Deck 8 Flashcards
pismo, magazyn
magazine
a thin book published every week or month, that has shiny, colourful pages with articles and pictures
“a fashion/news magazine”
sos
sauce
a hot or cold liquid that you put on food to add flavour
“mint sauce”,
“pasta with tomato sauce”
bardzo, wielce
highly
very or to a large degree
“a highly effective treatment”,
“It is highly unlikely that they will succeed.”
wysoko
highly
at a high level
“a highly paid worker”
wysoko kogoś/coś oceniać
highly
to have or express a very good opinion of someone or something
“The course is very highly thought of.”
dyscyplina
discipline
the control of people’s behaviour using rules and punishments
“There should be better discipline in schools.”
dyscyplina, samozaparcie
discipline
the ability to control your own behaviour carefully
“I don’t have enough discipline to save money.”
dyscyplina, dziedzina
discipline
a particular subject of study
“the scientific disciplines”
dyscyplinować, karać
discipline
to punish someone
“He was disciplined for missing a training session.”
narzucać dyscyplinę
discipline
to teach someone to behave in a controlled way
“You have to learn to discipline yourself.”
hej
hey
used to get someone’s attention or to show that you are interested, excited, angry, etc
“Hey, Helen, look at this!”,
“Hey, wait a minute!”
postawa, stosunek
attitude
how you think or feel about something and how this makes you behave
“a positive attitude “,
“He has a very bad attitude to/towards work.”
przeżyć, przetrwać
survive
to continue to live after almost dying because of an accident, illness, etc
“He was born with a heart problem and only survived ten days.”,
“No one survived the plane crash.”
przetrwać
survive
to continue to exist after being in a difficult or dangerous situation
“Only two buildings survived the earthquake.”
przeżyć
survive
If you survive someone, you continue to live after they have died.
kontrowersyjny
controversial
causing a lot of disagreement or argument
“a controversial decision/issue “
transport, komunikacja, przewóz
transportation
a vehicle or system of vehicles, such as buses, trains, etc for getting from one place to another
“Bicycles are an efficient and cheap form of transportation.”
przewóz, transport
transportation
the activity of moving people or goods from one place to another
“transportation costs”
wiara
faith
the belief that someone or something is good, right, and able to be trusted
“Have faith in me. I won’t let you down.”
wiara
faith
strong belief in a god or gods
“Throughout her illness, she never lost her faith in God.”
religia
faith
a religion
“the Jewish and Christian faiths”
w dobrej wierze
faith
If you act in good faith, you believe that what you are doing is good, honest, or legal.
“Mr Daniels claims the money was given to him in good faith.”
opór
resistance
If there is resistance to a change, idea, etc, people disagree with it and refuse to accept it.
“resistance to political change”
opór
resistance
If someone puts up resistance, they fight against someone who is attacking them.
“She didn’t put up much resistance .”
odporność
resistance
the ability of your body to not be affected by illnesses
“Cold weather may lower the body’s resistance to infection.”
oporność
resistance
the degree to which a substance prevents the flow of an electric current through it
opór
resistance
a force that makes something move slowly or stop
istnienie
existence
the state of existing
“She never doubted the existence of God.”,
“The theatre company that we started is still in existence today.”,
“When did the Football League come into existence (= begin to exist)?”
egzystencja
existence
a particular way of life
“We could have a much more peaceful existence in the countryside.”
wyzwanie
challenge
something that is difficult and that tests someone’s ability or determination
“Finding a decision that pleases everyone is the challenge which now faces the committee.”,
“It was the element of challenge which attracted me to the job.”
wyzwanie
challenge
an invitation to compete in a game or a fight
“I’m sure Paul will race you. He never refuses a challenge.”
wyzwanie, kwestionowanie
challenge
an expression of disagreement with ideas, rules, or someone’s authority
“a challenge to the authority of the President”
kwestionować
challenge
to express disagreement with ideas, rules, or someone’s authority
“The election results are being challenged.”
rzucać wyzwanie
challenge
to invite someone to compete in a game or fight
“He challenged Smith to a fight.”
zwolenni-k/czka
supporter
someone who supports a particular idea, group, or person
“a strong supporter of the government”
kibic
supporter
someone who likes a particular sports team and wants them to win
“English football supporters”
dotyczyć, wpływać na, szkodzić
affect
to influence someone or something, or cause them to change
“It’s a disease which affects many older people.”,
“The building was badly affected by the fire.”
poruszać, wzruszać
affect
to cause a strong emotion, especially sadness
“I was deeply affected by the film.”
ubrania , ubranie
clothes
items such as shirts and trousers that you wear on your body
“She was wearing her sister’s clothes.”,
“to put on/take off your clothes “
rozmawiać
talk
to say things to someone
“We were just talking about Simon’s new girlfriend.”,
“The teacher’s always telling him to stop talking.”,
“It was nice talking to you.”,
“It was nice talking with you.”
prowadzić rozmowy , negocjować
talk
to discuss something with someone, often to try to find a solution to a disagreement
“The two sides have agreed to talk.”
planować coś
talk
to think about or make plans to do something in the future
“They’re talking about building a new fire station just up the road.”
rozmawiać o interesach /polityce itp.
talk
to discuss a particular subject
“I don’t like to talk business over lunch.”
à propos czegoś , jak już jesteśmy przy czymś
talk
used when you are going to start talking about something that is related to what has just been said
“Talking of holidays, did you hear about Lesley’s skiing trip?”
rozmowa
talk
a conversation between two people, often about a particular subject
“I had a long talk with Chris at the weekend about going to university.”
mowa
talk
a situation in which people talk about what might happen or be true
“There’s been some talk of possible job losses.”,
“There’s been a lot of talk about green issues lately.”
pogadanka, wykład
talk
an occasion when someone speaks to a group of people about a particular subject
“Someone’s coming to the school to give a talk about road safety.”
imigrant/ka
immigrant
someone who comes to live in a different country
śliczny
lovely
pleasant or enjoyable
“We had a lovely day together.”,
“What lovely weather.”
uroczy
lovely
very attractive
“a lovely dress/house/village”,
“You look lovely!”
czyjaś wina
fault
If something bad that has happened is someone’s fault, they are responsible for it.
“She believes it was the doctor’s fault that Peter died.”
winny
fault
responsible for something bad that has happened
“I was at fault and I would like to apologize.”
wada
fault
something that is wrong with something or with someone’s character
“The car has a serious design fault.”,
“One of his faults is that he’s a bad loser.”
krytykować kogoś/coś , czepiać się kogoś/czegoś
fault
to criticize someone or something, especially without good reasons
uskok
fault
a place where the layers of rock under the surface of the Earth have broken and the pieces on either side can move
zarzucać coś, krytykować
fault
to find a reason to criticize someone or something
“I can’t fault the way that they dealt with the complaint.”
choroba
illness
a disease of the body or mind
“a serious/terminal illness “,
“He died at the age of 83 after a long illness.”
choroba
illness
the state of being ill
“Unfortunately I couldn’t go because of illness.”
ubezpieczenie
insurance
an agreement in which you pay a company money and they pay your costs if you have an accident, injury, etc
“car/travel insurance “,
“an insurance policy “
śnieg
snow
soft white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky when the weather is cold
“children playing in the snow”
pada śnieg
snow
If it snows, snow falls from the sky.
“It snowed all day yesterday.”
być zasypanym śniegiem
snow
to be unable to leave a place because there is too much snow
“We were snowed in for two days.”
próbować
try
to attempt to do something
“I tried to open the window but couldn’t.”,
“Try not to drop anything this time.”
próbować
try
to do, test, taste, etc something to discover if it works or if you like it
“I tried that recipe you gave me last night.”,
“He tried the door, but the handle was broken.”,
“Why don’t you try using a different shampoo?”
sądzić, osądzać
try
to examine facts in a court of law to decide if someone is guilty of a crime
“He was tried for attempted murder.”
próba
try
an attempt to do something
“She suggested I should have a try.”
spróbować czegoś
try
to do something in order to find out if it works or if you like it
przyłożenie (piłki )
try
a way of scoring points in rugby (= game played with an oval ball) by putting the ball on the ground behind the other team’s goal line
strata, marnotrawstwo
waste
a bad use of something useful, such as time or money, when there is a limited amount of it
“Meetings are a waste of time.”,
“They throw away loads of food - it’s such a waste.”,
“a waste of energy/resources”
odpady
waste
things that are not wanted, especially what remains after you have used something
“household/nuclear waste “
marnować się
waste
to not be used
“I hate to see good food go to waste.”
marnować, trwonić
waste
to use too much of something or use something badly when there is a limited amount of it
“I don’t want to waste any more time so let’s start.”,
“Why waste your money on things you don’t need?”
marnować się u kogoś , ≈ szkoda czegoś dla kogoś
waste
to be clever or of high quality in a way that someone will not understand or enjoy
“Good coffee is wasted on Joe - he prefers instant.”
zużyty, odpadowy
waste
Waste material is not now needed and can be got rid of.
“waste paper “
co
what
used to ask for information about something
“What’s this?”,
“What time is it?”,
“What happened?”
co
what
used to refer to something without naming it
“I heard what he said.”,
“Do you know what I mean?”,
“What I like most about her is her honesty.”
co
what
used when you have not heard what someone has said and you want them to repeat it. Some people think this use is not very polite.
"”Do you want a drink Tom?” “What?””
co
what
used to ask what someone wants when they call you
"”Hey Jenny?” “Yes, what?””
co za …
what
used to give your opinion, especially when you have strong feelings about something
“What a mess!”,
“What an awful day!”
a może …?, co sądzisz o …?
what
used to suggest something
“What about asking Martin to help?”
po co …?
what
used to ask about the reason for something
“What are you doing that for?”,
““We really need a bigger car.” “What for?””
a (co będzie) jak lub jeśli …?
what
used to ask about something that could happen in the future, especially something bad
“What if I don’t pass my exams?”
co ( komuś ) jest ?, co się ( komuś ) stało ?
what
used to ask why someone is unhappy or angry
“What’s up, Angie? You look troubled.”
wszystko przez, zważywszy na
what
used to talk about the reasons for a particular situation, especially a bad or difficult situation
“I’m tired, what with travelling all day yesterday and sleeping badly.”
co więcej
what
used to add something surprising or interesting to what you have just said
światło
light
the brightness that shines from the sun, from fire, or from electrical equipment, allowing you to see things
“bright/dim light “,
“fluorescent/ultraviolet light”,
“a beam/ray of light”,
“Light was streaming in through the open door.”
światło
light
a device that produces light
“car lights”,
“to switch/turn the light on”,
“They must be in bed - I can’t see any lights on anywhere.”
ogień
light
a flame from a match, etc used to make a cigarette start burning
“Have you got a light, please?”
podpalić coś
light
to make something start burning
w świetle czegoś
light
If something is done or happens in the light of facts, it is done or happens because of those facts.
“The drug has been withdrawn in the light of new research.”
lekki
light
not heavy
“light clothing/machinery”,
“I can carry both bags - they’re quite light.”
lekki
light
small in amount
“light rain/snow”,
“The traffic’s much lighter than I expected.”,
“I only had a light lunch.”
lekki
light
not strong or not forceful
“a light breeze”,
“a light embrace”
jasny
light
Light colours are pale.
“light brown/green”,
“a light blue cardigan”
lekki
light
easy to understand and not serious
“light entertainment “,
“I’m taking some light reading on holiday.”
bagatelizować coś
light
to talk or behave as if you do not think a problem is serious
“I just laughed and tried to make light of it.”
jest jasno
light
it is bright from the sun
“Let’s go now while it’s still light.”
zapalać (się)
light
to start to burn, or to make something start to burn
“to light a candle/cigarette/fire “,
“The wood was damp and wouldn’t light.”
oświetlać
light
to produce light somewhere so that you can see things
“The room was lit by a single light bulb.”,
“Burning buildings lit up the sky.”
duży
large
big in size or amount
"a large number of people", "a large amount of money", "Police discovered a large quantity of drugs in the van.", "She comes from quite a large family.", "The shirt was a bit too large."
być na wolności
large
If someone dangerous is at large, they are not in prison.
ogół kogoś/czegoś
large
people or things in general
“This group is not representative of the population at large.”
przystosowywać się
adapt
to change your behaviour so that it is suitable for a new situation
“It takes time to adapt to a new working environment.”
przystosowywać
adapt
to change something so that it is suitable for a different use or situation
“Courses have to be adapted for different markets.”
adaptować, przerabiać
adapt
to change a book or play so that it can be made into a film or television programme
“Both novels have been adapted for television.”
głównie
mostly
mainly or most of the time
“She reads mostly romantic novels.”
zeznawać
testify
to say what you know or believe is true in a law court
“Elliott testified that he had met the men in a bar.”
wciągać, angażować
engage
to interest someone in something and keep them thinking about it
“The debate about food safety has engaged the whole nation.”
zatrudniać, angażować
engage
to employ someone
“I have engaged a secretary to deal with all my paperwork.”
poza tym
otherwise
except for what has just been referred to
“She hurt her arm in the accident, but otherwise she was fine.”
inaczej, co innego
otherwise
different to what has just been stated
“It’s obvious they’re in love, so it’s silly of them to pretend otherwise.”,
“I’ll meet you there at 6 o’clock unless I hear otherwise.”,
“I’d like to help you with any problems, financial or otherwise.”
w przeciwnym razie
otherwise
used when saying what will happen if someone does not obey an order or do what has been suggested
“You’d better phone home, otherwise your parents will start to worry.”,
“He ought to pay the fine, otherwise he might go to prison.”
ciasteczko, herbatnik
cookie
a thin, flat cake that is dry and usually sweet
(plik) cookie, ciasteczko
cookie
a piece of information stored on your computer that contains information about Internet documents you have looked at
szczyt
summit
an important meeting between the leaders of two or more governments
“a two-day summit”,
“a summit meeting”
szczyt
summit
the top of a mountain
“The climbers hope to reach the summit before nightfall.”
oczekiwać, spodziewać się
expect
to think that something will happen
“He didn’t expect to see me.”,
“I expect that she’ll be very angry about this.”
oczekiwać na kogoś/coś , spodziewać się kogoś/czegoś
expect
to be waiting for someone or something to arrive
“We’ve been expecting you.”,
“I’m expecting a letter from my sister.”
oczekiwać, wymagać
expect
to think that someone should behave in a particular way or do a particular thing
“I expect punctuality from my students.”,
“You will be expected to work some weekends.”
pewnie, spodziewam się
expect
used to show that you think that something is likely to be true
“I expect Isabel’s told you about me?”,
““Will you be coming to the party?” “I expect so.””
spodziewać się (dziecka )
expect
to be going to have a baby
“I’m expecting my first baby in May.”
przerywać
pause
to stop doing something for a short time
“She paused for a moment and looked around her.”
sypialnia
bedroom
a room used for sleeping in
nosić, mieć na sobie
wear
to have a piece of clothing, jewellery, etc on your body
“I wear jeans a lot of the time.”,
“She wears glasses.”,
“I don’t usually wear make-up for work.”
mieć na twarzy
wear
to show a particular emotion on your face.
“He was wearing a smile/frown.”
czesać, nosić
wear
to arrange or grow your hair in a particular way
“She usually wears her hair in a ponytail.”
przecierać (się), zużywać (się)
wear
to become thin and damaged after being used a lot, or to make this happen
“The carpet is already starting to wear in places.”,
“He keeps wearing holes in his socks.”
zużycie
wear
damage that happens to something when it is used a lot
“The furniture is already showing signs of wear.”
użytek
wear
how much you wear a piece of clothing
“These clothes are not for everyday wear.”
być w kiepskim stanie
wear
to be in a bad state or condition
“He looked a little the worse for wear this morning.”
odzież
wear
used at the end of words that describe a particular type of clothes
“menswear/swimwear”
inwestor
investor
someone who puts money in a bank, business, etc in order to make a profit
dostosować, dopasować, ustawiać
pitch
to make something suitable for a particular level or group of people
“His talk was pitched at slightly too high a level for the audience.”
zachwalać, reklamować
pitch
to try to persuade someone to do something
“She pitched the idea to me over lunch.”,
“They are pitching for new business at the moment.”
rzucać kimś/czymś /się gdzieś , runąć
pitch
to suddenly move in a particular direction, or to make someone or something suddenly move in a particular direction
“He braked too hard and the car pitched forward.”,
“She pitched the stone into the river.”
rozbijać namiot
pitch
to choose a place for a tent and put it there
miotać, rzucać, grać na pozycji miotacza
pitch
in baseball, to throw the ball towards the person who is going to hit it
“He used to pitch for the Chicago White Sox.”
stroić, dobierać wysokość dźwięku
pitch
to make sound at a particular level
“The tune was pitched much too high for me.”
boisko
pitch
an area of ground where a sport is played
“a cricket/football pitch”
rzut
pitch
in baseball, a throw towards the person who is going to hit the ball
“He struck out two batters with six pitches.”
strój, tonacja
pitch
how high or low a sound is
sposób reklamy
pitch
the things someone says in order to persuade you to do something
“I wasn’t very impressed by his sales pitch.”
pistolet, strzelba, broń palna
gun
a weapon that you fire bullets out of
piękno, piękność
beauty
the quality of being beautiful
“The whole area is famous for its natural beauty.”,
“a beauty contest (= competition to find the most beautiful woman) “
genialność czegoś
beauty
the quality that makes something especially good or attractive
“The beauty of the plan is that it won’t cost anything.”
kosmetyk/zabieg kosmetyczny
beauty
a product or treatment to make you more beautiful
coś pięknego , poezja
beauty
something that is an excellent example of its type
“That last goal was a beauty.”
piękność
beauty
a beautiful woman
psycholog
psychologist
someone who has studied the human mind and feelings
przedmiot, obiekt
object
a thing that you can see or touch but that is usually not alive
“a bright, shiny object”
cel czegoś
object
the purpose of something
“The object of the game is to score more points than the opposing team.”
obiekt lub przedmiot czyichś uczuć/ czyjegoś pożądania itp.
object
the cause of someone’s feelings
“He’s the object of my affection.”
dopełnienie
object
in grammar, the person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb
sprzeciwiać się, protestować
object
to feel or say that you do not like or do not approve of something or someone
“We objected to his unreasonable demands.”,
“Would anyone object if I were to leave early?”
umysł, głowa
mind
someone’s memory or their ability to think, feel emotions, and be aware of things
“For some reason her words stuck in my mind.”,
“She has a very logical mind.”
mieć coś na głowie
mind
to think or worry about something
“Jim has a lot on his mind at the moment.”
pamiętać o kimś/czymś
mind
to remember someone or something that may be useful in the future
“I’ll keep you in mind if another job comes up.”,
“Bear in mind that there’s a bank holiday next week.”
zdecydować się
mind
to make a decision
“I haven’t made up my mind whether to go yet.”
zmienić zdanie
mind
to change a decision or opinion
“We’ve changed our minds about selling the house.”
przychodzić do głowy
mind
If an idea comes to mind, it is the first thing you think of.
“I was thinking about who might be suitable for this job, and your name came to mind.”
przykładać się do czegoś
mind
to give your full attention to something
“You could win if you put your mind to it.”
postradać rozum lub zmysły
mind
to be crazy or very stupid
“You must be out of your mind going running on a night like this!”
odchodzić od zmysłów ze zmartwienia /z żalu itp.
mind
to be very worried or upset
mieć coś naprzeciw lub przeciwko
mind
to be annoyed or worried by something
“Do you think he’d mind if I borrowed his book?”,
“Tim won’t mind lending you his car.”,
“He doesn’t seem to mind doing all the driving.”,
“I don’t mind taking her (= I am willing to take her) if you’re too busy.”
pilnować, doglądać
mind
to look after someone or something
“Could you mind my suitcase while I go to the toilet?”,
“Who’s minding the baby?”
czy mógłby Pan/mogłaby Pani/mógłbym …
mind
something you say when politely asking someone to do something
“Do you mind not smoking in here, please?”,
“Would you mind if I borrowed your phone?”
uważać na
mind
something you say when telling someone to be careful with something dangerous
“Mind the iron - it’s still very hot!”
(nic) nie szkodzi a co dopiero
mind
something that you say to tell someone that something is not importantsomething you say to emphasize that something is impossible
"”I forgot to bring any money.” “Never mind, you can pay me next week.””,
“I can’t afford to buy a bike, never mind a car!”
ale
mind
something you say before saying the opposite of what you have just said
“We had a lovely holiday in France. Mind you, the weather was appalling.”
badanie, analiza, kontrola
examination
an occasion when someone looks at something very carefully
“a medical examination “,
“a close examination of the facts”
egzamin
examination
an exam
“a written examination”
proces (sądowy), rozprawa (sądowa )
trial
a legal process to decide if someone is guilty of a crime
“The two men are now on trial for attempted murder.”,
“He will be taken to the US to stand trial.”
próba, test
trial
a test of something new to find out if it is safe, works correctly, etc
“The drug is currently undergoing clinical trials.”
metoda prób i błędów
trial
a way of learning the best way to do something by trying different methods
“There aren’t any instructions with it - it’s just a matter of trial and error.”
rozwijać się, ewoluować
evolve
to develop from other forms of life over millions of years
rozwijać się
evolve
to develop or make something develop, usually gradually
“rapidly evolving technology”
miska
bowl
a round, deep dish used for holding soup and other food
“a bowl of rice/soup”
toczyć, grać w kręgle
bowl
to roll a ball along a surface as part of a game
serwować
bowl
in cricket, to throw a ball to the person who has to hit it
potencjalny
potentially
A potential problem, employer, partner, etc may become one in the future, although they are not one now.
“a potential danger/threat “,
“a potential customer “,
“A number of potential buyers have expressed interest in the building.”
potencjał
potentially
qualities or abilities that may develop and allow someone or something to succeed
“to achieve your full potential “,
“She has a lot of potential as a writer.”
szansa na coś potencjał
potentially
the possibility that something may happenthe difference in voltage (= how strong an electrical current is) between two points
“There is the potential for some really interesting research.”
całkowicie, w pełni
fully
completely
“The restaurant was fully booked.”,
“He is fully aware of the dangers involved.”
prosty
simple
not difficult to do or to understand
“It’s very simple to use.”,
“Just mix all the ingredients together - it’s as simple as that.”
prosty
simple
not complicated or containing details that are not necessary
“a simple life”,
“a simple black dress (= dress without decoration) “
prosty
simple
used to describe the one important fact, truth, etc
“We chose her for the simple reason that she’s the best person for the job.”
warstwa
layer
an amount of a substance covering a surface, or one of several amounts of substance, each on top of the other
“the outer/top layer “,
“Place alternate layers of pasta and meat sauce in a shallow dish.”,
“The shelf was covered in a thick layer of dust.”
kulturowy
cultural
relating to the habits, traditions, and beliefs of a society
“cultural diversity/identity”
kulturalny
cultural
relating to music, art, theatre, literature, etc
“cultural events”
głęboko
deeply
very much
“I have fallen deeply in love with her.”
oddychać głęboko, wziąć głęboki oddech
deeply
to fill your lungs with air
dług
debt
an amount of money that you owe someone
“She’s working in a bar to try to pay off her debts.”
dług
debt
a situation in which you owe money to someone
“We don’t want to get into debt.”,
“He’s heavily in debt.”
mieć u kogoś dług wdzięczności
debt
to feel grateful to someone who has helped you or given you something
“I shall forever be in your debt.”
symbol
symbol
a sign or object that is used to represent something
“A heart shape is the symbol of love.”
symbol
symbol
a number, letter, or sign that is used instead of the name of a chemical substance, another number, etc
“The symbol for oxygen is O.”
zakończyć (się)
conclude
to end something such as a meeting, speech, or piece of writing by doing or saying one last thing
“The concert concluded with a firework display.”,
“I would like to conclude by thanking you all for attending.”
dochodzić do wniosku
conclude
to decide something after studying all the information about it very carefully
“The report concluded that the drug was safe.”
sfinalizować, zakończyć
conclude
to complete something, especially an agreement or a business arrangement
“Talks aimed at concluding the peace treaty will begin tomorrow.”
koło, okrąg
circle
a round, flat shape like the letter O, or a group of people or things arranged in this shape
“We all sat on the floor in a circle.”
krąg
circle
a group of people with family, work, or social connections
“a close circle of friends”,
“It’s a technical term used in medical circles.”
balkon
circle
the seats in the upper area of a theatre
krążyć, okrążać
circle
to move in a circle, often around something
“Birds circled above the trees.”
zakreślać
circle
to draw a circle around something
“Circle the answer you think is correct.”
drzewo
tree
a tall plant with a thick stem that has branches coming from it and leaves
przybywać, przyjeżdżać, przychodzić
arrive
to get to a place
“When he first arrived in New York, he didn’t speak a word of English.”,
“We were the last to arrive at the station.”,
“A letter arrived for you this morning.”
znajdować odpowiedź/podejmować decyzję /dochodzić do wniosku
arrive
to find an answer to a problem or make a decision after a lot of discussion
“We didn’t arrive at any firm conclusions.”
przychodzić, nastać
arrive
to happen or start to exist
“Summer had finally arrived.”
cześć
hi
hello
“Hi! How’s it going?”
spadać, padać
fall
to move down towards the ground
“Huge drops of rain were falling from the sky.”,
“By winter, all the leaves had fallen off the trees.”
spadać, upadać
fall
to suddenly go down and hit the ground without intending to
“She fell off her bike and broke her arm.”
opadać
fall
to become less in number or amount
“Housing prices have fallen by 15% since last year.”,
“Temperatures are expected to fall from 15°C to 9°C.”
podupadać
fall
to become worse, or start to be in a bad situation or condition
“Education standards are continuing to fall.”,
“Empty for 30 years, the building had fallen into ruin (= become very damaged).”
zasnąć/zachorować/zamilknąć itp.
fall
to start to sleep/become sick/become quiet, etc
“I fell asleep on the sofa watching TV.”
zapada zmierzch/noc
fall
used to say that it is becoming dark
upadać
fall
to lose power and start to be controlled by a different leader
“In 1453 the city fell to the Turks.”
opadać
fall
to hang down
“Her long blonde hair fell softly over her shoulders.”
spadek
fall
a reduction in the number or amount of something
“There’s been a sharp fall in prices.”
upadek
fall
a movement of someone or something down to the ground
“a heavy fall of snow”,
“The climbers were rushed to hospital after being injured in a fall.”
jesień
fall
the season of the year between summer and winter, when leaves fall from the trees
“He started a new job in the fall.”
upadek
fall
an occasion when a city, government, leader, etc loses power or control
“the fall of communism”
zaleta, (cenny) nabytek
asset
a person, skill, or quality that is useful or helps you to succeed
“He’ll be a great asset to the team.”
≈ aktywa
asset
something that a person or company owns that has a value
“The company has $70 billion in assets.”
pięta
heel
the back part of your foot
obcas
heel
the part of a shoe that is under your heel
“high heels”
burmistrz/yni
mayor
the person who is elected to be the leader of the group that governs a town or city
obraźliwy
offensive
likely to make people angry or upset
“an offensive remark “
ofensywny
offensive
used for attacking
“an offensive weapon “
ofensywa, atak
offensive
an attack
“It’s time to launch a major offensive against terrorism.”
-
hell
short for he will
“He’ll be home soon.”
piekło
hell
according to some religions, the place where bad people go when they die
piekło
hell
an experience that is very unpleasant
“It’s been hell working with him.”
do diabła
hell
used to emphasize something in a rude or angry way
“What the hell are you doing here?”
niesamowity
hell
used to say that someone or something is very good, big, etc
“a hell of a noise”,
“He’s one hell of a tennis player.”
z piekła rodem , koszmarny
hell
used to say that someone or something is extremely bad
“We had the holiday from hell.”
jak diabli
hell
very much
“It’s raining like hell out there.”
mechanizm
mechanism
a part of a piece of equipment that does a particular job
“The clock’s winding mechanism had broken.”
mechanizm
mechanism
a system for achieving something, or the way that a system works
“We need a mechanism for resolving this sort of dispute.”
pasażer/ka
passenger
someone who is travelling in a vehicle, but not controlling the vehicle
“a front-seat passenger”,
“a passenger seat/train”
lato
summer
the season of the year between spring and autumn, when the weather is warmest
“We usually go away in the summer.”,
“a long, hot summer”
chyba
surely
used to express surprise that something has happened or is going to happen
“You surely didn’t tell him, did you?”,
“Surely you’re not going to go out dressed like that?”
materiał
material
a solid substance from which things can be made
“building materials”,
“Crude oil is used as the raw material for making plastics.”
materiał
material
cloth for making clothes, curtains, etc
“Her dress was made of a soft, silky material.”
materiał
material
the facts or ideas in a piece of writing
“I’m collecting material for an article that I’m writing.”
materialny
material
relating to money and possessions and not emotions or thoughts
“Material wealth never interested her.”,
“the material world “
liczyć
count
to see how many people or things there are
“She began to count the students to make sure everyone was there.”,
“I counted the money on the table.”
liczyć
count
to say numbers in their correct order
“Can you count to twenty in French?”
uważać
count
to think of someone or something in a particular way
“She counted Tim as her closest friend.”,
“You should count yourself lucky you weren’t hurt.”
liczyć się
count
to be important
“I believe that health and happiness count more than money.”,
“Doesn’t my opinion count for anything?”
wliczać
count
to include something or someone in a calculation
“There are 1500 people at my school, counting teachers.”
liczyć się
count
to be accepted or allowed as part of something
“I’ve been to sixteen different countries, but I only spent half an hour in Luxembourg, so that doesn’t really count.”
obliczenie
count
an occasion when you count something, or the total number you get after counting
“At the last count there were 410 club members.”
stracić rachubę
count
to forget how many of something there is
“I’ve lost count of the number of times she’s arrived late.”
we wszystkich /w obu /kilku itp. przypadkach
count
in all, both, several, etc parts of a situation, argument, etc
“I had been wrong on both counts.”
hrabia
count
a man of high social rank in some European countries
przypadek
count
one of the times that someone has been accused of a particular crime
“He was charged with two counts of assault.”
zapewnienie
provision
the act of providing something for someone
“We need to increase the provision of health care for the elderly.”
zabezpieczać się na wypadek czegoś , przygotowywać się na coś
provision
to make arrangements to deal with something
“He hasn’t made any provision for his retirement yet.”
klauzula, warunek
provision
a rule that is part of a law or an agreement
orzech
nut
the dry fruit of some trees that grows in a hard shell, and can often be eaten
“a brazil/cashew nut”
nakrętka
nut
a piece of metal with a hole in it through which you put a bolt (= metal pin) to hold pieces of wood or metal together
entuzjast-a/ka, maniak
nut
a person who is keen on a particular subject or hobby
“She’s a real sports nut.”
marka
brand
a product that is made by a particular company
“Which brand of toothpaste do you use?”
odmiana
brand
a particular type of something
“The team plays a distinctive brand of football.”
napiętnować
brand
to describe someone or something in a way that makes them seem bad
“The media branded him a liar.”
znakować
brand
to burn a mark on an animal to show who owns it
(bardzo) istotny
vital
necessary
“Tourism is vital to the country’s economy.”,
“It’s vital that you send off this form today.”
pełen życia
vital
full of energy
-
shell
short for she will
“She’ll be away until Tuesday.”
skorupa, skorupka, łupina, muszla
shell
the hard outer covering of some creatures and of eggs, nuts, or seeds
“a snail’s shell”,
“an egg shell”
pocisk
shell
a bomb fired from a large gun
ostrzeliwać
shell
to attack a place with bombs
na przykład
instance
for example
“Many teenagers earn money, for instance by babysitting or cleaning cars.”
przykład
instance
an example of a particular type of event, situation, or behaviour
“There have been several instances of violence in the school.”
ciągnąć (za), pociągać (za)
pull
to take hold of something and move it somewhere
“If you keep pulling his tail, he’ll bite you.”,
“No wonder it’s not working, someone’s pulled the plug out.”,
“He pulled off his boots.”,
“She bent down and pulled up her socks.”
naciągnąć sobie mięsień
pull
to injure a muscle by stretching it too much
grozić komuś pistoletem /nożem itp.
pull
to suddenly take out a weapon
“He pulled a gun on us and demanded money.”
przyciąganie
pull
a strong force that causes something to move somewhere or be attracted to something
świetny
greatest
very good
“We had a great time.”,
“I’ve had a great idea!”
wielki
greatest
important or famous
“a great statesman/novelist”
wielki
greatest
large in amount, size, or degree
“a great crowd of people”
wielki
greatest
extreme
“great success/difficulty”
bardzo wielki/długi itp.
greatest
very big/long, etc
“I gave her a great big hug.”
mnóstwo
greatest
a large number
pradziadek/prababcia, pradziad/prababka
greatest
the father/mother of your grandfather or grandmother
babka/dziadek cioteczn-y/a lub stryjeczn-y/a
greatest
the aunt/uncle of your mother or father
prawnuk/prawnuczka itp.
greatest
the child/daughter, etc of your grandson or granddaughter
kuzynka/kuzyn, córka/syn bratanicy lub bratanka lub siostrzenicy lub siostrzeńca
greatest
the daughter/son of your niece or nephew
ciasny, pewny, szczelny, dokręcony
tight
firm and difficult to move
“Make sure the knot is tight.”
ciasny, obcisły
tight
fitting your body very closely
“a tight skirt”
ścisły, ostry
tight
controlled and obeying all rules completely
“tight security”,
“They kept tight control of the school budget.”
napięty, naprężony
tight
If cloth, wire, skin, etc is tight, it has been pulled so that it is straight or smooth.
ledwie wystarczający, ≈ krucho (z)
tight
If money, time, or space is tight, there is only just enough of it.
“We should get six people into the car but it will be tight.”
mocno, ciasno, szczelnie
tight
very firmly or closely
“He held her tight.”
wszystko
everything
all things or each thing
“They lost everything in the fire.”,
“You can’t blame Tom for everything that goes wrong.”,
“What’s the matter Nick, is everything all right?”
wszystko inne
everything
all the other things
“The meat tasted strange, but everything else was okay.”
być wszystkim
everything
to be the most important part of someone’s life
“His children mean everything to him.”,
“Money isn’t everything.”
mnóstwo, pod dostatkiem , (bardzo lub wystarczająco) dużo
plenty
easily as much or as many as you need
“Don’t bring any food - we’ve got plenty.”,
“There is plenty of evidence to support her claims.”,
“There’s plenty of room.”,
“Help yourself to food - there’s plenty more.”
wystarczająco duży/szeroki itp.
plenty
easily as big/large/wide, etc as you need something to be
“This house is plenty big enough for two families.”
mnóstwo
plenty
a lot
“I know plenty of unemployed musicians.”,
“There’s plenty for you to do.”,
“He has plenty to say on the subject.”
komputer (osobisty), pecet
PC
a personal computer
(szeregow-y/a ) policjant/ka, posterunkowy
PC
abbreviation for police constable (= a police officer of the lowest rank)
politycznie poprawny
PC
abbreviation for politically correct (= careful to speak or behave in a way which is not offensive to women, people of a particular race, or people who have physical or mental problems)
róg
corner
the point or area where two lines, walls, or roads meet
“the corner of the table”,
“There was a television in the corner of the room.”,
“The restaurant is on/at the corner of Ross Street and Mill Road.”,
“Write your name in the top right-hand corner of the answer sheet.”
zakątek
corner
a part of a larger area, often somewhere quiet or far away
“He lives in a beautiful corner of northern California.”
rzut rożny
corner
a kick or hit taken from the corner of the field in some games, especially football
kątem oka
corner
If you see something out of the corner of your eye, you just see it, but do not look at it directly.
przypierać do muru , osaczyć
corner
to force a person or animal into a situation or place from which it is hard to escape
“His attackers cornered him in a dark alley.”
zmonopolizować rynek
corner
to become so successful at selling or making a particular product that almost no one else sells or makes it
wkrótce
shortly
If something is going to happen shortly, it will happen soon.
“Our plans for the next year will be announced shortly.”
tuż przed/po czymś
shortly
a short time after or before something
“He left here shortly after midnight.”
przekształcać, zamieniać
convert
to change the appearance, form, or purpose of something
“The old warehouse was converted into offices.”,
“How do you convert miles into kilometres?”
nawracać (się), przechodzić
convert
to change to a new religion, belief, etc, or to make someone do this
“When did he convert to Islam?”
nawrócon-y/a
convert
someone who has been persuaded to change to a different religion or belief
“a Catholic convert”
smak
taste
the flavour of a particular food in your mouth
“a sweet/bitter taste “,
“It’s got quite a strong taste.”
smak
taste
the ability to feel different flavours in your mouth
“When you’ve got a cold you often lose your sense of taste.”
odrobina na spróbowanie
taste
a small amount of food that you have in order to try it
“Could I have just a taste of the sauce?”
gust, upodobanie
taste
the particular things you like, such as styles of music, clothes, decoration, etc
“I don’t like his taste in music.”,
“It’s okay, but it’s not really to my taste.”
gust
taste
the ability to judge what is attractive or suitable, especially in things related to art, style, beauty, etc
“Everything in his house is beautiful - he’s got very good taste.”
być w dobrym guście lub tonie
taste
to be acceptable in a way that will not upset or anger people
być w złym guście lub tonie
taste
to be unacceptable in a way that will upset or anger people
“He told a joke about a plane crash which I thought was in rather poor taste.”
upodobanie do czegoś
taste
when you like or enjoy something
“I’ve developed a bit of a taste for opera.”,
“Over the years I’ve lost my taste for travel.”
zetknięcie z czymś , smak czegoś
taste
a short experience of something new
“That was my first taste of Mexican culture.”
mieć dziwny/przyjemny/słodki itp. smak
taste
If food tastes a particular way, it has that flavour.
“This sauce tastes strange.”,
“It tastes of chocolate.”
można wyczuć coś
taste
to be able to experience a particular flavour in a food
“You can really taste the garlic in it.”
próbować, kosztować
taste
to put food or drink in your mouth to find out what its flavour is like
“I always taste food while I’m cooking it.”
zmniejszać się, spadać
decrease
to become less, or to make something become less
“During the summer months, rainfall decreases.”
reguła, przepis, zasada
rule
an official instruction about what you must or must not do
“to break (= not obey) the rules.”,
“to obey/follow the rules “,
“You can’t smoke at school, it’s against the rules (= not allowed).”
rządy , władza
rule
control of a country by a particular person or country
“military rule”,
“There have been reports of immense human suffering under his rule.”
reguła, zasada
rule
the usual way something is
“an exception to the rule”,
“Workers in the North are, as a rule, paid less than those in the South.”
reguła, zasada
rule
a principle of a system, such as a language or science
“the rules of grammar”
orzekać, wydawać orzeczenie
rule
to make an official legal decision
“The judge ruled that it was wrong for a 16-year-old girl to be held in an adult prison.”
rządzić
rule
to be in control of somewhere, usually a country
“They were ruled for many years by a dictator.”,
“the ruling party”
pewny
certain
completely sure of something, or knowing without doubt that something is true
“I feel absolutely certain that you’re doing the right thing.”,
“Nobody was certain how the accident had happened.”,
“He was quite certain about/of the thief’s identity.”
być pewnym
certain
to know something without doubt
“We don’t know for certain whether she’s coming.”
pewny
certain
sure to happen, to do something, or to be true
“It now looks certain that she will resign.”,
“She is certain to do well UK in the exams/ US on the exams.”,
“How can we make certain that (= do something to be sure that) she sees the note?”,
“One thing is certain. Her attacker knew where she lived.”
pewien
certain
used to refer to a particular person or thing without naming or describing them exactly
“The museum is only open at certain times of the day.”,
“Certain people react badly to these drugs.”
pewien
certain
used before a noun to mean existing, but difficult to describe the exact quality or amount
“He’s got a certain charm.”,
“You have to have a certain amount of courage to perform in public.”
niektórzy
certain
used to refer to some of a group of people or things
“Certain of you already know the news.”
reputacja
reputation
the opinion that people have about someone or something based on their behaviour or character in the past
“Both hotels have a good reputation.”,
“He has a reputation for efficiency.”
oskarżać
accuse
to say that someone has done something bad
“He was falsely accused of murder.”,
“She accused Andrew of lying to her.”
zasługiwać na
deserve
If you deserve something good or bad, it should happen to you because of the way you have behaved.
“The school deserves praise for the way it has raised standards.”,
“He deserves to be locked up for life.”
tworzyć
create
to make something happen or exist
“The project will create more than 500 jobs.”,
“The snow created further problems.”
świeżo, niedawno, nowo
newly
recently
“a newly married couple”,
“newly built houses”
silnik
motor
the part of a machine or vehicle that changes electricity or fuel into movement and makes it work
“an electric motor”
samochodowy, motoryzacyjny
motor
relating to cars
“motor racing”
