a machine or an object that you wave with your hand
“an electric fan”
wachlować, ochładzać
fan
to move the air around with a fan or something used like a fan, to make it feel cooler
“The spectators sat in the bright sun, fanning themselves with newspapers.”
kara
punishment
something that is done to punish someone
“He had to stay in his bedroom as a punishment for fighting.”
mądrość
wisdom
the ability to use your knowledge and experience to make good decisions and judgments
słuszność czegoś
wisdom
If you doubt the wisdom of something, you think it is probably not a good plan.
“Many people have questioned the wisdom of spending so much money on weapons.”
deficyt
deficit
the amount by which the money that you spend is more than the money that you receive
“a budget deficit “
dowodzić
demonstrate
to show or prove that something exists or is true
“The survey clearly demonstrates that tourism can have positive benefits.”,
“These problems demonstrate the importance of planning.”
demonstrować, pokazywać
demonstrate
to show someone how to do something, or how something works
“She demonstrated how to use the new software.”
wykazywać, demonstrować
demonstrate
to express or show that you have a feeling, quality, or ability
“He has demonstrated a genuine interest in the project.”
demonstrować
demonstrate
to march or stand with a group of people to show that you disagree with or support someone or something
“Thousands of people gathered to demonstrate against the new proposals.”
miękki
soft
not hard, and easy to press
“a soft cushion”,
“Cook the onion until it’s soft.”
delikatny, miękki
soft
smooth and pleasant to touch
“soft hair/skin”
cichy
soft
A soft sound is very quiet.
“He spoke in a soft voice.”
delikatny, łagodny
soft
A soft colour or light is not bright.
“soft lilac paint”
pobłażliwy, łagodny
soft
too kind and not angry enough when someone does something wrong
“The kids are naughty because she’s too soft on them.”
miękki
soft
Soft drugs are illegal drugs that some people think are not dangerous.
czynnik
factor
one of the things that has an effect on a particular situation, decision, event, etc
“Money was an important factor in their decision to move.”
podzielnik
factor
a number that another larger number can be divided by exactly
“5 is a factor of 10.”
osoba
person
a human being
“You’re the only person I know here.”,
“He is a very dangerous person.”
osobiście
person
If you do something in person, you go somewhere to do it yourself.
“If you can’t be there in person the next best thing is watching it on TV.”
(być) może
perhaps
possibly
“Perhaps I’ll go to the gym after work.”,
“Ben won’t be coming but perhaps it’s better that way.”
może
perhaps
used when you want to suggest or ask someone something
“Perhaps you should leave now.”
obserwować, oglądać
watch
to look at something for a period of time
“I watched him as he arrived.”,
“The kids are watching TV.”,
“I want to watch the news (= programme on television).”
być ostrożnym , uważać (na)
watch
to be careful about something
“She has to watch what she eats.”,
“Watch how you cross the road!”
obserwować, śledzić
watch
to give attention to a situation that is changing
“We’ll be watching the case with interest.”
zegarek
watch
a small clock on a strap that you fasten round your wrist (= lower arm)
“I don’t wear a watch.”
uwaga
watch
If you keep a watch on something or someone, you watch or give attention to them, especially to make sure nothing bad happens.
“We’re keeping a close watch on the situation.”
miasteczko uniwersyteckie , kampus
campus
the land and buildings belonging to a college or university
“I lived on campus in my first year.”
linia lotnicza
airline
a company that provides regular flights to places
sygnał, znak
signal
a movement, light, or sound that gives information, or tells people what to do
“At a signal from their teacher, the children all held up their flags.”,
“Don’t move until I give the signal.”
sygnał
signal
a series of electrical waves that are sent to a radio, television, or mobile phone
oznaka
signal
something that shows that something else exists or is likely to happen
“The changing colour of the leaves on the trees is a signal that it will soon be autumn.”
semafor
signal
a piece of equipment that tells trains to stop or to continue
światła
signal
a piece of equipment that shows people or vehicles when to stop, go, or move carefully
“a traffic signal “
dawać znak
signal
to make a movement that gives information or tells people what to do
“He signalled for them to be quiet.”,
“He signalled the driver to stop.”
zasygnalizować
signal
to show that you intend or are ready to do something
“The US signalled that they were ready to enter talks.”
obowiązek
duty
something you must do because it is morally or legally right
“a moral duty “,
“Rail companies have a duty to provide safe transport.”
obowiązek
duty
something you do as part of your job or because of your position
“professional/official duties”
na/po służbie , na dyżurze /nie na dyżurze
duty
If a doctor, police officer, etc is on duty, they are working, and if they are off duty, they are not working.
“I’m on duty tomorrow night.”
cło
duty
tax that you pay on something you buy
inwazja, najazd
invasion
an occasion when an army enters a country by force in order to take control of it
naruszenie prywatności
invasion
becoming involved in someone’s private life when they do not want you to
liczny
numerous
many
“He is the author of numerous articles.”
świadek
witness
someone in a court of law who says what they have seen and what they know about a crime
“The witness was called to the stand.”
świadek
witness
someone who sees an accident or crime
“Police are appealing for witnesses to the shooting.”
świadek
witness
someone who signs their name on an official document to say that they were present when someone else signed it
być świadkiem
witness
to see something happen, especially an accident or crime
“Did anyone witness the attack?”
poświadczać
witness
to sign your name on an official document to say that you were present when someone else signed it
rosnący
growing
increasing
“A growing number of people are choosing to live alone.”
głodny
hungry
wanting or needing food
“I’m hungry. What’s for supper?”,
“If you get hungry, there’s some food in the fridge.”
głodować
hungry
to not have enough food to eat
“In an ideal world, nobody should go hungry.”
łaknąć lub pragnąć czegoś
hungry
to have a strong wish for something
“The journalists were hungry for more details of the accident.”
opis
description
something that tells you what someone or something is like
“I gave the police a description of the stolen jewellery.”
wszelkiego /każdego /jakiegoś rodzaju
description
of any/every/some type
“They sell plants of every description.”
bar
bar
a place where alcoholic drinks are sold and drunk, or the area behind the person serving the drinks
“I met him in a bar in Soho.”
tabliczka, sztaba
bar
a small block of something solid
“a chocolate bar”,
“gold bars”
pręt, krata
bar
a long, thin piece of metal or wood
“There were bars on the downstairs windows.”
przeszkoda
bar
something that prevents you doing something or having something
“Lack of money should not be a bar to a good education.”
takt
bar
one of the short, equal groups of notes that a piece of music is divided into
“The band played the first few bars.”
mierzeja
bar
a long area of sand, soil, or stones in the sea but close to land or joining two pieces of land
adwokatura
bar
lawyers thought of as a group
“Haughey was called to the bar (= became a lawyer) in 1949.”
zabraniać
bar
to officially prevent someone from doing something or going somewhere, or to prevent something from happening
“The court barred him from contacting his former wife.”,
“The government barred demonstrations during the state visit.”
zagradzać
bar
to stop someone going into a place
“A line of policemen barred the entrance to the camp.”
zaryglować
bar
to close and lock a door or gate
oprócz
bar
except
“I’ve read all her books, bar one.”
bez wyjątku
bar
used to emphasize that someone or something is the best
“the best suspense writer going, bar none”
biegać, biec
run
to move on your feet at a faster speed than walking
“He can run very fast.”,
“He ran away when I tried to pick him up.”,
“We had to run to catch up with him.”,
“I run about three miles every morning.”
prowadzić
run
to organize or control something
“She ran her own restaurant for five years.”
podrzucić kogoś/coś
run
to take someone or something somewhere, usually by car
“Could you run me to the station this afternoon?”
chodzić, pracować, działać
run
If a piece of equipment is running, it is switched on and working, and if you run it, you switch it on and make it work.
“The engine is running more smoothly now.”
uruchamiać, zapuszczać
run
If you run a computer program, you use it on your computer.
“Did you run a virus check this morning?”
kursować
run
If trains or buses are running, they are available to travel on.
“The buses only run until 11 p.m.”
ciec, płynąć
run
If liquid runs somewhere, it flows.
“Tears ran down her face.”,
“Have you got a tissue? My nose is running (= liquid is coming out of it).”
publikować, drukować
run
to publish something in a newspaper or magazine
“All the papers are running this story on the front page.”
napuścić wody do wanny , przygotować kąpiel
run
to fill a bath with water so that it is ready to use
przesuwać coś przez coś /po czymś itp.
run
to move something along, over, or through something else
“She ran her fingers through her hair.”
ciągnąć się lub prowadzić przez/do/wzdłuż itp.
run
If something long and narrow runs somewhere, it is in that position.
“There are wires running across the floor.”,
“The road runs parallel to the railway line.”
nie schodzić z ekranów lub afisza , trwać
run
If a play, film, etc runs for a period of time, it continues that long.
“The play ran for five months before moving to the West End.”
być cechą rodzinną
run
If a quality, ability, disease, etc runs in the family, many members of the family have it.
“A love of animals runs in our family.”
puszczać, farbować
run
If a colour runs, it comes out of some material when it is washed.
kształtować się na poziomie czegoś , wynosić ileś
run
to be at a particular level
“Inflation is now running at 5.8%.”
bieg
run
the activity of running for a period of time
“to go for a run “
punkt
run
in cricket or baseball, a single point
“to score a run”
próba, symulacja
run
an occasion when you do something to practise it before the real time
seria czegoś , ciąg czegoś
run
several things of the same type that happen without something different happening during that period
“a run of 10 games without a win”,
“a run of good/bad luck “
okres wystawiania lub grania
run
a period of performances of a play, film, etc
być na wolności
run
to be trying to avoid being caught, especially by the police
rzucić się do ucieczki
run
to suddenly run fast in order to escape from somewhere
przychodzić, przyjeżdżać
come
to move or travel towards a person who is speaking or towards the place that they are speaking about
"Come and see what I've done.", "Can you come to my party?", "She came in the evening.", "The rain came down heavily.", "Here comes Adam (= Adam is coming)."
przychodzić, przyjeżdżać
come
to arrive somewhere or go to a place
"I'll come and see you later.", "I've come to see Mr Curtis.", "I've come about the job.", "Has the paper come yet?", "Dad will come for you at six.", "We came to a crossroads."
iść
come
to go somewhere with the person who is speaking
“Come for a walk with us.”,
“We’re going to the cinema. Do you want to come?”
być po/pierwszym /ostatnim itp. , uplasować się za kimś/czymś /na pierwszej /na ostatniej itp. pozycji
come
to have or achieve a particular position in a race, competition, list, etc
“Our team came third.”,
“Sunday comes after Saturday.”
sięgać do/po itp.
come
to reach a particular length, height, or depth
“The water came up to my waist.”
rozpadać się/odpadać itp.
come
to become separated or removed from something
“The book came apart in my hands.”,
“The handle came off.”,
“My shoelaces have come undone.”,
“The door came open.”
łatwo przychodzić
come
to be very easy for someone
“Singing came naturally to Louise.”
przychodzić, nadchodzić
come
to happen
“Spring has come early.”,
“The worst problems are still to come.”,
“I’ve finished cleaning the bathroom. What comes next?”
czemu, dlaczego
come
used to ask why or how something has happened
“How come you didn’t go to the party?”
(szybko) przechodzić
come
to exist or happen somewhere for a short time and then go away
“The feeling of nausea comes and goes.”
być dostępnym
come
to be available in a particular size, colour, etc
“The table comes in three different sizes.”,
“Furniture like this doesn’t come cheap.”
zaczynać coś robić
come
to start to do something
“I have come to rely on acupuncture.”,
“This place has come to be known as ‘Pheasant Corner’.”
jeśli chodzi o coś
come
used to introduce a new idea that you want to say something about
“When it comes to baking cakes, she’s an expert.”
ale przecież, w zasadzie (to)
come
used to say that you have just thought of something
“Come to think of it, there are two batteries that you can have upstairs.”
DNA
DNA
abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid; a chemical in the cells of living things that contains genetic information
zdolność, umiejętność
faculty
a natural ability to hear, see, think, move, etc
“After her stroke, my mother lost many of her faculties.”
wydział lub pracownicy wydziału filologii angielskiej /prawa /nauk ścisłych itp.
faculty
a particular department at a college or university, or the teachers in that department
grono nauczycielskie , pracownicy (naukowi )
faculty
all of the teachers at a school or college
