Deck 7 Flashcards
reakcja
reaction
something you say, feel, or do because of something that has happened
“What was his reaction to the news?”
refleks
reaction
the ability to move quickly when something suddenly happens
“Drivers need to have quick reactions.”
odwrót, bunt
reaction
a change in the way people behave or think because they do not agree with the way people behaved or thought in the past
“In art, there was a reaction against Realism.”
reakcja
reaction
an unpleasant feeling or illness caused by something you have eaten or used on your body
“A number of people have had a bad reaction to this drug.”
reakcja
reaction
a change that happens when two substances are put together
“a chemical reaction “
azjatycki
Asian
relating or belonging to Asia
“Asian culture”
studium
college
a place where students are educated when they are between 16 and 18 years old, or after they have finished school
“a sixth-form college”,
“a teacher-training college”
studia, uniwersytet
college
a place where students, between 18 and 22 years old, are educated and receive a bachelor’s degree (= type of qualification)
kolegium
college
a part of a university that has its own teachers and students
“Cambridge/Oxford colleges”
elektryczność
electricity
a type of energy that can produce light and heat, or make machines work
“The electricity has been turned off.”,
“an electricity bill”
zaleta
virtue
an advantage or useful quality
“The great virtue of having a small car is that you can park it easily.”
zaleta, cnota
virtue
a good quality that someone has
“Patience is not among his virtues.”
cnotliwość, cnota
virtue
behaviour that is morally good
dzięki czemuś
virtue
because of something
“She succeeded by virtue of hard work rather than talent.”
pomidor
tomato
a soft, round, red fruit eaten in salad or as a vegetable
normalnie, na ogół
normally
usually
“Normally, I start work around nine o’clock.”
normalnie
normally
in the ordinary way that you would expect
“Both lungs are now functioning normally.”
okrągły
round
in the shape of a circle or ball
“a round table/window”,
“round eyes”,
“a round face”
zaokrąglone lub okrągłe liczby
round
numbers given to the nearest 10, 100, 1000, etc and not as the exact amounts
dookoła, wokół
round
on all sides of something
“We sat round the table.”,
“She had a scarf round her neck.”
za siebie, do tyłu , z powrotem , o 180 stopni
round
to the opposite direction
“She looked round.”,
“Turn the car round and let’s go home.”
po
round
to or in different parts of a place
“He showed me round the flat.”
po, dookoła
round
from one place or person to another
“He went round the room asking people individually.”,
“Could you pass these forms round, please?”
tu
round
to someone’s home
“Wendy’s coming round this afternoon.”
blisko
round
near an area
“Do you live round here?”
około
round
at approximately a time or approximately an amount
“We’ll be there round about 10 o’clock.”
w kółko
round
moving in a circle without stopping
“We drove round and round trying to find the hotel.”
pierwsza /druga /trzecia itp. runda
round
a part of a competition
“He was beaten in the first round.”
runda, seria
round
a group of events that is part of a series
“a round of interviews “,
“a new round of talks between the two countries”
obchód, trasa
round
regular visits to a group of people or houses to give them something or to see them
“a milk/newspaper round”
kolejka
round
drinks that you buy for a group of people
“It’s your turn to buy the next round.”
owacja
round
If something gets a round of applause, people clap their hands to show their approval or enjoyment.
“The crowd gave him a huge round of applause.”
nabój, seria
round
a bullet or a set of bullets to be fired at one time from a gun
runda golfa
round
a game of golf
okrążać, skręcić za, brać
round
to go around something
“Theyrounded the corner at high speed.”
dusza
soul
the part of a person that is not their body, which some people believe continues to exist after they die
(muzyka) soul
soul
popular music that expresses deep feelings, originally performed by African-Americans
żywa dusza
soul
a person
“I didn’t see a soul when I went out.”
odpowiedzialność
responsibility
something that it is your job or duty to deal with
“The head of the department has various additional responsibilities.”,
“It is your responsibility to make sure that your homework is done on time.”
przyjmować odpowiedzialność za coś
responsibility
to say that you have done something or caused something to happen, especially something bad
“No one has yet claimed responsibility for yesterday’s bomb attack.”
pękać, rozdzierać (się)
split
If something splits or if you split it, it tears so that there is a long, thin hole in it.
“He split his trousers when he bent over.”,
“Her shoes were splitting apart at the sides.”
dzielić (się)
split
to divide into smaller parts or groups, or to divide something into smaller parts or groups
“The children split up into three groups.”
dzielić
split
to share something by dividing it into smaller parts
“The cost of the wedding will be split between the two families.”
dzielić (się)
split
If a group of people splits, or something splits them, they disagree and form smaller groups.
“This issue could split the Conservative Party.”,
“The government was split on the issue of hunting.”
pęknięcie
split
a long, thin hole in something where it has broken apart
“There’s a split in my trousers.”
rozłam
split
the division of a group of people into smaller groups because they disagree about something
“This issue is likely to cause a major split in the party.”
rozstanie
split
the end of a marriage or relationship
“Very few of their friends were surprised when they announced their split last week.”
ułamek sekundy
split
a very short period of time
“It was all over in a split second.”,
“a split second decision “
utłuc (się), stłuc (się), pękać
crack
to break something so that it does not separate, but very thin lines appear on its surface, or to become broken in this way
“Linda cracked her tooth when she fell.”,
“The concrete had started to crack.”,
“cracked dishes”
rozbijać, rozłupywać
crack
to open an egg or nut by breaking its shell
walnąć
crack
to hit a part of your body against something hard, by accident
“He cracked his head on the shelf.”
złamać, rozgryźć
crack
to solve a difficult problem
“It took three months to crack the enemy’s code.”
ruszyć się, zabierać się do roboty
crack
to start doing something quickly
“Let’s get cracking! We’ve only got two days to finish.”
załamać się
crack
to lose control of your emotions and be unable to deal with a situation
“He finally cracked after years of stress.”
trzaskać
crack
to make a sudden, short noise, or to make something make this noise
opowiedzieć dowcip
crack
to tell a joke
pęknięcie, rysa
crack
a line on the surface of something that is damaged
“Several cups had cracks in them.”
szpara
crack
a narrow space between two parts of something or between two things
“I could see sunlight through a crack in the curtains.”
crack
crack
an illegal drug that is very harmful
trzask
crack
a sudden, short noise
“a crack of thunder “
przytyk
crack
an unkind joke or remark
“He was always making cracks about my weight.”
spróbować (swoich) sił w czymś
crack
to try to do something
“I’ve never put up shelves before, but I’ll have a crack at it.”
doborowy, elitarny
crack
of the highest quality
“a crack regiment”
mecz
match
a sports competition in which two people or teams compete against each other
“a football/tennis match”
zapałka
match
a thin, wooden stick that produces a flame when you rub one end of it against a rough surface
“a box of matches”
komplet
match
If something is a good match for something else, it looks attractive next to it, usually because it is the right colour.
“The curtains look nice - they’re a perfect match for the sofa.”
para
match
If two people who are having a relationship are a good match, they are very suitable for each other.
nie dorównywać komuś/czemuś
match
to not be as good as someone or something else
“Gibson ran well but was no match for the young Italian.”
pasować do (siebie)
match
If two things match, they are the same colour or type.
“I can’t find anything to match my green shirt.”,
“Your socks don’t match.”,
“Traces of blood found on Walker’s clothing matched the victim’s blood type.”
dopasować
match
to choose someone or something that is suitable for a particular person, activity, or purpose
“In the first exercise, you have to match the famous person to their country of origin.”
dorównać
match
to be as good as someone or something else
“It would be difficult to match the service this airline gives to its customers.”
prezent, upominek
gift
something that you give to someone, usually for a particular occasion
“a birthday/wedding gift”
dar
gift
a natural ability or skill
“She has a gift for design.”
tunel
tunnel
a long passage under the ground or through a mountain
“The train went into the tunnel.”
przekopywać lub kopać (tunel)
tunnel
to dig a tunnel
budżet
budget
a plan that shows how much money you have and how you will spend it
budżet
budget
the amount of money you have for something
“an annual budget of 30 million euros”
budżet
budget
in the UK, an occasion when the government officially tells the public about its plans for taxes and spending
przewidywać, planować
budget
to plan how much money you will spend on something
“An extra £20 million has been budgeted for schools this year.”
tani hotel/niska cena itp. , hotel/cena itp. na każdą kieszeń
budget
a very cheap hotel, price, etc
prowadząc-y/a dochodzenie
investigator
someone who tries to discover all the facts about something, especially as their job
gniew, złość
anger
a strong feeling against someone who has behaved badly, making you want to shout at them or hurt them
“public anger at the terrorist killings”,
“anger at/over sth”,
“He never once raised his voice in anger.”
rozgniewać, złościć
anger
to make someone angry
“Students were angered by the college’s decision.”
pozostały
remaining
continuing to exist when everything or everyone else has gone or been dealt with
“Mix in half the butter and keep the remaining 50g for later.”
narzędzie
instrument
a tool that is used for doing something
“scientific instruments”
instrument
instrument
an object that is used for playing music, for example a piano or drum
przyrząd
instrument
a piece of equipment that is used for measuring speed, light, fuel level, etc
narzędzie
instrument
someone or something that is used for achieving something
“The Internet is a very powerful instrument of communication.”
zakrywać, nakrywać
cover
to put something over something else, in order to protect or hide it
“They covered him with a blanket.”,
“He covered his face with his hands.”
pokrywać
cover
to form a layer on the surface of something
“Snow covered the trees.”,
“My legs were covered in/with mud.”
przebyć
cover
to travel a particular distance
“We covered 700 kilometres in four days.”
zajmować
cover
to be a particular size or area
“The town covers an area of 10 square miles.”
obejmować
cover
to include or deal with a subject or piece of information
“The book covers European history from 1789-1914.”
obsługiwać
cover
to report on an event for a newspaper, television programme, etc
“Dave was asked to cover the Olympics.”
pokrywać
cover
to be enough money to pay for something
“100 euros should cover the cost of the repairs.”
pokrywać, obejmować
cover
to provide financial protection if something bad happens
“You need travel insurance that covers accident and injury.”
okładka
cover
the outer part of a book, magazine, etc, that protects the pages
“Her picture was on the cover of ‘Vogue’ magazine.”
pokrowiec, osłona
cover
something you put over something else, usually to protect it
“an ironing board cover”,
“a lens cover”
ubezpieczenie
cover
financial protection so that you get money if something bad happens
“The policy provides £50,000 accidental damage cover.”
schronienie
cover
protection from bad weather or an attack
“They took cover under some trees until the rain stopped.”
przykrywka
cover
something used to hide a secret or illegal activity
“The club is used as a cover for a gang of car thieves.”
oprogramowanie, programy, software
software
programs that you use to make a computer do different things
“educational software”
rozmowa kwalifikacyjna , przesłuchanie
interview
a meeting in which someone asks you questions to see if you are suitable for a job or course
“I had an interview last week for a job in London.”
wywiad
interview
a meeting in which someone is asked questions for a newspaper article, television show, etc
“an exclusive interview with Madonna”
przesłuchanie
interview
a meeting in which the police ask someone questions to see if they have committed a crime
przesłuchiwać, odbywać rozmowę lub rozmowy z
interview
to ask someone questions in an interview
“Police are interviewing a 43-year-old man in connection with the murder.”,
“So far we’ve interviewed five applicants for the Managing Director’s job.”
masa
mass
a solid lump with no clear shape
“The sauce was now a sticky mass in the bottom of the pan.”
masa czegoś , gąszcz czegoś
mass
a large amount or number of something
“The garden was a mass of flowers.”,
“She had a mass of blond curls.”
masa
mass
in physics, the amount of substance that something contains
“One litre of water has a mass of one kilogram.”
całe stosy
mass
a large amount or number of something
“I’ve got masses of work to do.”,
“Take some of our paper - we’ve got masses.”
masy
mass
the ordinary people who form the largest part of society
“He failed to win the support of the masses.”
masowy
mass
involving a lot of people
“mass destruction/unemployment “,
“a mass murderer “
gromadzić (się)
mass
to come together somewhere in large numbers, or make people or things do this
“Over 20,000 demonstrators massed in the town’s main square.”
jeżeli nie, chyba że
unless
except if
“I won’t call you unless there are any problems.”
dobudówka
extension
a new room or rooms that are added to a building
“You could build an extension onto the back of the house.”
przedłużenie
extension
extra time that you are given to do or use something
“You might be able to get an extension on your visa.”
(numer) wewnętrzny
extension
a telephone that is connected to the main telephone in an office or other large building
“Call me on extension 213.”
islamski
Islamic
related to Islam
“Islamic art”,
“an Islamic country”
najmniej
least
less than anyone or anything else
“Which car costs least?”,
“I chose the least expensive dish on the menu.”,
“No one, least of all (= especially not) James, is going to be angry with you.”
co najmniejprzynajmniejprzynajmniej, chociażprzynajmniej
least
as much as, or more than, a number or amountsomething that you say when you are telling someone about an advantage in a bad situationused to say that someone should give a small amount of help although they do not intend to give a lotsomething that you say in order to correct something you said that was wrong
“You’ll have to wait at least an hour.”,
“It’s a small house but at least there’s a garden.”,
“Even if you didn’t want to send a present, you could at least have sent a card.”,
“I’ve seen that film. At least, I saw the beginning then I fell asleep.”
zwłaszcza, szczególnie
least
especially
“The whole trip was fascinating, not least because of the people I met.”
wcale, ani trochę
least
not at all
“I don’t mind staying at home, not in the least.”
najmniej, najmniejszy
least
the smallest amount
“She earns the least money of all of us.”,
“Jake had more experience than anyone else and I probably had the least.”
delikatnie mówiąc
least
used to emphasize that you could have said something in a much stronger way
“We were surprised, to say the least.”
pochylać się/przechylać coś do tyłu /przodu /wychylać się itp.
lean
to move the top part of your body in a particular direction
“She leaned forward and whispered in my ear.”,
“He was leaning out of the window.”,
“Lean your head back a bit.”
szczupły
lean
thin and healthy
“lean and fit”
chudy
lean
Lean meat has very little fat on it.
aborcja, przerywanie ciąży
abortion
a medical operation to end a pregnancy when the baby is still too small to live
“She had an abortion.”
senator
senator
someone who has been elected to the Senate
“Senator Moynihan”
mnóstwo, pełno
lots
a large number or amount of people or things
“There were a lot of people outside the building.”,
“He earns lots of money.”,
“I’ve got a lot to do this morning.”
znacznie lepszy/starszy/szybszy itp.
lots
much better/older/quicker, etc
“It’s a lot better than the old system.”,
“It’s a lot quicker by train.”
wszystko, wszyscy
lots
all of an amount or number
“I made enough curry for three people and he ate the lot.”,
“I’m sick of the lot of them.”
partia, grupa
lots
a group of people or things that you deal with together
“I’ve already done one lot of washing.”,
“I’ll recycle the next lot of newspaper.”
teren, działka
lots
an area of land
“a parking lot”,
“an empty lot”
pozycja (katalogowa )
lots
something being sold at an auction (= sale where things are sold to the people who pay the most)
“Lot 3: a Victorian chest.”
czyjś los
lots
the quality of someone’s life and the type of experiences they have
“They’ve done much to improve the lot of working people.”
pokład, piętro
deck
one of the floors of a ship, bus, or aircraft
“The children like to sit on the top deck of the bus.”
na pokładzie
deck
on the top floor of a ship that is not covered
talia
deck
a collection of cards that you use to play a game
deck
deck
a machine that you use to play records or tapes (= plastic cases containing magnetic material used to record sounds)
“a tape deck”
mundur, mundurek, uniform
uniform
a special set of clothes that are worn by people who do a particular job or people who go to a particular school
“a school uniform “,
“a nurse’s uniform”,
“Tom looks completely different in uniform (= wearing a uniform).”
jednakowy, jednolity
uniform
being the same size, shape, amount, etc
“a row of houses of uniform height”
oryginalny
original
special and interesting because of not being the same as others
“Her essay was full of original ideas.”,
“He’s a highly original thinker.”
oryginalny, pierwotny
original
existing since the beginning, or being the earliest form of something
“His original plan was to stay for a week, but he ended up staying for a month.”,
“Do you still have the original version of this document?”
oryginał
original
something that is in the form in which it was first created and has not been copied or changed
“The latest version of the software is much more reliable than the original.”,
“If the painting were an original, it would be very valuable.”
całkowicie, w pełni
entirely
completely
“I’m not entirely convinced that it will work.”
nastrój
mood
the way someone feels at a particular time
“to be in a good/bad mood “,
“What sort of mood is he in today?”,
“The public mood changed dramatically after the bombing.”
mieć zły humor
mood
to not be friendly to other people because you are feeling angry
“Ignore him - he’s in a mood.”
być w (dobrym ) nastroju na coś lub do czegoś
mood
to want to do or have something
“I’m not really in the mood for shopping at the moment.”
nie być w nastroju na coś lub do czegoś
mood
to not want to do something with someone else, often because you are angry with them
tryb
mood
in grammar, one of the different ways a sentence is being used, for example to give an order, express a fact, etc
“the indicative/imperative mood”
rejestr, spis
register
an official list of names
“a register of approved builders”,
“the electoral register “
rejestr
register
the style of language, grammar, and words used in particular situations
“a formal/informal register”
zarejestrować (się), zapisywać (się)
register
to put information about someone or something, especially a name, on an official list
“Is he registered with the authorities to sell alcohol?”,
“Students need to register for the course by the end of April.”,
“a registered nurse”
wyrazić, zamanifestować
register
to show an opinion or feeling
“People gathered to register their opposition to the plans.”
wskazywać
register
to show an amount on an instrument that measures something
“The earthquake registered 7.3 on the Richter scale.”
emisja
emission
the act of sending gas, heat, light, etc. out into the air, or an amount of gas, heat, light, etc that is sent out
“Carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by 20%.”
skakać
jump
to push your body up and away from the ground using your feet and legs
“The children were jumping up and down with excitement.”,
“I jumped over the log.”,
“They jumped into the water.”
wskoczyć
jump
to move somewhere suddenly and quickly
“She jumped into a taxi and rushed to the station.”
przeskoczyć
jump
to move over something by moving up into the air
“The horse jumped the last fence.”
podskoczyć
jump
to suddenly increase by a large amount
“House prices have jumped by 20%.”
podskoczyć, poderwać się
jump
to make a sudden movement because you are frightened or surprised
“Her scream made me jump.”
skok
jump
the movement of pushing your body up into the air using your feet and legs
“He won with a jump of 8.5 metres.”
skok
jump
a sudden increase in the amount of something
“a jump in profits”
odcinek
episode
one programme of a series shown on television
“Did you see last week’s episode of The X-Factor?”
epizod, wydarzenie
episode
a single event or period of time
“an important episode in British history”
zeznanie
testimony
a formal statement about what someone knows or believes is true, especially in a law court
“the testimony of a witness”
dowód czegoś
testimony
proof of something good
“The book’s continued popularity is testimony to the power of clever marketing.”
tani
cheap
not expensive, or costing less than usual
“I got a cheap flight to Spain at the last minute.”,
“It will be a lot cheaper to go by bus.”
tani
cheap
where you have to pay less than usual or less than you expect
“Are there any cheap restaurants around here?”
tani
cheap
low in price and quality
“cheap perfume”
skąpy
cheap
not willing to spend money
tanio
cheap
for a low price
“You’ll get the table cheap if you buy the chairs too.”
być (sprzedawanym ) po promocyjnej cenie
cheap
to be offered for sale for less money than is usual
trochę kosztować
cheap
to be expensive
“Good carpets don’t come cheap.”
warsztaty , szkolenie
workshop
an event at which a group of people meet to learn more about something by discussing it and doing practical exercises
“a workshop on crime prevention”
warsztat
workshop
a place where people use tools and machines to make or repair things
ciąg, łańcuch
sequence
a series of related events or things that have a particular order
“the sequence of events that led to his death”
kolejność, porządek
sequence
the order that events or things should happen or be arranged in
“I got my slides mixed up and they appeared out of sequence.”
dodatkowy
additional
extra to what already exists
“We plan to take on an additional ten employees over the next year.”
przed, na zewnątrz
outside
not in a particular building or room, but near it
“She waited outside his room for nearly two hours.”
poza, za
outside
not in
“a town just outside Munich”,
“You have to phone a different number outside office hours.”
na zewnątrz, na dworze
outside
not inside a building
“Go and play outside for a while.”,
“It’s cold outside today.”
na zewnątrz
outside
not in a particular building or room, but near it
“She knocked on his bedroom door and left the tray outside.”
zewnętrzny, na powietrzu
outside
not in a building
“an outside light”,
“outside activities”
zewnętrzny
outside
from a different organization or group of people
“outside help “,
“outside influences “
zewnętrze, zewnętrzna strona
outside
the outer part or surface of something
“The pie was cooked on the outside but cold in the middle.”
cecha, atrakcja, możliwość
feature
a typical quality, or important part of something
“The town’s main features are its beautiful mosque and ancient marketplace.”,
“This phone has several new features.”
cecha (wyglądu ), rys
feature
Someone’s features are the parts of their face that you notice when you look at them.
“His eyes are his best feature.”
artykuł
feature
a special article in a newspaper or magazine, or a special television programme
“a double-page feature on global warming”
mieć w obsadzie , prezentować, zawierać
feature
to include someone or something as an important part
“a new movie featuring Will Smith”,
“The album will feature music from all over the world.”
węgiel
carbon
a chemical element present in all animals and plants and in coal and oil (symbol C)
lider/ka, przywód-ca/czyni
leader
a person in control of a group, country, or situation
“a religious leader”,
“Who’s the leader of the Democratic Party in the Senate?”
lider/ka
leader
someone or something that is winning during a race or other situation where people are competing
“He’s fallen two laps behind the leaders.”,
“Microsoft is a world leader in software design.”
seks
sex
sexual activity between people
“to have sex with someone”,
“sex education “
płeć
sex
the fact of being male or female
“Do you know what sex the baby is?”,
“sex discrimination “
płeć żeńska /męska /przeciwna itp.
sex
people who are female/male/the other sex from you, etc
długi
long
having a large distance from one end to the other
“long, brown hair”,
“long legs”,
“a long dress”,
“It’s a long way to travel to work.”
długi
long
continuing for a large amount of time
“a long film/meeting”,
“Have you been waiting a long time?”
długi
long
used when asking for or giving information about the distance or time of something
“It’s about three metres long.”,
“Most of the concerts are over three hours long.”,
“How long do you want the skirt?”,
“Do you know how long the film is?”
długi
long
A long book or other piece of writing has a lot of pages or words.
“a long article/letter”
długo
long
for a long time
“We didn’t have to wait long for the train.”,
“The band played long into the night.”
o ile, jeśli (tylko), pod warunkiem, że
long
used when you are talking about something that must happen before something else can happen
“You can play football as long as you do your homework first.”
niedługo
long
soon
“He’ll be home before long.”
dawno temu
long
If something happened long ago, it happened a great amount of time ago.
już nie
long
not now
“He no longer works here.”
długo
long
a large amount of time
“She won’t be away for long.”
tęsknić do czegoś , bardzo pragnąć czegoś
long
to want something very much
“She longed to see him again.”
asystent/ka
assistant
someone whose job is to help a person who has a more important job
“an administrative assistant”,
“assistant manager”
sprzedaw-ca/czyni, ekspedient/ka
assistant
someone who helps customers in a shop
drewniany
wooden
made of wood
“a wooden chair”
-
a
used before a noun to refer to a single thing or person but not a particular thing or person or not one that you have referred to before
“I need a new car.”,
“I bought a nice coat yesterday.”,
“I saw a woman speaking to him.”
jeden
a
one
“a hundred dollars”,
“a dozen eggs”
każdy
a
every or each
“A child needs love.”,
“Take one tablet three times a (= each) day.”
-
a
used to say what type of thing or person something or someone is
“It’s a guinea pig.”,
“She’s a doctor.”
Często tłumaczymy formą dokonaną czasownika, np. umyć się , spojrzeć , itp.
a
used before some action nouns when referring to one example of the action
“Take a look at this.”,
“I’m just going to have a wash.”
-
a
used before the first of two nouns that are often used together
“a cup and saucer”
-
a
used before some phrases saying how much of something there is
“a few days”,
“a bit of sugar”
jakiś
a
used before a person’s name when referring to someone you do not know
“There’s a Ms Leeming to see you.”
a-
a
not, without
“atypical”,
“amoral”
odległy, oddalony, daleki
remote
far away
“It was a remote mountain village with no electricity supply.”,
“His voice sounded remote.”
odległy, zamierzchły
remote
far in time
“in the remote past”
znikomy
remote
slight
“There is a remote possibility that it could be cancer.”
architekt
architect
someone who designs buildings
żyć, dożyć
live
to be alive
“She only lived a few days after the accident.”,
“I hope I live to see my grandchildren.”
mieszkać na/w/koło itp.
live
to have your home somewhere
“I still remember the house we lived in.”,
“They live in New York.”,
“We live near each other.”,
“Where do you live?”
żyć
live
to spend your life in a particular way
“Many people are living in poverty.”,
“She lived a full life.”
Nigdy mi tego nie zapomną !
live
something you say about an embarrassing experience that other people will not forget
żywy
live
having life
“Millions of live animals are shipped around the world each year.”
pod napięciem
live
A live wire has electricity in it.
na żywo
live
A live radio or television programme is seen or heard as it happens.
“live coverage”,
“a live broadcast”
na żywo
live
A live performance or recording of a performance is done with an audience.
“a live concert”,
“live music”
ostry
live
A live bomb has not yet exploded.
na żywo
live
broadcast at the same time that something happens
“We’ll be bringing the match to you live on Wednesday.”
wydajność, sprawność
efficiency
a good use of time and energy, without wasting any
“fuel efficiency”,
“We must improve the efficiency of the industry.”
krytykować
criticize
to say that something or someone is bad
“The film was criticized for being too violent.”
szef/owa kuchni
chef
someone who is the main cook (= person who cooks) in a hotel or a restaurant
werbować, rekrutować
recruit
to try to persuade someone to work for a company or to join an organization
rekrut/ka, nowicjusz/ka
recruit
someone who has recently joined an organization
“a new recruit “
toczyć się/ coś , obracać się/ coś
roll
to move somewhere by turning in a circular direction, or to make something move this way
“The ball rolled through the goalkeeper’s legs.”,
“She rolled over onto her side.”
toczyć/wtaczać/staczać się, płynąć
roll
to move somewhere smoothly
“Tears rolled down her face.”,
“His car started rolling down the drive.”
zwijać
roll
to turn something around itself to make the shape of a ball or tube
“to roll a cigarette”
przewracać lub wywracać oczami
roll
to move your eyes so that they are looking up, usually to show surprise or disapproval
rolka
roll
something that has been turned around itself into a round shape like a tube
“a roll of film”,
“a roll of toilet paper”
bułka
roll
a small loaf of bread for one person
“Would you like a roll and butter with your soup?”
lista
roll
a list of names
“the electoral roll “
łoskot, huk, werbel
roll
a long, deep sound
“a roll of thunder “,
“a drum roll “
być na fali
roll
to be having a successful period
“We were on a roll, winning our fourth game in a row.”
-
n’t
short for not
“She isn’t (= is not) going.”,
“I can’t (= cannot) hear you.”,
“They didn’t (= did not) believe me.”
nacisk, uwaga
emphasis
particular importance or attention that you give to something
“Schools are starting to place/put greater emphasis on passing exams.”
akcent
emphasis
the extra force that you give to a word or part of a word when you are saying it
“The emphasis is on the final syllable.”
nowoczesny
modern
relating to the present time and not to the past
“modern society”,
“the stresses of modern life “
współczesny
modern
using the newest ideas, design, technology, etc and not traditional
“modern art/architecture”,
“modern medicine”
budzić (się)
wake
to stop sleeping or to make someone else stop sleeping
“I’ve only just woken up.”,
“Could you wake me up before you go?”,
“You woke me up making so much noise.”
w następstwie czegoś
wake
after something has happened, and often because it has happened
“Airport security was extra tight in the wake of last week’s bomb attacks.”
kilwater
wake
the waves behind a moving ship
stypa
wake
an occasion when people come together to remember someone who has recently died
przewidywać, oczekiwać
anticipate
to expect something, or to prepare for something before it happens
“to anticipate a problem “,
“We anticipate that prices will fall next year.”
głowa
head
the part of your body above your neck that contains your brain, eyes, ears, mouth, nose, etc and on which your hair grows
“He fell and hit his head on the table.”
głowa
head
your mind
“All these thoughts were going round in my head.”
dyrektor/ka, szef/owa
head
the person who is in charge of an organization
“Her father is the head of an oil company.”
dyrektor/ka
head
the person in charge of a school
“You’ll have to ask the head if you can have a day off school.”
czoło, szczyt
head
the front or top part of something
“Who is that at the head of the table?”
10 funtów/6 dolarów itp. na głowę
head
costing £10/$6, etc for each person
“The meal costs 20 euros a head.”
reszka, awers
head
the side of a coin that has a picture of someone’s head on it
“Heads or tails?”
kierować się z powrotem /w dół/w stronę itp.
head
to move in a particular direction
“They headed back to the shore.”
kierować
head
to lead an organization or group
“The company is headed by a young entrepreneur.”
znajdować się lub być na czele
head
to be at the front or top of something
“Jo headed a very short list of candidates.”
główkować
head
to hit a ball with your head
“Owen headed the ball straight into the back of the net.”
pogrzebać
bury
to put a dead body into the ground
“He was buried next to his wife.”
zakopać, pogrzebać
bury
to hide something in the ground or under something
“buried treasure”,
“She watched the dog burying its bone.”,
“It is common practice to bury waste in landfills.”,
“Two climbers were buried in the snow.”
ukryć twarz w czymś
bury
to move your face/head somewhere where it is hidden
“She buried her face in her hands.”
poświęcić się czemuś
bury
to give all your attention to something
“He buried himself in his work.”
dziesięciolecie
decade
a period of ten years
dokładnie
precisely
exactly
“at 6 o’clock precisely”
dokładnie
precisely
used to emphasize something
“This is precisely the kind of thing I was hoping to avoid.”
właśnie, dokładnie
precisely
used to agree with what someone else says
”” It’s the shape I dislike, not the colour. “ “ Precisely! “”
etykieta, metka
label
a small piece of paper or other material that gives information about the thing it is fixed to
“There should be washing instructions on the label.”
określenie, etykietka
label
a word or phrase that is used to describe the qualities of someone or something, usually in a way that is not fair
“He seems to be stuck with the label of ‘troublemaker’.”
wytwórnia płytowa
label
a company that records and sells music
“They’ve just signed a deal with a major record label.”
etykietować
label
to fix a small piece of paper or other material to something which gives information about it
“All food has to be labelled with ‘best before’ or ‘use by’ dates.”
określać
label
to describe the qualities of someone or something using a word or phrase, usually in a way that is not fair
“They’ve been unfairly labelled as criminals.”
więcej
more
something in addition to what you already have
“Is there any more soup?”,
“Would anyone like some more food?”,
“I need a bit more money.”
więcej
more
a greater number or amount of people or things
“There are a lot more people here today than yesterday.”,
“He knows more about computers than I do.”
coraz więcej
more
an increasing number
“More and more people are choosing not to get married.”
piękniejszy/trudniejszy/bardziej interesujący itp.
more
used to show that someone or something has a greater amount of a quality than someone or something else
“It’s more expensive than the others.”,
“She’s far more intelligent than her sister.”
więcej
more
used to show that something happens a greater number of times than before
“We eat out a lot more than we used to.”
mniej więcej
more
almost
“We’ve more or less finished work on the house.”
coraz bardziej
more
more as time passes
“It’s becoming more and more difficult to pass the exam.”
łazienka
bathroom
a room with a bath, sink, and often a toilet
skorzystać z toalety , iść do ubikacji
bathroom
to use the toilet
dziesięć
ten
the number 10
dosyć, dość
fairly
more than average, but less than very
“a fairly big family”,
“fairly quickly”
sprawiedliwie
fairly
done in a fair way
“treating people fairly”
tata
dad
father
“My dad and I have the same curly brown hair.”,
“Can I go to the park, Dad?”
rozmawiać, mówić
speak
to say something using your voice
“to speak loudly/quietly”,
“There was complete silence - nobody spoke.”
rozmawiać z kimś
speak
to talk to someone
“Could I speak to Mr Davis, please?”,
“Have you spoken with your new neighbors yet?”
rozmawiać lub mówić o czymś
speak
to talk about something
“He refused to speak about the matter in public.”,
“In the interview she spoke of her sadness at her mother’s death.”
mówić po angielsku /francusku /niemiecku itp.
speak
to be able to communicate in English/French/German, etc
“Do you speak English?”,
“He speaks very good French.”
przemawiać
speak
to make a speech to a large group of people
“She was invited to speak at a conference in Madrid.”
występować w czyimś imieniu , reprezentować kogoś
speak
to express the feelings, opinions, etc of another person or of a group of people
“I’ve been chosen to speak on behalf of the whole class.”
ogólnie rzecz biorąc /jeśli o mnie chodzi itp.
speak
used to explain that you are talking about something in a general/personal, etc way
“Personally speaking, I don’t like cats.”
że tak powiem
speak
used to explain that the words you are using do not have their usual meaning
naprawdę
indeed
used to add emphasis after ‘very’ followed by an adjective or adverb
“For a four-year-old, her vocabulary is very good indeed.”,
“Thank you very much indeed.”
doprawdy
indeed
used when someone has said something that surprises, interests, or annoys you
"”She asked if you were married.” “Did she, indeed?””
istotnie
indeed
used to emphasize that something is true or that you agree with it
"”He sounds a very interesting man.” “He is indeed.””
wręcz, a nawet, co więcej
indeed
used when you say more to support or develop what has already been said
“For such creatures speed is not important, indeed it is counterproductive.”
muzyka
music
a pattern of sounds that is made by playing instruments or singing, or a recording of this
"pop/dance music ", "classical music ", "He likes listening to music.", "Could you put on some music?", "a music festival", "a music lesson/teacher"
nuty
music
written signs that represent sounds that can be sung or played with instruments
“I never learnt to read music (= understand written music).”
właściwy, odpowiedni
proper
correct or suitable
“the proper way to do something”,
“Please put those books back in the proper place.”
porządny, prawdziwy
proper
real and satisfactory
“his first proper job “,
“You should eat some proper food instead of just sweets.”
stosowny
proper
socially acceptable
“It’s not proper to interrupt someone when they’re speaking.”
sam
proper
referring to the main or most important part of something
“I live outside Cambridge - I don’t live in the city proper.”
system
system
a way or method of doing things
“the American legal system “,
“the public transport system”
system
system
a set of connected pieces of equipment that operate together
“They’ve had an alarm system installed at their home.”
układ
system
parts of the body that work together in order to make something happen
“the body’s immune system “
system, machina (biurokratyczna )
system
the laws and rules of a society
pomiar
measurement
the process of measuring something
wymiar
measurement
the size and shape of something
“I’ve taken measurements of all the rooms.”
miara
measurement
a way of measuring something
“SI units are the standard units of measurement used all over the world.”
ważny
important
valuable, useful, or necessary
“My family is very important to me.”,
“Listen, Donna has something important to say.”
ważny
important
having a lot of power, influence, or effect
“an important person/decision”
ślad, plama, znak
mark
an area of dirt, damage, etc that is left on something
“You’ve got a black mark on your nose.”,
“He’s left dirty marks all over the carpet.”
ocena
mark
a number or letter that is written on a piece of work, saying how good the work is
“She always gets good marks in English.”
poziom
mark
a particular level, degree, distance, etc
“They’ve just passed the 5000m mark.”,
“Interest rates are somewhere around the seven percent mark.”
oznaka czegoś , znak czegoś
mark
a sign or proof that something exists
“a mark of genius”,
“There was a minute’s silence everywhere as a mark of respect.”
wyznaczać, oznaczać, stanowić
mark
If an event marks the beginning, end, etc of something, it causes it, or happens at the same time as it.
“His death marks the end of an era in television.”
upamiętniać
mark
If you mark an occasion, you do something to celebrate it.
“They’ve declared Tuesday a national holiday to mark the 10th anniversary of Independence.”
oznaczać
mark
to show where something is by drawing or putting something somewhere
“I’ve marked my street on the map for you.”
oceniać, sprawdzać
mark
to check a piece of work or an exam, showing mistakes and giving a letter or number to say how good it is
“to mark essays “
brudzić, zostawiać ślady na
mark
to leave an area of dirt on something
-
mark
a male name
istnieć
exist
to be real or present
“Do you think that fairies exist?”,
“Poverty still exists in this country.”
egzystować, żyć
exist
to live in difficult conditions
“You can’t exist without water for more than a week.”
różnica
margin
the difference between two amounts of time, money, etc, usually between people in a competition
“to win by a narrow/wide margin “,
“He took third place by a margin of seven minutes.”
margines
margin
an empty space down the side of a page of writing
“You can make notes in the margin.”
margines błędu
margin
the amount by which a calculation can be wrong but still produce a good result
“a margin of error of 5 percent”
marża
margin
the amount of profit that is made by a business after costs have been taken off
namiot
tent
a structure made of metal poles and cloth which is fixed to the ground with ropes and used as a cover or to sleep under
“It only took twenty minutes to put the tent up (= make it ready to use).”
narkotyk
drug
an illegal substance that people take to make them feel happy
“He started taking/using drugs such as heroin and cocaine.”,
“Greg is on drugs (= he uses drugs regularly).”,
“a drug dealer “
lek
drug
a chemical substance used as a medicine
“Scientists are developing a new drug to treat cancer.”
odurzać, usypiać, podawać środki nasenne lub przeciwbólowe
drug
to give someone a chemical substance that makes them sleep or stop feeling pain
“He drugged his victims before robbing them.”
dostarczać, zaopatrywać
supply
to provide things that people want or need, often over a long period of time
“to supply food/drugs to people”,
“This lake supplies the whole town with water.”
zapas
supply
an amount of something that is ready to be used
“a supply of water”,
“food supplies”
brakujący
supply
If something is in short supply, there is little of it available.
zaopatrzenie, zasilanie
supply
the system of supplying something to people
“Someone has turned off the electricity supply.”
treść
content
the information or ideas that are talked about in a book, speech, film, etc
“The content of the article was controversial.”
zawartość
content
the amount of a particular substance that something contains
“Most soft drinks have a high sugar content.”
zadowolony
content
happy or satisfied
“Not content with second place, Jeff played only to win.”,
“I was content to stay home and read.”
tło, sceneria
setting
the place where something is or where something happens, often in a book, play, or film
“The house provided the setting for the TV series ‘Pride and Prejudice’.”
ustawienie
setting
a position on the controls of a piece of equipment
“Set the oven at the lowest setting.”
atak, szturm
attack
a violent act intended to hurt or damage someone or something
“a terrorist attack on the capital”
atak, napaść
attack
a strong criticism of someone or something
“a scathing attack on the president”
atak, napad
attack
a sudden, short illness
“a nasty attack of flu”
atak
attack
in games such as football, an attempt by the players in a team try to score points, goals, etc
atakować, napadać
attack
to use violence to hurt or damage someone or something
“He was attacked and seriously injured by a gang of youths.”
atakować
attack
to strongly criticize someone or something
“She attacked the government’s new education policy.”
atakować
attack
If a disease, chemical, etc attacks someone or something, it damages them.
“The virus attacks the central nervous system.”
atakować
attack
If players in a team attack, they move forward to try to score points, goals, etc.
wrażenie
impression
an idea, feeling, or opinion about something or someone
“I got/had the impression that he was bored.”,
“Monica gives the impression of being shy.”,
“Remember that it makes a bad impression if you’re late.”,
“I think Mick was under the impression that (= thought that) we were married.”
parodia
impression
a copy of the way someone speaks or behaves, often to make people laugh
“He does a brilliant impression of the president.”
odcisk
impression
a mark left when an object is pressed into something soft
słynny
famous
known or recognized by many people
“a famous actress”,
“New York is a city famous for its shopping and nightlife.”
wielokrotny, liczny, wieloraki
multiple
with several parts
“multiple injuries “
wielokrotność
multiple
a number that can be divided by another number an exact number of times
“Nine is a multiple of three.”
ojciec
father
your male parent
ojciec
father
the title of some Christian priests
“Father O’Brian”
ojciec czegoś
father
the man who invented or started something
“Descartes is known as the father of modern philosophy.”
być ojcem
father
to become a male parent
“He fathered three children.”
skutecznie
effectively
in a way that is successful and achieves what you want
“Teachers need to be able to communicate ideas effectively.”
faktycznie, praktycznie
effectively
used when you describe what the real result of a situation is
“His illness effectively ended his career.”
centrala, siedziba, kwatera główna
headquarters
the place from where an organization is controlled
“police headquarters”
