Deck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

rada, Rada

A

council

a group of people who are elected to control a town, city, or area

“Edinburgh City Council”,
“a council meeting”

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2
Q

rada, Rada

A

council

a group of people who are elected or chosen to give advice or make decisions

“the Medical Research Council”

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3
Q

budynek/mieszkanie komunaln-y/e

A

council

in the UK a house or flat that is owned by a city or town council and rented to people

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4
Q

fabuła

A

plot

the things that happen in a story

“I don’t like movies with complicated plots.”

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5
Q

spisek

A

plot

a plan to do something bad

“a plot to blow up the embassy”

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6
Q

działka

A

plot

a piece of land, often for growing food or for building on

“a building plot”

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7
Q

knuć, spiskować

A

plot

to plan to do something bad

“They plotted to bring down the government.”,
“He fired all those accused of plotting against him.”

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8
Q

wykreślać, nanosić

A

plot

to make marks on a map, picture, etc to show the position or development of something

“This chart plots the position of all aircraft.”

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9
Q

wzrokowy, wizualny

A

visual

relating to seeing

“The film has some powerful visual effects.”

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10
Q

opierać się

A

resist

to stop yourself from doing something that you want to do

“I can’t resist chocolate.”,
“I just can’t resist reading other people’s mail.”

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11
Q

opierać się

A

resist

to refuse to accept something and try to stop it from happening

“The President is resisting calls for him to resign.”

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12
Q

stawiać opór

A

resist

to fight against someone or something that is attacking you

“British troops resisted the attack for two days.”

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13
Q

przedsięwzięcie

A

venture

a new activity that may not be successful

“a business venture “

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14
Q

odważyć się wejść/wyjść itp.

A

venture

to leave a safe place and go somewhere that may involve risks

“If the snow stops I might venture out.”

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15
Q

zaryzykować, odważyć się, ośmielić się

A

venture

to be brave enough to say something that might be criticized

“I didn’t dare venture an opinion.”

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16
Q

budować

A

build

to make something by putting materials and parts together

“build a house/wall”,
“The bridge is built of steel and aluminium.”,
“They’re starting to build on that stretch of land.”

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17
Q

budować

A

build

to create and develop something over a long time

“They have built a solid friendship over the years.”

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18
Q

budowa

A

build

the size and shape of a person’s body

“He’s of medium build with short brown hair.”

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19
Q

składać się na, ≈ składać się z

A

compose

to be the parts that something consists of

“The committee was composed of elected leaders and citizens.”

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20
Q

komponować

A

compose

to write a piece of music

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21
Q

uspokoić się

A

compose

to make yourself calm again after being angry or upset

“He needed some time to compose himself.”

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22
Q

układać

A

compose

to write a speech, letter, etc, thinking carefully about the words to use

“Laura was composing a letter of sympathy.”

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23
Q

przedstawiciel, dealer

A

dealer

a person or company that buys and sells things for profit

“a car dealer “,
“a drug dealer “

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24
Q

rozdający

A

dealer

a person who gives out cards to players in a game

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25
Q

zbiorowy

A

collective

involving, felt by, or owned by everyone in a group

“collective responsibility”

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26
Q

spółdzielnia

A

collective

a business that is owned and controlled by the people who work in it

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27
Q

porozumiewać się, przekazywać

A

communicate

to share information with others by speaking, writing, moving your body, or using other signals

“We can now communicate instantly with people on the other side of the world.”,
“Has the news been communicated to the staff yet?”

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28
Q

dogadywać się, wyrażać

A

communicate

to talk about your thoughts and feelings, and help other people to understand them

“He can’t communicate with his parents.”

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29
Q

lekcja

A

lesson

a period of time when a teacher teaches people

“The best way to improve your game is to take lessons.”,
“She gives French lessons.”,
“Lessons start at 9 a.m.”

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30
Q

lekcja

A

lesson

an experience that teaches you how to behave better in a similar situation in the future

“My parents made me pay back all the money, and it was a lesson I never forgot.”

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31
Q

arabski

A

Arab

relating or belonging to the people of the Middle East or North Africa whose families came from Arabia in the past

“Arab countries”

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32
Q

kryzys

A

crisis

a situation or time that is extremely dangerous or difficult

“an economic/financial crisis”,
“The country’s leadership is in crisis.”

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33
Q

córka

A

daughter

your female child

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34
Q

gonić

A

chase

to run after someone or something in order to catch them

“The dog was chasing a rabbit.”

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35
Q

odpędzać kogoś/coś , odganiać kogoś/coś

A

chase

to run after a person or animal to make them leave a place

“I chased the cat away.”

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36
Q

polować na

A

chase

to try very hard to get something

“There are hundreds of graduates chasing very few jobs.”

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37
Q

pościg

A

chase

an occasion when you go after someone or something quickly in order to catch them

“a high speed car chase “

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38
Q

ruszyć w pościg

A

chase

to go after someone or something quickly in order to catch them

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39
Q

okres

A

period

a length of time

“a 24-hour period”,
“a period of four months”

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40
Q

godzina (lekcyjna), część

A

period

one of the equal parts of time that a school day or sports game is divided into

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41
Q

okres, miesiączka

A

period

the time each month when blood comes out of a woman’s uterus

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42
Q

kropka

A

period

a mark (.) used at the end of a sentence, or to show that the letters before it are an abbreviation

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43
Q

reagować, odpowiadać

A

respond

to say or do something as an answer or reaction to something that has been said or done

“The government has responded by sending food and medical supplies to the region.”,
“How quickly did the police respond to the call?”

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44
Q

reagować

A

respond

to improve as the result of a particular medical treatment

“She’s responding well to drug treatment.”

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45
Q

kopia

A

copy

something that is made to look exactly like something else

“Always make copies of important documents.”

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46
Q

egzemplarz

A

copy

a single book, newspaper, etc of which many have been produced

“a copy of the New York Times”,
“Four million copies of the book were sold in the first year.”

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47
Q

kopiować

A

copy

to produce something that is similar or exactly the same as something else

“Copy the file onto disk.”,
“The design was copied from the American model.”

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48
Q

naśladować

A

copy

to behave like someone else

“He likes to copy his older brother.”

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49
Q

odpisywać

A

copy

to cheat by looking at and using someone else’s work

“She copied his answers.”

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50
Q

więź

A

bond

an interest, experience, or feeling that makes two people feel connected

“A love of opera created a bond between them.”

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51
Q

obligacja

A

bond

an official document from a government or company to show that you have given them money that they will pay back with a certain amount of extra money

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52
Q

wiązanie

A

bond

the way two atoms are joined together in a chemical compound

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53
Q

wiązać

A

bond

If two things bond, they stick together, or if you bond them, you make them stick together.

“This glue bonds wood and metal in seconds.”

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54
Q

wytwarzać więź

A

bond

to develop a strong relationship with someone

“Physical contact helps a mother bond with her baby.”

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55
Q

specjalist-a/ka

A

specialist

someone who has a lot of experience, knowledge, or skill in a particular subject

“a cancer/software specialist”,
“He’s a specialist in childhood illnesses.”,
“specialist advice/help”

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56
Q

wyrobiony

A

sophisticated

well-educated and having experience of the world or knowledge of culture

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57
Q

skomplikowany

A

sophisticated

A sophisticated machine or system is very advanced and works in a clever way.

“a sophisticated computer system”

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58
Q

kwadrat

A

square

a shape with four equal sides and four 90° angles

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59
Q

plac

A

square

an open area with buildings around it, often in the centre of a town

“Trafalgar Square”

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60
Q

kwadrat, druga potęga

A

square

a number that results from multiplying a number by itself

“The square of 3 is 9.”

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61
Q

kwadratowy, kanciasty

A

square

having the shape of a square

“a square room”,
“He has broad shoulders and a square jaw.”

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62
Q

centymetr/metr/mila itp. kwadratow-y/a

A

square

the area of a square with sides that are a centimetre/metre/mile, etc long

“3000 square feet of office space”

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63
Q

2/3/4 itp. do kwadratu

A

square

2/3/4, etc multiplied by itself

“Four squared is sixteen.”

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64
Q

reklama

A

advertising

the business of trying to persuade people to buy products or services

“an advertising agency “,
“She works in advertising.”

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65
Q

biologiczny

A

biological

relating to the study of living things such as plants and animals

“biological sciences”

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66
Q

biologiczny

A

biological

using living things or poisons made from living things

“biological weapons”

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67
Q

brytyjski

A

British

relating to Great Britain or the United Kingdom

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68
Q

Brytyjczycy

A

British

the people of Great Britain or the United Kingdom

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69
Q

uczestniczyć

A

participation

to be involved with other people in an activity

“She rarely participates in any of the discussions.”

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70
Q

porównywać

A

compare

to examine the ways in which two people or things are different or similar

“The teachers are always comparing me with/to my sister.”

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71
Q

wypadać

A

compare

to be as good as something else

“This product compares well with more expensive brands.”

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72
Q

w porównaniu do kogoś/czegoś /z kimś/czymś

A

compare

used when saying how one person or thing is different from another

“This room is very tidy compared to mine.”

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73
Q

sofa, kanapa

A

couch

a long, comfortable piece of furniture that two or more people can sit on

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74
Q

być napisanym lub wyrażonym jakoś

A

couch

to be expressed in a particular way

“His explanation was couched in technical language.”

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75
Q

telewizor

A

television

a piece of equipment, with a screen on the front, used for watching programmes

“Richard switched the television on.”

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76
Q

telewizja

A

television

the programmes that are shown on a television

“I mostly watch television in the evening.”,
“I saw it on television.”,
“a television programme “

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77
Q

telewizja

A

television

the system or business of making and broadcasting programmes for television

“She works in television.”,
“a television company/network”

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78
Q

odwracać się

A

turn

to move your body so that you are facing a different direction

“Ricky turned and saw Sue standing in the doorway.”

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79
Q

skręcać

A

turn

to change direction when you are moving, or to make a car do this

“Turn left at the traffic lights.”,
“I turned the car into the drive.”

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80
Q

odwracać

A

turn

to move something round so that it faces a different direction

“Ella turned the cup to hide the crack in it.”

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81
Q

obracać (się)

A

turn

to move around a central point in a circle, or to make something do this

“Turn the steering wheel as quickly as you can.”

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82
Q

sinieć/stygnąć/kwaśnieć itp.

A

turn

to become blue, cold, etc

“The sky turned black and it started to rain.”

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83
Q

skończyć 16/21 itp. lat

A

turn

to become a particular age

“He turned 18 last May.”

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84
Q

przewracać kartkę lub stronę

A

turn

to move a page in a book or magazine in order to see the next one

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85
Q

kolej

A

turn

the time when you can or must do something, usually before or after someone else

“It’s your turn to feed the rabbit - I did it yesterday.”,
“You’ll have to be patient and wait your turn.”

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86
Q

zmieniać się

A

turn

If two or more people take turns, one person does something, then another person does something, etc.

“They all took turns carrying the suitcase.”,
“The children took it in turns to hold the baby.”

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87
Q

kolejno, po kolei

A

turn

one after another

“He spoke to the three boys in turn.”

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88
Q

skręt

A

turn

a change in the direction in which you are moving or facing

“a right/left turn “

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89
Q

zakręt

A

turn

a bend or corner in a road, river, etc

“Take the next turn on the right.”

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90
Q

rozwój wydarzeń

A

turn

the way in which a situation develops, especially a sudden or unexpected change

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91
Q

zmieniać się na lepsze /gorsze

A

turn

to become better or worse suddenly

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92
Q

zrobić komuś przysługę

A

turn

to do something to help someone

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93
Q

przełom wieku

A

turn

the start of a new century

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94
Q

cotygodniowy, co tydzień

A

weekly

happening once a week or every week

“a weekly newspaper”,
“We’re paid weekly.”

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95
Q

amerykański

A

American

relating to the United States of America

“an American accent”

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96
Q

północnoamerykański/południowoamerykański

A

American

relating to one or more of the countries of North/South America

“the North American Free Trade agreement”

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97
Q

konkurs, rywalizacja

A

contest

a competition or election

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98
Q

zaskarżyć, odwołać się od

A

contest

to say formally that something is wrong or unfair and try to have it changed

“Mr Hughes went back to court to contest the verdict.”

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99
Q

walczyć o

A

contest

to compete for something

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100
Q

twórczy

A

creative

good at thinking of new ideas or using imagination to create new and unusual things

“Her book is full of creative ways to decorate your home.”

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101
Q

wieś, wioska

A

village

a place where people live in the countryside that includes buildings such as shops and a school but which is smaller than a town

“She lives in a small village outside Oxford.”,
“a village shop”

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102
Q

zwyczajny, zwykły

A

ordinary

not special, different, or unusual in any way

“ordinary life”,
“an ordinary day”,
“I had a very ordinary childhood.”

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103
Q

zwykły

A

ordinary

Ordinary people are not rich or famous and do not have special skills.

“ordinary people/citizens”,
“an ordinary man/woman”

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104
Q

niezwykły

A

ordinary

unusual or different

“Their relationship was a little out of the ordinary.”,
“The investigation revealed nothing out of the ordinary.”

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105
Q

aktualny, obecny, bieżący

A

currently

happening or existing now

“What is your current address?”,
“the current issue of Newsweek magazine”

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106
Q

prąd

A

currently

the natural flow of air or water in one direction

“a current of air”,
“dangerous/strong currents”

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107
Q

prąd

A

currently

the flow of electricity through a wire

“an electrical current”

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108
Q

żałować, że nie …, szkoda, że nie …, woleć, żeby …

A

wish

to want a situation that is different from the one that exists

“I wish that I didn’t have to go to work.”,
“I wish he would leave.”,
“I wish I had been there.”

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109
Q

życzyć sobie lub chcieć coś zrobić

A

wish

to want to do something

“I wish to speak to the manager.”

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110
Q

życzyć komuś szczęścia /sukcesów itp.

A

wish

to say that you hope someone will be lucky/successful, etc

“I wished him luck for his test.”

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111
Q

niestety nie!, ba!

A

wish

used to say that you would like something to be true although you know it is not true

"”Have your exams finished yet?” “I wish!””

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112
Q

życzenie

A

wish

what you want to do or what you want to happen

“The hospital always tries to respect the wishes of its patients.”,
“I have no wish to travel the world.”

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113
Q

życzenie

A

wish

something that you say secretly to yourself about what you want to have or happen

“She closed her eyes and made a wish.”

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114
Q

pozdrowienia

A

wish

something you say or write at the end of a letter, to show that you hope someone is happy and has good luck

“Please give her my best wishes when you see her.”

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115
Q

publiczność, widownia

A

audience

the people who sit and watch a performance at a theatre, cinema, etc

“There were a lot of children in the audience.”

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116
Q

publiczność, odbiorcy

A

audience

the type of people who watch a particular TV show, read a particular book, etc

“This magazine is aimed at a teenage audience.”

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117
Q

audiencja

A

audience

a formal meeting with an important person

“an audience with the Queen”

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118
Q

dziesięć minut /sześć lat /dawno temu

A

ago

used to refer to a time in the past

“They moved to New York ten years ago.”,
“I went to China a long time ago.”

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119
Q

bawełna

A

cotton

cloth or thread that is produced from the cotton plant

“a cotton shirt/dress”

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120
Q

bawełna

A

cotton

a plant that produces a soft, white substance used for making thread and cloth

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121
Q

wata

A

cotton

a soft mass of cotton, usually used for cleaning your skin

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122
Q

określać, ustalać

A

determine

to discover the facts or truth about something

“The doctors are still unable to determine what is wrong.”

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123
Q

decydować, rozstrzygać

A

determine

to decide what will happen

“Her exam results will determine which university she goes to.”

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124
Q

wiara, przekonanie

A

belief

something that you believe is true or real

“It is a widely-held belief that smoking helps you lose weight.”,
“She married him in the belief that he would change.”

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125
Q

przekonanie, wierzenie

A

belief

an idea that you are certain is true

“religious/political beliefs “

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126
Q

wiara

A

belief

the feeling that someone or something is effective or right

“a belief in social justice”

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127
Q

niewiarygodny

A

belief

too bad, good, difficult, etc to be real

“The evil of this man is beyond belief.”

128
Q

załoga

A

crew

the people who work together on a ship, aircraft, or train

“a crew member”

129
Q

ekipa

A

crew

a team of people with special skills who work together

“Fire and ambulance crews were at the scene.”

130
Q

uzyskać, otrzymać

A

obtain

to get something

“to obtain permission”,
“He obtained a law degree from the University of California.”

131
Q

ilość, kwota

A

amount

how much there is of something

“The project will take a huge amount of time and money.”

132
Q

nowy

A

new

different from before

“I need some new shoes.”,
“Have you met Fiona’s new boyfriend?”,
“He’s starting his new job on Monday.”,
“We’re always looking for new ways to improve our services.”

133
Q

nowy

A

new

recently made

“Their house is quite new - it’s about five years old.”,
“The factory will provide hundreds of new jobs for the area.”,
“The appearance of new products on the market has increased competition.”

134
Q

nowy

A

new

not known before

“to discover a new gene/star”

135
Q

być dla kogoś nowym

A

new

If a situation or activity is new to you, you have not had experience of it before.

“You’ll have to be patient, this is all new to me.”

136
Q

być nowym w czymś lub gdzieś , dopiero zaczynać coś robić

A

new

If you are new to a situation or activity, you have only recently started experiencing it.

“I’m new to the job.”,
“They’re new to the area.”

137
Q

waga

A

weight

how heavy someone or something is

“He’s about average height and weight.”

138
Q

tracić na wadze

A

weight

If someone loses weight, they become lighter and thinner.

“I need to lose a bit of weight.”

139
Q

przybierać na wadze

A

weight

If someone puts on weight or gains weight, they become heavier and fatter.

140
Q

ciężar

A

weight

the quality of being heavy

“The shelf collapsed under the weight of the books.”

141
Q

ciężar

A

weight

something that is heavy

“You’re not supposed to lift heavy weights after an operation.”

142
Q

niebo

A

sky

the area above the Earth where you can see clouds, the sun, the moon, etc

“a beautiful, blue sky”,
“The sky suddenly went dark.”

143
Q

terroryst-a/ka

A

terrorist

someone who is involved in terrorism

“a terrorist attack “

144
Q

mistrz/yni

A

champion

a person, animal, or team that wins a competition

“a boxing champion”,
“the world champions “

145
Q

obroń-ca/czyni

A

champion

someone who supports, defends, or fights for a person, belief, or principle

“a champion of human rights”

146
Q

bronić, walczyć o

A

champion

to support, defend, or fight for a person, belief, or principle

“She championed the cause of free speech.”

147
Q

niebezpieczeństwo

A

danger

the possibility that someone or something will be harmed or killed, or that something bad will happen

“the dangers of rock climbing”,
“The soldiers were in serious danger.”,
“We were in danger of missing our flight.”

148
Q

niebezpieczeństwo, zagrożenie

A

danger

something or someone that may harm you

“Icy roads are a danger to drivers.”

149
Q

okazja, możliwość

A

opportunity

a situation in which it is possible for you to do something, or a possibility of doing something

“a unique opportunity “,
“a golden (= very good) opportunity “,
“Everyone will have an opportunity to comment.”,
“There are plenty of opportunities for research.”,
“Don’t miss this opportunity to win a million pounds.”,
“She talks about her boyfriend at every opportunity .”,
“We don’t get much opportunity to go dancing these days.”

150
Q

możliwość

A

opportunity

the chance to get a job

“opportunities for young graduates”,
“job/employment opportunities “

151
Q

skorzystać z (tej ) okazji , aby coś zrobić

A

opportunity

to use an occasion to do or say something

“I’d like to take this opportunity to thank all of you.”

152
Q

wyjeżdżać, wychodzić

A

leave

to go away from a place or a situation, either permanently or for a temporary period

“I’m leaving work early this afternoon.”,
“What time does the bus leave?”,
“They left for Paris last night.”,
““Does Trevor still work there?” “No, he left” (= he does not work there now).”,
“She left school at 16.”

153
Q

opuszczać, odchodzić

A

leave

to end a relationship with a husband, wife, or partner and stop living with them

“I’ll never leave you.”,
“She left him for a younger man.”

154
Q

zostawiać

A

leave

to not take something with you when you go away from a place, either intentionally or by accident

“Why don’t you leave your jacket in the car?”,
“She’d left a note for him in the kitchen.”,
“That’s the second umbrella I’ve left on the train!”

155
Q

zostawiać, pozostawiać

A

leave

to not use all of something

“They’d drunk all the wine but they’d left some food.”,
“Are there any biscuits left?”

156
Q

zostawiać, pozostawiać

A

leave

to make a permanent mark

“The operation may leave a scar.”

157
Q

zostawiać coś otwarte/włączone/wyłączone itp.

A

leave

to make something stay in a particular condition

“Who left the window open?”

158
Q

zostawiać

A

leave

to do something later that you could do immediately

“Don’t leave your packing till the night before you go.”

159
Q

zapisywać, zostawiać

A

leave

to arrange for someone to receive something after you die

“His aunt left him a lot of money.”,
“He left the house to Julia.”

160
Q

zostawiać kogoś w spokoju

A

leave

to stop speaking to or annoying someone

“Leave me alone! I’m trying to work.”

161
Q

zostawiać coś w spokoju

A

leave

to stop touching something

“Leave your hair alone!”

162
Q

urlop

A

leave

a period of time when you do not go to work

“She’s on maternity/sick leave.”

163
Q

teraz, obecnie

A

now

at the present time

“She’s finished her degree and now she teaches English.”,
“Do you know where Eva is right now (= at this moment)?”

164
Q

teraz, w tej chwili

A

now

immediately

“Come on, Andreas, we’re going home now.”,
“I don’t want to wait - I want it now!”

165
Q

obecnie, w tej chwili

A

now

used to show the length of time that something has been happening, from the time it began until the present

“I’ve lived in Canada for two years now.”

166
Q

cóż, no (więc)

A

now

used when you start to tell someone something

“Now, I have been to Glasgow many times before.”,
“Now then, would anyone else like to ask a question?”

167
Q

przed chwilą , właśnie

A

now

a very short time ago

“When I came in just now, everyone was laughing.”,
“Who was that woman who was speaking just now?”

168
Q

od czasu do czasu

A

now

If something happens now and then, it happens sometimes but not very often.

“I love chocolate, but I only eat it now and then.”

169
Q

w każdej chwili

A

now

used to say that something will happen very soon

“We’re expecting our second child any day now.”

170
Q

teraz (jak), jak już

A

now

as a result of a new situation

“Now that I’ve got a car I can visit her more often.”,
“You should help in the house more, now you’re older.”

171
Q

teraz, chwila obecna

A

now

the present time or moment

“Now isn’t a good time to speak to him.”,
“She’d kept calm until now.”,
“I’ll be more careful from now on (= from this moment and always in the future).”

172
Q

mały

A

little

small in size or amount

“a little bag/box/town”,
“She’s so little.”,
“It costs as little as one dollar.”,
“I might have a little bit of cake.”

173
Q

mały

A

little

short in time or distance

“Sit down for a little while.”,
“Let’s have a little break.”

174
Q

mały, drobny

A

little

not important

“It’s only a little problem.”,
“I’m having a little trouble with my back.”

175
Q

mały, młodszy

A

little

young and small

“She was my little sister and I looked after her.”

176
Q

mały, mało

A

little

not much or not enough

“He has little chance of winning.”,
“There’s so little choice.”

177
Q

trochę czegoś

A

little

a small amount of something

“It just needs a little effort.”

178
Q

mało, niewiele

A

little

not much, or not enough

“We did very little on Sunday.”

179
Q

trochę

A

little

a small amount

“I only know a little about my grandparents.”,
““More dessert?” “Just a little, please.””

180
Q

mało, niewiele

A

little

not much or not enough

“It matters little.”,
“a little-known fact”

181
Q

cytować, przywoływać

A

cite

to mention something as an example or proof of something else

“The doctor cited the case of a woman who had died after taking the drug.”

182
Q

wzywać do sądu

A

cite

to order someone to go to court because they have done something wrong

“A local farmer was cited for breaking environmental standards.”

183
Q

afroamerykański

A

African-American

relating or belonging to American people whose families came from Africa in the past

“the African-American community”

184
Q

nerw

A

nerve

one of the threads in your body that carry messages between your brain and other parts of the body

“the optic nerve”,
“nerve cells/endings “

185
Q

odwaga

A

nerve

the quality of being brave

“I haven’t got the nerve to tell him I’m leaving.”,
“He lost his nerve and couldn’t go through with it.”

186
Q

czelność, tupet

A

nerve

the rudeness necessary to do something you know will upset someone

“You’ve got a nerve, coming here!”,
“I can’t believe she had the nerve to talk to me after what happened.”

187
Q

zbiornik

A

tank

a large container for storing liquid or gas

“a petrol tank/ US a gas tank “,
“a hot-water tank”

188
Q

czołg

A

tank

a large, strong military vehicle with a gun on it which moves on wheels inside large metal belts

189
Q

mieszka-niec/nka

A

resident

someone who lives in a particular place

“complaints from local residents “

190
Q

(lekarz) stażysta, stażystka

A

resident

a doctor who is working in a hospital to get extra training in a particular area of medicine

191
Q

zamieszkały

A

resident

living in a place

“She has been resident in Britain for most of her life.”

192
Q

wydawać się

A

appear

to seem to be a particular thing or have a particular quality

“He appeared calm and relaxed.”,
“She appeared to be crying.”,
“It appears that we were wrong about him.”

193
Q

pojawiać się, ukazywać się

A

appear

to start to be seen

“He suddenly appeared in the doorway.”,
“Then a bright light appeared in the sky.”

194
Q

pojawiać się, ukazywać się

A

appear

to start to exist or become available

“Laptop computers first appeared in the 1990s.”,
“The story appeared in all the major newspapers.”

195
Q

występować w/na itp.

A

appear

to perform in a film, play, etc, or be seen in public

“She appears briefly in the new Bond movie.”,
“The Princess hasn’t appeared in public since her divorce was announced.”

196
Q

spalić, wypalić

A

burn

to destroy something with fire, or to be destroyed by fire

“I burnt all his letters.”,
“The factory burned to the ground.”,
“He dropped his cigarette and burnt a hole in his jacket.”

197
Q

palić się, płonąć

A

burn

to produce flames

“The fire’s burning well.”

198
Q

przypalać (się)

A

burn

If you burn something that you are cooking, you cook it too much and if something you are cooking burns, it cooks too much.

“Check the pizza - I think it’s burning!”

199
Q

oparzyć się (w palce itp. )

A

burn

to be hurt by fire or heat

“He burned his hand on the kettle.”

200
Q

spalać

A

burn

to use fuel to produce heat or energy

“to burn calories/fuel”

201
Q

wypalać

A

burn

to copy music, information or images onto a CD

“He’s burnt all his favourite records onto a CD.”

202
Q

palić, piec

A

burn

to be very hot or sore

“Her cheeks were burning.”

203
Q

pałać wściekłością /nienawiścią itp.

A

burn

to feel an emotion very strongly

204
Q

oparzenie

A

burn

a place where fire or heat has damaged or hurt something

“She has a nasty burn on her arm.”

205
Q

ludzie

A

people

more than one person

“Our company employs over 400 people.”,
“People live much longer than they used to.”

206
Q

naród, lud

A

people

all the ordinary people in a country

“The rebels have gained the support of the people.”

207
Q

naród, lud

A

people

all the people of a race

“Europe is made up of many different peoples.”

208
Q

wydawać

A

spend

to use money to buy or pay for something

“The company has spent $1.9 million on improving its computer network.”,
“She spends too much money on clothes.”,
“How much did you spend?”

209
Q

spędzać

A

spend

to use time doing something or being somewhere

“He spent 18 months working on the project.”,
“He’s planning to spend some time at home with his family.”,
“How long did you spend in Edinburgh?”

210
Q

zdumiewający

A

amazing

very surprising

“It’s amazing how many people can’t read.”

211
Q

mokry

A

wet

covered in water or another liquid

“a wet towel”,
“We got soaking wet in the rain.”,
“Look at you - you’re wet through (= very wet)!”

212
Q

mokry, deszczowy

A

wet

raining

“a wet and windy day”

213
Q

mokry

A

wet

not dry yet

“wet paint”

214
Q

cieniarski, ofiarowaty

A

wet

Someone who is wet has a weak personality.

215
Q

zmoczyć się

A

wet

to urinate in your bed or in your underwear without intending to

216
Q

zmoczyć

A

wet

to make something wet

217
Q

potencjał, zdolność

A

capability

the ability or power to do something

“Both players have the capability to win this game.”

218
Q

fragment, placek

A

patch

a small area that is different from the area around it

“a bald patch.”,
“There are icy patches on the road.”

219
Q

łata

A

patch

a piece of material that you use to cover a hole in your clothes or in other material

“He had leather patches sewn on the elbows of his jacket.”

220
Q

przepaska

A

patch

a small piece of material used to cover an injured eye

221
Q

grządka

A

patch

a small area of land used for a particular purpose

“a cabbage/vegetable patch”

222
Q

trudny okres

A

patch

a difficult time

“I think their marriage is going through a bad patch.”

223
Q

łatać

A

patch

to repair a hole in a piece of clothing or other material by sewing a piece of material over it

“to patch your trousers”

224
Q

tylko, zaledwie

A

only

not more than a particular size or amount

“It’ll only take a few minutes.”,
“She’s only fifteen.”

225
Q

tylko, jedynie

A

only

not anyone or anything else

“The offer is available to UK residents only.”

226
Q

właśnie

A

only

used to mean that something happened very recently

“She’s only just finished writing it.”

227
Q

nie tylko … ale (jeszcze)

A

only

used to say that one thing is true and another thing is true too, especially a surprising thing

“Not only did he turn up late, he also forgot his books.”

228
Q

jedyny

A

only

used to mean that there are not any others

“This could be our only chance.”,
“You’re the only person here I know.”

229
Q

ale, tylko że

A

only

used to introduce a statement that explains why something you have just said cannot happen or is not completely true

“I’d phone him myself only I know he’s not there at the moment.”

230
Q

mowa

A

speech

someone’s ability to talk, or an example of someone talking

“His speech was very slow and difficult to understand.”,
“These changes can be seen in both speech and writing.”

231
Q

przemówienie, mowa

A

speech

a formal talk that someone gives to a group of people

“I had to make a speech at my brother’s wedding.”

232
Q

wolność słowa

A

speech

the right to say or write what you want

233
Q

porównanie

A

comparison

something that compares two or more people or things, or the act of comparing them

“They published a comparison of schools in the area.”,
“She’s so tall that he looks tiny by/in comparison.”

234
Q

Nie ma porównania

A

comparison

used to say that someone or something is much better than someone or something else

235
Q

smutny

A

sad

unhappy or making you feel unhappy

“I was very sad when our cat died.”,
“a sad book/movie”,
“It’s a bit sad that you’ll miss our wedding.”,
“I was sad to see him go.”

236
Q

smutny

A

sad

not pleasant or satisfactory

“The sad truth is that we’ve failed.”

237
Q

żałosny

A

sad

boring or not fashionable

“You enjoy reading timetables? You sad man!”

238
Q

najlepszy

A

best

superlative of

     good adjective : better than any other

“She’s one of our best students.”,
“Give her my best wishes.”,
“Susie’s my best friend (= the friend I like more than any other).”,
“What’s the best way to get to the airport from here?”

239
Q

najbardziej

A

best

superlative of

     well adverb : most, or more than any other

“Which of the songs did you like best?”

240
Q

najlepiej

A

best

in the most suitable or satisfactory way

“I sleep best with the windows open.”

241
Q

najlepszy

A

best

someone or something that is better than any other

“He’s the best of the new players.”

242
Q

w najlepszym wypadku

A

best

used to show that the most positive way of considering something is still not good

“At best, only 50 per cent of babies born at 24 weeks will survive.”

243
Q

w najlepszym wydaniu

A

best

at the highest level of achievement or quality

“The article is an example of journalism at its best.”

244
Q

zrobić lub uczynić wszystko, co w czyjejś mocy , dać z siebie wszystko

A

best

to make the greatest effort possible

“I did my best to persuade him.”

245
Q

pozwolić komuś pokazać się z najlepszej strony

A

best

to cause someone’s best qualities to show

246
Q

cieszyć się tym, co jest

A

best

to try to be positive about a situation you do not like but cannot change

“Our hotel room is rather small, but we’ll just have to make the best of it.”

247
Q

na lepsze

A

best

If something is for the best, it seems unpleasant now, but will improve a situation in the future.

“Divorce is always painful, but it really was for the best.”

248
Q

w swoich najlepszych momentach

A

best

used to show that something is not good when it is the best it can be

“He’s not exactly patient at the best of times.”

249
Q

już

A

already

before now, or before a particular time in the past

“I’ve already told him.”,
“By the time we arrived, he’d already left.”

250
Q

już

A

already

used to say that something has happened earlier than you expected

“I’m already full and I’ve only eaten one course.”

251
Q

śniadanie

A

breakfast

the food you eat in the morning after you wake up

“She had breakfast in bed this morning.”

252
Q

przedsiębiorstwo usług komunalnych

A

utility

an organization that supplies the public with water, gas, or electricity

253
Q

ser

A

cheese

a food that is made from milk, is usually white or yellow, and can be either hard or soft

“a cheese sandwich”

254
Q

zjazd, konwencja

A

convention

a large formal meeting of people with the same interest or work

“the Democratic Party convention”

255
Q

obyczaj

A

convention

a usual and accepted way of behaving or doing something

“In many countries it is the convention to wear black at funerals.”

256
Q

konwencja

A

convention

a formal agreement between countries

“an international convention on human rights”

257
Q

wieża

A

tower

a very tall, narrow building, or part of a building

“a church tower”,
“the Eiffel Tower”

258
Q

górować nad kimś/czymś , wznosić się nad kimś/czymś

A

tower

to be much taller or higher than someone or something else

“David towers over his mother.”

259
Q

kontakt

A

contact

communication with someone, especially by speaking to them

“We keep in close contact with our grandparents.”,
“Jo and I are determined not to lose contact.”

260
Q

kontakt

A

contact

a situation in which two people or things are touching each other

“She dislikes any kind of physical contact.”,
“Wash your hands if they come into contact with chemicals.”

261
Q

kontakt

A

contact

someone you know who may be able to help you because of their job or position

“business contacts “

262
Q

soczewka kontaktowa

A

contact

a small piece of plastic that you put on your eye to make you see more clearly

263
Q

kontaktować się z

A

contact

to telephone, email or write to someone

“I’ve been trying to contact you for days.”

264
Q

mięsień

A

muscle

one of many pieces of tissue in the body that are connected to bones and which produce movement by becoming longer or shorter

“aching joints and muscles”,
“stomach/thigh muscles”,
“I think I may have pulled (= injured) a muscle.”

265
Q

wpływy

A

muscle

the ability to control or influence people

“political/military muscle”

266
Q

przekonywać

A

persuade

to make someone agree to do something by talking to them a lot about it

“We managed to persuade him to come with us.”,
“I persuaded her that it was the right thing to do.”

267
Q

skoncentrować się, skupić się

A

concentrate

to think very carefully about something you are doing and nothing else

“Be quiet - I’m trying to concentrate.”,
“I can’t concentrate on my work. It’s too noisy here.”

268
Q

koncentrować się wokół/na itp.

A

concentrate

to be present in large numbers or amounts in a particular area

“Most of the fighting was concentrated in the mountains.”

269
Q

koncentrat

A

concentrate

a substance that is strong because it has had water or other substances taken out of it

270
Q

protest

A

protest

an occasion when people show that they disagree with something by standing somewhere, shouting, carrying signs, etc

“a protest against the war”,
“a peaceful/violent protest “

271
Q

protestować (przeciw/przeciwko czemuś )

A

protest

to show that you disagree with something by standing somewhere, shouting, carrying signs, etc

“They’re on strike to protest against job losses.”,
“Students were protesting about cuts to the education budget.”

272
Q

protestować przeciw lub przeciwko czemuś

A

protest

to show that you disagree with something by standing somewhere, shouting, carrying signs, etc

“Thousands gathered to protest the plan.”

273
Q

zapewniać, protestować

A

protest

to say something forcefully or complain about something

“The girl was crying, protesting that she didn’t want to leave her mother.”

274
Q

ziemniak, kartofel

A

potato

a round vegetable with a brown, yellow, or red skin that grows in the ground

“boiled/fried potatoes”,
“mashed potato”

275
Q

teoria

A

theory

an idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain something

“Darwin’s theory of evolution”

276
Q

teoria

A

theory

the set of principles on which a subject is based

“economic theory”

277
Q

teoretycznie

A

theory

If something is possible in theory, it should be possible but often it does not happen this way.

“In theory, the journey should be shorter but in practice, the roadworks slow you down.”

278
Q

piec

A

bake

to cook something such as bread or a cake with dry heat in an oven

“a baked apple”

279
Q

mieszkanie

A

apartment

a set of rooms for someone to live in on one level of a building or house

280
Q

uroczystość, ceremonia

A

ceremony

a formal event that is performed on important social or religious occasions

“a wedding/marriage ceremony “,
“an award ceremony “

281
Q

ceremoniał

A

ceremony

formal behaviour, words, and actions that are part of a ceremony

282
Q

pustynia

A

desert

a large, hot, dry area of land with very few plants

“the Sahara Desert”

283
Q

opuszczać, porzucać

A

desert

to leave someone and never come back

“He deserted his family.”

284
Q

opuszczać, porzucać

A

desert

to leave a place, so that it is empty

“People are deserting the countryside to work in towns.”

285
Q

dezerterować

A

desert

to leave the army without permission

286
Q

pomoc

A

assistance

help

“financial/medical assistance”,
“Can I be of any assistance? (= Can I help you?) “

287
Q

popełniać

A

commit

to do something that is considered wrong, or that is illegal

“He was sent to prison for a crime that he didn’t commit.”,
“to commit suicide/adultery “

288
Q

zobowiązywać się, deklarować się

A

commit

to make a firm decision that you will do something

“He committed himself to helping others.”

289
Q

nie deklarować się

A

commit

to refuse to express an opinion about a particular subject

290
Q

przeznaczać, inwestować

A

commit

If you commit money, time, energy, etc to something, you use it to try to achieve something.

“The government has committed thousands of pounds to the research.”

291
Q

właściwie, (tak) naprawdę, faktycznie

A

actually

used when you are saying what is the truth of a situation

“He didn’t actually say anything important.”,
“So what actually happened?”

292
Q

właściwie, (tak) naprawdę

A

actually

used when you are saying something surprising

“She sounds English but she’s actually Spanish.”,
“Did you actually meet the president?”

293
Q

właśnie że, actually nie oznacza aktualnie ; aktualnie to currently

A

actually

used when you are disagreeing with someone or saying no to a request

"”You didn’t tell me.” “Actually, I did.””,
““Do you mind if I smoke?” “Actually, I’d rather you didn’t.””

294
Q

most

A

bridge

a structure that is built over a river, road, etc so that people or vehicles can go across it

“to go across/over a bridge”,
“Brooklyn Bridge”

295
Q

most

A

bridge

something that connects two groups, organizations, etc and improves the relationship between them

“After the war they tried to build bridges with neighbouring countries.”

296
Q

mostek

A

bridge

the hard part of your nose between your eyes

297
Q

mostek

A

bridge

the raised area of a ship where the controls are

298
Q

brydż

A

bridge

a card game for four players

299
Q

zmniejszyć przepaść

A

bridge

to make the difference between two things smaller

“This course is designed to bridge the gap between school and work.”

300
Q

codzienny, codziennie

A

daily

happening or produced every day or once a day

“a daily newspaper “,
“He exercises daily.”,
“The store is open daily from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.”

301
Q

codzienny, codziennie

A

daily

relating to one single day

“They are paid on a daily basis.”

302
Q

życie codzienne

A

daily

the usual things that happen to you every day

“Shootings are part of daily life in the region.”

303
Q

dziennik

A

daily

a newspaper that is published every day except Sunday

304
Q

lunch

A

lunch

a meal that you eat in the middle of the day

305
Q

jeść lunch

A

lunch

to eat lunch

306
Q

chrześcija-nin/nka

A

Christian

someone who believes in Christianity

307
Q

zbierać

A

collect

to get things from different places and bring them together

“The police are continuing to collect information.”,
“Would you collect up the books please, Joanne?”,
“I’m collecting material for an article that I’m writing.”

308
Q

zbierać, kolekcjonować

A

collect

to get and keep things of one type such as stamps or coins as a hobby

“She collects dolls.”

309
Q

odbierać

A

collect

to go to a place and bring someone or something away from it

“She collects Anna from school at three o’clock.”

310
Q

kwestować

A

collect

to ask people to give you money for something, for example a charity (= organization that helps people)

“I’m collecting on behalf of the RedCross.”

311
Q

otrzymywać

A

collect

to receive money that you are owed

“You can begin to collect a pension at age 62.”

312
Q

zbierać się

A

collect

to come together in a single place

“Journalists collected outside the palace.”

313
Q

zebrać myśli

A

collect

to get control over your feelings and thoughts

314
Q

na koszt abonenta

A

collect

If you telephone collect or make a collect telephone call, the person you telephone pays for the call.

“She called me collect.”

315
Q

-

A

analyze

US spelling of analyse