Deck 2 Flashcards
rada, Rada
council
a group of people who are elected to control a town, city, or area
“Edinburgh City Council”,
“a council meeting”
rada, Rada
council
a group of people who are elected or chosen to give advice or make decisions
“the Medical Research Council”
budynek/mieszkanie komunaln-y/e
council
in the UK a house or flat that is owned by a city or town council and rented to people
fabuła
plot
the things that happen in a story
“I don’t like movies with complicated plots.”
spisek
plot
a plan to do something bad
“a plot to blow up the embassy”
działka
plot
a piece of land, often for growing food or for building on
“a building plot”
knuć, spiskować
plot
to plan to do something bad
“They plotted to bring down the government.”,
“He fired all those accused of plotting against him.”
wykreślać, nanosić
plot
to make marks on a map, picture, etc to show the position or development of something
“This chart plots the position of all aircraft.”
wzrokowy, wizualny
visual
relating to seeing
“The film has some powerful visual effects.”
opierać się
resist
to stop yourself from doing something that you want to do
“I can’t resist chocolate.”,
“I just can’t resist reading other people’s mail.”
opierać się
resist
to refuse to accept something and try to stop it from happening
“The President is resisting calls for him to resign.”
stawiać opór
resist
to fight against someone or something that is attacking you
“British troops resisted the attack for two days.”
przedsięwzięcie
venture
a new activity that may not be successful
“a business venture “
odważyć się wejść/wyjść itp.
venture
to leave a safe place and go somewhere that may involve risks
“If the snow stops I might venture out.”
zaryzykować, odważyć się, ośmielić się
venture
to be brave enough to say something that might be criticized
“I didn’t dare venture an opinion.”
budować
build
to make something by putting materials and parts together
“build a house/wall”,
“The bridge is built of steel and aluminium.”,
“They’re starting to build on that stretch of land.”
budować
build
to create and develop something over a long time
“They have built a solid friendship over the years.”
budowa
build
the size and shape of a person’s body
“He’s of medium build with short brown hair.”
składać się na, ≈ składać się z
compose
to be the parts that something consists of
“The committee was composed of elected leaders and citizens.”
komponować
compose
to write a piece of music
uspokoić się
compose
to make yourself calm again after being angry or upset
“He needed some time to compose himself.”
układać
compose
to write a speech, letter, etc, thinking carefully about the words to use
“Laura was composing a letter of sympathy.”
przedstawiciel, dealer
dealer
a person or company that buys and sells things for profit
“a car dealer “,
“a drug dealer “
rozdający
dealer
a person who gives out cards to players in a game
zbiorowy
collective
involving, felt by, or owned by everyone in a group
“collective responsibility”
spółdzielnia
collective
a business that is owned and controlled by the people who work in it
porozumiewać się, przekazywać
communicate
to share information with others by speaking, writing, moving your body, or using other signals
“We can now communicate instantly with people on the other side of the world.”,
“Has the news been communicated to the staff yet?”
dogadywać się, wyrażać
communicate
to talk about your thoughts and feelings, and help other people to understand them
“He can’t communicate with his parents.”
lekcja
lesson
a period of time when a teacher teaches people
“The best way to improve your game is to take lessons.”,
“She gives French lessons.”,
“Lessons start at 9 a.m.”
lekcja
lesson
an experience that teaches you how to behave better in a similar situation in the future
“My parents made me pay back all the money, and it was a lesson I never forgot.”
arabski
Arab
relating or belonging to the people of the Middle East or North Africa whose families came from Arabia in the past
“Arab countries”
kryzys
crisis
a situation or time that is extremely dangerous or difficult
“an economic/financial crisis”,
“The country’s leadership is in crisis.”
córka
daughter
your female child
gonić
chase
to run after someone or something in order to catch them
“The dog was chasing a rabbit.”
odpędzać kogoś/coś , odganiać kogoś/coś
chase
to run after a person or animal to make them leave a place
“I chased the cat away.”
polować na
chase
to try very hard to get something
“There are hundreds of graduates chasing very few jobs.”
pościg
chase
an occasion when you go after someone or something quickly in order to catch them
“a high speed car chase “
ruszyć w pościg
chase
to go after someone or something quickly in order to catch them
okres
period
a length of time
“a 24-hour period”,
“a period of four months”
godzina (lekcyjna), część
period
one of the equal parts of time that a school day or sports game is divided into
okres, miesiączka
period
the time each month when blood comes out of a woman’s uterus
kropka
period
a mark (.) used at the end of a sentence, or to show that the letters before it are an abbreviation
reagować, odpowiadać
respond
to say or do something as an answer or reaction to something that has been said or done
“The government has responded by sending food and medical supplies to the region.”,
“How quickly did the police respond to the call?”
reagować
respond
to improve as the result of a particular medical treatment
“She’s responding well to drug treatment.”
kopia
copy
something that is made to look exactly like something else
“Always make copies of important documents.”
egzemplarz
copy
a single book, newspaper, etc of which many have been produced
“a copy of the New York Times”,
“Four million copies of the book were sold in the first year.”
kopiować
copy
to produce something that is similar or exactly the same as something else
“Copy the file onto disk.”,
“The design was copied from the American model.”
naśladować
copy
to behave like someone else
“He likes to copy his older brother.”
odpisywać
copy
to cheat by looking at and using someone else’s work
“She copied his answers.”
więź
bond
an interest, experience, or feeling that makes two people feel connected
“A love of opera created a bond between them.”
obligacja
bond
an official document from a government or company to show that you have given them money that they will pay back with a certain amount of extra money
wiązanie
bond
the way two atoms are joined together in a chemical compound
wiązać
bond
If two things bond, they stick together, or if you bond them, you make them stick together.
“This glue bonds wood and metal in seconds.”
wytwarzać więź
bond
to develop a strong relationship with someone
“Physical contact helps a mother bond with her baby.”
specjalist-a/ka
specialist
someone who has a lot of experience, knowledge, or skill in a particular subject
“a cancer/software specialist”,
“He’s a specialist in childhood illnesses.”,
“specialist advice/help”
wyrobiony
sophisticated
well-educated and having experience of the world or knowledge of culture
skomplikowany
sophisticated
A sophisticated machine or system is very advanced and works in a clever way.
“a sophisticated computer system”
kwadrat
square
a shape with four equal sides and four 90° angles
plac
square
an open area with buildings around it, often in the centre of a town
“Trafalgar Square”
kwadrat, druga potęga
square
a number that results from multiplying a number by itself
“The square of 3 is 9.”
kwadratowy, kanciasty
square
having the shape of a square
“a square room”,
“He has broad shoulders and a square jaw.”
centymetr/metr/mila itp. kwadratow-y/a
square
the area of a square with sides that are a centimetre/metre/mile, etc long
“3000 square feet of office space”
2/3/4 itp. do kwadratu
square
2/3/4, etc multiplied by itself
“Four squared is sixteen.”
reklama
advertising
the business of trying to persuade people to buy products or services
“an advertising agency “,
“She works in advertising.”
biologiczny
biological
relating to the study of living things such as plants and animals
“biological sciences”
biologiczny
biological
using living things or poisons made from living things
“biological weapons”
brytyjski
British
relating to Great Britain or the United Kingdom
Brytyjczycy
British
the people of Great Britain or the United Kingdom
uczestniczyć
participation
to be involved with other people in an activity
“She rarely participates in any of the discussions.”
porównywać
compare
to examine the ways in which two people or things are different or similar
“The teachers are always comparing me with/to my sister.”
wypadać
compare
to be as good as something else
“This product compares well with more expensive brands.”
w porównaniu do kogoś/czegoś /z kimś/czymś
compare
used when saying how one person or thing is different from another
“This room is very tidy compared to mine.”
sofa, kanapa
couch
a long, comfortable piece of furniture that two or more people can sit on
być napisanym lub wyrażonym jakoś
couch
to be expressed in a particular way
“His explanation was couched in technical language.”
telewizor
television
a piece of equipment, with a screen on the front, used for watching programmes
“Richard switched the television on.”
telewizja
television
the programmes that are shown on a television
“I mostly watch television in the evening.”,
“I saw it on television.”,
“a television programme “
telewizja
television
the system or business of making and broadcasting programmes for television
“She works in television.”,
“a television company/network”
odwracać się
turn
to move your body so that you are facing a different direction
“Ricky turned and saw Sue standing in the doorway.”
skręcać
turn
to change direction when you are moving, or to make a car do this
“Turn left at the traffic lights.”,
“I turned the car into the drive.”
odwracać
turn
to move something round so that it faces a different direction
“Ella turned the cup to hide the crack in it.”
obracać (się)
turn
to move around a central point in a circle, or to make something do this
“Turn the steering wheel as quickly as you can.”
sinieć/stygnąć/kwaśnieć itp.
turn
to become blue, cold, etc
“The sky turned black and it started to rain.”
skończyć 16/21 itp. lat
turn
to become a particular age
“He turned 18 last May.”
przewracać kartkę lub stronę
turn
to move a page in a book or magazine in order to see the next one
kolej
turn
the time when you can or must do something, usually before or after someone else
“It’s your turn to feed the rabbit - I did it yesterday.”,
“You’ll have to be patient and wait your turn.”
zmieniać się
turn
If two or more people take turns, one person does something, then another person does something, etc.
“They all took turns carrying the suitcase.”,
“The children took it in turns to hold the baby.”
kolejno, po kolei
turn
one after another
“He spoke to the three boys in turn.”
skręt
turn
a change in the direction in which you are moving or facing
“a right/left turn “
zakręt
turn
a bend or corner in a road, river, etc
“Take the next turn on the right.”
rozwój wydarzeń
turn
the way in which a situation develops, especially a sudden or unexpected change
zmieniać się na lepsze /gorsze
turn
to become better or worse suddenly
zrobić komuś przysługę
turn
to do something to help someone
przełom wieku
turn
the start of a new century
cotygodniowy, co tydzień
weekly
happening once a week or every week
“a weekly newspaper”,
“We’re paid weekly.”
amerykański
American
relating to the United States of America
“an American accent”
północnoamerykański/południowoamerykański
American
relating to one or more of the countries of North/South America
“the North American Free Trade agreement”
konkurs, rywalizacja
contest
a competition or election
zaskarżyć, odwołać się od
contest
to say formally that something is wrong or unfair and try to have it changed
“Mr Hughes went back to court to contest the verdict.”
walczyć o
contest
to compete for something
twórczy
creative
good at thinking of new ideas or using imagination to create new and unusual things
“Her book is full of creative ways to decorate your home.”
wieś, wioska
village
a place where people live in the countryside that includes buildings such as shops and a school but which is smaller than a town
“She lives in a small village outside Oxford.”,
“a village shop”
zwyczajny, zwykły
ordinary
not special, different, or unusual in any way
“ordinary life”,
“an ordinary day”,
“I had a very ordinary childhood.”
zwykły
ordinary
Ordinary people are not rich or famous and do not have special skills.
“ordinary people/citizens”,
“an ordinary man/woman”
niezwykły
ordinary
unusual or different
“Their relationship was a little out of the ordinary.”,
“The investigation revealed nothing out of the ordinary.”
aktualny, obecny, bieżący
currently
happening or existing now
“What is your current address?”,
“the current issue of Newsweek magazine”
prąd
currently
the natural flow of air or water in one direction
“a current of air”,
“dangerous/strong currents”
prąd
currently
the flow of electricity through a wire
“an electrical current”
żałować, że nie …, szkoda, że nie …, woleć, żeby …
wish
to want a situation that is different from the one that exists
“I wish that I didn’t have to go to work.”,
“I wish he would leave.”,
“I wish I had been there.”
życzyć sobie lub chcieć coś zrobić
wish
to want to do something
“I wish to speak to the manager.”
życzyć komuś szczęścia /sukcesów itp.
wish
to say that you hope someone will be lucky/successful, etc
“I wished him luck for his test.”
niestety nie!, ba!
wish
used to say that you would like something to be true although you know it is not true
"”Have your exams finished yet?” “I wish!””
życzenie
wish
what you want to do or what you want to happen
“The hospital always tries to respect the wishes of its patients.”,
“I have no wish to travel the world.”
życzenie
wish
something that you say secretly to yourself about what you want to have or happen
“She closed her eyes and made a wish.”
pozdrowienia
wish
something you say or write at the end of a letter, to show that you hope someone is happy and has good luck
“Please give her my best wishes when you see her.”
publiczność, widownia
audience
the people who sit and watch a performance at a theatre, cinema, etc
“There were a lot of children in the audience.”
publiczność, odbiorcy
audience
the type of people who watch a particular TV show, read a particular book, etc
“This magazine is aimed at a teenage audience.”
audiencja
audience
a formal meeting with an important person
“an audience with the Queen”
dziesięć minut /sześć lat /dawno temu
ago
used to refer to a time in the past
“They moved to New York ten years ago.”,
“I went to China a long time ago.”
bawełna
cotton
cloth or thread that is produced from the cotton plant
“a cotton shirt/dress”
bawełna
cotton
a plant that produces a soft, white substance used for making thread and cloth
wata
cotton
a soft mass of cotton, usually used for cleaning your skin
określać, ustalać
determine
to discover the facts or truth about something
“The doctors are still unable to determine what is wrong.”
decydować, rozstrzygać
determine
to decide what will happen
“Her exam results will determine which university she goes to.”
wiara, przekonanie
belief
something that you believe is true or real
“It is a widely-held belief that smoking helps you lose weight.”,
“She married him in the belief that he would change.”
przekonanie, wierzenie
belief
an idea that you are certain is true
“religious/political beliefs “
wiara
belief
the feeling that someone or something is effective or right
“a belief in social justice”
niewiarygodny
belief
too bad, good, difficult, etc to be real
“The evil of this man is beyond belief.”
załoga
crew
the people who work together on a ship, aircraft, or train
“a crew member”
ekipa
crew
a team of people with special skills who work together
“Fire and ambulance crews were at the scene.”
uzyskać, otrzymać
obtain
to get something
“to obtain permission”,
“He obtained a law degree from the University of California.”
ilość, kwota
amount
how much there is of something
“The project will take a huge amount of time and money.”
nowy
new
different from before
“I need some new shoes.”,
“Have you met Fiona’s new boyfriend?”,
“He’s starting his new job on Monday.”,
“We’re always looking for new ways to improve our services.”
nowy
new
recently made
“Their house is quite new - it’s about five years old.”,
“The factory will provide hundreds of new jobs for the area.”,
“The appearance of new products on the market has increased competition.”
nowy
new
not known before
“to discover a new gene/star”
być dla kogoś nowym
new
If a situation or activity is new to you, you have not had experience of it before.
“You’ll have to be patient, this is all new to me.”
być nowym w czymś lub gdzieś , dopiero zaczynać coś robić
new
If you are new to a situation or activity, you have only recently started experiencing it.
“I’m new to the job.”,
“They’re new to the area.”
waga
weight
how heavy someone or something is
“He’s about average height and weight.”
tracić na wadze
weight
If someone loses weight, they become lighter and thinner.
“I need to lose a bit of weight.”
przybierać na wadze
weight
If someone puts on weight or gains weight, they become heavier and fatter.
ciężar
weight
the quality of being heavy
“The shelf collapsed under the weight of the books.”
ciężar
weight
something that is heavy
“You’re not supposed to lift heavy weights after an operation.”
niebo
sky
the area above the Earth where you can see clouds, the sun, the moon, etc
“a beautiful, blue sky”,
“The sky suddenly went dark.”
terroryst-a/ka
terrorist
someone who is involved in terrorism
“a terrorist attack “
mistrz/yni
champion
a person, animal, or team that wins a competition
“a boxing champion”,
“the world champions “
obroń-ca/czyni
champion
someone who supports, defends, or fights for a person, belief, or principle
“a champion of human rights”
bronić, walczyć o
champion
to support, defend, or fight for a person, belief, or principle
“She championed the cause of free speech.”
niebezpieczeństwo
danger
the possibility that someone or something will be harmed or killed, or that something bad will happen
“the dangers of rock climbing”,
“The soldiers were in serious danger.”,
“We were in danger of missing our flight.”
niebezpieczeństwo, zagrożenie
danger
something or someone that may harm you
“Icy roads are a danger to drivers.”
okazja, możliwość
opportunity
a situation in which it is possible for you to do something, or a possibility of doing something
“a unique opportunity “,
“a golden (= very good) opportunity “,
“Everyone will have an opportunity to comment.”,
“There are plenty of opportunities for research.”,
“Don’t miss this opportunity to win a million pounds.”,
“She talks about her boyfriend at every opportunity .”,
“We don’t get much opportunity to go dancing these days.”
możliwość
opportunity
the chance to get a job
“opportunities for young graduates”,
“job/employment opportunities “
skorzystać z (tej ) okazji , aby coś zrobić
opportunity
to use an occasion to do or say something
“I’d like to take this opportunity to thank all of you.”
wyjeżdżać, wychodzić
leave
to go away from a place or a situation, either permanently or for a temporary period
“I’m leaving work early this afternoon.”,
“What time does the bus leave?”,
“They left for Paris last night.”,
““Does Trevor still work there?” “No, he left” (= he does not work there now).”,
“She left school at 16.”
opuszczać, odchodzić
leave
to end a relationship with a husband, wife, or partner and stop living with them
“I’ll never leave you.”,
“She left him for a younger man.”
zostawiać
leave
to not take something with you when you go away from a place, either intentionally or by accident
“Why don’t you leave your jacket in the car?”,
“She’d left a note for him in the kitchen.”,
“That’s the second umbrella I’ve left on the train!”
zostawiać, pozostawiać
leave
to not use all of something
“They’d drunk all the wine but they’d left some food.”,
“Are there any biscuits left?”
zostawiać, pozostawiać
leave
to make a permanent mark
“The operation may leave a scar.”
zostawiać coś otwarte/włączone/wyłączone itp.
leave
to make something stay in a particular condition
“Who left the window open?”
zostawiać
leave
to do something later that you could do immediately
“Don’t leave your packing till the night before you go.”
zapisywać, zostawiać
leave
to arrange for someone to receive something after you die
“His aunt left him a lot of money.”,
“He left the house to Julia.”
zostawiać kogoś w spokoju
leave
to stop speaking to or annoying someone
“Leave me alone! I’m trying to work.”
zostawiać coś w spokoju
leave
to stop touching something
“Leave your hair alone!”
urlop
leave
a period of time when you do not go to work
“She’s on maternity/sick leave.”
teraz, obecnie
now
at the present time
“She’s finished her degree and now she teaches English.”,
“Do you know where Eva is right now (= at this moment)?”
teraz, w tej chwili
now
immediately
“Come on, Andreas, we’re going home now.”,
“I don’t want to wait - I want it now!”
obecnie, w tej chwili
now
used to show the length of time that something has been happening, from the time it began until the present
“I’ve lived in Canada for two years now.”
cóż, no (więc)
now
used when you start to tell someone something
“Now, I have been to Glasgow many times before.”,
“Now then, would anyone else like to ask a question?”
przed chwilą , właśnie
now
a very short time ago
“When I came in just now, everyone was laughing.”,
“Who was that woman who was speaking just now?”
od czasu do czasu
now
If something happens now and then, it happens sometimes but not very often.
“I love chocolate, but I only eat it now and then.”
w każdej chwili
now
used to say that something will happen very soon
“We’re expecting our second child any day now.”
teraz (jak), jak już
now
as a result of a new situation
“Now that I’ve got a car I can visit her more often.”,
“You should help in the house more, now you’re older.”
teraz, chwila obecna
now
the present time or moment
“Now isn’t a good time to speak to him.”,
“She’d kept calm until now.”,
“I’ll be more careful from now on (= from this moment and always in the future).”
mały
little
small in size or amount
“a little bag/box/town”,
“She’s so little.”,
“It costs as little as one dollar.”,
“I might have a little bit of cake.”
mały
little
short in time or distance
“Sit down for a little while.”,
“Let’s have a little break.”
mały, drobny
little
not important
“It’s only a little problem.”,
“I’m having a little trouble with my back.”
mały, młodszy
little
young and small
“She was my little sister and I looked after her.”
mały, mało
little
not much or not enough
“He has little chance of winning.”,
“There’s so little choice.”
trochę czegoś
little
a small amount of something
“It just needs a little effort.”
mało, niewiele
little
not much, or not enough
“We did very little on Sunday.”
trochę
little
a small amount
“I only know a little about my grandparents.”,
““More dessert?” “Just a little, please.””
mało, niewiele
little
not much or not enough
“It matters little.”,
“a little-known fact”
cytować, przywoływać
cite
to mention something as an example or proof of something else
“The doctor cited the case of a woman who had died after taking the drug.”
wzywać do sądu
cite
to order someone to go to court because they have done something wrong
“A local farmer was cited for breaking environmental standards.”
afroamerykański
African-American
relating or belonging to American people whose families came from Africa in the past
“the African-American community”
nerw
nerve
one of the threads in your body that carry messages between your brain and other parts of the body
“the optic nerve”,
“nerve cells/endings “
odwaga
nerve
the quality of being brave
“I haven’t got the nerve to tell him I’m leaving.”,
“He lost his nerve and couldn’t go through with it.”
czelność, tupet
nerve
the rudeness necessary to do something you know will upset someone
“You’ve got a nerve, coming here!”,
“I can’t believe she had the nerve to talk to me after what happened.”
zbiornik
tank
a large container for storing liquid or gas
“a petrol tank/ US a gas tank “,
“a hot-water tank”
czołg
tank
a large, strong military vehicle with a gun on it which moves on wheels inside large metal belts
mieszka-niec/nka
resident
someone who lives in a particular place
“complaints from local residents “
(lekarz) stażysta, stażystka
resident
a doctor who is working in a hospital to get extra training in a particular area of medicine
zamieszkały
resident
living in a place
“She has been resident in Britain for most of her life.”
wydawać się
appear
to seem to be a particular thing or have a particular quality
“He appeared calm and relaxed.”,
“She appeared to be crying.”,
“It appears that we were wrong about him.”
pojawiać się, ukazywać się
appear
to start to be seen
“He suddenly appeared in the doorway.”,
“Then a bright light appeared in the sky.”
pojawiać się, ukazywać się
appear
to start to exist or become available
“Laptop computers first appeared in the 1990s.”,
“The story appeared in all the major newspapers.”
występować w/na itp.
appear
to perform in a film, play, etc, or be seen in public
“She appears briefly in the new Bond movie.”,
“The Princess hasn’t appeared in public since her divorce was announced.”
spalić, wypalić
burn
to destroy something with fire, or to be destroyed by fire
“I burnt all his letters.”,
“The factory burned to the ground.”,
“He dropped his cigarette and burnt a hole in his jacket.”
palić się, płonąć
burn
to produce flames
“The fire’s burning well.”
przypalać (się)
burn
If you burn something that you are cooking, you cook it too much and if something you are cooking burns, it cooks too much.
“Check the pizza - I think it’s burning!”
oparzyć się (w palce itp. )
burn
to be hurt by fire or heat
“He burned his hand on the kettle.”
spalać
burn
to use fuel to produce heat or energy
“to burn calories/fuel”
wypalać
burn
to copy music, information or images onto a CD
“He’s burnt all his favourite records onto a CD.”
palić, piec
burn
to be very hot or sore
“Her cheeks were burning.”
pałać wściekłością /nienawiścią itp.
burn
to feel an emotion very strongly
oparzenie
burn
a place where fire or heat has damaged or hurt something
“She has a nasty burn on her arm.”
ludzie
people
more than one person
“Our company employs over 400 people.”,
“People live much longer than they used to.”
naród, lud
people
all the ordinary people in a country
“The rebels have gained the support of the people.”
naród, lud
people
all the people of a race
“Europe is made up of many different peoples.”
wydawać
spend
to use money to buy or pay for something
“The company has spent $1.9 million on improving its computer network.”,
“She spends too much money on clothes.”,
“How much did you spend?”
spędzać
spend
to use time doing something or being somewhere
“He spent 18 months working on the project.”,
“He’s planning to spend some time at home with his family.”,
“How long did you spend in Edinburgh?”
zdumiewający
amazing
very surprising
“It’s amazing how many people can’t read.”
mokry
wet
covered in water or another liquid
“a wet towel”,
“We got soaking wet in the rain.”,
“Look at you - you’re wet through (= very wet)!”
mokry, deszczowy
wet
raining
“a wet and windy day”
mokry
wet
not dry yet
“wet paint”
cieniarski, ofiarowaty
wet
Someone who is wet has a weak personality.
zmoczyć się
wet
to urinate in your bed or in your underwear without intending to
zmoczyć
wet
to make something wet
potencjał, zdolność
capability
the ability or power to do something
“Both players have the capability to win this game.”
fragment, placek
patch
a small area that is different from the area around it
“a bald patch.”,
“There are icy patches on the road.”
łata
patch
a piece of material that you use to cover a hole in your clothes or in other material
“He had leather patches sewn on the elbows of his jacket.”
przepaska
patch
a small piece of material used to cover an injured eye
grządka
patch
a small area of land used for a particular purpose
“a cabbage/vegetable patch”
trudny okres
patch
a difficult time
“I think their marriage is going through a bad patch.”
łatać
patch
to repair a hole in a piece of clothing or other material by sewing a piece of material over it
“to patch your trousers”
tylko, zaledwie
only
not more than a particular size or amount
“It’ll only take a few minutes.”,
“She’s only fifteen.”
tylko, jedynie
only
not anyone or anything else
“The offer is available to UK residents only.”
właśnie
only
used to mean that something happened very recently
“She’s only just finished writing it.”
nie tylko … ale (jeszcze)
only
used to say that one thing is true and another thing is true too, especially a surprising thing
“Not only did he turn up late, he also forgot his books.”
jedyny
only
used to mean that there are not any others
“This could be our only chance.”,
“You’re the only person here I know.”
ale, tylko że
only
used to introduce a statement that explains why something you have just said cannot happen or is not completely true
“I’d phone him myself only I know he’s not there at the moment.”
mowa
speech
someone’s ability to talk, or an example of someone talking
“His speech was very slow and difficult to understand.”,
“These changes can be seen in both speech and writing.”
przemówienie, mowa
speech
a formal talk that someone gives to a group of people
“I had to make a speech at my brother’s wedding.”
wolność słowa
speech
the right to say or write what you want
porównanie
comparison
something that compares two or more people or things, or the act of comparing them
“They published a comparison of schools in the area.”,
“She’s so tall that he looks tiny by/in comparison.”
Nie ma porównania
comparison
used to say that someone or something is much better than someone or something else
smutny
sad
unhappy or making you feel unhappy
“I was very sad when our cat died.”,
“a sad book/movie”,
“It’s a bit sad that you’ll miss our wedding.”,
“I was sad to see him go.”
smutny
sad
not pleasant or satisfactory
“The sad truth is that we’ve failed.”
żałosny
sad
boring or not fashionable
“You enjoy reading timetables? You sad man!”
najlepszy
best
superlative of
good adjective : better than any other
“She’s one of our best students.”,
“Give her my best wishes.”,
“Susie’s my best friend (= the friend I like more than any other).”,
“What’s the best way to get to the airport from here?”
najbardziej
best
superlative of
well adverb : most, or more than any other
“Which of the songs did you like best?”
najlepiej
best
in the most suitable or satisfactory way
“I sleep best with the windows open.”
najlepszy
best
someone or something that is better than any other
“He’s the best of the new players.”
w najlepszym wypadku
best
used to show that the most positive way of considering something is still not good
“At best, only 50 per cent of babies born at 24 weeks will survive.”
w najlepszym wydaniu
best
at the highest level of achievement or quality
“The article is an example of journalism at its best.”
zrobić lub uczynić wszystko, co w czyjejś mocy , dać z siebie wszystko
best
to make the greatest effort possible
“I did my best to persuade him.”
pozwolić komuś pokazać się z najlepszej strony
best
to cause someone’s best qualities to show
cieszyć się tym, co jest
best
to try to be positive about a situation you do not like but cannot change
“Our hotel room is rather small, but we’ll just have to make the best of it.”
na lepsze
best
If something is for the best, it seems unpleasant now, but will improve a situation in the future.
“Divorce is always painful, but it really was for the best.”
w swoich najlepszych momentach
best
used to show that something is not good when it is the best it can be
“He’s not exactly patient at the best of times.”
już
already
before now, or before a particular time in the past
“I’ve already told him.”,
“By the time we arrived, he’d already left.”
już
already
used to say that something has happened earlier than you expected
“I’m already full and I’ve only eaten one course.”
śniadanie
breakfast
the food you eat in the morning after you wake up
“She had breakfast in bed this morning.”
przedsiębiorstwo usług komunalnych
utility
an organization that supplies the public with water, gas, or electricity
ser
cheese
a food that is made from milk, is usually white or yellow, and can be either hard or soft
“a cheese sandwich”
zjazd, konwencja
convention
a large formal meeting of people with the same interest or work
“the Democratic Party convention”
obyczaj
convention
a usual and accepted way of behaving or doing something
“In many countries it is the convention to wear black at funerals.”
konwencja
convention
a formal agreement between countries
“an international convention on human rights”
wieża
tower
a very tall, narrow building, or part of a building
“a church tower”,
“the Eiffel Tower”
górować nad kimś/czymś , wznosić się nad kimś/czymś
tower
to be much taller or higher than someone or something else
“David towers over his mother.”
kontakt
contact
communication with someone, especially by speaking to them
“We keep in close contact with our grandparents.”,
“Jo and I are determined not to lose contact.”
kontakt
contact
a situation in which two people or things are touching each other
“She dislikes any kind of physical contact.”,
“Wash your hands if they come into contact with chemicals.”
kontakt
contact
someone you know who may be able to help you because of their job or position
“business contacts “
soczewka kontaktowa
contact
a small piece of plastic that you put on your eye to make you see more clearly
kontaktować się z
contact
to telephone, email or write to someone
“I’ve been trying to contact you for days.”
mięsień
muscle
one of many pieces of tissue in the body that are connected to bones and which produce movement by becoming longer or shorter
“aching joints and muscles”,
“stomach/thigh muscles”,
“I think I may have pulled (= injured) a muscle.”
wpływy
muscle
the ability to control or influence people
“political/military muscle”
przekonywać
persuade
to make someone agree to do something by talking to them a lot about it
“We managed to persuade him to come with us.”,
“I persuaded her that it was the right thing to do.”
skoncentrować się, skupić się
concentrate
to think very carefully about something you are doing and nothing else
“Be quiet - I’m trying to concentrate.”,
“I can’t concentrate on my work. It’s too noisy here.”
koncentrować się wokół/na itp.
concentrate
to be present in large numbers or amounts in a particular area
“Most of the fighting was concentrated in the mountains.”
koncentrat
concentrate
a substance that is strong because it has had water or other substances taken out of it
protest
protest
an occasion when people show that they disagree with something by standing somewhere, shouting, carrying signs, etc
“a protest against the war”,
“a peaceful/violent protest “
protestować (przeciw/przeciwko czemuś )
protest
to show that you disagree with something by standing somewhere, shouting, carrying signs, etc
“They’re on strike to protest against job losses.”,
“Students were protesting about cuts to the education budget.”
protestować przeciw lub przeciwko czemuś
protest
to show that you disagree with something by standing somewhere, shouting, carrying signs, etc
“Thousands gathered to protest the plan.”
zapewniać, protestować
protest
to say something forcefully or complain about something
“The girl was crying, protesting that she didn’t want to leave her mother.”
ziemniak, kartofel
potato
a round vegetable with a brown, yellow, or red skin that grows in the ground
“boiled/fried potatoes”,
“mashed potato”
teoria
theory
an idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain something
“Darwin’s theory of evolution”
teoria
theory
the set of principles on which a subject is based
“economic theory”
teoretycznie
theory
If something is possible in theory, it should be possible but often it does not happen this way.
“In theory, the journey should be shorter but in practice, the roadworks slow you down.”
piec
bake
to cook something such as bread or a cake with dry heat in an oven
“a baked apple”
mieszkanie
apartment
a set of rooms for someone to live in on one level of a building or house
uroczystość, ceremonia
ceremony
a formal event that is performed on important social or religious occasions
“a wedding/marriage ceremony “,
“an award ceremony “
ceremoniał
ceremony
formal behaviour, words, and actions that are part of a ceremony
pustynia
desert
a large, hot, dry area of land with very few plants
“the Sahara Desert”
opuszczać, porzucać
desert
to leave someone and never come back
“He deserted his family.”
opuszczać, porzucać
desert
to leave a place, so that it is empty
“People are deserting the countryside to work in towns.”
dezerterować
desert
to leave the army without permission
pomoc
assistance
help
“financial/medical assistance”,
“Can I be of any assistance? (= Can I help you?) “
popełniać
commit
to do something that is considered wrong, or that is illegal
“He was sent to prison for a crime that he didn’t commit.”,
“to commit suicide/adultery “
zobowiązywać się, deklarować się
commit
to make a firm decision that you will do something
“He committed himself to helping others.”
nie deklarować się
commit
to refuse to express an opinion about a particular subject
przeznaczać, inwestować
commit
If you commit money, time, energy, etc to something, you use it to try to achieve something.
“The government has committed thousands of pounds to the research.”
właściwie, (tak) naprawdę, faktycznie
actually
used when you are saying what is the truth of a situation
“He didn’t actually say anything important.”,
“So what actually happened?”
właściwie, (tak) naprawdę
actually
used when you are saying something surprising
“She sounds English but she’s actually Spanish.”,
“Did you actually meet the president?”
właśnie że, actually nie oznacza aktualnie ; aktualnie to currently
actually
used when you are disagreeing with someone or saying no to a request
"”You didn’t tell me.” “Actually, I did.””,
““Do you mind if I smoke?” “Actually, I’d rather you didn’t.””
most
bridge
a structure that is built over a river, road, etc so that people or vehicles can go across it
“to go across/over a bridge”,
“Brooklyn Bridge”
most
bridge
something that connects two groups, organizations, etc and improves the relationship between them
“After the war they tried to build bridges with neighbouring countries.”
mostek
bridge
the hard part of your nose between your eyes
mostek
bridge
the raised area of a ship where the controls are
brydż
bridge
a card game for four players
zmniejszyć przepaść
bridge
to make the difference between two things smaller
“This course is designed to bridge the gap between school and work.”
codzienny, codziennie
daily
happening or produced every day or once a day
“a daily newspaper “,
“He exercises daily.”,
“The store is open daily from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.”
codzienny, codziennie
daily
relating to one single day
“They are paid on a daily basis.”
życie codzienne
daily
the usual things that happen to you every day
“Shootings are part of daily life in the region.”
dziennik
daily
a newspaper that is published every day except Sunday
lunch
lunch
a meal that you eat in the middle of the day
jeść lunch
lunch
to eat lunch
chrześcija-nin/nka
Christian
someone who believes in Christianity
zbierać
collect
to get things from different places and bring them together
“The police are continuing to collect information.”,
“Would you collect up the books please, Joanne?”,
“I’m collecting material for an article that I’m writing.”
zbierać, kolekcjonować
collect
to get and keep things of one type such as stamps or coins as a hobby
“She collects dolls.”
odbierać
collect
to go to a place and bring someone or something away from it
“She collects Anna from school at three o’clock.”
kwestować
collect
to ask people to give you money for something, for example a charity (= organization that helps people)
“I’m collecting on behalf of the RedCross.”
otrzymywać
collect
to receive money that you are owed
“You can begin to collect a pension at age 62.”
zbierać się
collect
to come together in a single place
“Journalists collected outside the palace.”
zebrać myśli
collect
to get control over your feelings and thoughts
na koszt abonenta
collect
If you telephone collect or make a collect telephone call, the person you telephone pays for the call.
“She called me collect.”
-
analyze
US spelling of analyse
