Deck 25 Flashcards
ofiara
victim
someone who has suffered the effects of violence, illness, or bad luck
“victims of crime”,
“hurricane/flood victims”
internetowy, w Internecie , sieciowy, w sieci
online
connected to a system of computers, especially the Internet
“online services”,
“to go online (= start using the Internet) “,
“Most newspapers are now available online.”
załączać, przymocować
attach
to join or fix one thing to another
“She attached a photograph to her letter.”
zwracać uwagę na kogoś/coś , przywiązywać wagę itp. do czegoś
attach
to think that someone or something has importance/value, etc
“You attach too much importance to money.”
załączać, dołączać
attach
to include something as part of something else
“There were too many conditions attached to the deal.”
załączać
attach
to add an attachment (= computer file) to an email message
autor/ka, pisa-rz/rka
author
someone who writes a book, article, etc
“a popular author of children’s fiction”
atmosfera
atmosphere
the feeling that exists in a place or situation
“a relaxed atmosphere “
atmosfera
atmosphere
the layer of gases around the Earth
atmosfera, powietrze
atmosphere
the air inside a room or other place
“a smoky atmosphere”
niezbędny, konieczny
essential
very important and necessary
“Computers are an essential part of our lives.”,
“Fibre is essential for a healthy digestive system.”,
“It is essential to arrive early for the show.”,
“It is absolutely essential that she gets this message.”
zasadniczy, podstawowy
essential
the most basic and important
“There’s one essential point I think you’ve forgotten.”
czekać
wait
to stay in a place until someone or something arrives or someone or something is ready for you
“I’m waiting for Clive.”,
“How long did you wait for a taxi?”,
“I’m still waiting to use the phone.”
czekać
wait
to not do something until something else happens
“We’ll wait till Jane gets here before we start eating.”
nie móc się doczekać
wait
used to say how excited you are about something that you are going to do
“I can’t wait to see him.”
kazać komuś czekać
wait
to be late so that someone has to wait for you
“I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.”
zaczekać i zobaczyć
wait
to wait to discover what will happen
“We’ll wait and see what she says.”
oczekiwanie
wait
a period when you stay in a place until someone or something arrives or someone or something is ready for you
“We had a long wait at the airport.”
jak
how
used to ask about the way something happens or is done
“How did he die?”,
“How does she manage to keep the house so tidy?”
jak
how
used to ask about quantity, size, or age
“How big is the house?”,
“How old are they?”,
“How much (= what price) was that dress?”,
“How far is the next garage?”
jak
how
used before an adjective or adverb to emphasize it
“I was amazed at how quickly she finished.”
jak
how
used to ask about someone’s health
“How are you feeling today?”
jak
how
used to ask about the success or progress of a situation
“How’s everything going?”,
“How was the exam?”
Jak się masz?
how
used to ask someone if they are well and happy
"”How are you Jane?” - “Oh, not so bad thanks.””
Co powiesz na …?
how
used to make a suggestion
“How about a drink?”,
“How about going to the cinema?”
Jak to?, Czemu?
how
used to ask about the reason for something, especially when you feel surprised about it
"”Kate’s gone to the party on her own.” “How come?””
jak
how
used to talk about the way that something happens or is done
“I don’t know how to copy a file onto a CD-ROM.”
cukier
sugar
a very sweet substance used to give flavour to food and drinks
“coffee with milk and sugar”
łyżeczka cukru
sugar
a spoon of sugar in a cup of tea or coffee
“He likes two sugars in his tea.”
przedmiot, rzecz, pozycja
item
a single thing in a set or on a list
“the last item on the list”,
“Various stolen items were found.”
wiadomość
item
a piece of news on television or radio, or in a newspaper
“a small item on the back page of the local newspaper”
uwaga
attention
the state of watching, listening to, or thinking about something carefully or with interest
“Ladies and gentlemen, could I have your attention, please?”,
“I was watching TV so you didn’t have my full attention.”
uważać (na coś )
attention
to watch, listen to, or think about something carefully or with interest
“You weren’t paying attention to what I was saying.”
zwracać ( czyjąś ) uwagę na coś/kogoś
attention
to make someone notice something or someone
“If I could just draw your attention to the second paragraph.”,
“She’s always trying to draw attention to herself.”
przyciągać ( czyjąś ) uwagę
attention
to make someone notice you
“I waved at him to get his attention.”
opieka, uwaga
attention
treatment to deal with a problem
“medical attention”,
“This old engine needs a lot of attention.”
główny
main
most important or largest
“the main problem/reason”,
“The main airport is 15 miles from the capital.”
najważniejsze
main
the most important fact in a situation
“You’re happy and that’s the main thing.”
gazociąg/wodociąg
main
a pipe that carries gas or water to a building
przeważnie, na ogół
main
generally or mostly
“Her friends are teachers in the main.”
zakupy
shopping
the activity of buying things from shops
“I love shopping.”,
“a shopping basket/UK trolley/US cart”
zakupy
shopping
the things that you buy from a shop or shops
“Can you help me unpack the shopping?”,
“a shopping bag”,
“From the contents of his shopping basket, I deduced that he was single.”
domowy, rodzinny, w rodzinie
domestic
relating to the home and family relationships
“domestic violence “,
“What are his domestic arrangements?”
krajowy, wewnętrzny
domestic
inside one country and not international
“a domestic flight”
domowy
domestic
A domestic animal is kept as a pet.
kiedy tylko, jak tylko, kiedykolwiek
whenever
every time or at any time
“You can go whenever you want.”,
“I try to help them out whenever possible.”
dowcip
joke
something that someone says to make people laugh, usually a short story with a funny ending
“to tell/make a joke “,
“a good joke about dogs”
być farsą
joke
to not be serious or not deserve respect
“The investigation was a joke.”
≈ to nie żart
joke
to be serious or difficult
“It’s no joke driving on icy roads.”
mieć poczucie humoru
joke
to understand and accept a trick without becoming angry or upset
żartować
joke
to say funny things, or not be serious
“She always jokes about her husband’s cooking.”
Chyba żartujesz !
joke
something you say to show that you are surprised by what someone has said, or do not believe it is true
święty
sacred
relating to a religion or considered to be holy
“sacred music”,
“a sacred object”
święty
sacred
too important to be changed or destroyed
“I don’t work at weekends - my private time is sacred.”
przódprzód
front
the side of something that is most important or most often seen because it faces forwardthe part of something that is furthest forward
“You need to write the address clearly on the front of the envelope.”,
“There was blood on the front of his shirt.”,
“We asked to sit in the front of the plane.”,
“He was standing right at the front.”
z przodu , przedna czele , na prowadzeniu
front
further forward than someone or something elsewinning in a game or competition
“The car in front stopped suddenly and I went straight into the back of it.”,
“She started a conversation with the man sitting in front of her.”,
“By half time the Italians were well in front.”
przed, naprzeciwko, naprzeciwprzy, na oczach
front
close to the front part of somethingwhere someone can see or hear you
“He parked the car in front of the house.”,
“Please don’t swear in front of the children.”
pozory, fasada
front
a way of behaving that hides how someone really feels
“Many parents decide to stay together, putting up a front for the children’s sake.”
przykrywka
front
an organization or activity that is used to hide a different, illegal activity
“Police discovered the restaurant was just a front for a drugs operation.”
front
front
an area of land where soldiers fight during a war
“Thousands of young men were sent to the front to fight.”
w dziedzinie działalnościgospodarczej/zatrudnienia/polityki itp.
front
in a particular area of activity
“How are things on the work front at the moment?”
front
front
a line where warm air meets cold air affecting the weather
“A cold front is moving across the Atlantic.”
przedni, frontowy
front
in or at the front of something
“the front door/UK garden/ US yard”,
“the front page of the newspaper”
prawnik
attorney
a lawyer
“a defense attorney”
legislacja, ustawodawstwo
legislation
a law or a set of laws
“Most people want tougher environmental legislation but large corporations continue to oppose it.”
rozgrywający
quarterback
a player in American football who controls the attack
drewno, drzewo
wood
the hard material that trees are made of
“a piece of wood”
las
wood
a large area of trees growing near each other
“We went for a walk in the woods.”
owoc, owoce
fruit
something such as an apple or orange that grows on a tree or a bush, contains seeds, and can be eaten as food
“dried/fresh fruit “,
“fruit juice”
owoc/e czegoś
fruit
the good result of someone’s work or actions
“This book is the fruit of 15 years’ research.”
imigracja
immigration
the process in which people come to live in a different country
“immigration policy “
kontrola paszportowa
immigration
the place where people’s official documents are checked when they enter a country at an airport, port, border, etc
“immigration control “,
“an immigration official”
monitor
monitor
a screen that shows information or pictures, usually connected to a computer
“a colour monitor”
monitor
monitor
a machine, often in a hospital, that measures something such as the rate that your heart beats
“a heart monitor “
obserwator
monitor
someone who watches something to make certain that it is done correctly or fairly
“a human rights monitor”
monitorować, obserwować
monitor
to watch something carefully and record your results
“to monitor progress”
mięso
meat
muscles and other soft parts of animals, used as food
“I don’t eat meat.”,
“red/white meat “
struktura, budowa
structure
the way that parts of something are arranged or put together
“cell structure”,
“grammatical structure”
budowla, budynek
structure
a building or something that has been built
organizować, konstruować
structure
to arrange something in an organized way
“How is the course structured?”
polityczny
politically
relating to or involved in politics
“There are two main political parties in my country.”,
“The church has a strong political influence.”
lepszy
better
comparative of
good adjective : of a higher quality, more effective, or more enjoyable than something or someone else
“Jeff’s been offered a better job in the States.”,
“The sales figures were better than expected.”,
“Her English has got a lot better (= improved) recently.”,
“It would have been better to have discussed the problem first.”
zdrowszy
better
healthy, or less sick than before
“I feel much better.”,
“I hope you get better soon.”
im większy/jaśniejszy/cieplejszy itp. tym lepiej
better
used to say that the bigger, brighter, hotter, etc something is, the more pleased you will be
lepiej
better
comparative of
well adverb : to a greater degree, or in a more successful or effective way
“I’d like to get to know you better.”,
“Helen did much better than me in the exam.”
lepiej
better
used in order to say what you think someone should do
“You’d better hurry or you’ll miss the train.”
być mądrzejszym
better
to have enough experience not to do something stupid or something that will not achieve anything
“I thought she’d listen to me - I should have known better.”
na lepsze
better
If a situation changes for the better, it improves.
“Their relationship has changed for the better.”
brać górę nad kimś
better
If a feeling gets the better of you, it becomes too strong to control.
“Curiosity finally got the better of her and she opened the letter.”
poprawiać
better
to do something better than it has been done before
“He bettered his previous best time for a marathon.”
ryba
fish
an animal that lives only in water and swims using its tail and fins (= thin, triangular parts)
“Are there any fish in the pond?”
ryba
fish
fish eaten as food
“fish and chips”
łowić (ryby ), wędkować
fish
to try to catch fish
“They’re fishing for tuna.”
z łatwością , łatwo
easily
with no difficulty
“This diary fits easily into my bag.”,
“She makes friends easily.”
z łatwością
easily
used to emphasize that something is likely
“A comment like that could easily be misunderstood.”
bez wątpienia najlepszy/najgorszy/największy itp.
easily
certainly the best/worst/biggest, etc
gubernator
governor
someone who is officially responsible for controlling a region, city, or organization
“a prison/school governor”,
“the Governor of Texas”
głośność
volume
the level of sound produced by a television, radio, etc
“to turn the volume up/down”
wielkość, rozmiar
volume
the number or amount of something, especially when it is large
“the volume of work involved”
pojemność, objętość
volume
the amount of space inside an object
“Which of the bottles has the larger volume?”
tom
volume
a book, especially one of a set
“a new dictionary in two volumes”
płynąć
flow
If something such as a liquid flows, it moves somewhere in a smooth, continuous way.
“The river flows from the Andes to the ocean.”,
“Electric current flows down this wire.”
płynąć, toczyć się
flow
If words, ideas, or conversations flow, they continue in an easy and relaxed way without stopping.
“At dinner, the conversation flowed freely.”
przepływ
flow
a smooth continuous movement of something such as a liquid
“the flow of blood”,
“the flow of information”
więzienie
prison
a place where criminals are kept as a punishment
“He’s spent most of his life in prison.”,
“She was sent to prison for two years.”
sankcja
sanction
a punishment for not obeying a rule or a law
“economic/trade sanctions against a country”
zgoda, poparcie
sanction
official approval or permission
udzielać zgody na, udzielać poparcia
sanction
to formally approve of something
“He refused to sanction the publication of his private letters.”
środowisko (naturalne )
environment
the air, land, and water where people, animals, and plants live
“The new road may cause damage to the environment.”
otoczenie
environment
the situation that you live or work in, and how it influences how you feel
“We are working in a very competitive environment.”
jeden
one
the number 1
ten, zastępuje rzeczownik; w tym znaczeniu często nie ma osobnego tłumaczenia, np. Wyrzuć te rękawiczki i kup nowe
one
used to refer to a particular person or thing in a group that has already been talked about
“I’ve just made some biscuits, do you want one?”,
“Throw those gloves away and get some new ones.”,
“Chris is the one with glasses.”
każdy, często tłumaczymy formą bezosobową, np. Powinno się/należy szanować rodziców
one
any person in general
“One ought to respect one’s parents.”
pojedynczo, po jednym , po kolei
one
separately
“Eat them one at a time.”
po kolei , kolejno
one
separately, with one thing happening after another
“One by one the old buildings have been demolished.”
się, siebie, sobie, sobą
one
each other
“How can they reach an agreement if they won’t talk to one another?”
w jednym , jednocześnie
one
combined into a single thing
“It’s a vacation and art course all in one.”
jeden
one
used to refer to a particular person or thing in a group
“One drawback is the cost of housing in the area.”,
“One of our daughters has just got married.”
pewien, jakiś, któryś
one
used to refer to a time in the future that is not yet decided
“We must have a drink together one evening.”
pewien, jakiś, któryś
one
at a particular time in the past
“I first met him one day in the park.”
jedyny
one
only
“He’s the one person you can rely on in this place.”
jakiś, strasznie
one
used to emphasize an adjective
“That’s one big ice cream you’ve got there!”
kilka, parę
one
a few
“I’d like to make one or two suggestions.”
telefonist-a/ka
operator
someone who helps to connect people on a telephone system
“Why don’t you call the operator?”
operator/ka, obsługując-y/a
operator
someone whose job is to use and control a machine or vehicle
“a computer operator”
organizator
operator
a company that does a particular type of business
“a tour operator”
inflacja
inflation
the rate at which prices increase, or a continuing increase in prices
“low/rising inflation “,
“The inflation rate fell again last month.”
(wszystko) co, cokolwiek
whatever
anything or everything
“Do whatever you want.”,
“He eats whatever I put in front of him.”
cokolwiek, obojętnie co
whatever
used to say that what happens is not important because it does not change a situation
“Whatever happens I’ll still love you.”,
“We’ll support you, whatever you decide.”
co (też)
whatever
used to ask for information when you are surprised or angry about something
“Whatever do you mean?”
wszystko jedno
whatever
something that you say when you are angry with someone who is asking you something
“‘Isabel, will you just listen when I’m talking to you?’ ‘Whatever.’”
albo coś w tym stylu
whatever
or something similar
“The children are usually outside playing football or whatever.”
siedem
seven
the number 7
ton, brzmienie
tone
the quality of a sound, especially of someone’s voice
“I knew by her tone of voice that she was serious.”
ton, atmosfera
tone
the general feeling or style that something has
“Then the director arrived and the whole tone of the meeting changed.”
sygnał
tone
an electronic sound made by a telephone
“a dialling tone/an engaged tone”
odcień
tone
one of the many types of a particular colour
ujędrniać
tone
to make your muscles or skin firmer and stronger
“Try these exercises to tone up your stomach muscles.”
zachowywać, chronić
preserve
to keep something the same or prevent it from being damaged or destroyed
“to preserve peace”,
“to preserve the environment”
konserwować
preserve
to add substances to something so that it stays in good condition for a long time
“to preserve food/wood”
konfitury, konfitura
preserve
a sweet food made from fruit, sugar, and water
“apricot/strawberry preserve”
domena
preserve
an activity that only a particular group of people can do
“Sport used to be a male preserve.”,
“Owning racehorses is the preserve of the rich.”
rezerwat
preserve
an area where wild animals and plants are protected
ludzki
human
relating to people or their characteristics
“the human body”,
“human behaviour”,
“The accident was caused by human error (= a person’s mistake).”
być tylko człowiekiem
human
to not be perfect
“Of course Tom makes mistakes - he’s only human.”
człowiek
human
a man, woman, or child
“The disease affects both humans and animals.”
zawiadamiać, informować
inform
to tell someone about something
“If he calls me again, I shall inform the police.”,
“He informed us that we would have to leave.”
zawiadamiać, informować
inform
to give someone information about something
“Patients should be informed about the risks.”,
“He keeps his parents informed of his whereabouts.”
twardy
firm
not soft, but not completely hard
“A firm bed is better for your back.”
zdecydowany, stanowczy
firm
certain or fixed and not likely to change
“We don’t have any firm plans for the weekend yet.”,
“I’m a firm believer in equal rights.”
mocny, pewny
firm
strong and tight
“a firm handshake/grip “
stanowczy
firm
strict and making certain that people do what you want
“You’ve got to be firm with children.”
firma
firm
a company that sells goods or services
“a law firm”
inicjatywa
initiative
a plan or activity that is done to solve a problem or improve a situation
“a new government initiative to reduce crime”
inicjatywa
initiative
the ability to make decisions and do things without needing to be told what to do
“We need someone who can work on their own initiative (= without anyone telling them what to do).”
podejmować inicjatywę
initiative
to be the first person to do something that solves a problem or improves a situation
“Jackson had taken the initiative and prepared a report.”
składnik, część, element
element
a part of something
“This book has all the elements of a good detective story.”
odrobina czegoś
element
a small amount of an emotion or quality
“There’s an element of truth in what she says.”
element, grupa
element
a group of people of a particular type
“The disruptive element on the committee voted against the proposal.”
pierwiastek
element
a simple substance which cannot be reduced to smaller chemical parts
“Iron is one of the elements of the Earth’s crust.”
element grzejny, grzałka
element
the part of a piece of electrical equipment that produces heat
świadomość
recognition
agreement that something is true or real
“There is a growing recognition of the scale of the problem.”,
“There is a general recognition that she’s the best person for the job.”
uznanie
recognition
a situation in which when someone is publicly thanked for something good that they have done
“Ellen gained recognition for her outstanding work.”,
“He was given a medal in recognition of his bravery.”
rozpoznanie
recognition
knowledge of something or someone because you have seen or experienced them before
“I waved at her, but she showed no sign of recognition.”
zmęczony
tired
feeling that you want to rest or sleep
“I’m too tired to go out tonight.”,
“He was tired out (= very tired) by the end of the day.”,
“She never seems to get tired.”
zmęczony czymś
tired
bored or annoyed by something that has happened too often
“I’m tired of listening to her problems.”
elektryczny
electric
Electric lights, tools, etc work using electricity.
“an electric light/heater”
elektryczny
electric
supplying electricity
“an electric socket”,
“electric current”
pełen podniecenia
electric
full of excitement and emotion
“The atmosphere backstage was electric.”
ława lub sąd przysięgłych
jury
a group of people in a court of law who decide if someone is guilty or not
jury
jury
a group of people who decide the winner of a competition
zawierać, obejmować
include
to have something or someone as part of something larger or more general, such as a group, price, or process
“His books include the best-selling novel ‘The Foundling’.”,
“The price includes flights and three nights’ accommodation.”
obejmować, ujmować
include
to allow someone to take part in an activity
“Local residents were included in the initial planning discussions.”
dziura, otwór
hole
a hollow space in something, or an opening in a surface
“a bullet hole”,
“There’s a hole in the roof.”,
“We dug a hole to plant the tree.”
nora królika/myszy itp.
hole
a hollow space where a rabbit/mouse, etc lives
dołek
hole
a small, hollow space in the ground that you try to hit a ball into in a game of golf
wzdychać
sigh
to breathe out slowly and noisily, often because you are annoyed or unhappy
“He sighed deeply and sat down.”,
“‘I’m all alone now,’ she sighed.”
mapa
map
a picture that shows where countries, towns, roads, rivers, etc are
“a road map “,
“a large-scale map of Europe”
wydajny, sprawny
efficient
working well and not wasting time or energy
“an efficient person/organization”,
“Email is a quick and efficient way of contacting people.”
dla
for
intended to be given to or used by someone or something
“I’ve bought a few clothes for the new baby.”,
“We need some curtains for the spare bedroom.”,
“parking for residents only”
do
for
having a particular purpose
“a cream for dry skin”,
“What are those large scissors for?”,
“I keep some brandy for medicinal purposes.”
za, z powodu
for
because of or as a result of something
“I got fined for travelling without a ticket.”,
“Scotland is famous for its spectacular countryside.”
przez
for
used to show an amount of time or distance
“We drove for miles before we found a phone box.”,
“I’ve been living with my parents for a few months.”
po, na, dla
for
in order to get or achieve something
“I’ve sent off for an application form.”,
“We had to wait for a taxi.”
za, dla
for
in order to help someone
“I’ll carry those bags for you.”
z okazji
for
on the occasion of
“We’re having a party for Jim’s 60th birthday.”
na
for
at a particular time
“I’ve booked a table for 9 o’clock.”
za, na
for
in exchange for something, especially an amount of money
“How much did you pay for your computer?”,
“I’d like to change it for a smaller one.”
za, na
for
supporting or agreeing with someone or something
“Who did you vote for?”,
“There were 16 people for the motion and 14 against.”
dla
for
representing or working with a country, organization, etc
“He plays football for Manchester United.”,
“She works for a charity.”
do
for
towards or in the direction of
“Just follow the signs for the airport.”
(jak) na
for
when compared to a particular fact
“She’s quite tall for her age.”
na
for
meaning or representing something
“What’s the German word for ‘cucumber’?”
dla
for
used to say whose responsibility something is
“I can’t tell you whether you should go or not - that’s for you to decide.”
mimo
for
despite
“For all her qualifications, she’s useless at the job.”
o ile wiem , nie wiem dokładnie
for
used to say that a fact is not important to you
“He could be married by now, for all I care.”
na razie
for
used to say that something should happen or be done now but can be changed later
“Just put everything on the table for now.”
mieć kłopoty
for
to be in trouble
“If Hilary finds out I’ll be for it!”
wiedzieć
know
to have knowledge or information about something in your mind
""How old is she?" "I don't know."", "Andrew knows a lot about computers.", "Do you know where the station is?", "He knew that she was lying.", "Do your parents know you smoke?"
znać
know
to be familiar with a person, place, or thing because you have met them, been there, used it, etc before
“I’ve known Tim since primary school.”,
“I grew up in Brussels so I know it well.”,
“Since moving to London, I’ve got to know (= become familiar with) some nice people.”
umieć
know
to be able to do something
“Do you know how to ski?”,
“I only know (= understand and speak) a little Spanish.”
dać komuś znać
know
to tell someone something
“Let me know if you’re going to the party.”
wiedzieć
know
to guess something correctly
“I knew she’d arrive late.”,
“I should have known he wouldn’t come.”
rozumieć
know
to understand and agree with someone
“I know what you mean about Pete - I wouldn’t trust him at all.”
być znanym jako coś
know
to be called something
“California is also known as the Sunshine State.”
pamiętać coś
know
to have had experience of something
“I’ve never known the weather be so hot.”
mieć na tyle rozumu (żeby czegoś nie robić )
know
to have the intelligence or judgment not to do something
“She should have known better than to eat so much. No wonder she feels sick now.”
właśnieJuż wiem !
know
used when you agree with something someone has just saidused when you have an idea
"”It’s a lovely day, isn’t it?” “I know - let’s hope it lasts.””,
“I know - let’s go to Helen’s house.”
(no) wiesz (no) wiesz nie myśl sobie
know
used to emphasize that someone does know what you are referring tosomething that you say while you are thinking what to say nextused to emphasize what you are saying
“You know, he’s the one with curly hair.”,
“It’s, you know, supposed to be a surprise.”,
“I’m not an idiot, you know.”
o ile wiem , o ile mi wiadomo
know
used to say that you think something is true, but cannot be sure
“As far as I know, he’s never been in prison.”
nigdy nie wiadomo
know
used to say that something could be possible although it does not seem likely
“You never know - you might win the lottery.”
zanim się obejrzysz
know
very soon
“We’ll be there before you know it.”
być wtajemniczonym lub dobrze poinformowanym
know
to have knowledge about something that not everyone knows
“People in the know were sure the film would win an Oscar.”
zadowolony
glad
happy about something
“She’s very glad that she left.”,
“I’m so glad to see you.”
chętny
glad
very willing to do something
“She’s always glad to help.”
cieszyć się z czegoś
glad
to be grateful for something
“I was glad of a few days off before going back to work.”
mocno, silnie, zdecydowanie
strongly
very much or in a very serious way
“He is strongly opposed to violence of any sort.”,
“I strongly believe that we should take action.”
róża
rose
a flower with a pleasant smell and thorns (= sharp points on the stem), that grows on a bush
“He gave me a bunch of red roses.”
-
rose
past tense of rise
wino różowe lub rosé
rose
pink wine
finansowy
financial
relating to money or how money is managed
“a financial adviser “,
“She’s having some financial difficulties at the moment.”
kilka, kilku
several
some, but not a lot
“Several people have complained about the scheme.”,
“Several of my friends studied in Manchester.”,
“Do you want to take one? - We’ve got several.”
szczęście
luck
good and bad things caused by chance and not by your own actions
“It was just luck that I asked for a job at the right time.”,
“Then I met this gorgeous woman and I couldn’t believe my luck.”,
“He seems to have had a lot of bad luck in his life.”
szczęście
luck
success
“Have you had any luck (= succeeded in) finding your bag?”,
“He’s been trying to find work but with no luck so far.”
mieć szczęście
luck
to be able to have or do what you want
"”Do you have any tuna sandwiches?” “You’re in luck - there’s one left.””
Powodzenia !
luck
something you say to someone when you hope that they will be successful
“Good luck with your exam!”
To pech!, Co za pech!
luck
used to show sympathy when someone is unsuccessful or unlucky
"”They’ve run out of tickets.” “Oh, bad luck!””
rysować
draw
to produce a picture by making lines or marks, usually with a pen or pencil
“She drew a picture of a tree.”
ciągnąć/przeciągać itp. coś/kogoś
draw
to pull something or someone gently in a particular direction
“He took her hand and drew her towards him.”
wjeżdżać (na)/wyjeżdżać/odjeżdżać itp.
draw
to move somewhere, usually in a vehicle
“The train drew into the station.”
odsuwać lub zasuwać zasłony
draw
to pull curtains open or closed
zwracać ( czyjąś ) uwagę na coś/kogoś
draw
to make someone notice someone or something
“I don’t want to draw too much attention to myself.”
przyciągać
draw
to attract someone to a place or person
“Thousands of tourists are drawn to the city every year.”
remisować
draw
to finish a game or competition with each team or player having the same score
“England drew 2-2 against Italy.”
wyciągać
draw
to take something out of a container or your pocket, especially a weapon
“He drew a knife and started threatening me.”
zbliżać się
draw
to become nearer in space or time
“Her birthday’s drawing nearer every day.”
brać oddech
draw
to breathe in air
“She drew a deep breath and started her speech.”
pobierać, wypłacać
draw
to take money from your bank account
kończyć się, dobiegać końca
draw
to be almost finished
wyciągać wnioski
draw
to make judgments after considering a subject or situation
“What conclusions should we draw from this report?”
porównywać/rozróżniać, wskazywać na podobieństwa /różnice
draw
to say that there is a similarity or difference between two things
remis
draw
the result of a game or competition in which each player or team has the same score
“The match ended in a draw.”
loteria, losowanie
draw
a competition that is decided by choosing a particular ticket or number
“the National Lottery draw”
zwiększać (się), wzrastać
increased
to get bigger or to make something bigger in size or amount
“Eating fatty food increases the risk of heart disease.”,
“Exports of computers have increased by 15% since January.”,
“increased demand/competition”,
“Her anxieties are shared by an increasing number of women.”
wzrost
increased
a rise in the number, size, or amount of something
“a price/tax increase”,
“We are seeing an increase in standards of living.”
rosnący
increased
If something is on the increase, it is happening more often.
“Violent crime is on the increase.”
początkowo
initially
at the beginning
“The situation was worse than they initially thought.”
w dół, na dole
down
towards or in a lower place
“The kids ran down the hill to the gate.”,
“She tripped and fell down.”,
“I bent down to have a look.”
często oddawane przedrostkiem s- , z- , np. ściszać zwalniać itp.
down
towards or at a lower level or amount
“Can you turn the music down?”,
“Slow down so they can see us.”
w dół, na dół
down
moving from above and onto a surface
“I sat down and turned on the TV.”,
“Put that box down on the floor.”
na południe, na południu
down
in or towards a particular direction, usually south
“Pete’s moved down to London.”
wzdłuż rzeki /ulicy itp. , dalej
down
along or further along the road/river, etc
“There’s another pub further down the street.”
zanotować/zapisywać itp. coś
down
to write something on a piece of paper
“Can I just take down your phone number?”
w żołądku
down
inside your stomach
“He’s had food poisoning and can’t keep anything down.”
należeć do kogoś
down
to be someone’s responsibility or decision
“I’ve done all I can now, the rest is down to you.”
zachorować na coś
down
to become sick
“The whole family came down with food poisoning.”
przygnębiony
down
sad
“What’s the matter? You look a bit down today.”
nieczynny, zepsuty
down
If a computer or machine is down, it is temporarily not working.
“The network was down all morning.”
puch
down
soft feathers, often used as a warm filling for bed covers
obalić, wychylić
down
to drink something quickly
“He was so thirsty, he downed two bottles of beer.”
gość
guest
someone who comes to visit you in your home, at a party, etc
“We’ve got some guests coming this weekend.”
gość
guest
someone who is staying in a hotel
“The hotel has accommodation for 200 guests.”
gość
guest
a famous person who takes part in a television programme or other entertainment
“Our special guest tonight is Sandra Bullock.”
władza
power
control or influence over people and events
“He likes to have power over people.”
władza
power
political control in a country
“They have been in power too long.”,
“When did this government come to power (= start to control the country)?”
energia, moc
power
energy, usually electricity, that is used to provide light, heat, etc
“nuclear power”,
“Turn off the power at the main switch.”
mocarstwo, potęga
power
a country that has a lot of influence over others
“a major world power”
uprawnienie, moc, władza
power
an official or legal right to do something
“It’s not in my power to stop him publishing this book.”
siła, potęga
power
strength or force
“economic/military power “
zdolność, umiejętność
power
a natural ability
“to lose the power of speech”
potęga
power
the number of times that a number has to be multiplied by itself
“2 to the fourth power is 2 times 2 times 2 times 2, which equals 16.”
zrobić lub uczynić wszystko, co w czyjejś mocy
power
to do everything that you are able and allowed to do
“I’ve done everything in my power to help him.”
władze
power
important people who have authority over others
zasilać
power
to supply energy to a machine and make it work
“The clock is powered by two small batteries.”
współczynnik
rate
how often something happens, or how many people something happens to
“the birth rate “,
“the rate of unemployment”
stopa, stawka, kurs
rate
a fixed amount of money given for something
“the interest/exchange rate “,
“rates of pay”
tempo
rate
the speed at which something happens
“the rate of progress”
w tym tempie , jak tak dalej pójdzie
rate
used before saying what will happen if a situation continues in the same way
“At this rate we’re not going to be there till midnight.”
w każdym razie , tak czy siak
rate
used before saying one fact that is certain in a situation that you are generally not certain about
“Well, at any rate we need her to be there.”
pierwszorzędny/drugorzędny/trzeciorzędny
rate
very good, bad, or very bad
“a first-rate hotel”
oceniać
rate
to judge the quality or ability of someone or something
“How do you rate her as a singer?”
zasługiwać na
rate
to deserve something
“The incident didn’t even rate a mention (= was not written about) in the local newspaper.”
prowadzić, kierować
drive
to make a car, bus, or train move, and control what it does
“She’s learning to drive.”,
“He drives a red sports car.”
jechać (samochodem ), zawozić (samochodem )
drive
to travel somewhere in a car, or to take someone somewhere in a car
“We decided to drive to the airport.”,
“My friend drove me home last night.”
wypędzić kogoś (z), wypierać coś (z)
drive
to force someone to leave a place
“The supermarket has driven many small shops out of the area.”
doprowadzać kogoś do szaleństwa /szału itp.
drive
to make someone feel crazy, annoyed, or excited
“That noise is driving me mad.”
zmuszać kogoś do czegoś
drive
to make someone have a bad feeling or do something bad
“The arguments and violence drove her to leave home.”
wbijać/przebijać coś
drive
to push something somewhere by hitting it hard
“He drove the nail into the wall with a hammer.”
kierować, powodować
drive
to provide the power or energy that makes someone or something work
“She was driven by greed and ambition.”
jazda, droga
drive
a journey in a car
“The drive from Boston to New York took 4 hours.”
podjazd
drive
the area of ground that you drive on to get from your house to the road
“You can park on the drive.”
stacja, napęd
drive
a part of a computer that can read or store information
“a DVD drive”,
“Save your work on the C drive.”
kampania
drive
a great effort to achieve something
“The government started a drive to improve standards in schools.”
energia, zapał
drive
energy and determination to achieve things
“She has drive and ambition.”
opinia, pogląd, zdanie
opinion
a thought or belief about something or someone
“What’s your opinion about/on the matter?”,
“He has fairly strong opinions on most subjects.”,
“Why don’t we ask Daniel’s opinion?”,
“In my opinion (= I think) he’s the best football player we have in this country.”
opinia publiczna
opinion
the thoughts and beliefs that most people have about a subject
“Eventually, the government will have to take notice of public opinion.”
mieć dobre/złe zdanie na temat kogoś/czegoś
opinion
to think that someone or something is good/bad
“He has a low opinion of doctors.”
odpowiadać
reply
to answer
"”I don’t understand,” she replied.”,
“He didn’t reply to my email.”,
“Henry replied that he had no idea what I was talking about.”
odpowiedź
reply
an answer
“Her reply was short and unfriendly.”,
“Have you had a reply to your letter?”,
“She sent me an email in reply (= as an answer).”
identyfikacja
identification
the act of recognizing and naming someone or something
“Most of the bodies were badly burned, making identification almost impossible.”
dowód tożsamości
identification
an official document that shows or proves who you are
“an identification card/number”,
“The car hire company requires two forms of identification.”
miesiąc
month
one of the twelve periods of time that a year is divided into
“last/next month”,
“Your birthday’s this month, isn’t it?”
miesiąc
month
a period of approximately four weeks
“She’ll be working here for six months.”,
“I saw him about three months ago.”
rozwiązywać
resolve
to solve or end a problem or difficulty
“an attempt to resolve the dispute”
postanowić
resolve
to decide that you will do something and be determined to do it
“I have resolved to keep my bedroom tidy.”
determinacja, zdecydowanie
resolve
determination to do something
dwadzieścia
twenty
the number 20
lata dwudzieste
twenty
the years from 1920 to 1929
być po dwudziestce
twenty
to be aged between 20 and 29
zapas towaru , skład, towar, dostawa
stock
all the goods that are available in a shop
“We’re expecting some new stock in this afternoon.”
być/nie być na stanie lub składzie
stock
to be available/not available in a shop
zasób, zapas
stock
a supply of something that is ready to be used
“stocks of food/weapons”
akcje , akcja
stock
the value of a company, or a share in its value
“to buy/sell stock”,
“falling/rising stock prices “
wywar, bulion
stock
a liquid made by boiling meat, bones, or vegetables and used to make soups, sauces, etc
“chicken/vegetable stock”
dobrze się zastanowić (nad czymś )
stock
to think carefully about a situation before making a decision
oferować, mieć na składzie
stock
to have something available for people to buy
“They stock a wide range of books and magazines.”
sztampowa odpowiedź/utarty zwrot itp.
stock
an answer/phrase, etc that is always used and so is not really useful
herbata
tea
a hot drink that you make by pouring water onto dried leaves, or the leaves that you use to make this drink
“herbal teas “,
“Would you like a cup of tea or coffee?”
podwieczorek
tea
a small afternoon meal of cakes, biscuits, etc and tea to drink
“They invited us for afternoon tea.”
kolacja
tea
a word used by some people for the meal that is eaten in the evening
późny, spóźniony, późno
late
after the usual time or the time that was arranged
“I was late for work this morning.”,
“We got there too late and all the tickets had been sold.”,
“You’re late - you were supposed to be here an hour ago!”,
“We had a late lunch.”
późny, późno
late
near the end of a period of time
“It was built in the late nineteenth century.”,
“It was late at night.”,
“Marsha is in her late twenties.”
jest późno
late
something that you say when it is near the end of a day
“It’s late - I really should be going.”,
“It’s getting late and I’m a bit tired.”
świętej pamięci
late
not now alive
“the late Mrs Walker”
ostatnio
late
recently
“We’ve scarcely seen him of late.”
Niemcy
German
a country in Europe
rano, poranek, ranek
morning
the first half of the day, from the time when the sun rises or you wake up until the middle of the day
“Friday morning”,
“tomorrow morning “,
“I got up late this morning.”
ranorano
morning
during the early part of the daytomorrow morning
“I listen to the radio in the morning.”,
“I’ll pack my bags in the morning.”
3/4 itp. nad ranem
morning
3/4, etc o’clock in the night
“My car alarm went off at 3 o’clock in the morning.”
Dzień dobry
morning
used to say hello to someone in the morning
gigantyczny, olbrzymi
giant
extremely big, or much bigger than other similar things
“a giant spider”
olbrzym
giant
an imaginary man who is much bigger and stronger than ordinary men
gigant, potentat
giant
a very large and important company or organization
“a media/software giant”
dom
home
the place where you live or feel you belong
“I tried to call him, but he wasn’t at home.”,
“We sold our home in London and moved to Scotland.”,
“He left home (= stopped living with his family) when he was eighteen.”
dom opieki
home
a place where people who need special care live
“a children’s home “,
“My grandmother lives in a home now.”
czuć się jak (u siebie) w domu , mieć świetną orientację
home
to feel happy and confident in a place or situation
“After a month she felt at home in her new job.”
czuć się jak (u siebie) w domu , rozgościć się
home
to behave in a relaxed way in a place, as if it was your own home
“Take off your coat and make yourself at home.”
ojczyzna czegoś/kogoś
home
the place where you usually find something or someone, or where they come from
“France, the home of good food”
do domu
home
to the place where you live
“He didn’t come home until midnight.”,
“I went home to visit my parents.”,
“I remembered on my way home.”
w domu
home
at or in the place someone lives
“Will you be home tomorrow evening?”
czyjś adres/telefon domowy
home
an address/telephone number, etc for the place where someone lives
domowy
home
made or used in the place where someone lives
“home cooking “,
“a home computer”
gospodarzy , miejscowy, lokalny
home
relating to the place where a sporting event happens
“The home team won 2-0.”
wewnętrzny
home
relating to things in your own country
“home affairs”
miasto, miasteczko
town
a place where people live and work, usually larger than a village but smaller than a city
“It’s a small town in the north of England.”
miasto, centrum (miasta )
town
the central area of a town where the shops are
“I usually go into town on a Saturday.”,
“Shall I meet you in town?”
ustalony, dany
given
already arranged or agreed
“They can only stay for a given amount of time.”
codziennie/w każdej chwili /co tydzień
given
any day/time/week, etc
“About 4 million women are pregnant in the US at any given time.”
biorąc lub wziąwszy pod uwagę
given
considering a particular thing
“Given the force of the explosion, it’s a miracle they survived.”
-
given
past participle of give
metal
metal
a usually hard, shiny material such as iron, gold, or silver which heat and electricity can travel through
“scrap metal”,
“Metals are used for making machinery and tools.”,
“a metal sheet/bar”
wiele, dużo
many
used mainly in negative sentences and questions to mean ‘a large number of’
“I don’t have many clothes.”,
“Were there many cars on the road?”,
“I’ve got so many things to do this morning.”,
“You’ve given me too many potatoes (= more than I want).”,
“There aren’t as many people here as last year.”
ile
many
used in questions to ask about the number of something
“How many hours a week do you work?”,
“How many do you want?”
aż, nawet
many
used before a number or amount to show that the number or amount is large
“As many as 6000 people may have been infected with the disease.”
wizja
vision
an idea or image in your mind of what something could be like in the future
“a vision of a better society”
wzrok
vision
the ability to see
“He has poor vision in his left eye.”
dar przewidywania
vision
the ability to make plans for the future that are imaginative and wise
“As a leader, he lacked vision.”
wizja
vision
someone or something that you see that no one else can see as part of a religious experience
zarobki
earnings
money that you get from working
Ziemia
earth
the planet that we live on
ziemia
earth
soil or ground
“a mound of earth”
uziemienie
earth
a wire that makes electrical equipment safer
kosztować/żądać itp. krocie
earth
to cost/charge, etc an extremely large amount of money
ogród, ogródek
garden
an area of ground belonging to a house, often containing grass, flowers, or trees
“the front/back garden “,
“Dad’s outside in the garden.”
ogrody
garden
a park or large public area where plants and flowers are grown
bezpieczeństwo
safety
the state of being safe from harm or danger
“food/road safety”,
“The hostages were led to safety (= to a safe place).”,
“a safety valve”
bezpieczeństwo
safety
how safe something is
“Safety at the factory has been improved.”
drugi
second
referring to the person, thing, or event that comes immediately after the first
“You’re second on the list.”,
“This is my second piece of chocolate cake.”,
“She didn’t win but she did come second (= was the one after the winner) in one race.”
drugi
second
2nd written as a word
sekunda
second
one of the 60 parts a minute is divided into
chwila, sekunda
second
a very short period of time
“I’ll be back in just a second.”,
“It only took a few seconds.”
towar wybrakowany lub drugiego gatunku
second
something that is sold cheaply because it is damaged or not in perfect condition
“Some of those towels are seconds.”
popierać
second
to formally support an idea at a meeting
“The chairperson’s proposal was seconded by Ms Jones.”
oddelegować
second
to send someone to another job for a fixed period of time
“He was seconded from the police to the Department of Transport.”
czosnek
garlic
a vegetable like a small onion with a very strong taste and smell
“a clove of garlic “
intensywny, głęboki
intense
extreme or very strong
“intense heat/pain”
poważny, uczuciowy
intense
Intense people are very serious, and usually have strong emotions or opinions.
“He’s always been very intense.”
