Deck 10 Flashcards
to zależy
depending
used to say that you are not certain about something because other things affect your answer
"”Are you coming out tonight?” “It depends where you’re going.””
zaangażowanie
commitment
a promise or firm decision to do something
“Players must make a commitment to daily training.”,
“He gave a speech affirming the government’s commitment to education.”
zaangażowanie, poświęcenie
commitment
a willingness to give your time and energy to something that you believe in
“We are looking for someone with talent, enthusiasm, and commitment.”,
“How does your religious commitment affect your professional life?”
zobowiązanie, obowiązek
commitment
something that you must do that takes your time
“I’ve got too many commitments at the moment.”,
“Work commitments prevented me from going.”,
“I can’t take on any more commitments.”,
“I struggle to balance work and family commitments.”
nabywać, kupować
purchase
to buy something
“Tickets must be purchased two weeks in advance.”
zakup, kupno
purchase
the act of buying something
“the illegal purchase of guns”
zakup
purchase
something that you buy
“a major purchase”
komisja
commission
an official group of people who have been chosen to find out about something and say what they think should be done about it
zlecenie
commission
a piece of work such as painting, writing, or making something that is done especially for a particular person
prowizja
commission
a payment given to someone when they sell something, which is directly related to the amount they sell
“The staff receive 5% commission on everything that they sell.”,
“Many salesmen work on commission.”
zlecać
commission
to arrange for someone to do a piece of work
“I’ve been commissioned to write a song for their wedding.”
stopniowo
gradually
slowly over a period of time
“Gradually he began to get better.”
regularnie
regularly
often
“Accidents occur regularly on this stretch of the road.”
regularnie
regularly
at the same time each day, week, month, etc
“They meet regularly - usually once a week.”
mówić, powiedzieć
say
to speak words
"”I’d like to go home,” she said.”,
“I couldn’t hear what they were saying.”,
“How do you say this word?”
powiedzieć
say
to tell someone about a fact, thought, or opinion
“Did she say where she was going?”,
“Officials refused to say what had happened.”,
“The jury said that he was guilty.”
mówić, pisać, wskazywać
say
to give information in writing, numbers, or signs
“My watch says one o’clock.”,
“The recipe said to use four ounces of butter.”,
“What do the papers say about the election?”
powiedzieć do siebie coś
say
to think something but not speak
"”I hope she likes me,” he said to himself.”
wyrażać, mówić
say
to show what you think without using words
“His smile seemed to say that I was forgiven.”
powiedzmy , że…
say
used to introduce a suggestion or possible example of something
“More women study languages than, say, engineering or science.”,
“Say you were offered a better job in another city - would you take it?”
Zgadza się!
say
used to show that you completely agree with something that someone has just said
"”That was a very bad movie!” “You can say that again!””
wpływ
say
If you have a say in something, you are involved in making a decision about it.
“We had some say in how our jobs would develop.”
wypowiedzieć się
say
to give your opinion about something
“We can’t vote yet - Christina hasn’t had her say.”
biurko
desk
a table that you sit at to write or work, often with drawers
składnik
component
one of the parts of something, especially a machine
technika, metoda
technique
a particular or special way of doing something
“Scientists have developed a new technique for taking blood samples.”
miejsce, siedzenie
seat
something that you sit on
“Please, have/take a seat (= sit down).”,
“I’ve booked three seats for the cinema tonight.”,
“the back/front seat of a car”
siedzenie, siodełko
seat
the flat part of a chair, bicycle, etc that you sit on
mandat, fotel, miejsce
seat
a position in a parliament or other group that makes official decisions
“a seat in parliament”,
“a congressional seat”
usadowić się gdzieś
seat
to sit somewhere
“I seated myself next to the fire.”
siedziećusiąść
seat
to be sitting downused to politely ask a group of people to sit down
“The director was seated on his right.”,
“Would the people at the back please be seated.”
posiadać lub mieć 4/12/200 itp. miejsc/a , mieścić 4/12/200 itp. osoby/osób
seat
If a building, room, or vehicle seats a particular number of people, that many people can sit in it.
“The new concert hall seats 1500 people.”
potencjalny
potential
A potential problem, employer, partner, etc may become one in the future, although they are not one now.
“a potential danger/threat “,
“a potential customer “,
“A number of potential buyers have expressed interest in the building.”
potencjał
potential
qualities or abilities that may develop and allow someone or something to succeed
“to achieve your full potential “,
“She has a lot of potential as a writer.”
szansa na coś potencjał
potential
the possibility that something may happenthe difference in voltage (= how strong an electrical current is) between two points
“There is the potential for some really interesting research.”
kiedykolwiek, kiedyś, (= z przeczeniem) nigdy
ever
at any time
“Have you ever been skiing?”,
“If you’re ever in town, do come and see me.”,
“No one ever calls me anymore.”
lepszy/szybszy/szczęśliwszy itp. niż kiedykolwiek przedtem
ever
better/faster/happier, etc than at any time before
rzadko kiedy
ever
almost never
“We hardly ever go out these days.”
od tej pory
ever
always since that time
“We met at school and have been friends ever since.”
taki
ever
very/a very
“She’s ever so pretty.”,
“She’s ever such a pretty girl.”
(na) zawsze
ever
always in the future
“I’m not going to live here for ever.”
ciągle lub wciąż zmieniający się/rosnący itp.
ever
always changing/growing/increasing, etc
zdjęcie, fotografia
photograph
a picture produced with a camera
“a black-and-white/colour photograph “,
“He took a lovely photograph of the children in the garden.”
robić zdjęcie, fotografować
photograph
to take a photograph of someone or something
“They were photographed leaving a nightclub together.”
czytelni-k/czka
reader
someone who reads
“She’s a slow reader.”
stały
solid
hard and firm without holes or spaces, and not liquid or gas
“solid ground”,
“solid food”
solidny
solid
strong and not easily broken or damaged
“solid furniture”
lite złoto/srebro/drzewo itp.
solid
gold/silver/wood, etc with nothing added
“a solid silver bracelet”
bity
solid
continuing for a period of time without stopping
“The noise continued for two solid hours/two hours solid.”
jednoznaczny, solidny
solid
Solid information, proof, etc is based on facts and you are certain that it is correct.
“This provides solid evidence that he committed the crime.”
rzetelny, solidny
solid
honest and able to be trusted
ciało stałe
solid
a substance or object that is not a liquid or a gas
bryła
solid
a shape that has length, width, and height, and is not flat
ostrzegać, przestrzegać
warn
to tell someone that something bad may happen in the future, so that they can prevent it
“I warned you that it would be cold but you still wouldn’t wear a coat.”,
“I’ve been warning him for months.”
ostrzegać
warn
to advise someone not to do something that could cause danger or trouble
“I warned you not to tell her.”
dostępny
available
If something is available, you can use it or get it.
“This information is available free on the Internet.”,
“The new drug is not yet available to the public.”
wolny
available
If someone is available, they are not busy and so are able to do something.
“No one from the company was available to comment on the accident.”
państwo, kraj
country
an area of land that has its own government, army, etc
“European countries”
wieśkraj
country
the areas that are away from towns and citiesthe people who live in a country
“The country was shocked by the President’s decision.”
wiejski
country
in or relating to the areas that are away from towns and cities
“country roads/hotels”
rolnictwo
agricultural
the work and methods of growing crops and looking after animals that are then used for food
wystrzelić, odpalić, wodować
launch
to send a spacecraft or bomb into the sky, or a ship into the water
“to launch a rocket/satellite “,
“to launch a boat/fleet “
rozpoczynać
launch
to begin an important activity
“to launch an attack/inquiry/investigation “
wprowadzać (na rynek), uruchamiać
launch
If a company launches a product or service, it makes it available for the first time.
“The book was launched last February.”,
“The airline will launch its new transatlantic service next month.”
wystrzelenie, odpalenie, wodowanie
launch
an occasion when a spacecraft, ship, or weapon is launched
“Poor weather delayed the space shuttle’s launch.”
początek
launch
the beginning of an activity
“The campaign’s launch was a well-publicized event.”
wprowadzenie (na rynek), uruchomienie
launch
the time when a new product or service becomes available
“The film’s launch attracted a lot of Hollywood stars.”
łódź motorowa , szalupa
launch
a large boat with a motor
“a police launch”
prawo
law
the system of official rules in a country
“You’re breaking the law.”,
“It’s against the law (= illegal) not to wear seat belts.”,
“It’s their job to enforce the law.”
zgodnie z prawem , w myśl prawa
law
If you have to do something by law, it is illegal not to do it.
“They have to provide a contract by law.”
prawo
law
an official rule in a country
“There are laws against drinking in the street.”,
“They led the fight to impose laws on smoking.”
praworządność
law
the obeying of laws in society
“a breakdown in law and order”
prawo
law
the subject or job of understanding and dealing with the official laws of a country
“to study/practise law”,
“a law school/firm”,
“a specialist in civil/criminal law”
prawo
law
something that is always true in science, mathematics, etc.
“the laws of nature/physics”,
“the law of averages/gravity”
cywil
civilian
someone who is not a member of a military organization or the police
międzynarodowy
international
relating to or involving two or more countries
“international politics”,
“an international team of scientists”
spotkanie międzypaństwowe , rozgrywki międzynarodowe , członek reprezentacji
international
a game of sport involving two or more countries, or a player in one of these games
“a one-day international in South Africa”
interwencja
intervention
the act of intervening, especially to prevent something from happening
“Without medical intervention, the child would have died.”
kontynuować, postępować
proceed
to continue as planned
“His lawyers have decided not to proceed with the case.”
przechodzić lub przystępować do czegoś
proceed
to do something after you have done something else
“She sat down and proceeded to tell me about her skiing trip.”
przejść gdzieś
proceed
to move or travel in a particular direction
“Passengers for Sydney should proceed to gate 21.”
taki samten samten sam
same
exactly alikenot another different thing or situationnot changed
“He’s the same age as me.”,
“We work at the same speed.”,
“Cars cost the same here as they do in Europe.”,
“They met at the same place every week.”,
“You meet the same people at all these events.”,
“She’s the same lively person she’s always been.”,
“He looks exactly the same as he did ten years ago.”
mimo wszystko, mimo to
same
despite what has just been said
“He doesn’t earn much. All the same, he ought to pay for some of his own drinks.”
ja też, (to) tak jak ja
same
something that you say when something another person has said is also true for you
"”I think she’s awful.” “Same here.””
wciąż te/ta sam-e/a kłótnie/twarze/śpiewka itp.
same
something or someone you have seen or heard many times before
tak samo, jednakowo
same
in the same way
“We treat all our children the same.”
bo, ponieważ
because
used to give a reason for something
“I phoned because I needed to talk to you.”,
“I can’t come out tonight because I’ve got too much homework.”
około, mniej więcej
roughly
approximately
“There’s been an increase of roughly 30% since last year.”
brutalnie
roughly
forcefully or violently
“He pushed us roughly out of the door.”
oko
eye
one of the two organs in your face, which you use to see with
“Sara has black hair and brown eyes.”,
“She closed her eyes and drifted off to sleep.”
ucho (igielne )
eye
the small hole at the end of a needle, which you put the thread through
mieć wyczucie czegoś
eye
to be good at noticing a particular type of thing
“Your son has a very good eye for detail.”
mieć kogoś/coś na oku
eye
to watch or look after someone or something
“Could you keep an eye on this pan of soup for a moment?”
mieć na coś oko
eye
to want something and intend to get it
“Jane’s got her eye on that new advertising job.”
nie móc od kogoś/czegoś oderwać oczu
eye
to be unable to stop looking at someone or something because they are so attractive or interesting
“He couldn’t take his eyes off her all night.”
ujrzeć kogoś/coś (po raz pierwszy)
eye
to see someone or something for the first time
“They fell in love the moment they laid eyes on each other.”
spojrzeć lub patrzeć komuś w oczy
eye
to look at someone in a direct way, without showing fear or shame
“Look me in the eye and say that you didn’t steal it.”
w czyichś oczach , dla kogoś
eye
in someone’s opinion
“In my parents’ eyes, I’ll always be a child.”
przyglądać się
eye
to look at someone or something with interest
“The two women eyed each other suspiciously.”
zamiar, intencja
intention
something that you want and plan to do
“She announced her intention to resign.”,
“I have no intention of seeing him again.”
cel
target
something or someone that you attack, shoot at, try to hit, etc
“It’s very difficult to hit a moving target.”,
“Foreign businesses in the region have become a target for terrorist attacks.”
cel
target
something that you intend to achieve
“I’m hoping to save 3,000 euros by June - that’s my target.”,
“If you want to lose weight, you have to set yourself (= decide) a target.”
cel
target
the person or thing that people are criticizing or blaming for something
“Such extreme views have recently made him the target of criticism.”
być na dobrej drodze
target
to have made enough progress in order to achieve something that you intended to achieve
“We’re on target to finish the project in June.”
odbiorcy/rynek itp. docelow-i/y
target
the group of people that a programme, product, etc is aimed at
atakować
target
to aim an attack at a particular person or place
“They mostly targeted military bases.”
adresować
target
to aim advertising, criticism, or a product at someone
“The products are targeted at people in their late twenties.”
cholera
shit
a very impolite word used to show surprise, anger, disappointment, etc
gówno
shit
a very impolite word for waste from the body of a person or animal that comes out of their bottom
jasny
bright
having a strong, light colour
“bright yellow/blue”
jasny
bright
full of light or shining strongly
“bright sunshine”,
“The room is small but bright.”
bystry
bright
intelligent
“He’s a bright boy.”
pogodny
bright
happy or full of hope
“She’s always so bright and cheerful.”
religia
religion
the belief in a god or gods, or a particular system of belief in a god or gods
“the Christian religion”
kurczak
chicken
a bird kept on a farm for its meat and eggs
kurczak
chicken
the meat of a chicken
“a chicken sandwich”
z
with
used to say that people or things are in a place together or are doing something together
“Emma lives with her boyfriend.”,
“Hang your coat with the others.”
z, o
with
having or including something
“a house with a swimming pool”,
“a woman with brown eyes”
często odpowiada rzeczownikowi w narzędniku, np. rakietą tenisową , itp.
with
using something
“She hit him over the head with a tennis racket.”
z
with
used to describe the way someone does something
“He plays with great enthusiasm.”,
“She shut the drawer with a bang.”
często odpowiada rzeczownikowi w narzędniku, np. wodą , błotem , itp.
with
used to say what fills, covers, etc something
“a bucket filled with water”,
“shoes covered with mud”
z, z powodu
with
because of something
“She was trembling with fear.”
z
with
relating to something or someone
“There’s something wrong with the car.”,
“The doctors are very pleased with his progress.”
z
with
used to describe the position of someone’s body
“She sat with her legs crossed.”
nadążać za kimś
with
to understand what someone is saying
“Sorry, I’m not with you - can you say that again?”
świetny
great
very good
“We had a great time.”,
“I’ve had a great idea!”
wielki
great
important or famous
“a great statesman/novelist”
wielki
great
large in amount, size, or degree
“a great crowd of people”
wielki
great
extreme
“great success/difficulty”
bardzo wielki/długi itp.
great
very big/long, etc
“I gave her a great big hug.”
mnóstwo
great
a large number
pradziadek/prababcia, pradziad/prababka
great
the father/mother of your grandfather or grandmother
babka/dziadek cioteczn-y/a lub stryjeczn-y/a
great
the aunt/uncle of your mother or father
prawnuk/prawnuczka itp.
great
the child/daughter, etc of your grandson or granddaughter
kuzynka/kuzyn, córka/syn bratanicy lub bratanka lub siostrzenicy lub siostrzeńca
great
the daughter/son of your niece or nephew
telefon
telephone
a communication system that is used to talk to someone who is in another place
“a telephone call “,
“I’m sorry, he’s on the telephone (= using the telephone) at the moment.”
telefon
telephone
a piece of equipment that is used to talk to someone who is in another place
“The telephone rang and she hurried to pick it up.”,
“Could you answer the telephone?”
telefonować (do), dzwonić (do)
telephone
to communicate with someone by telephone
rondel, patelnia
pan
a metal container with a handle that is used for cooking food in
zjechać
pan
to criticize something severely
“His last novel was panned by the critics.”
numer, liczba
number
a symbol or word used in a counting system or used to show the position or order of something
“Think of a number smaller than 100.”,
“Pablo’s favourite number is seven.”,
“The Prime Minister lives at number 10, Downing Street.”,
“Look at item number three on your agenda.”
numer
number
a group of numbers that represents something
“What’s your phone number?”,
“Each person receives a membership number when they join.”
liczba
number
an amount
“a small number of (= a few) “,
“a large number of (= many) “,
“There were a number of (= several) soldiers present at the rally.”,
“Scientists have noticed a drop in the number of song birds in Britain.”
numerować
number
to give something a number
“Each volume was numbered and indexed.”
liczyć
number
If people or things number a particular amount, there are that many of them.
“Our company’s sales force numbered over 5,000.”
nr (= = numer)
no
written abbreviation for number
nie
no
something that you say in order to disagree, give a negative answer, or say that something is not true
"”Have you seen Louise?” “No, I haven’t.””,
““Have you ever been to Ireland?” “No.””,
““Can I have some more cake?” “No, you’ll be sick.””,
““He’s really ugly.” “No he isn’t!””
nie
no
something that you say to agree with something that is negative
"”He’s not very bright, is he?” “No, I’m afraid not.””
No nie!
no
something that you say when you are shocked and upset
“Oh no! It’s gone all over the carpet!”
żaden
no
not any
“There were no signposts anywhere.”,
“I had no difficulty getting work.”,
“There was no mention of money.”
żaden, nie, ≈ zakaz
no
a word used to say that something is forbidden
“No smoking.”,
“There was no talking in her classes.”
nie można czegoś zrobić , nie da się czegoś zrobić
no
something that you say when an action is impossible
“There’s no pleasing some people (= nothing that you do will make them happy).”
nie … niż
no
not any
“The work should be done no later than Friday.”,
“There were no more than ten people there.”
jutro
tomorrow
the day after today or on the day after today
“It’s my birthday tomorrow.”,
“Tomorrow is Friday.”
jutro, przyszłość
tomorrow
the future, or in the future
“the children of tomorrow”
-
well
short for we shall or we will
“We’ll be home on Friday.”
zdrowy
well
healthy
“to feel/look well”,
“I’m not very well.”,
“Are you feeling better now?”
wszystko dobrze lub w porządku
well
everything is in a good or acceptable state
“I hope all is well with Jack.”
łatwo, dobrze
well
used to show that you do not agree with something or that you are annoyed about something
“It’s all very well for her to say everything’s fine, she doesn’t have to live here.”
(to) nawet lepiej
well
used to say that something might be a good thing to do or happen
“It was just as well that you left when you did.”
dobrze
well
in a successful or satisfactory way
“I thought they played well.”,
“He’s doing well at school/work.”
dobrze
well
in a complete way or as much as possible
“I know him quite well.”,
“Stir the mixture well.”
też, także
well
also
“Are you going to invite Steve as well?”
oraz coś
well
in addition to something
“They have lived in the United States as well as Britain.”
móc równie dobrze coś zrobić
well
If you may/might as well do something, it will not spoil the situation if you do that thing.
“If we’re not waiting for Karen, we might as well go now.”
prawdopodobnie, możliwe, że
well
used to say that something is likely to be true
“He could well be at Michelle’s house.”
dobrze ponad/przed/poniżej itp.
well
above/ahead/below, etc by a large amount
“It was well after seven o’clock when we got home.”
nie móc raczej lub przecież czegoś zrobić
well
used to say that something is not a suitable or practical thing to do
“I couldn’t very well tell her while he was there.”
Dobra robota!, Świetnie!
well
used to tell someone how pleased you are about their success
"”I passed my exams.” “Well done!””
(no) cóż, no
well
used at the beginning of a sentence to pause slightly or to express doubt or disagreement
"”You’ll go, won’t you?” “Well, I’m not sure.””,
““You said the food was bad.” “Well, I didn’t exactly say that.””
no
well
used to express surprise
“Well, well, I never expected that to happen.”
no cóż, trudno
well
used to say that a situation cannot be changed although it might be disappointing
“Oh well, it doesn’t matter, I can always buy another one.”
studnia, szyb
well
a deep hole in the ground from which you can get water, oil, or gas
program (nauczania )
curriculum
all the subjects taught in a school, college, etc or on an educational course
“the school curriculum”
wystawa
exhibition
an occasion when objects such as paintings are shown to the public
“There’s a new exhibition of sculpture on at the city gallery.”,
“an exhibition centre”
pokaz
exhibition
an occasion when someone shows a particular skill or quality that they have to the public
inny
other
used to refer to people or things that are similar to or in addition to those you have talked about
“I don’t like custard - do you have any other desserts?”,
“The crops were damaged by rats and other pests.”,
“I don’t think he’s funny, but other people do.”
inny, pozostały, drugi
other
used to talk about the remaining members of a group or items in a set
“Mario and Anna sat down to watch the other dancers.”,
“I found one shoe - have you seen the other one?”
inny
other
different from a thing or person that you have talked about
“Our train was delayed, so we had to make other arrangements.”,
“Ask me some other time, when I’m not so busy.”
drug-a/i strona/koniec ( czegoś )
other
the opposite side/end of something
“Our house is on the other side of town.”,
“Go around to the other side and push!”
parę dni/tygodni itp. temu
other
used to mean recently, without giving a particular date
“I asked Kevin about it just the other day.”
co drugi dzień/tydzień itp.
other
happening one day/week, etc but not the next
“Alice goes to the gym every other day.”
oprócz, prócz, (inny) niż
other
except
“The form cannot be signed by anyone other than the child’s parent.”,
“They had no choice other than to surrender.”
poza tym
other
except for the thing you have just said
“My arm was a bit sore - other than that I was fine.”
inny, drugi
other
used to refer to a person or thing that belongs to a group or set that you have already talked about
“Mario and Anna sat down to watch the others dance.”,
“Hold the racket in one hand, and the ball in the other.”,
“Some of the pieces were damaged, others were missing.”
inni
other
used to refer to people or things that are similar to people or things you have already talked about
“This is broken - do you have any others?”
obc-y/a, nieznajom-y/a
stranger
someone you have never met before
“I can’t just walk up to a complete stranger and start speaking to them.”
coś to nie pierwszyzna, ≈ komuś coś jest nieobce
stranger
to have a lot of experience of something
“He’s no stranger to hard work himself.”
publicznie
publicly
If you do something publicly, everyone can see it, hear it, or know about it.
poza-, ekstra-
extra
outside of or in addition to
“extracurricular activities (= activities that are in addition to the usual school work) “
dodatkowy
extra
more, or more than usual
“Can I invite a few extra people?”,
“She’s been babysitting to earn some extra cash.”
dodatek
extra
something that costs more when you buy goods or pay for a service
“The hi-fi comes with optional extras such as headphones and remote control.”
statyst-a/ka
extra
an actor in a film who does not have a main part and usually plays someone in a crowd
dodatkowo, ekstra, wyjątkowo
extra
more than usual
“Do you get paid extra for working late?”,
“I worked extra hard on that essay.”
piłka, kula, kulka, kłębek
ball
a round object that you throw, kick, or hit in a game, or something with this shape
“a tennis ball”,
“a ball of string”,
“The cat curled itself into a ball.”
bal
ball
a large formal occasion where people dance
świetnie się bawić
ball
to enjoy yourself very much
“We had a ball in Miami.”
leczenie
treatment
something that you do to try to cure an illness or injury, especially something suggested or done by a doctor
“She’s receiving treatment for a lung infection.”
traktowanie
treatment
the way you deal with or behave towards someone or something
“There have been complaints about the treatment of prisoners.”
krajobraz
landscape
the appearance of an area of land, especially in the countryside
“The cathedral dominates the landscape for miles around.”
rozległy
extensive
large in amount or size
“an extensive art collection “,
“The hurricane caused extensive damage.”
pozostały przy życiu , ocalały
survivor
someone who continues to live after almost dying because of an accident, illness, etc
“Rescuers have given up hope of finding any more survivors.”
skala
scale
the size or level of something
“We don’t yet know the scale of the problem.”,
“Nuclear weapons cause destruction on a massive scale (= cause a lot of destruction).”
na dużą /małą skalę
scale
A large-/small-scale event or activity is large/small in size.
“a large-scale investigation”
skala
scale
the set of numbers, amounts, etc used to measure or compare the level of something
“How would you rate her work on a scale of 1-10?”
waga
scale
a piece of equipment for measuring weight
“a bathroom/kitchen scale”
skala
scale
how the size of things on a map, model, etc relates to the same things in real life
“a map with a scale of one centimetre per ten kilometres”
gama
scale
a series of musical notes that is always played in order and that rises gradually from the first note
łuska
scale
one of the flat pieces of hard material that covers the skin of fish and snakes
kamień, osad
scale
a hard, white layer that forms on the sides of pipes or containers that heat water
wspinać się na lub po
scale
to climb something that is high or steep
“to scale a wall”
późniejszy
later
after some time
“I might arrange it for a later date.”
późniejszy
later
more recent
“I’m not so familiar with his later work.”
dokładać (się)
contribute
to give something, especially money, in order to provide or achieve something together with other people
“I contributed $20 towards Andrea’s present.”
pisać, pisywać
contribute
to write articles for a newspaper, magazine, or book
“She contributes to several magazines.”
wymagać, wiązać się z
involve
If a situation or activity involves something, that thing is a necessary part of it.
“The trips often involve a lot of walking.”,
“There are a lot of risks involved.”
dotyczyć
involve
to affect or include someone or something in an activity
“an event involving hundreds of people”
angażować
involve
to make someone be part of an activity or process
“I prefer teaching methods that actively involve students in learning.”
przeklinać, kląć
swear
to use language that people think is rude or offensive
“He was sent home because he swore at the teacher.”,
“She swore loudly and threw the box on the floor.”
przysięgać
swear
to make a serious promise
“I swear to tell the truth.”,
“She swore that she was at home at the time of the accident.”
przysięgać
swear
used to say that you are sure something is true
“I could have sworn that she said she lived in Canterbury (= I was sure she lived in Canterbury, but now I have found that it is not true).”
klient/ka
client
someone who pays someone else for services or advice
“a lawyer with a lot of famous clients”
miejsce
space
an empty area that is available to be used
“a parking space “,
“We need more open spaces for children to play in.”,
“There wasn’t enough space for everyone.”,
“We don’t have the space to store it all.”
przestrzeń (kosmiczna ), kosmos
space
the area outside the Earth
“They plan to send another satellite into space.”,
“space travel”
w ciągu sześciu tygodni /trzech godzin itp.
space
during a period of six weeks/three hours, etc
“It all happened in the space of 10 minutes.”
rozmieszczać
space
to arrange things so that there is some distance or time between them
“They will have to be spaced at least two metres apart.”
sok
juice
the liquid that comes from fruit or vegetables
społeczny
social
relating to society and the way people live
“social problems”,
“social and political changes”
towarzyski
social
relating to the things you do with other people for enjoyment when you are not working
“I have a very good social life.”
dokładny, ścisły
exact
completely correct in every detail
“I’m afraid I can’t give you the exact details of the show yet.”,
“Are you quite sure of the exact time that you saw him?”,
“They’ve lived here a long time - 25 years to be exact.”
wymagać, egzekwować
exact
to demand and get something from someone
wystawiać
exhibit
to show objects such as paintings to the public
“She’s exhibiting her roses at the local flower show.”
okazywać
exhibit
to show a feeling, quality, or ability
“The crew exhibited great courage when the plane crashed.”
eksponat
exhibit
an object such as a painting that is shown to the public
“a museum exhibit”
całkowicie, zupełnie
perfectly
used to emphasize the word that follows it
“To be perfectly honest, I don’t care any more.”,
“I made it perfectly clear to him what I meant.”
idealnie
perfectly
in a perfect way
“The jacket fits perfectly, the skirt not so well.”
umowa, kontrakt
contract
a legal agreement between two people or organizations, especially one that involves doing work for a particular amount of money
kurczyć (się)
contract
to become smaller or shorter, or to make something do this
“The wood contracts in dry weather.”
zarazić się, nabawić się
contract
to get a serious disease
“She contracted malaria while living abroad.”
wynajmować
contract
to make a legal agreement with someone to do work or to have work done for you
“He’s been contracted to perform in five shows.”
charakteryzować
characterize
to be typical of someone or something
“Her behaviour in class has been characterized by rudeness and laziness.”
przedstawiać, określać
characterize
to describe or show someone or something in a particular way
“Historians have characterized the age as a period of great change.”
zajmować
occupy
to fill a place or period of time
“His book collection occupies most of the room.”,
“The baby seems to occupy all our time.”
zajmować
occupy
to live or work in a room or building
“They occupy the second floor of the building.”
okupować
occupy
to move into a place and take control of it
“The troops eventually occupied most of the island.”
popierać
support
to agree with an idea, group, or person
“Do you support their views on nuclear weapons?”
potwierdzać
support
to help to show that something is true
“There’s no evidence to support his story.”
utrzymywać
support
to hold the weight of someone or something
“Is this ladder strong enough to support me?”
utrzymywać
support
to look after someone by paying for their food, clothes, etc
“She has three children to support.”
kibicować, dopingować
support
to like a particular sports team and want them to win
“Who do you support?”
poparcie
support
agreement with an idea, group, or person
“Is there much public support for the death penalty?”
za kimś/czymś , na znak poparcia dla kogoś/czegoś
support
agreeing with someone or something
“The minister spoke in support of military action.”
wsparcie
support
help or encouragement
“emotional/financial support “,
“She needs all the love and support we can give her.”
podpora
support
an object that can hold the weight of something
babcia, babka
grandmother
the mother of your mother or father
dowód, dowody
evidence
something that makes you believe that something is true or exists
“evidence of global warming”,
“There is no scientific evidence that the drug is addictive.”
dowody , materiał dowodowy
evidence
information that is given or objects that are shown in a court of law to help to prove if someone has committed a crime
“He was arrested despite the lack of evidence against him.”
zeznawać, składać zeznania
evidence
to give information and answer questions in a court of law
“She was called to give evidence at his trial.”
dać się zauważyć, być widocznym
evidence
to be noticeable
odrzucać
reject
to refuse to accept or agree with something
“The United States government rejected the proposal.”
nie przyjąć
reject
to refuse to accept someone for a job, course, etc
“I applied to Cambridge University but I was rejected.”
odtrącać
reject
to not give someone the love or attention they were expecting
“She felt rejected by her husband.”
brak
reject
a product that is damaged or not perfect in some way
plan
plan
an arrangement for what you intend to do or how you intend to do something
“the country’s economic plan”,
“Do you have any plans for the weekend?”,
“The plan is that we’ll buy a car once we’re there.”,
“There’s been a change of plan and we’re going on Wednesday instead.”,
“Luckily, everything went according to plan (= happened the way it was planned).”
plan
plan
a drawing that shows how something appears from above or will appear from above when it is built
“a street plan.”,
“We had a designer draw up a plan for the yard.”
planować
plan
to think about and decide what you are going to do or how you are going to do something
“We’re just planning our trip.”,
“As a manager, you’ve got to plan ahead.”,
“I’d planned the meeting for Friday.”
planować lub zamierzać coś ( zrobić )
plan
to intend to do something
“He plans to go to college next year.”
zaprojektować
plan
to decide how something will be built
“We got an architect to help us plan our new kitchen.”
podnosić, unosić
lift
to put something or someone in a higher position
“Could you help me lift this table, please?”,
“She lifted the baby up and put him in his chair.”,
“He lifted his glass to his lips.”
podnosić się, unosić się
lift
If fog lifts, it disappears.
“By noon the fog had lifted and the day turned hot.”
znosić
lift
to stop a rule
“The government had already lifted the ban on beef imports.”
zwinąć, ściągać
lift
to steal or copy something
“Entire paragraphs of his thesis were lifted from other sources.”
winda
lift
a machine that carries people up and down in tall buildings
“Shall we use the stairs or take the lift?”
podwiezienie
lift
a free ride somewhere, usually in a car
“Can you give me a lift to the airport?”
podniesienie
lift
the act of moving someone or something up to a higher position
uczestniczyć
participate
to be involved with other people in an activity
“She rarely participates in any of the discussions.”
strona
page
a piece of paper in a book, magazine, etc, or one side of a piece of paper
“The article is on page 36.”,
“I’ve only read 50 pages so far.”
strona
page
one part of a website that you can see or print separately
przywoływać, wzywać
page
to call someone using a sound system in a public place
wysyłać wiadomość na pager
page
to send a message to someone’s pager (= small piece of electronic equipment)
europejski
European
relating or belonging to Europe
“European countries/languages”,
“the European Parliament”
partner/ka
partner
someone that you are married to or having a sexual relationship with
“sexual partners”,
“Are partners invited to the office dinner?”
partner/ka
partner
someone that you are dancing or playing a sport or game with
wspólni-k/czka
partner
someone who owns a business with another person
“a junior/senior partner “,
“He’s a partner in a law firm.”
partner/ka
partner
a country that has an agreement with another country
“a trading partner “,
“Britain and its European partners”
partnerować
partner
to be someone’s partner in a dance, sport, or game
“He looks certain to partner him again in the finals.”
niestety
unfortunately
used to say that you wish something was not true or that something had not happened
“I’d love to come, but unfortunately I have to work.”
niepowtarzalny, jednoznaczny
unique
different from everyone and everything else
“Everyone’s fingerprints are unique.”
wyjątkowy, niepowtarzalny, jedyny w swoim rodzaju
unique
unusual and special
“a unique opportunity “
być charakterystycznym wyłącznie dla kogoś/czegoś
unique
to exist in only one place, or be connected with only one person or thing
“It’s a method of education that is unique to this school.”
pokonywać
defeat
to win against someone in a fight or competition
“She was defeated by an Australian player in the first round of the tournament.”
udaremnić, niweczyć
defeat
to make someone or something fail
“The bill was narrowly defeated in parliament.”
porażka, przegrana
defeat
an occasion when someone loses against someone else in a fight or competition
“The Chicago Cubs have suffered their worst defeat of the season.”
klęska, upadek
defeat
an occasion when someone or something is made to fail
“the defeat of apartheid”
osobno, w odstępie , w odległości
apart
separated by a space or period of time
“Stand with your feet wide apart.”,
“Our kids were born just eighteen months apart.”
na kawałki
apart
into separate, smaller pieces
“My jacket is coming/falling apart.”
oprócz, z wyjątkiem oprócz
apart
except forin addition to
“Apart from Jodie, who hurt her leg, all the children were fine.”,
“He works a ten-hour day and that’s apart from the work he does UK at the weekend/US on the weekend.”
szczególnie, zwłaszcza
especially
more than other things or people, or much more than usual
“He’s always making comments about her appearance, especially her weight.”,
“She’s especially interested in American poetry.”
specjalnie
especially
for one particular person, purpose, or reason
“I cooked this meal especially for you.”
sprzedaż
sale
the act of selling something, or the time when something is sold
“The sale of alcohol is now banned.”,
“to make a sale “
na sprzedaż
sale
available to buy
“For sale: ladies’ bicycle - good condition.”,
“The house next to mine is up for sale.”
w sprzedaży , w handlu na wyprzedaży
sale
available to buy in a shopavailable for a lower price than usual
“Her new book is now on sale.”,
“This album was on sale for half price.”
aukcja, wyprzedaż
sale
an event where things are sold
“a sale of used books”
wyprzedaż
sale
a time when a shop sells goods at a lower price than usual
“I bought this dress in the sale.”
argument, racja, kwestia
point
an opinion, idea, or fact that someone says or writes
“Could I make a point about noise levels?”,
“He explained his point by drawing a diagram.”,
“I take your point (= I agree with you) about cycling, but I still prefer to walk.”
racja
point
an opinion or fact that deserves to be considered seriously, or which other people agree is true
"”She’s always complaining that the office is cold.” “Well, she’s got a point.””,
““How are we going to get there if there are no trains?” “Good point.””
istota rzeczy , sedno sprawy
point
the most important part of what has been said or written
“I thought he was never going to get to the point.”,
“The point is, if you don’t claim the money now you might never get it.”,
“To say his art is simplistic is missing the point (= not understanding the most important thing about it).”
czubek
point
the thin, sharp end of something
“the point of a needle”
punkt
point
a particular place
“a stopping/fuelling point “,
“the point where the pipes enter the building”
moment
point
a particular time in an event or process
“At this point, people started to leave.”,
“It has got to the point where I can hardly bear to speak to him.”,
“That was a particularly low point in race relations.”
właśnie mieć coś zrobić , być na krawędzi czegoś
point
to be going to do something very soon
“Amy was on the point of crying.”
sens
point
the reason for or purpose of something
“What’s the point of studying if you can’t get a job afterwards?”,
“There’s no point inviting her - she never comes to parties.”
bez znaczenia
point
not important or not connected with what you are talking about
“The fact that he doesn’t want to come is beside the point - he should have been invited.”
zadbać o coś
point
to be certain that you always do a particular thing
“He made a point of learning all the names of his staff.”
na temat
point
If something someone says or writes is to the point, it expresses the most important things without extra details.
“His report was short and to the point.”
do pewnego stopnia
point
partly
“What he says is true up to a point.”
punkt
point
a unit used for showing who is winning in a game or competition
“With 3 games still to play, Manchester United are 5 points ahead.”
punkt
point
a unit used in some systems of measuring and comparing things
“The stock exchange fell by five points.”
temperatura lub punkt wrzenia /krzepnięcia /topnienia
point
the temperature at which a substance boils, freezes, or melts
punkt, cecha
point
a quality that someone has
“I know she’s bossy, but she has lots of good points too.”,
“Chemistry never was my strong point (= I was never good at it).”
kropka (dziesiętna )
point
the mark (.) that is used to separate the two parts of a decimal
“One mile equals one point six (= 1.6) kilometres.”
rumb
point
one of the marks on a compass (= object used for showing directions)
punkt
point
a unit of measurement of the size of letters, used in printing and on computers
wskazywać
point
to show where someone or something is by holding your finger or a thin object towards it
“She pointed at/to a bird flying overhead.”
skierować, wycelować
point
to hold something so that it faces towards something else
“She pointed her camera at them.”
być zwróconym
point
to face towards a particular direction
“The solar panels were pointing away from the sun.”
analiza
analysis
the process of analysing something
“a detailed analysis “,
“A sample of soil was sent for analysis.”
być, stanowić
be
used to describe or give information about someone or something
"I'm sixteen.", "I'm Andy.", "Her mother is a teacher.", "He's German.", "They were very upset.", "He was very ill last year.", "I'm sorry I'm late.", "They've been unlucky.", "Be quiet!"
jest/są itp.
be
used to show that someone or something exists
“There were about fifty people at the party.”,
“Is there a bank near here?”
być
be
used to show the position of someone or something
“It’s been in the cupboard for months.”,
“She’s in the kitchen.”
to (jest/był itp. )
be
used to give a fact or your opinion about something
“It’s not surprising that she left him.”,
“It’s a good idea to keep a spare key somewhere safe.”
(= używany w konstrukcji ciągłej z formą -ing czasownika, która wyraża czynność trwającą w danym momencie)
be
used with the present participle of other verbs to describe actions that are or were still continuing
“Where are you going?”,
“How long have you been sitting there?”,
“He was standing by the window.”,
“He’s working at the moment.”
(= konstrukcja ciągła może też wyrażać niedaleką przyszłość)
be
used with the present participle of other verbs, and sometimes after a modal verb, to describe actions that will happen in the future
“I’m going to France next week.”,
“I’ll be coming back on Tuesday.”
zostać, być, (= tworzy stronę bierną)
be
used with the past participle of other verbs to form the passive
“He was injured in a car crash.”,
“The results will be announced next week.”
jeśliby, gdyby, miałby itp. , W zdaniach warunkowych tego typu we wszystkich osobach występuje forma were
be
used in conditional sentences to say what might happen
“If he were to offer me the job, I’d take it.”
powinien
be
used to say that someone must or should do something
“You are not to see him again.”
mieć
be
used to show that something has been organized
“They are to stay with us when they arrive.”
sapać
pant
to breathe quickly and loudly because it is hot or because you have been running, etc
podobnie
similarly
in a similar way
korzeń
root
the part of a plant that grows under the ground and gets water and food from the soil
cebulka, korzeń
root
the part of a hair or tooth that is under the skin
źródło czegoś
root
the cause of something, usually something bad
“the root of all evil”
pierwiastek
root
The root of a particular number is another number which, when multiplied by itself one or more times, equals the first number.
stolica
capital
the most important city in a country or state, where the government is based
“Paris is the capital of France.”
kapitał
capital
an amount of money that you can use to start a business or to make more money
duża lub wielka litera
capital
a large letter of the alphabet used at the beginning of sentences and names
przestępstwo zagrożone karą śmierci
capital
a crime that can be punished by death
bieg
gear
a set of parts in a motor vehicle or bicycle that control how fast the wheels turn
“a mountain bike with 21 gears”,
“to change gear “
pierwszy/drugi/trzeci itp. bieg
gear
a particular position of the gears in a motor vehicle or bicycle that controls how fast the wheels turn
“The lights turned green, but I couldn’t get into first gear.”
sprzęt
gear
the clothes and equipment used for a particular purpose
“sports/swimming gear”,
“I’ve left all my gear at home.”
wszechstronny, wyczerpujący
comprehensive
including everything
“a comprehensive study of the subject”
szkoła ponadpodstawowa ogólnokształcąca
comprehensive
a school in Britain for students aged 11 to 18 of all levels of ability
na, w, przy
at
used to show the place or position of something or someone
“We met at the station.”,
“She was sitting at the table.”,
“She’s at the library.”
o
at
used to show the time something happens
“The meeting starts at three.”
do, w (kierunku )
at
towards or in the direction of
“She threw the ball at him.”,
“He’s always shouting at the children.”
w
at
used after an adjective to show a person’s ability to do something
“He’s good at making friends.”,
“I’ve always been useless at tennis.”
z powodu , w reakcji na
at
used to show the cause of something, especially a feeling
“We were surprised at the news.”
po, z szybkością
at
used to show the price, speed, level, etc of something
“He denied driving at 120 miles per hour.”
w (trakcie )
at
used to show a state or activity
“She was hard at work when I arrived.”,
“a country at war”
małpa
at
the @ symbol, used in email addresses to separate the name of a person, department, etc from the name of the organization or company
redaktor
editor
someone whose job is to prepare text, film, etc by deciding what to include and making mistakes correct
redaktor
editor
someone who is in charge of a newspaper or magazine
dystrybucja
distribution
the activity or work of supplying something or giving something out to people
“the sale and distribution of DVDs”
dystrybucja, podział
distribution
the way something is divided and shared in a group or area
“The distribution of wealth was very unequal.”
zachód
west
the direction that you face to see the sun go down
zachód
west
the part of an area that is further towards the west than the rest
Zachód
west
the countries of North America and western Europe
absolwent/ka
graduate
someone who has studied for and received a degree from a university
“a science graduate”
absolwent/ka
graduate
a person who has finished their school, college or university education
“a high-school graduate”
kończyć studia lub szkołę
graduate
to complete your education successfully at a university, college, or, in the US, at school
“He graduated from Cambridge University in 2006.”
awansować do czegoś lub na coś
graduate
to move up to something more advanced or important
