Deck 6 Flashcards
garść
handful
the amount of something that you can hold in one hand
garstka czegoś
handful
a small number of people or things
“Only a handful of people came to the meeting.”
niezłe ziółko
handful
someone who is difficult to control, especially a child
“Daisy’s only three and she’s quite a handful.”
wyposażenie, sprzęt
equipment
the things that are used for a particular activity or purpose
“kitchen/office equipment”,
“electrical equipment (= equipment that uses electricity) “
przyrząd, narzędzie
equipment
a tool or object used for a particular activity or purpose
Przyimek of w wielu przypadkach nie ma odrębnego tłumaczenia; najczęściej of plus rzeczownik tłumaczy się rzeczownikiem w dopełniaczu, np. kolor jej włosów itp.
of
belonging or relating to someone or something
“a friend of mine”,
“the colour of her hair”,
“part of the problem”
-
of
used after words that show an amount
“a kilo of apples”,
“both of us”,
“a handful of raisins”,
“They sell 31 flavours of ice cream - enough to satisfy everyone!”
-
of
used with numbers, ages, and dates
“a boy of six”,
“a decrease of 10%”,
“the 14th of February 2012”
-
of
containing
“a glass of milk”,
“sacks of rubbish”
z
of
made or consisting of
“dresses of lace and silk”
z niektórymi czasownikami, przymiotnikami
of
used to connect particular adjectives and verbs with nouns
“frightened of spiders”,
“smelling of garlic”
-
of
showing someone or something
“a map of the city”
na
of
showing a reason or cause
“He died of a heart attack.”
od
of
showing position or direction
“the front of the queue”,
“a small town north of Seattle”
-
of
used after nouns describing actions or feelings to mean ‘done to’ or ‘experienced by’
“the destruction of the rain forest”,
“the suffering of millions”
-
of
written or made by
“the collected works of William Shakespeare”
południe
south
the direction that is on your right when you face towards the rising sun
południe
south
the part of an area that is further towards the south than the rest
fasolka, fasola
bean
a seed of some climbing plants, that is used as food
“soya beans”
fasolka, fasola
bean
a part of some climbing plants that contains the seeds and is eaten as a vegetable
“green beans”
ziarnko (kawy)
bean
a plant seed used to make coffee and chocolate
“coffee beans”
rozkładać coś gdzieś
spread
to arrange something so that it covers a large area
“He spread the cards out on the table.”
rozkładać
spread
to arrange for something to happen over a period of time and not at once
“The payments will be spread over two years.”
rozprzestrzeniać się, rozszerzać się
spread
to increase, or move to cover a larger area or affect a larger number of people
“The smoke soon spread into all the rooms in the house.”,
“The virus is spread by rats.”
smarować, rozsmarowywać
spread
to move a soft substance across a surface so that it covers it
“hot buttered toast spread with strawberry jam”,
“He spread a thin layer of glue on the paper.”
rozchodzić się, rozpowszechniać
spread
If information spreads or if someone spreads it, it is communicated from one person to another.
“News of his death spread quickly.”
rozprzestrzenianie się
spread
the degree to which something moves to cover a larger area or affect a larger number of people, or the fact of doing this
“They are looking for ways to slow down the spread of the disease.”
pasta
spread
a soft food that you put on bread
“cheese spread”
rozkładówka
spread
an article that covers one or more pages of a newspaper or magazine
“a double-page spread”
czapka
cap
a hat with a flat, curved part at the front
“a baseball cap”
zakrętka, kapturek
cap
a small lid that covers the top or end of something
ukoronować, uwieńczyć
cap
to be the last and the best or worst event in a series of events
“The party capped a wonderful week.”
ograniczać
cap
to put a limit on an amount of money that can be borrowed, charged, etc
“The interest rate has been capped at 5%.”
zwieńczać, pokrywać
cap
to cover the top of something
“The mountains were capped with snow.”
bohater/ka
hero
someone who does something brave or good that people respect or admire them for
“He became a national hero for his part in the revolution.”
bohater
hero
the main male character in a book or film who is usually good
“the hero of her new novel”,
“For once he plays the hero in the movie.”
zakładać
assume
to think that something is likely to be true, although you have no proof
“Everything was quiet when I got home so I assumed that you had gone out.”
obejmować kontrolę /władzę /przyjmować odpowiedzialność itp.
assume
to take a position of control/power/responsibility, etc
“He has assumed the role of spokesman for the group.”
przybierać postawę /minę
assume
to pretend to have a feeling that you do not have
występować pod przybranym nazwiskiem
assume
to pretend to be someone else
“an assumed name”
przemysł
industry
the production of goods in factories
“heavy industry”
przemysł
industry
all the companies involved in a particular type of business
“the entertainment industry”
kieszeń
a small bag that is sewn or fixed onto or into a piece of clothing, a bag, the back of a seat, etc
“a coat/shirt/trouser pocket”,
“He was asked to empty his pockets.”,
“Safety instructions are in the pocket on the seat in front of you.”
zakątek, obszar
a small area or small amount of something that is different from what is around it
“There was real poverty in some pockets of the country.”,
“small pockets of air trapped inside the glass”
kieszeń
the amount of money that you have for spending
“I shouldn’t have to pay for travel out of my own pocket (= with my own money).”
być do tyłu
to have less money than you should have because you have paid for something
“The travel company cancelled our trip and we were left hundreds of pounds out of pocket.”
przywłaszczyć sobie
to take something, especially money, which does not belong to you
“His plan was to pocket the money from the sale of the business and leave the country.”
schować do kieszeni
to put something in your pocket
“Juan pocketed the knife and walked away.”
kieszonkowy
small enough to fit in your pocket
“a pocket dictionary”
twój, wasz
yours
the things that belong or relate to the person or people you are talking to
“Is this pen yours?”,
“Our tent’s smaller than yours.”
z poważaniem
yours
used just before your name at the end of a polite or formal letter
mówiący te słowa
yours
I or me
noc
night
the time in every 24 hours when it is dark and people usually sleep
“I didn’t get any sleep last night.”,
“It’s warm during the day, but it can get quite cold at night.”,
“The phone rang in the middle of the night.”,
“Did you hear that storm during the night?”,
“We stayed up almost all night talking.”,
“Tim’s working nights this week.”
wieczór
night
the period from the evening to the time when you go to sleep
“Did you have a good time last night?”,
“Are you doing anything on Friday night?”
wieczór, noc
night
used to describe the hours from the evening until just after 12 midnight
“They’re open from 7 in the morning until 10 o’clock at night.”
wcześnie/późno się położyć
night
to go to bed early/late
“We had a bit of a late night last night.”
wyjście, wieczór poza domem
night
an evening spent away from home doing something enjoyable
“a night out at the theatre”
Dobranoc!
night
You say ‘Good night’ to someone who is going to bed.
“Good night, sleep well.”
raz
once
one time
“It’s only snowed once or twice this year.”,
“I go swimming once a week (= one time every week).”
kiedyś
once
in the past, but not now
“This house once belonged to my grandfather.”
jeszcze raz, znowu
once
again
“Once again I’m left with all the washing up.”
nagle
once
suddenly
“All at once he stood up and walked out of the room.”
od razu , natychmiastna raz
once
immediatelyat the same time
“I knew at once that I would like it here.”,
“They all started talking at once.”
raz na jakiś czas, czasem, czasami
once
sometimes but not often
“He plays tennis once in a while.”
raz na zawsze
once
If you do something once and for all, you do it now so that it does not have to be dealt with again.
“Let’s get to the bottom of this matter once and for all!”
jeszcze raz
once
one more time
“If you say that once more, I’m going to leave.”
chociaż raz, tym razem
once
used to mean that something is happening that does not usually happen
“For once, I think I have good news for him.”
dawno (dawno) temu, pewnego razu
once
used at the beginning of a children’s story to mean that something happened a long time ago
jak tylko, kiedy
once
as soon as
“Once I’ve found somewhere to live, I’ll send you my new address.”,
“We’ll send your tickets once we’ve received your cheque.”
skarżyć się, uskarżać się, narzekać, składać reklamację
complain
to say that something is wrong or that you are annoyed about something
“Lots of people have complained about the noise.”,
“He’s always complaining that nobody listens to him.”
gdziekolwiek, (= z przeczeniem) nigdzie
anywhere
in or to any place
“Just sit anywhere.”,
“I couldn’t find a post office anywhere.”
gdzieś, (= z przeczeniem) nigdzie
anywhere
used in questions and negatives to mean ‘a place’
“He doesn’t have anywhere to stay.”,
“Can you find anywhere to hang your coat?”,
“Is there anywhere else you’d like to visit while you’re here?”
choć trochę, (= z przeczeniem) ani trochę
anywhere
used in questions and negatives to mean ‘close to being or doing something’
“The house isn’t anywhere near ready.”
grób
grave
a place in the ground where a dead body is buried
“She visits his grave every day.”
poważny
grave
very serious
“grave doubts “,
“a grave mistake “
ćwiczenie (fizyczne ), ruch, aktywność fizyczna
exercise
physical activity that you do to make your body strong and healthy
“Swimming is my favourite form of exercise.”,
“Let’s do some stretching exercises to start with.”
ćwiczenie
exercise
a piece of written work that helps you learn something
“For your homework, please do exercise 3 on page 24.”
działanie
exercise
an activity that is intended to achieve a particular thing
“The whole point of the exercise was to get people to share their ideas.”,
“a team-building exercise.”
ćwiczenie
exercise
a set of actions that a group of soldiers do to practise their skills
“The cadets are out on military exercises.”
wykorzystanie
exercise
the use of something such as a power or right
ćwiczyć
exercise
to do physical activities to make your body strong and healthy
“I try to exercise every day.”
korzystać z
exercise
to use a power, right, or ability
“You should always exercise your right to vote.”
personel, pracownicy
staff
the people who work for an organization
“The report included doctors, nurses, and other hospital staff.”,
“The company has a staff of over 500 employees.”,
“Please talk to a member of staff.”
obsadzać
staff
to provide workers for an organization
“The charity was staffed by volunteers.”
aresztować
arrest
If the police arrest someone, they take them away to ask them about a crime that they might have committed.
“He was arrested for possession of illegal drugs.”
aresztowanie
arrest
an occasion when the police take someone away to ask them about a crime that they might have committed
“Police made 20 arrests at yesterday’s demonstration.”,
“He’s under arrest (= has been arrested).”
tolerancyjny, liberalny
liberal
accepting beliefs and behaviour that are new or different from your own
“a liberal attitude “,
“Her parents were very liberal.”
liberalny
liberal
Liberal political ideas emphasize the need to make new laws as society changes and the need for government to provide social services.
się, siebie, sobie, sobą
ourselves
the reflexive form of the pronoun ‘we’
“We’ve promised ourselves a holiday abroad this year.”
sami , samemu
ourselves
used for emphasis with the pronoun ‘we’ or when referring to yourself and at least one other person
“John and I arranged the wedding reception ourselves.”
(całkiem) sami , samemu, samodzielnie
ourselves
alone or without anyone else’s help
“It’s a big garden but we manage to look after it by ourselves.”
(tylko) dla siebie
ourselves
for our use only
“We arrived early and had the swimming pool all to ourselves.”
jest/są/były itp.
there
used to show that something exists or happens
“There are three girls in my family.”,
“There’s not much room in the back of the car.”,
“There have been a lot of accidents on this road.”,
“Is there any milk?”
tam
there
in or at a particular place
“We live in York because my wife works there.”,
“I went to the party but I didn’t know anyone there.”,
“We’ll never get there (= arrive) in time!”
tam
there
used when you are pointing or looking at something in order to make someone look in the same direction
“Put them in that box there.”,
“Your bag’s over there by the door.”
tam
there
present or available
“They were all there - Mark, Jill, and the three kids.”,
“That money is there for you if you need it.”
w tym lub tamtym miejscu lub momencie , teraz
there
at a particular point in a process or activity
“Do you want to play another game or do you want to stop there?”,
“Keep on trying - you’ll get there (= succeed) in the end.”
z miejsca , natychmiast
there
If you do something there and then, you do it immediately.
“I showed James the ring I liked and he bought it there and then.”
proszę (bardzo)A widzisz ?
there
used when you are giving something to someoneused to emphasize that you were right
“Do you want a tissue? There you are.”,
“There you go - I told you you’d win!”
żonaty, zamężna, małżeński
married
A married man or woman has a wife or husband.
“a married couple “,
“She’s been married to David for nearly ten years.”,
“As far as I know, they’re very happily married. “
pobierać się
married
to begin a legal relationship with someone as their husband or wife
“We got married last year.”
nieprzerwany, ciągły
continued
still happening, existing, or done
“his continued success”
turyst-a/ka
tourist
someone who visits a place for pleasure and does not live there
wiosna
spring
the season of the year between winter and summer, when the weather becomes warmer and plants start to grow again
“I’m starting a new course in the spring.”,
“spring flowers/weather”
sprężyna
spring
a piece of metal that curves round and round and that returns to its original shape after being pushed or pulled
“bed springs”
źródło
spring
a place where water comes out of the ground
“hot springs”
skok
spring
a sudden movement or jump somewhere
odskoczyć/skoczyć/wyskoczyć itp.
spring
to jump or move somewhere suddenly
“The cat sprang onto the sofa.”,
“I tried to shut the door, but it kept springing open.”
ożywać, budzić się do życia
spring
to suddenly become very active
“After about 8 o’clock, the city springs to life.”
przychodzić do głowy
spring
If a word or idea springs to mind, you suddenly think of it.
“He asked if I knew any good places to go, but nothing sprang to mind.”
postęp, postępy
progress
development and improvement of skills, knowledge, etc
“slow/rapid progress “,
“technological progress”,
“He has made good progress in French this year.”
w toku
progress
happening or being done now
“Quiet please - Exams in progress.”
postęp
progress
movement towards a place
rozwijać się
progress
to improve or develop in skills, knowledge, etc
“Technology has progressed rapidly in the last 100 years.”
postępować
progress
to continue gradually
“I began to feel more relaxed as the evening progressed.”
polityk
politician
someone who works in politics, especially a member of the government
“Churchill was a distinguished politician.”
porcelana
Chinese
the hard substance that plates, cups, bowls, etc are made from
“a china teapot”
porcelana, naczynia
Chinese
cups, plates, bowls, etc that are made from china
“My parents only use the best china when we have visitors.”
Chiny
Chinese
a country in Asia
ciekawy
curious
wanting to know or learn about something
“I was curious about his life in India.”,
“I was curious to know what would happen next.”
dziwny
curious
strange or unusual
“The house was decorated in a curious style.”
pod, poniżej
beneath
under something, or in a lower position than something
“He hid the letter beneath a pile of papers.”,
“She looked out of the window at the children playing beneath.”
poniżej godności
beneath
If someone or something is beneath you, you think they are not good enough for you.
“He thinks housework is beneath him.”
dzielnica, okolica, sąsiedztwo
neighborhood
an area of a town or city that people live in
“I grew up in a very poor neighbourhood.”,
“Are there any good restaurants in the neighbourhood (= in this area)?”
wydarzenie
event
something that happens, especially something important or unusual
“Local people have been shocked by recent events in the town.”
impreza
event
a race, party, competition, etc that has been organized for a particular time
“a social/sporting event “
ostatecznie, końcem końców
event
used to emphasize what did happen when it was not what you had expected
“In the event, we didn’t need the extra money.”
w razie czegoś
event
if something happens
“An airbag could save your life in the event of an accident.”
w każdym razie , tak czy siak
event
whatever happens
“I’m not sure if I’m coming on Friday, but in any event, I’ll see you next week.”
licznik, miernik, przyrząd pomiarowy
meter
a piece of equipment for measuring the amount of something such as electricity, time, or light
“a gas/water meter”,
“a parking/taxi meter”
-
meter
US spelling of metre
złocisty
golden
being a bright yellow colour
“bright golden hair”
złoty
golden
made of gold or like gold
“a golden ring”
życiowa szansa
golden
a very exciting and good opportunity
nominacja
nomination
the act of officially suggesting a person for a job or their work for a prize
“to seek/win a nomination “,
“He won the Democratic nomination for mayor of Chicago.”,
“She has just received her fourth Oscar nomination.”
nominacja, kandydatura
nomination
the choice of someone for a job or to do something
“They did everything they could to defeat his nomination to be surgeon general.”
obyczaj, zwyczaj
custom
a habit or tradition
klienci , klientela, obroty
custom
people who buy things from shops or businesses
“Free gifts are a good way of attracting custom.”
na (indywidualne ) zamówienie
custom
used before another word to mean ‘specially designed for a particular person or purpose’
“custom-built”,
“custom-designed”
potwierdzać
confirm
to say or show that something is true
“The report could not be confirmed independently.”,
“His wife confirmed that he’d left the house at 8.”
potwierdzać
confirm
to make an arrangement certain
“Flights should be confirmed 48 hours before departure.”
mieć bierzmowanie, zostać konfirmowanym
confirm
to become a member of the Christian Church at a special ceremony
zmartwiony
worried
anxious because you are thinking about problems or unpleasant things that might happen
“She’s really worried about her son.”,
“I’m worried that she’ll tell Maria.”
srebro
silver
a valuable, shiny, grey-white metal used to make coins and jewellery (symbol Ag)
“silver and gold”,
“a solid silver ring”
srebra
silver
objects made of silver
srebro
silver
a silver medal (= a small, round disc given to someone for finishing second in a race or competition)
srebrny
silver
made of silver
“a silver coin”,
“a silver necklace”
srebrny, srebrzysty
silver
being the colour of silver
“a silver sports car”,
“red, green, and silver Christmas decorations”
(język) angielski
English
the language that is spoken in the UK, the US, and in many other countries
“American/British English”,
“Do you speak English?”
Anglicy
English
the people of England
angielski, (języka ) angielskiego
English
relating to the English language
“an English teacher”
angielski
English
relating to England
“English law”
plamka, kropka
spot
a small, round mark that is a different colour to the surface it is on
“a blue shirt with white spots”,
“I noticed a small spot of oil on my jacket.”
pryszcz
spot
an unpleasant, small, red mark on your skin
“He suffered badly with spots as a teenager.”
miejsce
spot
a place
“We found a good spot to sit and have our picnic.”,
“The town is a popular tourist spot.”
odrobina czegoś
spot
a small amount of something
“a spot of lunch/shopping”
z miejsca na miejscu
spot
immediatelyin the place where something happens
“I accepted the job on the spot.”,
“The police were called and they were on the spot within three minutes.”
zauważać, spostrzegać
spot
to see or notice something or someone
“They were spotted together in London last week.”,
“She soon spotted the mistake.”
sięgać gdzieś , sprawdzać gdzieś
refer
to read something in order to get information
“Please refer to your owner’s manual for more information.”
dosyć
enough
as much as is necessary
“They had enough fuel for one week.”,
“Have you had enough to eat?”
dosyć
enough
as much as or more than you want
“I’ve got enough work at the moment, without being given any more.”
mieć dosyć
enough
to want something to stop because it is annoying you
“I’ve had enough of your excuses.”
dosyć tego
enough
used to tell someone to stop behaving badly
wystarczająco
enough
as much as is necessary
“Are you old enough to vote?”,
“You’re not going fast enough.”
dosyć, całkiem
enough
slightly, but not very
“He’s nice enough, but I don’t really want to go out with him.”
co ciekawe , dziwnym trafem
enough
although it may seem strange
“I was dreading the party, but I really enjoyed it, funnily enough.”
dobry, poprawny, słuszny
right
correct or true
“He only got half the answers right.”,
“You’re right about Alison - she’s incredible!”,
““You came here in 1979, didn’t you?” “That’s right.””
prawy
right
on or towards the side of your body that is to the east when you are facing north
“your right hand”,
“There’s a tree on the right side of the house.”
odpowiedni, właściwy
right
suitable or best in a particular situation
“I’m not sure she’s the right person for the job.”,
“Are we going in the right direction?”
słuszny
right
fair or morally acceptable
“It’s not right to criticize him behind his back.”
naprawiać coś
right
to solve a problem
prawdziwy, zupełny
right
used for emphasizing when something is bad
“His house is a right mess.”
akurat, dokładnie
right
exactly in a place or time
“He’s right here with me.”,
“I fell asleep right in the middle of her speech.”
dobrze, poprawnie
right
correctly
“Nothing was going right.”,
“He guessed right most of the time.”
w prawo
right
to the right side
“Turn right after the bridge.”
natychmiast/zaraz/zaraz potem
right
immediately
“Do you want to start right away?”,
“We’ll be able to meet them right after lunch.”
aż
right
all the way
“Did you read it right through to the end?”
dobra, dobrze
right
used at the beginning of a sentence to get someone’s attention or to show you have understood someone
“Right, whose turn is it to tidy up?”,
“Right, so Helen’s coming tomorrow and Trevor on Thursday.”
wielce, prze-
right
used in the UK as part of the title of some politicians and Christian officials
“Right Honourable/Reverend”
prawo
right
something that the law allows you to do
“the right to free speech”,
“the right to vote”
prawa strona
right
the right side of your body, or the direction towards this side
“You’ll find her in the second room on the right.”
dobro
right
morally correct behaviour
“I’ve tried to teach them the difference between right and wrong.”
mieć prawo/nie mieć prawa do czegoś lub robić coś/czegoś
right
to have, or not have, a good reason for something
“He has a right to be angry.”,
“She had no right to speak to me like that.”
prawica
right
political groups that support capitalism (= a system in which industries and companies are owned by people and not the government)
“The right campaigned against the president.”
wyprostować
right
to put something back in a vertical position, or to return to a vertical position
“The boat righted itself and I rowed us back to the shore.”
naprawiać zło
right
to do something good to make an unfair situation seem better
“How can we right the wrongs of the past?”
obracać (się)
spin
If something spins or you spin something, it turns around and around quickly.
“The car spun across the road.”
prząść
spin
to make thread by twisting together cotton, wool, etc
obrót, wirowanie
spin
the movement of something turning round very quickly
“The skater did a series of amazing spins and jumps.”
propaganda, interpretacja
spin
a clever way of expressing an idea to make it seem better than it really is, especially in politics
“This report puts a different spin on the issue.”
przejażdżka
spin
a short journey by car
“Why don’t you take it for a quick spin and see what you think?”
pocierać, trzeć
rub
to press your hand or a cloth on a surface and move it backwards and forwards
“She rubbed her hands together to warm them.”,
“He rubbed himself dry with a towel.”,
“Rub the stain with a damp cloth.”
wcierać coś
rub
to move a substance backwards and forwards over a surface so that it covers it and goes into it
“I rubbed some suntan oil on her back.”,
“Rub the butter into the flour.”
ocierać (o)
rub
to touch and move against something, often causing pain or damage
“My new boots are rubbing against my toes.”
masaż
rub
the action of rubbing something
“Give it a rub and it’ll feel better.”
pracować
works
to do a job, especially the job you do to earn money
“Helen works for a computer company.”,
“He works as a waiter in an Italian restaurant.”,
“My dad works very long hours (= he works a lot of hours).”
działać
works
If a machine or piece of equipment works, it is not broken.
“Does this radio work?”,
“The washing machine isn’t working.”
udać się
works
If something works, it is effective and successful.
“Her plan to get rid of me didn’t work.”
umieć coś obsługiwać
works
to know how to use a machine or piece of equipment
“Do you know how to work the dishwasher?”
pracować, zmuszać do pracy
works
to do something that needs a lot of time or effort, or to make someone do this
“He’s been working to improve his speed.”,
“Our teacher works us very hard.”
brnąć/posuwać się itp. przez coś
works
to achieve something gradually
“I have a pile of homework to work my way through.”
praca
works
the use of physical or mental effort to do something
“Decorating that room was hard work.”
praca
works
the place where you go to do your job
“He had an accident at work.”
praca
works
something you do as a job to earn money
“Has she got any work yet?”,
“Many young people are out of work (= they do not have a job).”
praca
works
the activities that you have to do at school, for your job, etc
“Have you got a lot of work to do?”,
“The teacher said she was pleased with my work.”
zabierać się do pracy lub do czegoś
works
to start doing something
dzieło
works
a painting, book, piece of music, etc
“The exhibition includes works by Picasso and Klee.”,
“the complete works of Shakespeare”
zachęta, bodziec
incentive
something that encourages you to act in a particular way
“People had little incentive to save.”,
“The government should provide incentives for young people to stay in school.”
człon-ek/kini
member
a person who belongs to a group or an organization
“family/staff members “,
“He was a member of the university rowing club.”
prawnik
lawyer
someone whose job is to understand the law and deal with legal situations
“I want to see my lawyer before I say anything else.”
ekologiczny, naturalny
organic
not using artificial chemicals when keeping animals or growing plants for food
“organic farming/farmers “,
“organic food/vegetables “
organiczny
organic
In chemistry, ‘organic’ describes chemicals that contain carbon.
“organic compounds”
organiczny
organic
from a living organism
“organic matter/material”
pisać
write
to produce words, letters, or numbers on a surface using a pen or pencil
“Write your name at the top of the page.”,
“She can’t read or write.”
pisać
write
to create a book, story, article, etc or a piece of music
“He’s writing a book on Russian literature.”,
“She writes for Time magazine.”
pisać
write
to send someone a letter
“I wrote her a letter last week.”,
“Has Bill written to you recently?”
wypisać
write
to put all the information that is needed on a document
“He wrote out a cheque for £250.”
zabój-ca/czyni
killer
someone who kills, or a disease, substance, or animal that kills
“Cancer and heart disease are the UK’s biggest killers.”
rozstrzygnięcie
settlement
an official agreement that finishes an argument
“a peace settlement “
osiedle, osada
settlement
a town or village that people built to live in after arriving from somewhere else
“a Jewish settlement”
środowisko naturalne
habitat
the natural environment of an animal or plant
wolny, powolny
slow
moving, happening, or doing something without much speed
“I’m making slow progress with the painting.”,
“He’s a very slow reader.”
ociągać się z czymś
slow
to take a long time to do something
“The government has been slow to react to the problem.”,
“The ambulance was very slow in coming.”
≈ spóźniać się
slow
If a clock is slow, it shows a time that is earlier than the correct time.
słaby, niemrawy
slow
If business is slow, there are few customers.
tępy
slow
not quick at learning and understanding things
nudnawy
slow
not exciting
“I find his films very slow.”
zwalniać, spowalniać
slow
to become slower or to make something become slower
“The car slowed to a halt (= moved more and more slowly until it stopped).”
serce
heart
the organ inside your chest that sends blood around your body
“Isabel’s heart was beating fast.”,
“heart disease/failure “
serce
heart
the centre of something
“Her office is in the heart of Tokyo.”
sedno lub środek czegoś
heart
the most important part of something
“We need to get to the heart of the matter.”
serce, dusza
heart
someone’s deepest feelings and true character
“She has a kind heart.”
serce
heart
a shape that is used to mean love
kiery, kier
heart
playing cards with red, heart shapes on them
w głębi duszy lub serca
heart
used to say what someone is really like
“I’m just a kid at heart.”
w głębi duszy lub serca
heart
used to say what you really think
“In his heart he felt they were wrong.”
całym sercem
heart
used to say that you feel something very strongly
“I thank you with all my heart.”
nie mieć serca coś zrobić
heart
to decide not to do something that would make someone unhappy
uczyć się czegoś /znać coś itp. na pamięć
heart
to be able to remember all of something
nie-
in
not
“inaccurate”,
“insensitive”
w, do
in
inside or towards the inside of a container, place, or area
“There’s milk in the fridge.”,
“a shop in Cambridge”,
“He put his hand in his pocket.”
w
in
during part or all of a period of time
“We’re going to Italy in April.”,
“I started working here in 2003.”,
“The guinea pig lives inside in the winter.”
w, za
in
needing or using no more than a particular amount of time
“They managed to complete the work in two weeks.”,
“I’ll be ready in a few minutes.”
w, na
in
part of something
“Who’s the woman in the painting?”,
“There are a few spelling mistakes in your essay.”
w
in
involved in a particular kind of job
“a career in publishing/politics”
w, z
in
connected with a particular subject
“a degree in philosophy”,
“advances in medical science”
w
in
wearing
“Do you know that man in the grey suit?”
w, po, na
in
expressed or written in a particular way
“Complete the form in black ink.”,
“She spoke to him in Russian.”
w
in
arranged in a particular way
“We sat down in a circle.”,
“Is this list in alphabetical order?”
w
in
experiencing an emotion or condition
“We watched in horror as a body was pulled from the wreckage.”,
“She’s in a bad mood this morning.”,
“The kitchen’s in a terrible state.”
w sumie
in
used to show the total amount of something
“Some of the children came, so there were 15 of us in all.”
do środka , do wewnątrz
in
into an area or space from the outside of it
“He rushed in halfway through the meeting.”,
“Annie opened the car door and threw her luggage in.”
w domu , w pracy , na miejscu
in
at the place where a person usually lives or works
“I called her, but she wasn’t in.”,
“Could you ask him to phone me when he gets in?”
na miejsc-e/u
in
If a train, plane, etc is in, it has arrived at the place it was going to.
“My train gets in at 17.54.”
nadesłany, złożony
in
given or sent to someone official in order to be read
“Applications must be in by 28th February.”
do lądu
in
used when the sea or a ship moves close to land
“Let’s go - the tide is coming in.”
musieć się przygotować na coś , ≈ coś kogoś czeka
in
If someone is in for a surprise, treat, shock, etc, it will happen to them soon.
“If he thinks looking after a baby is easy, he’s in for a shock.”
wiedzieć o czymś , być w coś wtajemniczonym
in
If you are in on something, you know about it or are involved in it.
“Were you in on the surprise?”,
“Please let me in on (= tell me) the secret.”
zagrywający
in
In cricket and similar sports, if a person or team is in, they are taking a turn to play.
mieć za swoje
in
to be in trouble
w modzie
in
fashionable or popular
“Luigi’s Bar is the in place to go.”,
“Pink is in this season.”
cal
in
written abbreviation for inch (= a unit for measuring length)
wstrząs, szok
shock
a big, unpleasant surprise
“We got a nasty shock when he gave us the bill.”,
“Her death came as a terrible shock to him.”,
“They are still in shock (= feeling the effect of a shock) from the accident.”
wstrząs
shock
a medical condition when someone is extremely weak because of damage to their body
“He went into shock and nearly died.”
porażenie (prądem )
shock
a sudden, painful feeling that you get when electricity flows through your body
wstrząs
shock
a sudden movement caused by an explosion, accident, etc
szokować, wstrząsnąć
shock
to surprise and upset someone
“Many people were shocked by the violent scenes in the film.”
niezwykle, wyjątkowo
extremely
very, or much more than usual
“extremely beautiful”,
“We all studied extremely hard for the exam.”
łamać, naruszać, gwałcić
violation
to not obey a law, rule, or agreement
“Countries that violate international law will be dealt with severely.”
łamać
violation
to not allow someone something that they should morally be allowed to have
“They were accused of violating human rights.”
trochę, kilka, parę
some
used to refer to an amount of something without saying exactly how much or how many
“You’ll need a pair of scissors and some glue.”,
“I can’t eat all this chocolate, would you like some?”,
“Could I have some more (= an extra amount of) paper, please?”
niektórzy, niektóre
some
used to refer to part of a larger amount or number of something and not all of it
“In some cases it’s possible to fix the problem right away.”,
“Some of the children were frightened.”
jakiś
some
used to refer to someone or something when you do not know the name of it or exact details about it
“Some girl phoned for you, but she didn’t leave a message.”
jakiś czas/pewna odległość itp.
some
a large amount of time, distance, etc
“I’m afraid it’ll be some time before it’s ready.”
jakieś
some
used before a number to show that it is not the exact amount
“He died some ten years ago.”
zajęcie
activity
something that you do for enjoyment, especially an organized event
“The centre offers a range of activities, such as cycling, swimming, and tennis.”
działalność, działanie
activity
the work of a group or organization to achieve an aim
“criminal/terrorist activities “
poruszenie, zamieszanie
activity
a situation in which a lot of things are happening or people are moving around
“There was a sudden flurry of activity (= short period of activity) at the back of the hall.”
aktorka
actress
a woman whose job is to perform in plays and films
wstąpić do
join
to become a member of a group or organization
“He joined the army when he was eighteen.”
przyłączyć się do
join
to do something or go somewhere with someone
“Would you like to join us for dinner?”
połączyć
join
to fasten or connect things together
“Join the ends together with strong glue.”,
“A suspension bridge joins the two islands.”
łączyć (się)
join
to meet at a particular point
“The Mississippi River and the Missouri join near St Louis.”
stanąć w kolejce
join
to go and stand at the end of a row of people waiting for something
połączenie
join
the place where two or more things are fastened together
czy, lub, albo
or
used between possibilities, or before the last in a list of possibilities
“Would you like toast or cereal?”,
“Is that a boy or a girl?”,
“You can have beer, wine, or mineral water.”,
“The house will take two or three years to complete.”
a przynajmniej, w każdym razie
or
used to change or correct something you have said
“We told the truth, or most of it.”
w przeciwnym razie , inaczej
or
used to give a reason for something you have said
“She must love him or she wouldn’t have stayed with him all these years.”
ani
or
used after a negative verb between a list of things to mean not any of those things or people
“Tim doesn’t eat meat or fish.”,
“She doesn’t have a telephone or a fax machine.”
ją, jej
her
used after a verb or preposition to refer to someone female who has already been talked about
“Where’s Kath - have you seen her?”
Zaimek she/her bywa też używany zamiast it/its w odniesieniu do państw i statków
her
used to refer to a country or ship
“God bless HMS Victoria and all who sail in her.”
jej, swój
her
belonging to or relating to someone female who has already been talked about
“That’s her house on the corner.”,
“It’s not her fault.”
aprobata
approval
an opinion that something or someone is good or right
“I don’t need his approval.”
zgoda
approval
official permission
“The project has now received approval from the government.”
złamać (się), stłuc (się)
break
to separate into two or more pieces, or to make something separate into two or more pieces
“The vase fell on the floor and broke.”,
“They had to break a window to get in.”
złamać rękę /nogę itp.
break
to damage a bone in your arm/leg, etc
“Carolyn broke her leg in a skiing accident.”,
“She fell off her bike and broke her arm.”
zepsuć (się)
break
If you break a machine, object, etc, or if it breaks, it stops working because it is damaged.
“Who broke the video?”
złamać umowę /słowo/zasadę itp.
break
to not do what you should do according to an agreement/promise/rule, etc
“Police stopped him for breaking the speed limit.”
naruszyć prawo
break
to do something illegal
powiedzieć komuś , zawiadomić kogoś
break
to tell someone about something unpleasant that has happened
“Who’s going to break the news to his wife?”
przerywać ciszę
break
to make a noise, speak, etc and end a period of silence
“The silence was broken by a sudden knock at the door.”
zmienić zwyczaj
break
to stop doing something that you usually do
pobić rekord
break
to do something faster, better, etc than anyone else
“He broke the world record for the 200m.”
odpoczywać, przerywać
break
to stop the activity you are doing to have a short rest
“Let’s break for five minutes and have a drink.”
wychodzić na jaw, ujawniać
break
If news or a story breaks, or if someone breaks it, it becomes known by the public for the first time.
załamać się
break
If the weather breaks, it changes suddenly, and usually becomes worse.
≈ przechodzić mutację
break
When a boy’s voice breaks, it becomes deeper and sounds like a man’s voice.
załamywać się
break
When a wave breaks, it reaches its highest point as it moves towards the land, and then becomes flat and white.
rozpętać się
break
If a storm breaks, it starts suddenly.
wyjść na czysto lub zero
break
to not make money but also not lose money
“The company only managed to break even this year.”
uwolnić się
break
to suddenly escape or become separate from something
“The prisoner broke free while the guards weren’t looking.”
świta
break
When dawn (= early morning)/day breaks, the sky becomes lighter because the sun is rising.
“Dawn was breaking and the birds were singing.”
przerwa
break
a pause in an activity, usually to rest or to eat
“a coffee/tea break “,
“Take a break and come back after lunch.”
przerwa, wypad
break
a holiday or period of time away from work, school, etc
“the spring break”,
“a weekend break to Paris”
szansa
break
a lucky opportunity
“His big break came when he was offered a part in a TV series.”,
“Meeting Tom was my lucky break.”
złamanie
break
a place where something has separated in an accident
“a break in the bone”
zerwanie z czymś
break
the end of a relationship, connection, or way of doing something
“a break with tradition”
przyznawać
acknowledge
to accept that something is true or exists
“He acknowledged that there was a problem.”
potwierdzać
acknowledge
to tell someone, usually in a letter, that you have received something they sent you
“Send a letter acknowledging receipt of his application.”
zauważać, zwracać uwagę na
acknowledge
to let someone know that you have seen them, usually by saying hello
“She didn’t even acknowledge my presence.”
priorytet
priority
something that is very important and that must be dealt with before other things
“My first/top priority is to find somewhere to live.”
dawać priorytet lub pierwszeństwo czemuś
priority
to consider that something is more important than other things and deal with it first
mieć priorytet lub pierwszeństwo (nad czymś ), być nadrzędnym (w stosunku do czegoś )
priority
to be more important than other things and to be dealt with first
“His job seems to take priority over everything else.”
cichnąć, wyciszać, płowieć, powodować płowienie
fade
If a colour or a sound fades, or if something fades it, it becomes less bright or strong.
“The music began to fade.”,
“The walls had been faded by the sun.”
zanikać, gasnąć
fade
to slowly disappear, lose importance, or become weaker
“With time, memories of that painful summer would fade away.”
-
defense
US spelling of defence
instytucja
institution
a large and important organization, such as a university or bank
“one of the country’s top medical institutions”
instytucja
institution
a building where people are sent so they can be looked after, for example a prison or hospital
instytucja
institution
a custom that has existed for a long time
“the institution of marriage”
największy
ultimate
better, worse, or greater than all similar things
“Climbing Mount Everest is the ultimate challenge.”,
“the ultimate insult”
ostateczny
ultimate
final or most important
“the ultimate aim/solution”
szczyt czegoś
ultimate
the best or greatest example of something
“It describes the hotel as ‘the ultimate in luxury’.”
czasopismo
journal
a magazine containing articles about a particular subject
“a medical journal”
dziennik
journal
a book in which you regularly write about what has happened to you
rejestr
journal
a book in which financial records of different types are kept
twój, wasz, swój
your
belonging or relating to the person or people you are talking to
“Can I borrow your pen?”,
“It’s not your fault.”
swój
your
belonging or relating to people in general
“You never stop loving your children.”
taśma, kaseta
tape
a long, thin piece of plastic that is used to store sound, pictures, or information, or a plastic box containing it
“Can you turn the tape over?”,
“I’ve got the match on tape.”
taśma klejąca
tape
a thin piece of plastic that has glue on one side and is used for sticking things together
“adhesive/sticky tape “
tasiemka
tape
a long, thin piece of material used, for example, in sewing or to tie things together
nagrywać
tape
to record something onto tape
“Their conversations were taped by the police.”
przyklejać coś do/na itp.
tape
to stick something somewhere using tape
“There was a message taped to the door.”
przeciw, contra
versus
used to say that one team or person is competing against another
“It’s Arsenal versus Barcelona in the final.”
w porównaniu z
versus
used to compare two things or ideas, especially when you have to choose between them
“private education versus state education”
wynik
outcome
the final result of an activity or process
“the outcome of an election”
nielegalny
illegal
not allowed by law
“illegal drugs/weapons “,
“It is illegal to sell cigarettes to anyone under 16.”
czasem, czasami
sometimes
on some occasions but not always or often
“He does cook sometimes, but not very often.”,
“Sometimes I feel like no one understands me.”
budować
construct
to build something from several parts
“The building was constructed in 1930.”
najwyraźniej
apparently
used to say that you have read or been told something although you are not certain it is true
“Apparently it’s going to rain today.”
pozornie
apparently
used to say that something seems to be true, although it is not certain
“There were two apparently unrelated deaths.”
rosnąć
grow
to develop and become bigger or taller as time passes
“Children grow very quickly.”
rosnąć, hodować, uprawiać
grow
If a plant grows, or you grow it, it develops from a seed to a full plant.
“These shrubs grow well in sandy soil.”
rosnąć
grow
to increase
“The number of people living alone grows each year.”
zmęczyć się/postarzeć się/uspokoić się itp.
grow
to gradually become tired/old/calm, etc
“He grew bored of the countryside.”,
“The music grew louder and louder.”
rosnąć, zapuszczać
grow
If your hair or nails grow, or if you grow them, they get longer.
“Mandy wants to grow her hair long.”
być obecnym
present
to be in a particular place
“The whole family was present.”
obecny, aktualny, bieżący
present
happening or existing now
“the present situation”,
“What is your present occupation?”
czas teraźniejszy
present
the form of the verb that is used to show what happens or exists now
teraźniejszośćczas teraźniejszy
present
the period of time that is happening nowthe form of the verb which is used to show what happens or exists now
“Let’s talk about the present.”,
“The play is set in the present.”
prezent, upominek
present
something that you give to someone, usually for a particular occasion
“a birthday/wedding present “,
“to give someone a present “,
“Did you get many presents?”
obecnie, teraz
present
now
“At present she’s working abroad.”
wręczać, ofiarować
present
to give something to someone, often at a formal ceremony
“to present a prize “,
“They presented her with a bouquet.”
składać
present
to give people information in a formal way
“He presented the report to his colleagues.”
stanowić lub stwarzać zagrożenie/problem itp.
present
to cause a danger/threat/problem, etc
“The final exam may present some problems.”
prowadzić
present
to introduce a television or radio programme
“He presents a weekly sports quiz.”
przedstawiać, pokazywać, wystawiać
present
to show a new play or film
“The school is presenting ‘West Side Story’ this term.”
przedstawiać
present
to introduce someone formally
“May I present my daughters?”
pojawiać się
present
If an opportunity presents itself, it becomes possible.
“I’d be happy to go to New York, if the opportunity presented itself.”
stanowić
represent
to be equal to something
“In practice the figure represents a 10% pay cut.”,
“The cancellation of the new road project represents a victory for protesters.”
reprezentować
represent
to officially speak or do something for someone else because they have asked you to
“The union represents over 200 employees.”
reprezentować
represent
to be the person from a country, school, etc that is in a competition
przedstawiać, symbolizować, oznaczać
represent
to be a sign or symbol of something
“The crosses on the map represent churches.”
przedstawiać
represent
to show someone or something in a particular way
aktywist-a/ka
activist
someone who tries to cause social or political change
“a political activist “
los
fate
what happens to someone, especially when it is something bad
“His fate is now in the hands of the jury.”
przeznaczenie, los
fate
a power that some people believe decides what will happen
“I believe it was fate that caused us to meet again.”
statek
ship
a large boat that carries people or goods by sea
“a cruise ship”,
“a cargo ship”
wysyłać, przewozić
ship
to send something from one place to another
“These vegetables have been shipped halfway around the world.”
rozrywka
entertainment
shows, films, television, or other performances or activities that entertain people
“popular entertainment “,
“There is live entertainment in the bar every night.”
rodzic
parent
your mother or father
“Her parents live in Oxford.”
wchodzić w posiadanie
acquire
to get something
“I managed to acquire a copy of the report.”,
“His family acquired (= bought) the property in 1985.”
nabywać, posiąść, przyswajać sobie
acquire
to learn something
“to acquire knowledge/skills “
brama, furtka
gate
the part of a fence or outside wall that opens and closes like a door
“Please shut the gate.”
wyjście
gate
the part of an airport where passengers get on or off an aircraft
“The flight to Dublin is now boarding at gate 8.”
biedny, ubogi
poor
having very little money or few possessions
“Most of these people are desperately poor.”,
“Modern fertilizers are too expensive for poorer countries to afford.”,
“housing for the poor”
słaby
poor
of very low quality
“poor health”,
“Last year’s exam results were poor.”,
“a poor harvest”,
“The meeting went smoothly but attendance was poor (= not many people came).”
słaby
poor
not having much skill at a particular activity
“She’s always been poor at spelling.”,
“Sam’s a poor swimmer.”
biedny
poor
used to show sympathy for someone
“That cold sounds terrible, you poor thing.”
być ubogim w coś
poor
If something is poor in a particular substance, it has very little of the substance.
“Avoid foods which are high in calories but poor in nutrients.”
pomagać
help
to make it easier for someone to do something
“Thank you for helping.”,
“Shall I help you to set the table?”,
“Dad always helps me with my homework.”
pomagać
help
to make something easier or better
“When you’re nervous or frightened, it helps to breathe slowly and deeply.”,
“The signals help aircraft pilots to navigate safely.”
nie móc się powstrzymać przed czymś , nie móc nic poradzić na coś
help
to be unable to stop yourself doing something or to stop something happening
“I couldn’t help thinking about what had happened.”,
“He couldn’t help it, he slipped.”
poczęstować się ( czymś )
help
to take something, especially food or drink, without asking
“Please help yourself to some coffee.”
pomoc
help
the things someone does to help another person
“I was too embarrassed to ask for help.”,
“Do you want any help?”
pomoc
help
something or someone that helps
“Dave has been a great help to me.”
z lub za pomocą czegoś
help
using something
“We assembled the computer with the help of the manual.”
na pomoc!
help
something that you shout when you are in danger
“Help! I’m drowning!”
sklep spożywczy
grocery
a shop that sells food and products used in the home
ogłaszać, oświadczać
announce
to tell people about something officially or with force or confidence
“The company has announced plans to open six new stores.”,
“Halfway through dinner, he announced that he was going out.”
