Deck 26 Flashcards
być zaangażowanym /zaangażować się (w coś )
involved
to do things and be part of an activity or event
“How did you get involved in acting?”
mieć/nawiązać romans lub związek z kimś
involved
to have a sexual or romantic relationship with someone
“She got involved with a boy from college.”
zawiły, skomplikowany
involved
complicated
“a long and involved story”
członkostwo
membership
the state of belonging to a group or an organization
“I’ve applied for membership of the union.”,
“a membership card/fee “
liczba członków
membership
the people who belong to a group or an organization
“Union membership is now over three million and rising.”
historyczny
historical
relating to events or people in the past, or the study of history
“a historical novel”,
“historical documents”
przepis
recipe
a list of foods and a set of instructions telling you how to cook something
“a recipe for carrot cake”
gwarantować katastrofę/kłopoty/sukces, stanowić receptę na katastrofę/kłopoty/sukces itp.
recipe
to be likely to become a disaster, a success, etc
podstawowy, zasadniczy
fundamental
relating to the most important or main part of something
“a fundamental change/difference”,
“Training is fundamental to success.”
produkcja
manufacturing
the production of something, usually in large quantities in a factory
“car/food manufacturing”,
“manufacturing industry”
wybierać
select
to choose someone or something
“We’ve selected three candidates.”
ekskluzywny, wybrany
select
consisting of only a small group of people who have been specially chosen
“a select group “
seria
series
several things or events of the same type that come one after the other
“a series of lectures”
serial
series
a group of television or radio programmes that have the same main characters or deal with the same subject
“a four-part drama series”
reakcja, odpowiedź
response
an answer or reaction to something that has been said or done
“The President’s comments provoked an angry response from students.”,
“I’m writing in response to your letter of 14 February.”
oficjalny
formal
used about clothes, language, and behaviour that are serious and not friendly or relaxed
“a formal dinner party”
oficjalny
formal
public or official
“a formal announcement/apology “
formalny
formal
Formal education, training, etc happens in a school or college.
“Tom had little formal schooling.”
inżynieria
engineering
the work of an engineer, or the study of this work
“She studied engineering at the University of Michigan.”,
“mechanical engineering”
popularny
popular
liked by many people
“‘Jack’ was the most popular boy’s name.”,
“The North African coast is becoming increasingly popular with British tourists.”
popularny
popular
for or involving ordinary people and not specialists or people who are very educated
“The issue was given full coverage in the popular press.”
powszechny
popular
A popular belief, opinion, etc is one that many people have.
“The allegations are false, contrary to popular belief.”
zbłąkany, zgubiony, ≈ zgubić się
lost
not knowing where you are or where you should go
“I got lost on the way.”
zagubiony, zaginiony, ≈ ginąć
lost
If something is lost, no one knows where it is.
“Things tend to get lost when you move house.”,
“Lost: black cat with white paws.”
zagubiony
lost
not knowing what to do in a new situation
“It was his first day in the office and he seemed a bit lost.”
być bez kogoś/czegoś jak bez ręki
lost
to be unable to live or work without someone or something
“She’s lost without her computer.”
nie zostać zrozumianym przez kogoś , ≈ ktoś czegoś nie zrozumiał
lost
If a joke or remark is lost on someone, they do not understand it.
Spadaj !
lost
an impolite way of telling someone to go away
-
lost
past of lose
plik
file
a piece of text, a picture, or a computer program stored on a computer
“Do you want to download all these files?”
kartoteka, akta
file
a collection of information and documents about someone or something
“The school keeps files on all its pupils.”
teczka, segregator
file
a box or folded piece of thick paper used to put documents in
“He keeps all his bank statements in a file.”
w aktach
file
If information is on file, it is recorded and stored somewhere.
“The police have kept all the details on file.”
pilnik
file
a small tool with a rough edge that is used to make a surface smooth
“a nail file “
gęsiego, jeden za drugim
file
in a line with one person following the other
katalogować, włączać do dokumentacji
file
to put documents into an ordered system of boxes or files where you can easily find them again
“She filed all her tax returns under T.”
wnosić np. oskarżenie
file
to officially state that you are going to take someone to court
“The police filed charges against the suspect.”,
“His wife’s filing for divorce.”
piłować
file
to rub something with a rough tool in order to make it smooth
iść gęsiego, iść jeden za drugim
file
to walk somewhere in a line, one behind the other
“The audience slowly filed back to their seats.”
technika, technologia
technology
knowledge, equipment, and methods that are used in science and industry
“computer technology”
paliwo
fuel
a substance that is burned to provide heat or power
“The plane ran out of fuel and had to land at sea.”,
“fuel bills”
podsycać
fuel
to make people’s ideas or feelings stronger, or to make a situation worse
“an atmosphere of hatred fuelled by alcohol”,
“Newspaper reports are fuelling fears about GM foods.”
golf
golf
a game on grass where players try to hit a small ball into a series of holes using a long, thin stick
naprawiać
fix
to repair something
“My watch is broken - can you fix it?”
ustalać
fix
to decide a certain and exact date, price, plan, etc
“Let’s fix a day to have lunch together.”,
“The price has been fixed at $10.”
przymocować coś gdzieś
fix
to fasten something in a particular place
“They fixed the bookcase to the wall.”
zrobić, przygotować
fix
to prepare a drink or meal
“I’ll fix you a sandwich.”
sprzedać, sfałszować
fix
to do something dishonest to make certain that a competition, race, or election is won by a particular person
“People are saying that the elections were fixed.”
prosta rada, prosty sposób
fix
a way of solving a problem easily
“There is no quick fix for unemployment.”
być w tarapatach lub kłopocie
fix
to be in a difficult situation
“I’m in a fix and need your help.”
działka, dawka
fix
an amount of an illegal drug or something that you want very much
“Cath needs her fix of chocolate every day.”
skóra
leather
the skin of animals that is used to make things such as shoes and bags
“a leather jacket”
rozwód
divorce
the official ending of a marriage
“My parents are getting a divorce.”
regularny, równy
regular
repeated with the same amount of time or space between one thing and the next
“a regular pulse”,
“Plant the seedlings at regular intervals.”
regularny
regular
happening or doing something often, especially at the same time every week, year, etc
“a regular occurrence “,
“a regular visitor to Brussels”,
“We arranged to meet on a regular basis.”
stały
regular
usual or normal
“I couldn’t see my regular dentist.”
średni, normalny
regular
being a standard size
“a burger and regular fries”
równy
regular
Something that has a regular shape is the same on both or all sides.
“She’s got lovely, regular teeth.”
regularny
regular
following the usual rules or patterns in grammar
“‘Talk’ is a regular verb but ‘go’ is not.”
stały bywalec, stał-y/a klient/ka
regular
someone who often goes to a particular shop, restaurant, etc
“Mick was one of the regulars at the local pub.”
zakładać
found
to start an organization, especially by providing money
“The company was founded in 1861.”
opierać, zasadzać
found
to base something on a set of ideas or beliefs
“a society founded on principles of equality”
-
found
past of find
suchy
dry
Something that is dry does not have water or liquid in it or on its surface.
“dry paint”,
“Is your hair dry yet?”
suchy, bezdeszczowy
dry
with no or not much rain
“a dry summer”
suchy, wyschnięty, spierzchnięty
dry
Dry skin or hair does not feel soft or smooth.
“My lips feel really dry.”
wytrawny
dry
Dry wine is not sweet.
suchy, nudny
dry
If a book, talk, or subject is dry, it is not interesting.
sarkastyczny, ironiczny, kostyczny
dry
saying something in a serious way but trying to be funny
“a dry sense of humour”
suszyć (się), wycierać
dry
to become dry, or to make something become dry
“He dried his hands on a towel.”,
“She hung her clothes outside to dry.”
kredyt, pożyczka
loan
money that someone has borrowed
“a bank loan “,
“a student loan”,
“He repaid the loan within two years.”
być wypożyczonym
loan
If something is on loan, someone is borrowing it.
“Both paintings are on loan from the city museum.”
pożyczać
loan
to lend something to someone
“I was glad to loan my old books to her.”,
“My dad loaned me the money.”
port
port
a town or an area of a town next to water where ships arrive and leave from
“a fishing port”,
“the Belgian port of Zeebrugge”
porto
port
a sweet, strong, red wine that is made in Portugal
lewa burta
port
the left side of a ship or aircraft
“the port side”
składnik
ingredient
one of the different foods that a particular type of food is made from
składnik
ingredient
one of the parts of something successful
“Trust is an essential ingredient in a successful marriage.”
złoto
gold
a valuable, shiny, yellow metal used to make coins and jewellery (symbol Au)
złoto
gold
a gold medal (= a small, round disc given to someone for winning a race or competition)
złoty
gold
made of gold
“gold coins”
złoty
gold
being the colour of gold
“gold paint”
ograniczenie, granica
limit
the largest amount of something that is possible or allowed
“a time limit”,
“a legal limit”,
“Is there a limit on the amount of money you can claim?”,
“There’s a limit to how much time we can spend on this.”
mieć niedozwolony poziom alkoholu we krwi
limit
to have more alcohol in your blood than is legally allowed while driving
w granicach rozsądku
limit
avoiding behaviour that is extreme or silly
“You can wear what you want, within limits.”
zamknięty
limit
If an area is off limits, you are not allowed to enter it.
“Most of the palace is off limits to the public.”
ograniczać
limit
to control something so that it is less than a particular amount or number
“I try to limit the amount of fat that I eat.”,
“We’ll have to limit the number of guests.”
obejmować (się)
embrace
If you embrace someone, you put your arms around them, and if two people embrace, they put their arms around each other.
przyjmować, akceptować
embrace
to accept new ideas, beliefs, methods, etc in an enthusiastic way
“We are always eager to embrace the latest technology.”
zawierać, obejmować
embrace
to include a number of things
“The report embraces a wide range of opinions.”
uścisk
embrace
the action of putting your arms around someone
“a passionate embrace”
przeobrażać, zmieniać
transform
to change something completely, usually to improve it
“Within weeks they had transformed the area into a beautiful garden.”
często
frequently
often
“a frequently asked question”,
“I see him quite frequently.”
spotykać (się)
meet
to come to the same place as someone else by arrangement or by chance
“We met for coffee last Sunday.”,
“I met my old English teacher while trekking in the Alps.”,
“Each student meets with an adviser at the start of the school year.”
poznać (się)
meet
to see and speak to someone for the first time
“I’ve always wanted to meet a movie star.”,
““This is Helen.” “Pleased to meet you.””
zbierać się
meet
If a group of people meet, they come to a place in order to do something.
“The shareholders meet once a year to discuss profits.”
odbierać, czekać na
meet
to wait at a place for someone or something to arrive
“They met me at the airport.”
spełniać
meet
to be a big enough amount or of a good enough quality for something
“This old building will never meet the new fire regulations.”,
“Can your product meet the needs of a wide range of consumers?”
osiągać, wywiązywać się z
meet
to be able to achieve something
“He met every goal he set for himself.”,
“to meet a deadline “
łączyć się (z)
meet
to join something
“There’s a large crack where the ceiling meets the wall.”
spotkanie
meet
a sports competition
“a swim/track meet”,
“His final jump set a new meet record.”
inwestycja
investment
the money that you put in a bank, business, etc in order to make a profit, or the act of doing this
“Businesses need to increase their investment in new technology.”
inwestycja
investment
something that you do or have, in order to have more in the future
“Going to college is an investment in the future.”
prosty
straight
not curved or bent
“a straight road”,
“straight hair”
równy
straight
in a position that is level or vertical
“That shelf’s not straight.”
kolejny
straight
one after another
“They’ve won five straight games so far.”
szczery
straight
honest
“a straight answer “,
“I don’t think he was being straight with me.”
czysty
straight
An alcoholic drink that is straight is not mixed with water, ice, etc.
wyjaśnić coś (do końca ), (dobrze) coś zrozumieć
straight
to make sure that you completely understand a situation
“Let me get this straight - am I paying for this?”
hetero
straight
not homosexual
prosto, wprost
straight
in a straight line
“It’s straight ahead.”,
“He was looking straight at me.”
od razu , zaraz
straight
immediately
“I went straight back to sleep.”
siedzieć/stać prosto
straight
to sit or stand with your body vertical
nie móc zebrać myśli
straight
If you cannot think straight, you are not thinking clearly about something.
“I was so tired, I couldn’t think straight.”
powiedzieć komuś prosto z mostu
straight
to tell someone the truth in a clear way
“I told him straight that he wasn’t getting a pay increase.”
natychmiast, od razu
straight
immediately
“Go there straight away.”
drugi
latter
near the end of a period
“the latter half of the twentieth century”,
“She had moved to California in the latter part of the year.”,
“She is now in the latter stages of the disease.”
to drugie , ten drugi
latter
the second of two people or things that have just been talked about
“She offered me more money or a car, and I chose the latter.”
wyznaczać
set
to arrange a time when something will happen
“The next meeting is set for 6 February.”
ustalać
set
to decide the level of something
“The interest rate has been set at 5%.”
nastawiać
set
to press switches on a machine so that it will start when you want it to
“I’ve set the alarm for 6.30.”,
“You can set the oven to come on at any particular time.”
dawać przykład/ustanawiać rekord/określać standard
set
to do something in a way that people will copy or try to improve on
“Try to set a good example to the children.”,
“She’s set a new world record with that jump.”
podpalić coś
set
to make something start burning
uwolnić kogoś
set
to allow someone to leave prison, or to allow a person or animal to escape
podpalić coś
set
to make something start burning
nakrywać do stołu
set
to put plates, knives, forks, etc on the table before you have a meal
zachodzić
set
When the sun sets, it moves down in the sky so that it cannot be seen.
“The sun rises in the East and sets in the West.”
tężeć, wiązać
set
If a liquid substance sets, it becomes solid.
“How long does cement take to set?”
zadawać, układać
set
If you set work or an exam at a school or college, you ask the students to do it.
“Mr Harley forgot to set us any maths homework.”
postawić coś ( gdzieś )
set
to put something somewhere
“She set the vase down on the table.”
osadzać
set
If a book, play, or movie is set in a place or period of time, the story happens there or at that time.
“It’s a historical adventure set in India in the 1940s.”
brać się do pracy
set
to start working
zestaw, komplet, lista
set
a group of things that belong together
“a set of instructions/rules”,
“a set of keys/tools”
plan
set
the place where a film or play is performed or recorded, and the pictures, furniture, etc that are used
“They first met on the set of ‘Star Wars’.”
set
set
one part of a tennis match
“Nadal is leading by four games to one in the third set.”
odbiornik
set
a television or radio
“a TV set”
program
set
a group of songs or tunes that go together to make a musical performance
zbiór
set
a group of numbers or things
stały, ustalony
set
fixed and never changing
“Most people work for a set number of hours each week.”,
“I have no set routine.”
być gotowym
set
to be ready
“We were all set to go when the phone rang.”
przypominać sobie
recall
to remember something
“I don’t recall arranging a time to meet.”
odwołać, wycofać
recall
to order the return of someone or something
“The ambassador was recalled to London.”,
“The manufacturer has recalled the computers because of faulty wiring.”
w dużej mierze
largely
mainly
“a largely residential suburb”,
“Their complaints have been largely ignored.”
termin
term
a word or phrase that is used to refer to a particular thing, especially in a technical or scientific subject
“a legal/technical term “
okres, kadencja
term
the fixed period of time when someone does an important job or is in a particular place
“a prison term”,
“The government has been elected for another four-year term.”
semestr, okres
term
one of the periods of time that the school or university year is divided into
“We’ve got a test at the end of term.”
na dłuższą /krótką metę , w dłuższej /krótszej perspektywie
term
a long/short, etc period of time from now
“The situation should improve in the long term.”
określać, nazywać
term
to use a particular word or phrase to describe something
“Critics termed the movie a ‘disaster’.”
regulować, kontrolować
regulate
to control an activity or process, especially by using rules
“There are laws regulating advertising.”
regulować
regulate
to control the speed, temperature, etc of something
“Babies find it difficult to regulate their body temperature.”
dosyć
quite
a little or a lot but not completely
“I’m quite tired, but I’m happy to walk a little further.”,
“He’s quite attractive but not what I’d call gorgeous.”
całkiem
quite
very
“My sister and I are quite different.”
zupełnie
quite
completely
“The two situations are quite different.”,
“Are you quite sure you want to go?”
nie całkiem, niezupełnie
quite
almost but not completely
“I’m not quite sure that I understand this.”,
“He didn’t get quite enough votes to win.”
sporo
quite
a large amount or number
“There are quite a few letters for you here.”,
“He’s changed quite a bit.”
elektroniczny
electronic
Electronic equipment consists of things such as computers, televisions, and radios.
elektroniczny
electronic
Electronic music, games, etc use electronic equipment.
działać, kierować
operate
If an organization or business operates, it is working, and if you operate it, you manage it and make it work.
“Our company is operating under very difficult conditions at present.”
obsługiwać
operate
If a machine operates, it does what it is designed to do, and if you operate it, you make it do what it is designed to do.
“You have to be trained to operate the machinery.”,
“These new sewing machines are easy to operate.”
operować, przeprowadzać operację
operate
to treat an illness or injury by cutting someone’s body and removing or repairing part of it
“I don’t think they’re going to operate.”,
“Did they have to operate on him?”
wiersz
poem
a piece of writing, especially one that has short lines and uses words that sound the same
“love/war poems”
tekst
text
the written words in a book, magazine, etc, not the pictures
“a page of text”
lektura
text
a book or piece of writing that you study as part of a course
SMS
text
a written message sent from one mobile phone to another
wysyłać SMS(-y), SMS-ować
text
to send a text message (= written message from a mobile phone)
koszula
shirt
a piece of clothing worn on the top part of the body, often made of thin material like cotton and fastened with buttons down the front
producent
producer
a company, country, or person that makes goods or grows food
“Australia is one of the world’s main producers of wool.”
producent/ka
producer
someone who controls how a film, play, programme, or musical recording is made
“a film/record producer “
producent
producer
in the food chain, a plant that can make food from the sun and is then eaten itself
dobry
good
enjoyable, pleasant, or interesting
“a good book”,
“Did you have a good time at the party?”
dobry
good
of a high quality or level
“She speaks good French.”,
“The food at this restaurant is very good.”
dobry
good
successful, or able to do something well
“Anne’s a good cook.”,
“She’s very good at geography.”
dobry
good
kind or helpful
“a good friend”,
“My granddaughter is very good to me.”
dobrze
good
something that you say when a person asks how you are
“‘Hi, how are you?’ ‘I’m good, thanks.’”
dobry, zdrowy
good
having a positive or useful effect
“Exercise is good for you.”
dobry, odpowiedni
good
suitable or satisfactory
“When would be a good time to call?”
dobry, grzeczny
good
A good child or animal behaves well.
dobry
good
morally right
“a good person”,
“He sets a good example to the rest of the class.”
dobry, dokładny
good
complete and detailed
“She got a good look at the robbers.”
duży
good
used to emphasize the number, amount, quality, etc of something
“There’s a good chance he’ll pass the exam.”
dobrze
good
something you say when you are satisfied or pleased about something or when you agree with something
“Oh good, he’s arrived at last.”
Boże drogi!/wielkie nieba ! itp.
good
used to express surprise or shock
“Good heavens! It’s already 11 p.m.”
dobre 20 minut/30 mil itp.
good
not less than 20 minutes/30 miles, etc and probably a bit more
dobro
good
something that is an advantage or help to a person or situation
“It’s hard work, but it’s for your own good.”
być do niczego
good
to not be useful, helpful, or valuable
“That diet is no good - you haven’t lost any weight yet.”
dobrze komuś zrobić
good
to be useful or helpful to someone
“A holiday will do you good.”
dobro
good
what people think is morally right
“Children don’t always understand the difference between good and bad.”
na dobre , na zawsze
good
forever
“When he was 20, he left home for good.”
drzwi
door
the part of a building, room, vehicle, or piece of furniture that you open or close to get inside it or out of it
“Please shut the door behind you.”,
“I can’t open the door.”,
“There’s someone at the door.”
drzwi
door
the space in a wall where you enter a building or room
“He led us through the door to the rear of the building.”
za zamkniętymi drzwiami
door
privately and not in public
“Most of the deals were done behind closed doors.”
dwa/trzy itp. domy dalej
door
in a place that is two/three, etc houses away
“We live just a few doors away from the Smiths.”
pojedynczy, poszczególny
individual
considered separately from other things in a group
“Read out the individual letters of each word.”
indywidualny, osobisty
individual
given to or relating to one particular person or thing
“We deal with each case on an individual basis.”
osoba, jednostka
individual
a person, especially when considered separately and not as part of a group
“We try to treat our students as individuals.”
osobnik
individual
a person with a special characteristic, usually one you dislike
“a ruthless individual”
facet
guy
a man
“What a nice guy!”
ludzie, wy
guy
used when you are talking to or about two or more people
“Come on, you guys, let’s go home.”
do przodu
forward
towards the direction that is in front of you
“She leaned forward to make sure I could hear her.”
w przyszłość
forward
towards the future
“I always look forward, not back.”
naprzód
forward
used to say that something is making good progress
“This is a big step forward for democracy.”
ruch w przód lub do przodu
forward
movement towards the direction that is in front of you
planowanie/myślenie itp. perspektywiczne
forward
the activity of planning or thinking about something for the future
(zbyt) pewny siebie, (zbyt) śmiały
forward
too confident or too friendly with people you do not know
przesyłać
forward
to send a letter, email, etc that you have received to someone else
“Could you forward my mail to me while I’m away?”
napastni-k/czka
forward
a player in a sport such as football who plays near the front and tries to score goals
zwykle, na ogół
generally
usually, or in most situations
“I generally wake up early.”
ogólnie (rzecz) biorąc, na ogół
generally
considering the whole of someone or something, and not just a particular part of them
“The police said that the crowd was generally well-behaved.”
powszechnie
generally
by most people, or to most people
“He is generally believed to be their best player.”
tłumaczyć, przekładać
translate
to change written or spoken words from one language to another
“We were asked to translate a list of sentences.”,
“The book has now been translated from Spanish into more than ten languages.”
przekładać (się)
translate
If an idea or plan translates into an action, it makes it happen.
“So how does this theory translate into practical policy?”
ludzie
folk
people
“country folk”,
“old folk”
czyiś rodzice
folk
someone’s parents
“We always spend Christmas with my folks.”
folk
folk
folk music
sztuka/taniec itp. ludow-a/y
folk
the traditional style of art, dancing, etc among a particular group of people
napełniać (się), wypełniać (się)
fill
to make a container or space full, or to become full
“He filled the bucket with water.”,
“I made a drink while the bath was filling.”,
“Her eyes filled up with tears when she heard the news.”
wypełniać
fill
If people or things fill a place, there are a lot of them in it.
“The streets were filled with tourists.”,
“Dark clouds filled the sky.”
wypełniać
fill
If light, sound, or a smell fills a place, you can easily notice it.
“The smell of smoke filled the room.”
przepełniać kogoś złością/radością/dumą itp.
fill
to make someone feel very angry/happy/proud, etc
“The thought of losing him filled her with fear.”
zająć stanowisko/wypełnić wakat
fill
to give someone a new job
“They still haven’t filled the vacancy.”
zaspokajać potrzebę /wypełniać lukę
fill
to provide something that people need or want
dosyć
fill
as much of something as you want or need
“I’ve had my fill of living in the city.”
wakacje, urlop
holiday
a time when you do not have to go to work or school
“My aunt looks after us during the school holidays.”
wczasy
holiday
a long visit to a place away from where you live, for pleasure
“a skiing/walking holiday”,
“Are you going on holiday this year?”
święto
holiday
an official day when you do not have to go to school or work
“a public holiday “
spędzać urlop
holiday
to have your holiday somewhere
“We usually holiday in Spain.”
gospodarz
host
someone who organizes a party and invites the guests
prowadzący, gospodarz
host
someone who introduces the guests on a radio or television programme
“a talk show host “
gospodarz
host
a country or city that provides the place and equipment for an organized event
“China played host to the Olympics in 2008.”
firmahostingowa
host
a company that hosts websites on the Internet
mnóstwo czegoś
host
a large number of people or things
“I’ve got a whole host of questions to ask you.”
być gospodarzem
host
to be the host of an event
“to host a party/dinner “
zapewniaćhosting
host
to provide the computer equipment and programs that allow a website to operate on the Internet
galeria
gallery
a room or building that is used for showing paintings and other art to the public
“a museum and art gallery “
galeria, balkon
gallery
a floor at a higher level that looks over a lower floor inside a large room or building
“The courtroom has a public gallery.”
idealny
ideal
perfect, or the best possible
“an ideal candidate/solution”,
“The book is ideal for children aged 4 to 6.”,
“In an ideal world, you wouldn’t need to use a keyboard at all.”
ideał
ideal
a belief about the way you think something should be
“democratic ideals”,
“They are committed to the ideal of equality.”
ideał
ideal
a perfect thing or situation
“The ideal would be to have a house in the country and an apartment in the city too.”
palec
finger
one of the five, long, separate parts at the end of your hand, including your thumb
dotykać (palcami ), macać
finger
to touch or feel something with your fingers
dokument
document
a piece of paper with official information on it
“Please sign and return the insurance documents enclosed.”
dokument
document
a piece of text produced electronically on a computer
“How do I create a new document?”
skończyć
finish
to complete something, or come to the end of an activity
“When I finish my homework, can I watch TV?”,
“Have you finished reading that book yet?”
skończyć się
finish
to end
“The meeting should finish at five o’clock.”
dokończyć
finish
to eat, drink, or use something completely
“They finished their drinks and left the bar.”
zająć pierwsze /drugie itp. miejsce
finish
to be in the first/second, etc winning position at the end of a race or competition
finisz, meta
finish
the end of a race, or the last part of something
“a close/exciting finish “,
“I enjoyed the film from start to finish.”
wykończenie
finish
the way the surface of something feels or looks
“The table has a smooth, shiny finish.”
wydawać się wesołą/miłą osobą itp. , wydawać się jakimś
seem
to appear to be a particular thing or to have a particular quality
“She seemed happy enough.”,
“It seemed like a good idea at the time.”,
“There doesn’t seem to be any real solution.”,
“It seems that the bars close early here.”,
“It seems to me (= I think) that she’s in the wrong job.”
chwytać (za)
seize
to take hold of something quickly and firmly
“She seized my arm and pulled me towards her.”
łapać
seize
to do something quickly when you have the opportunity
“You need to seize every opportunity.”
zająć, przejąć
seize
to take control of a place suddenly by using military force
“Troops seized control in the early hours of the morning.”
przechwycić
seize
to take away something that is illegal, for example drugs
“Officials seized 2.7 tons of cocaine from the ship.”
wytropić, odszukać
trace
to find someone or something that was lost
“Police have so far failed to trace the missing woman.”
odnaleźć, wyśledzić
trace
to find the origin of something
“She’s traced her family back to the sixteenth century.”,
“They were able to trace the call (= find out the number of the telephone used).”
prześledzić, opisywać
trace
to describe the way something has developed over time
“The book traces the development of women’s art since the start of the century.”
odkalkować
trace
to copy a picture by putting transparent paper on top and following the outer line of the picture with a pen
“tracing paper”
ślad
trace
proof that someone or something was in a place
“There was no trace of her anywhere.”,
“Ships have disappeared without trace (= completely).”
ślad
trace
a small amount of something
“They found traces of blood on his clothing.”
od, z
from
used to show the place, time, or level that someone or something started at
“Did you walk all the way from Bond Street?”,
“The museum is open from 9.30 to 6.00, Tuesday to Sunday.”,
“Prices start from $5,595.”
z
from
used to say where someone was born, or where someone lives or works
“His mother’s originally from Poland.”,
“Our speaker tonight is from the BBC.”
od
from
used to say how far away something is
“The hotel is about 15 kilometres from the coast.”
od
from
used to say who gave or sent something to someone
“Have you received a Christmas card from Faye yet?”,
“What beautiful flowers! Who are they from?”
z, od
from
If you take something from a person, place, or amount, you take it away.
“Two from ten leaves eight.”,
“We had to borrow some money from my father to pay the bill.”,
“He took a knife from the drawer.”
z
from
used to say where something was produced or grown
“These vegetables are fresh from the garden.”
z
from
used to say what something is made of
“juice made from oranges”
przed
from
used to show something that you want to avoid or prevent
“There’s a bar across the front to prevent you from falling out.”
z
from
used to show where you are when you look at something or how you see something
“The view from the top was absolutely breathtaking.”,
“From the company’s point of view, this is an excellent opportunity.”
po, z
from
used to say why you think or believe something
“I guessed from her accent that she must be French.”,
“From what I’ve heard, the new exam is going to be a lot more difficult.”
z (powodu)
from
used to say what causes something
“Deaths from heart disease continue to rise every year.”,
“He was rushed to hospital suffering from severe burns.”
od
from
used when you are saying how similar or different two things, people, or places are
“College is very different from school.”
za tydzień/pół roku/dziesięć lat itp.
from
a week/six months/ten years, etc after the time when you are speaking
“Who knows what we’ll all be doing five years from now?”
od teraz/tego momentu itp.
from
starting now/then, etc and continuing into the future
“They were good friends from that day on.”
dosyć, raczej
pretty
quite, but not extremely
“The traffic was pretty bad.”,
“I’m pretty sure they’ll accept.”
prawie (całkiem)
pretty
almost
“We’ve pretty much finished here.”
ładny
pretty
If a woman or girl is pretty, she is attractive.
“Your daughter is very pretty.”
ładny
pretty
If a place or an object is pretty, it is pleasant to look at.
“a pretty little village”
sędzia
judge
someone who controls a trial in court, decides how criminals should be punished, and makes decisions about legal things
“Judge Moylan”,
“The judge ruled that they had acted correctly.”
sędzia
judge
someone who decides which person or thing wins a competition
“the Olympic judges”
zły/dobry itp. znawca czegoś
judge
someone who is usually wrong/usually right, etc when they judge something
“a good judge of character”
oceniać, osądzać
judge
to have or develop an opinion about something or someone, usually after thinking carefully
“The meeting was judged to be a great success.”,
“I can’t judge whether he’s telling the truth or not.”,
“You shouldn’t judge people on their appearances.”,
“He was judged guilty/insane.”
sądząc z/po
judge
used to express the reasons why you have a particular opinion
“She must be popular judging by the huge number of letters that she receives.”
sędziować
judge
to decide the winner or results of a competition
“I’ve been asked to judge the art contest.”
oceniać, osądzać
judge
to have a bad opinion of someone’s behaviour, often because you think you are better than them
“What gives you the right to judge people?”
oceniać
judge
to try to guess something, especially a measurement
“I find it difficult to judge distances.”
dzielnica, okręg
district
a part of a city or country, either an official area or one that is known for having a particular characteristic or business
“the fashion district of New York”
uciekać (z), opuszczać
flee
to leave a place quickly because you are in danger or are afraid
“Police think the suspect has now fled the country.”
bliźniak
twin
one of two children who are born to the same mother at the same time
bliźniaczy, do pary
twin
used to describe two similar things that are a pair
“twin towers “
współpracować z czymś
twin
If a town in one country is twinned with a town in another country, the two towns have a special relationship.
“Leeds in England is twinned with Dortmund in Germany.”
uderzyć
hit
to touch something quickly and with force using your hand or an object in your hand
“She hit him on the head with her tennis racket.”
uderzyć (w), trafić
hit
to touch someone or something quickly and with force, usually causing injury or damage
“The car skidded and hit a wall.”,
“As she fell, she hit her head on the pavement.”
dotknąć
hit
to affect something badly
“The economy has been hit by high unemployment.”
osiągać
hit
to reach a place, position, or state
“Our profits have already hit $1 million.”
najść, docierać do
hit
If an idea or thought hits you, you suddenly think of it.
“The idea for the book hit me in the middle of the night.”
hit, przebój
hit
a very successful song, film, book, etc
“The film ‘Avatar’ was a big hit.”
hit, przebój
hit
a popular person or thing
“The chocolate cake was a big hit with the children.”
uderzenie, cios, trafienie
hit
the action when you touch something or when something touches you quickly and with force
odwiedziny
hit
a request to see a document on the Internet that is then counted to calculate the number of people looking at the page
przyjaci-el/ółka, kole-ga/żanka, znajom-y/a
friend
someone who you know well and like
“Sarah’s my best friend (= the friend I like most).”,
“Gordon is a friend of mine.”,
“I’m going to New York to visit some friends.”
przyjaci-el/ółka z dawnych lat , star-y/a przyjaci-el/ółka
friend
someone who you have known and liked for a long time
przyjaźnić się (z kimś )
friend
to know and like someone
“I have been friends with Jo for years.”
zaprzyjaźnić się (z kimś )
friend
to begin to know and like someone
“He’s shy and finds it difficult to make friends.”
znajom-y/a
friend
a person you write to on an Internet site
niemowlę, małe dziecko
infant
a baby or very young child
scenariusz
script
the words in a film, play, etc
“He wrote a number of film scripts.”
pismo
script
a set of letters used for writing a particular language
“Arabic/Roman script”
wolność, swoboda
freedom
the right to live in the way you want, say what you think, and make your own decisions without being controlled by anyone else
“religious freedom”,
“freedom of choice/speech “,
“You have the freedom to do what you want to do.”
wolność od czegoś
freedom
a situation in which you are not suffering because of something unpleasant or harmful
“freedom from fear/poverty”
wolność
freedom
a situation in which someone is no longer a prisoner
zgoda, dobra, okej
okay
used when agreeing to do something or when allowing someone to do something
"”Let’s meet this afternoon.” “Okay.””,
““Can I use the car?” “Okay.””
(no) więc
okay
used before you start speaking, especially to a group of people
“Okay, I’m going to start by showing you a few figures.”
w porządku , okej
okay
good or good enough
“Is your food okay?”,
“It was okay, but it wasn’t as good as his last film.”
zdrowy, w porządku , okej
okay
safe or healthy
“Is your grandmother okay now?”
w porządku
okay
allowed or acceptable
“Is it okay if I leave early today?”,
“Is it okay to smoke in here?”
rzekomy
supposed
used to show that you do not believe that someone or something really is what many people consider them to be
“a supposed genius”
myśliwiec
fighter
a fast military aircraft that can attack other aircraft
“a fighter pilot “
bojowni-k/czka, zawodni-k/czka
fighter
someone who fights in a war or as a sport
rozpowszechniony, powszechny
widespread
affecting or including a lot of places, people, etc
“a widespread problem “,
“widespread support”
trawa
grass
a common plant with narrow green leaves that grows close to the ground in gardens and fields
“to mow/cut the grass “,
“We lay on the grass in the sunshine.”
trawa
grass
a particular type of grass
“ornamental grasses”
konieczny, potrzebny
necessary
needed in order to achieve something
“Is it really necessary to give so much detail?”,
“Does he have the necessary skills and experience?”,
“The police are prepared to use force, if necessary.”
gaz
gas
a substance in a form like air and not solid or liquid
“poisonous gases”
gaz
gas
a substance in a form like air used as a fuel for heating and cooking
“a gas cooker/ US a gas stove”,
“a gas leak”
benzyna
gas
a liquid fuel used in cars
“half a tank of gas”
gazy
gas
air in your stomach that makes you feel uncomfortable and sometimes makes noises
gaz, pedał gazu
gas
the part of a car that you push with your foot to make it go faster
“We’d better step on the gas (= drive faster).”
zagazować
gas
to poison or kill someone with gas
sprzeciwiać się, być przeciw
oppose
to disagree with a plan or activity and to try to change or stop it
“The committee opposed a proposal to allow women to join the club.”
ankieta
survey
an examination of people’s opinions or behaviour made by asking people questions
“Holidays in the UK are becoming more popular, according to a recent survey.”
ekspertyza (budowlana )
survey
an examination of the structure of a building in order to find out if there is anything wrong with it
“The bank have refused a loan until we’ve had a survey done on the property.”
pomiar
survey
an examination of an area of land in which its measurements and details are recorded, especially in order to make a map
oglądać, oceniać
survey
to look at or examine something carefully
“I got out of the car to survey the damage.”
ankietować
survey
to ask people questions in order to find out about their opinions or behaviour
“75% of midwives surveyed were in favour of home births.”
dokonywać pomiarów
survey
to measure and record the details of an area of land
przeprowadzać ekspertyzę (budowlaną )
survey
to examine the structure of a building in order to find out if there is anything wrong with it
ostry, poważny, trudny
severe
extremely bad
“a severe headache”,
“severe weather conditions”
surowy
severe
not kind or gentle
“a severe punishment”
surowy
severe
A severe person looks unfriendly or very strict.
czyj
whose
used to ask who something belongs to or who someone or something is connected with
“Whose gloves are these?”,
“Whose car shall we use?”
którego, których
whose
used to say that something or someone is connected with or belongs to a person
“She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.”
od
off
not touching or connected to something or not on a surface
“Keep off the grass!”,
“A button came off my coat.”
Często tłumaczy się czasownikiem z przedrostkiem od- , np. odbiegł itp.
off
away from a place or position
“He ran off to find his friend.”,
“I’ll be off (= will go) soon.”
wyłączony
off
not operating or being used
“Make sure you switch your computer off.”
przy, od
off
near to a building or place
“an island off the coast of Spain”
taniej
off
If a price has a certain amount of money off, it costs that much less than the usual price.
“These jeans were $10 off.”
daleko
off
far in distance or time
“You can see the village off in the distance.”,
“My holidays seem a long way off.”
przestać w czymś/kimś gustować, przestać lubić coś/kogoś
off
to stop liking something or someone
“I’ve gone off meat.”
wolny
off
not at work
“I had 6 months off when my son was born.”
błędny
off
not correct
“Our sales figures were off by ten percent.”
zepsuty
off
If food or drink is off, it is not now fresh and good to eat or drink.
“This milk smells off.”
nie w pracy
off
not at work
“He’s off today - I think he’s ill.”
wypłacać, pobierać
withdraw
to take money out of a bank account
“She withdrew $50.”
wycofać
withdraw
to remove something, especially because of an official decision
“This product has been withdrawn from sale.”,
“He has threatened to withdraw his support.”
wycofać (się)
withdraw
If a military force withdraws, or if someone withdraws it, it leaves the place where it is fighting.
“The President has ordered troops to be withdrawn from the area.”
wycofać się
withdraw
to decide that you will not now be in a race, competition, etc
“He was forced to withdraw from the race because of injury.”
odwołać, wycofać
withdraw
to say that you want people to ignore something you said before because it was not true
“He admitted taking the money, but later withdrew his confession.”
niewinny
innocent
not guilty of committing a crime
“He claims to be innocent of the crime.”
niewinny
innocent
not having much experience of life and not knowing about the bad things that happen
“an innocent young woman”
niewinny
innocent
used to emphasize that someone who was hurt had done nothing wrong
“Several innocent civilians were killed in the bombing.”
niewinny
innocent
not intended to harm or upset anyone
“It was an innocent mistake.”
gorący
hot
having a high temperature
“a hot summer’s day”,
“a hot drink/meal”,
“I’m too hot in this jacket.”
pikantny
hot
Hot food contains strong spices that cause a burning feeling in your mouth.
“Be careful. The chilli sauce is very hot.”
modny, atrakcyjny
hot
exciting or interesting
“Hollywood’s hottest new actress”
modny lub gorący temat
hot
a subject that people discuss and have strong feelings about
“The legalization of drugs is a hot topic.”
sekretarka
secretary
someone who works in an office, typing letters, answering the telephone, and arranging meetings, etc
sekretarz
secretary
an official who is in charge of a large department of the government
“the Secretary of State”
wędkarstwo, wędkowanie, rybołówstwo
fishing
the sport or job of catching fish
“Dad loves to go fishing.”,
“fishing boats”
miejscowy
local
relating to an area near you
“the local school/newspaper/radio station”
miejscow-y/a
local
someone who lives in the area you are talking about
“The locals are very upset about the new law.”
czyjś (lokalny lub pobliski) pub, pub koło kogoś
local
a bar that is near someone’s home
wewnętrzny
internal
happening or coming from inside a particular country, group, or organization
“an internal report”,
“internal disputes”
wewnętrzny
internal
inside your body
“internal injuries”
wewnętrzny, krajowy
internal
inside a country, building, area, etc
“an internal flight”,
“internal walls”
pozwać, zaskarżyć
sue
to take legal action against someone and try to get money from them because they have harmed you
“He’s threatening to sue the newspaper for slander.”
kolano
knee
the middle part of your leg where it bends
“a knee injury”
kolano
knee
the part of a pair of trousers that covers the knee
rzeczywistość
reality
the way things or situations really are and not the way you would like them to be
“Listening to music is my escape from reality.”,
“Sooner or later you have to face up to reality.”,
“He may seem charming but in reality he’s actually quite unpleasant.”
prawda o czymś
reality
the truth about an unpleasant situation
“the harsh realities of life”
stać się rzeczywistością
reality
to start to happen or exist
“New jobs could become a reality by next month.”
