Deck 12 Flashcards
korzyść, zaleta
advantage
something good about a situation that helps you
“One of the advantages of living in town is having the shops so near.”
przewaga
advantage
something that will help you to succeed
“These new routes will give the airline a considerable advantage over its competitors.”,
“By half time we had a 2-0 advantage (= were winning by two points).”,
“If we could start early it would be to our advantage (= help us to succeed).”
korzystać z czegoś , wykorzystywać coś
advantage
to use the good things in a situation
“I thought I’d take advantage of the sports facilities while I’m here.”
wykorzystywać kogoś/coś
advantage
to treat someone badly in order to get what you want
pomarańczowy
orange
being a colour that is a mixture of red and yellow
“a deep orange sunset”
pomarańcza
orange
a round, sweet fruit with a thick skin and a centre that is divided into many equal parts
“orange juice”
(kolor) pomarańczowy
orange
a colour that is a mixture of red and yellow
napój lub sok pomarańczowy
orange
a drink made with oranges
“Would you like some orange?”
normalny
normal
usual, ordinary, and expected
“to lead a normal life “,
“It’s perfectly normal to feel some degree of stress at work.”,
“It’s normal for couples to argue now and then.”,
“That’s a fairly normal weight for someone of your height.”,
“Now that trains are running again things are back to normal.”
kredyt
credit
a way of buying something in which you arrange to pay for it at a later time
“We offer interest-free credit on all new cars.”,
“He bought most of the furniture on credit.”
uznanie
credit
praise that is given to someone for something they have done
“I did most of the work but Dan got all the credit!”,
“We should give her credit for her honesty.”,
“I can’t take full credit for this meal - Sam helped.”
być chlubą kogoś/czegoś
credit
to do something that makes a person or organization proud of you
“Giorgio is a credit to his family.”
trzeba przyznać, że …, trzeba kogoś pochwalić (za to, że) …, dzięki komuś
credit
If something is to someone’s credit, they deserve praise for it.
“To his credit, Bill never blamed her for the incident.”
mieć coś na koncie
credit
to have achieved something
“By the age of 25, she had five novels to her credit.”
wypłacalny
credit
having money in your bank account
wpłata
credit
an amount of money that you put into your bank account
punkt, zaliczenie
credit
a unit that shows you have completed part of a college course
wpłacać
credit
to add money to someone’s bank account
dawać wiarę
credit
to believe that something is true
“Dean’s getting married! Who would have credited it?”
autobus
bus
a large vehicle that carries passengers by road, usually along a fixed route
“a school bus”,
“I’ll go home by bus.”
wchłaniać
absorb
If a substance absorbs a liquid, it takes it in through its surface and holds it.
“The fabric absorbs all the moisture, keeping your skin dry.”
być pochłoniętym czymś
absorb
to give all your attention to something that you are doing
“Simon was so absorbed in his computer game, he didn’t notice me come in.”
przyswajać sobie
absorb
to understand and remember facts that you read or hear
“It’s hard to absorb so much information.”
wchłaniać się
absorb
If something is absorbed into something else, it becomes part of it.
“The drug is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream.”
(opłata za) wstęp
admission
the money that you pay to enter a place
“Art exhibition - admission free.”
przyznanie się
admission
the act of agreeing that you did something bad, or that something bad is true
“She is, by her own admission, lazy.”,
“His departure was seen by many as an admission of guilt.”
przyjęcie, wstęp
admission
permission to enter somewhere or to become a member of a club, university, etc
“She’s applied for admission to law school.”
talerz
plate
a flat, round object that is used for putting food on
“a dinner plate “,
“a plate of biscuits”
płyta, proteza
plate
a flat piece of metal or glass
“I had a metal plate put in my knee after the accident.”
pozłacany/posrebrzany metal
plate
metal with a thin layer of gold or silver on top
rycina
plate
a picture in a book
płyta
plate
one of the large pieces of rock that form the surface of the Earth
ciemny, ≈ ciemno
dark
with no light or not much light
“It’s a bit dark in here.”,
“It doesn’t get dark until 9 o’clock in the evening.”
ciemny
dark
nearer to black than white in colour
“dark blue/green”,
“dark clouds”,
“He has dark hair and blue eyes.”
ciemnowłosy, ciemnoskóry
dark
having black or brown hair or brown skin
“a short, dark woman with glasses”
ponury
dark
frightening or unpleasant
“a dark period in human history”
ciemność
dark
somewhere where there is no light
“I don’t like going out alone in the dark.”,
“He’s scared of the dark.”
przed zmrokiem /po zmroku
dark
before/after it becomes night
“She doesn’t let her children out after dark.”
dwanaście
twelve
the number 12
zainteresowanie
interest
the feeling of wanting to give attention to something or discover more about it
“Mark had an interest in the media and wanted to become a journalist.”,
“After a while he simply lost interest in (= stopped being interested) his studies.”,
“Bindi felt that her father didn’t take much of an interest in her (= he was not very interested).”
zainteresowanie
interest
something you enjoy doing, studying, or experiencing
“We share a lot of the same interests, particularly music and football.”
odsetki
interest
the extra money that you must pay to a bank, company, etc which has lent you money
“low interest rates “
odsetki
interest
the money you earn from keeping your money in a bank account
zainteresowanie
interest
a quality that makes you think something is interesting
“Would this book be of any interest to you?”,
“The tour offers a chance to visit places of interest.”
interes
interest
something that gives someone or something an advantage
“A union looks after the interests of its members.”
być w czyimś interesie
interest
to help someone and give them an advantage
“It may not be in your interests to change jobs so soon.”
w interesie czegoś , w imię czegoś
interest
in order to achieve a particular situation or quality
“In the interest of safety, passengers are advised to wear their seat belts at all times.”
udział
interest
the legal right to own or receive part of a building, company, profits, etc
interesować
interest
If someone or something interests you, you want to give them your attention and discover more about them.
“History doesn’t really interest me.”
Irak
Iraqi
a country in Asia
wieszać, powiesić, wisieć
hang
to fasten something so that the top part is fixed but the lower part is free to move, or to be fastened in this way
“He hung his coat on the hook behind the door.”
powiesić, zginąć na szubienicy
hang
to kill someone by putting a rope around their neck and making them drop, or to die in this way
“The poor woman tried to hang herself with her sheet.”
wisieć
hang
to stay in the air for a long time
“Thick fog hung over the town.”
nauczyć się czegoś
hang
to gradually learn how to do or use something
dowód
proof
a fact or a piece of information that shows something exists or is true
“She showed us her passport as proof of her identity.”,
“My landlord has asked for proof that I’m employed.”
-odporny
proof
used at the end of words to mean ‘protecting against’ or ‘not damaged by’
“a bulletproof vest”,
“a waterproof jacket”
wygrać
win
to get the most points in a competition or game, or the most votes in an election
“Barcelona won the game 6-0.”,
“Who do you think will win the election?”
wygrać
win
to be successful in a war, fight, or argument
“Protesters have won their battle to stop the road being built.”
wygrać
win
to get a prize in a game or competition
“He won $500.”,
“She won a gold medal at the Olympics.”
zdobyć (sobie) poparcie/szacunek/wsparcie itp.
win
to get approval/respect/support, etc because of your skill and hard work
“Her plans have won the support of many local people.”
ktoś jest bez szans
win
used to say that nothing someone does in a situation will succeed or please people
“Whatever I do seems to annoy her - I just can’t win.”
wygrana, zwycięstwo
win
an occasion when someone wins a game or competition
“The Jets have only had three wins this season.”
przedpokój, hol
hall
a room or passage in a building, which leads to other rooms
“I left my coat and umbrella in the hall.”
sala, audytorium
hall
a large room or building where meetings, concerts, etc are held
“the Albert Hall”,
“The disco will be held in the school hall.”
ruch
traffic
the cars, trucks, etc using a road
“Traffic is heavy (= there are a lot of cars, etc) in both directions.”,
“a traffic accident “,
“Sorry we’re late - we got stuck in traffic.”
ruch
traffic
the planes or ships moving around an area
“air traffic control”
(nielegalny) handel
traffic
the illegal buying and selling of goods, such as drugs, weapons, etc
“the traffic in illegal drugs”
siedzieć
sit
to be in a position with the weight of your body on your bottom and the top part of your body up, for example, on a chair
“Emma was sitting on a stool.”,
“The children sat at the table by the window.”,
“We sat by the river and had a picnic.”
siadać
sit
to move your body into a sitting position after you have been standing
“She came over and sat beside him.”,
“She sat down on the grass.”
posadzić kogoś gdzieś
sit
to make someone sit somewhere
“She sat me down and told me the bad news.”,
“I thought we’d sit the children at the end of the table.”
stać
sit
to stay in one place for a long time and not be used
“He hardly ever drives the car. It just sits in the garage.”
obradować
sit
If a court, parliament, etc sits, it has a meeting to do its work.
“The board will be sitting next week.”
zdawać
sit
to take a test or exam
“The changes will affect many students sitting their exams this summer.”
etyka
ethics
ideas and beliefs about what type of behaviour is morally right and wrong
“a code of ethics “,
“the ethics of genetic engineering”
odległy
distant
far away in space or time
“distant galaxies”,
“the distant sound of traffic”,
“We hope to see you in the not too distant future.”
daleki
distant
A distant relative is not very closely related to you.
“a distant cousin”
obojętny, zdystansowany
distant
not friendly
“She seemed cold and distant.”
uśmiechać się
smile
to make a happy or friendly expression in which the corners of your mouth curve up
“She smiled at me.”
uśmiech
smile
a happy or friendly expression in which the corners of your mouth curve up
“He gave me a big smile and wished me good luck.”,
““I passed my driving test,” she said with a smile.”
myśleć, uważać
think
to have an opinion about something or someone
“Do you think it’s going to rain?”,
“I don’t think that Emma will get the job (= I believe she will not get it).”,
“What did you think of the film?”,
“What do you think about modern art?”
myśleć, zastanawiać się
think
to consider an idea or a problem
“He thought for a few seconds before answering.”,
“You should think about where you want to live.”
myśleć
think
to believe that something is true, or to expect that something will happen, although you are not sure
“I think she’s called Joanna.”,
““Does this train stop at Oxford?” “Yes, I think so.””,
“I never thought that I would see Steven again.”
myśleć o czymś
think
to consider doing something
“I’m thinking of moving to Sydney.”,
“We thought about getting married, but decided not to.”
myśleć o kimś/czymś
think
to use your mind to imagine a situation
“I’m sorry I can’t be at the wedding, but I’ll be thinking of you.”
wymyślić coś
think
to use your imagination and intelligence to produce an idea, a solution to a problem, or an answer to a question
“When did you first think of the idea?”,
“I need to think of a suitable response to this letter.”
mieć o kimś/czymś dobre zdanie
think
to admire someone, or to believe that something is good quality
“Simon thinks a lot of you, you know.”
nie lubić kogoś/czegoś , nie mieć o kimś/czymś najlepszego zdania
think
to not like someone, or to believe that something is not good quality
“I don’t think much of the food here.”
myślę , że, wydaje mi się, że
think
used to introduce a suggestion or explanation in order to be polite
“It’s getting late - I think that we should go.”
(i) kto by pomyślał , że …?
think
used to express how surprising something is
“Who would have thought that buying a house could take so long!”
zastanawiać się
think
to consider something carefully
“Have a think about it and then tell me what you’ve decided.”
znany, znajomy
familiar
easy to recognize because of being seen, met, heard, etc before
“It’s nice to see a few familiar faces (= people that I recognize) around here.”,
“This street doesn’t look familiar to me.”
znać coś , znać się na czymś
familiar
to know about something or have experienced it many times before
“Anyone who’s familiar with his poetry will find the course easy.”
poufały
familiar
friendly and very informal
“He doesn’t like to be too familiar with his staff.”
wymiana
exchange
an occasion when you give something to someone and they give you something else
“an exchange of ideas/information “,
“They were given food and shelter in exchange for work.”
wymiana
exchange
an arrangement by which students and teachers from one country go to stay with students and teachers in another
“Janet has happy memories of going on an exchange to France.”
wymiana zdań
exchange
a short conversation or argument
“There were angry exchanges between the police and demonstrators.”
wymieniać
exchange
to give something to someone and receive something similar from them
“It’s traditional for the two teams to exchange shirts after the game.”
wymieniać
exchange
to take something back to the shop where you bought it and change it for something else
“Could I exchange this shirt for a larger size?”
wymieniać spojrzenia /uśmiechy /zamieniać słowa itp.
exchange
If two people exchange looks, smiles, words, etc, they look at each other/smile at each other/talk to each other, etc.
“The couple opposite us sat through the whole meal without exchanging a word.”
gotówka
cash
money in the form of coins or notes (= paper money)
“I’m taking 100 euros in cash.”,
“Are you paying by cheque or cash?”
gotówka
cash
money in any form
“She’s short of cash at the moment.”,
“a cash prize”
zrealizować czek
cash
to exchange a cheque (= piece of paper printed by a bank and used to pay for things) for coins or paper money
“Where can we cash our traveller’s cheques?”
przewoźnik, transporter
carrier
a person, vehicle, or machine that transports things from one place to another
nosiciel/ka
carrier
a person who has a disease that they can give to other people without suffering from it themselves
linia lotnicza , przewoźnik
carrier
a company that operates aircraft
prześcieradło, pościel
sheet
a large piece of cloth put on a bed to lie on or under
“a double fitted sheet”,
“to change the sheets”
kartka papieru /szyba/arkusz blachy itp.
sheet
a flat piece of paper/glass, etc
“a sheet of yellow paper”
kultura
culture
the habits, traditions, and beliefs of a country, society, or group of people
“American/Japanese culture”,
“It’s a good opportunity for children to learn about other cultures.”
kultura
culture
music, art, theatre, literature, etc
“popular culture”
hodowla, kultura
culture
the process of growing things, especially bacteria, for scientific purposes, or the bacteria produced by this process
ekonomia
economics
the study of the way in which trade, industry, and money are organized
sprawiedliwy, uczciwy, w porządku
fair
treating everyone in the same way, so that no one has an advantage
“a fair trial “,
“That’s not fair. You always go first!”
sprawiedliwy, uczciwy, w porządku
fair
acceptable or right
“a fair deal”,
“We’d like to move abroad, but it’s just not fair on the children.”
jasny
fair
having pale skin or a light colour of hair
“a boy with fair hair and blue eyes”
spora ilość/odległość/wielkość itp.
fair
quite a large amount, distance, size, etc
“There’s still a fair bit of work to be done on the house.”
pogodny
fair
sunny and not raining
“Tomorrow will be fair, with some early morning frost.”
przyzwoity, niezły
fair
not very good but not very bad
“He has a fair chance of winning.”
w porządku
fair
used to say that you agree, or think that something is acceptable
"”He’ll only work on Sunday if he gets paid extra.” “Fair enough.””
wesołe miasteczko
fair
an event outside where you can ride large machines for pleasure and play games to win prizes
targi, targ
fair
an event where people show and sell goods or services relating to a particular business or hobby
“a trade fair “
postępować uczciwie
fair
to do something in a fair and honest way
styczność, kontakt, ekspozycja
exposure
a situation in which someone experiences something or is affected by it because they are in a particular situation or place
“There is a risk of exposure to radiation.”,
“Many young children now have exposure to computers in the home.”
zdemaskowanie, ujawnienie
exposure
a situation in which something bad that you have done is made public
“She was threatened with exposure by a journalist.”
wychłodzenie organizmu
exposure
a serious medical condition that is caused by being outside in very cold weather
“He died of exposure while trying to climb Mount Everest.”
klatka
exposure
a single photograph on a piece of film
“This film has 24 exposures.”
napaść
assault
an attack
“an assault on a police officer”,
“sexual assault “
pełny
full
If a container or a space is full, it contains as many things or people as possible or as much of something as possible.
“We couldn’t get in, the cinema was full.”,
“The shelves were full of books.”,
“The bottle was still nearly full.”
pełny
full
containing a lot of things or people or a lot of something
“The room was full of people.”,
“His face was full of anger.”,
“Don’t speak with your mouth full.”
pełny, cały
full
complete and including every part
“Please give your full name and address.”,
“I don’t think that we’ve heard the full story yet.”
pełna szybkość/cała siła/maksymalna głośność itp.
full
the greatest speed/strength/volume, etc possible
“We were driving at full speed.”,
“UK She got full marks in the test.”
być zadufanym w sobie
full
to think that you are very important
żyć czymś
full
to be talking or thinking a lot about a particular thing
“He’s full of stories about his trip.”
pełny, najedzony
full
having eaten enough food
“No more for me, thanks, I’m full.”
pełna twarz/figura
full
a face or body shape that is large and round
w całości
full
completely and with nothing missing
“The speech will be published in full in tomorrow’s newspaper.”,
“He paid the bill in full.”
w (całej ) pełni
full
as much or as well as possible
“She certainly lived life to the full.”
zdrowy
healthy
physically strong and well
“Sue is a normal healthy child.”
zdrowy
healthy
good for your health
“a healthy diet “
zdrowy
healthy
successful and strong
“a healthy economy “
szorstki, nierówny
rough
A rough surface is not smooth.
“rough hands”,
“rough ground”
przybliżony, orientacyjny
rough
approximate
“a rough estimate “,
“Can you give me a rough idea of the cost?”
wzburzony, gwałtowny
rough
If the sea or weather is rough, there is a lot of strong wind and sometimes rain.
“The boat sank in rough seas off the Swedish coast.”
kiepski, podły
rough
sick
“I feel a bit rough after last night.”
trudny
rough
difficult or unpleasant
“She’s having a rough time at work.”
niebezpieczny, brutalny
rough
dangerous or violent
“a rough part of town”,
“Hockey can be quite a rough game.”
pobieżny, schematyczny
rough
quickly done and not perfect
“These are just rough sketches.”
mieszkać/spać gdzie popadnie lub pod mostem
rough
to live and sleep outside because you have nowhere else to live
żyć po spartańsku , żyć w prymitywnych warunkach
rough
to live in a way that is simple and not comfortable
blisko, niedaleko, koło, w pobliżu
near
not far away in distance
“Could you come a bit nearer, please?”,
“I stood near the window.”,
“They live in a small village near the Danish border.”,
“Are you going anywhere near the post office?”
być bliskim czegoś , prawie coś zrobić
near
to almost achieve or do something
“This is the nearest I’ve ever got to winning anything.”,
“He came near to punching him.”
prawie, bliski
near
If something or someone is near a particular state, they are almost in that state.
“She looked near exhaustion.”,
“Climbing that mountain is near impossible without ropes.”,
“She was near to tears (= almost crying) when I told her.”
blisko, niedaleko
near
not far away in time
“She shouldn’t be partying so near her exams.”,
“We can decide nearer the time.”
bliski
near
similar
“The feelings I had were near hysteria.”,
“He is Russia’s nearest thing to a rock legend.”
ani trochę nie, nawet w przybliżeniu nie, daleki od
near
not close in distance, amount, time, or quality
“It wasn’t me - I was nowhere near him.”,
“That’s nowhere near enough for six people.”,
“It was nowhere near as difficult as I thought it would be.”
prawie
near
almost
“The books were ordered near enough alphabetically.”
bliski, niedaleki
near
not far away in distance or time
“The school’s very near.”,
“The nearest garage is 10 miles away.”,
“The baby’s due date was getting nearer.”
w niedalekiej przyszłości
near
at a time that is not far away
“Space travel may become very common in the near future.”
zbliżać się do
near
to get close to something in distance or time
“The building work is nearing completion at last.”,
“It started raining just as we neared home.”
starać się, zmagać się
struggle
to try very hard to do something difficult
“He’s struggling to pay off his debts.”
szamotać się
struggle
to fight someone when they are holding you
“She struggled but couldn’t break free.”
walka
struggle
a situation in which you try very hard to do something difficult
“It was a real struggle to stay awake during the film.”
szamotanina
struggle
a fight between people
się, sobie
itself
the reflexive form of the pronoun ‘it’
“The cat licked itself clean.”
sam
itself
used to emphasize the particular thing you are referring to
“The garden is enormous but the house itself is very small.”
samsam
itself
aloneautomatically
“The dog was in the house by itself for several days.”,
“The UK heating/ US heat comes on by itself.”
sam w sobie
itself
as the only thing being talked about and nothing else
“You’ve managed to complete the course - that in itself is an achievement.”
podnosić
raise
to lift something to a higher position
“to raise your hand”
podnosić
raise
to increase an amount or level
“to raise prices/taxes “
podnosić, podwyższać
raise
to improve something
“to raise standards “
zbierać
raise
to collect money from other people
“They’re raising money for charity.”
podnosić głos
raise
to speak loudly and angrily to someone
budzić nadzieje /obawy /wątpliwości itp.
raise
to cause emotions or thoughts
“Her answers raised doubts in my mind.”
poruszyć kwestię /temat itp.
raise
to start talking about a subject that you want other people to consider
wychowywać
raise
to look after and educate a child until they have become an adult
“Their ideas on how to raise children didn’t always agree.”
hodować, uprawiać
raise
to make an animal or crop grow
“to raise chickens/sheep”
podwyżka
raise
an increase in the amount of money that you earn
“We usually get a raise at the start of a year.”
choroba
disease
an illness caused by an infection or by a failure of health and not by an accident
“heart disease “,
“an infectious disease “
rząd
row
a straight line of people or things
“a row of chairs/houses”,
“My students sit at desks in rows for most of the time.”
rząd
row
a line of seats
“to sit on the back/front row “,
“Isn’t that Sophie sitting in the row behind us?”
z rzędu
row
one after another without a break
“He’s just won the tournament for the fifth year in a row.”
wiosłować, przewozić łodzią
row
to move a boat or move someone in a boat through the water using oars (= poles with flat ends)
“They rowed out to an island in the centre of the lake.”
awantura, kłótnia
row
a loud, angry argument
“a blazing row “,
“The couple next door are always having rows.”
konflikt, kontrowersja
row
a disagreement about a political or public situation
“A row has erupted over defence policy.”
hałas
row
very loud noise
“The kids were making a terrible row upstairs.”
przywództwo
leadership
the job of being in control of a group, country, or situation
“the leadership of the Conservative party”,
“leadership skills/qualities “,
“a leadership contest “
kierownictwo
leadership
the people in control of a group, country, or situation
“There is growing discontent with the leadership.”
zasadniczy
basic
being the main or most important part of something
“basic ideas/principles”,
“The basic problem is very simple.”
podstawowy
basic
including or providing only the things that are most necessary
“basic training/services/skills”
prosty, podstawowy
basic
very simple, with nothing special added
“My software is pretty basic.”
niesamowity, wspaniały
tremendous
extremely good
“I think she’s doing a tremendous job.”
ogromny
tremendous
very large, great, strong, etc
“a tremendous amount of money”
negatywny
negative
not having enthusiasm or positive opinions about something
“negative feelings “,
“Many people have a negative attitude towards ageing.”
negatywny, ujemny
negative
A negative effect is bad and causes damage to something.
“Terrorist threats have had a very negative impact on tourism.”
negatywny, ujemny
negative
If the result of a test to prove if someone is pregnant or sick is negative, that person is not pregnant or sick.
ujemny
negative
A negative number is less than zero.
przeczący
negative
In language, a negative word or phrase expresses the meaning ‘no’ or ‘not’.
ujemny
negative
of the type of electrical charge that is carried by electrons
negatyw
negative
a piece of film from which a photograph can be produced, where dark areas look light and light areas look dark
przeczenie, negacja
negative
a word or phrase that expresses the meaning ‘no’ or ‘not’
powszechny, uniwersalny
universal
relating to everyone in the world, or to everyone in a particular group
“Kittens and puppies have an almost universal appeal.”
wchodzić, wjeżdżać, wkraczać
enter
to come or go into a place
“The police entered by the back door.”,
“She is accused of entering the country illegally.”
wprowadzać
enter
to put information into a computer, book, or document
“You have to enter a password to access this information.”
zgłaszać (się) do, brać udział w
enter
to take part in a competition, race, or exam, or to arrange for someone else to do this
“Are you going to enter the photography competition?”
wstępować do, przystępować do
enter
to become a member of a particular organization, or start working in a particular type of job
“She didn’t enter the legal profession until she was 40.”
trwać już
enter
to begin a period of time
“The violence is now entering its third week.”
przywiązać/związać/obwiązać itp. coś
tie
to fasten something with string, rope, etc
“a pretty box tied with a red ribbon”,
“The dog was tied to a tree.”
wiązać, zawiązywać
tie
to make a knot in a piece of string, rope, etc
“She tied the scarf.”
remisować
tie
to have the same score as someone else at the end of a competition or game
“Sweden tied with France in the winter sports competition.”
krawat
tie
a long, thin piece of cloth that a man wears around his neck with a shirt
więź, związek
tie
a relationship that connects you with a place, person, etc
“The two countries have close ties with each other.”
remis
tie
the result of a game or competition when two people or teams have the same score
eksperyment, doświadczenie
experiment
a test, especially a scientific one, that you do in order to learn something or discover if something is true
“to conduct/do/perform an experiment “,
“They’re conducting experiments on hamster cells to test the effects of the drug.”
eksperymentować
experiment
to try something in order to discover what it is like
“Did he ever experiment with drugs?”
eksperymentować, przeprowadzać doświadczenia
experiment
to do an experiment
“Experimenting on mice can give us an idea of the effect of the disease in humans.”
krótki
brief
lasting only for a short time
“a brief visit”
zwięzły
brief
using only a few words
“a brief description/statement”
w skrócie
brief
using only a few words
“world news in brief”
instruować, informować
brief
to give someone instructions or information
“At the meeting reporters were briefed on the plans.”
wytyczne, instrukcje
brief
a set of instructions or information
“My brief was to improve the image of the city.”
kwestia
issue
an important subject or problem that people are discussing
“the issues of race and social class”,
“political issues”,
“Chris has raised a very important issue.”
numer, egzemplarz, wydanie
issue
the newspaper, magazine, etc that is produced on a particular day
“Have you seen the latest issue of Computer World?”
sporny, będący przedmiotem dyskusji
issue
most important in what is being discussed
“The point at issue is what is best for the child.”
nie zgodzić się (z kimś/czymś )
issue
to disagree with what someone says or writes
“I would take issue with you on that.”
wydawać, wystosować
issue
to say something officially
“The Prime Minister will issue a statement tomorrow.”,
“Police issued a warning about the dangers of playing near water.”
wystawiać, wydawać
issue
to officially give something to someone
“to issue a passport/ticket/invitation “,
“All members will be issued with a membership card.”
lina
rope
very thick string made from twisted thread
przywiązywać (liną )
rope
to tie things together with rope
fundusz
fund
an amount of money collected, saved, or provided for a purpose
“a pension fund “
fundusze
fund
money needed or available to spend on something
“The charity closed down due to lack of funds.”
brud
dirt
an unpleasant substance that makes something not clean
“There’s dirt all over the floor.”
ziemia
dirt
soil or rough ground
“a dirt road/track”
tani jak barszcz/biedny jak mysz kościelna
dirt
extremely cheap/poor
wspinać się (po)
climb
to go up something, or onto the top of something
“to climb a ladder/tree/mountain “,
“He climbed up on a chair to change the light bulb.”,
“My grandfather finds it difficult to climb stairs now.”
czołgać się, pełzać
climb
to move somewhere using your hands and legs
“The child climbed into the back of the car.”,
“We found an opening in the fence and climbed through.”
wzrastać
climb
If a price, number, or amount climbs, it increases.
“Profits climbed 11% last quarter.”
wspinać się
climb
to move to a higher position
“The road climbs quite steeply.”
trawnik
lawn
an area of grass that is cut
“to mow the lawn”,
“There’s a cat on the front lawn.”
ignorować, lekceważyć
ignore
to pay no attention to something or someone
“They just ignored him and carried on with the game.”,
“We cannot afford to ignore the fact that the world’s population is increasing rapidly.”
inny, różny
differently
not the same as someone or something
“Jo’s very different from her sister, isn’t she?”,
“The house is different to how I expected it to be.”
różny
differently
used to talk about separate things or people of the same type
“I had to go to three different shops to find the book she wanted.”
wykluczać, lekceważyć
dismiss
to refuse to consider an idea or opinion
“The committee dismissed the idea as rubbish.”
zdymisjonować, zwalniać (z pracy )
dismiss
to officially make someone leave their job
“Anyone who breaks company rules will be dismissed.”
pozwolić wyjść lub odejść
dismiss
to give someone official permission to leave
“The bell rang and the teacher dismissed the class.”
wszędzie
everywhere
in or to every place
“I’ve looked everywhere, but I still can’t find that letter.”
startować, ubiegać się
compete
to take part in a race or competition
“She’s competing for a place in next year’s Olympics.”
konkurować, rywalizować
compete
to try to be more successful than someone or something else
“It’s difficult for small shops to compete with/against the big supermarkets.”
dolec, zielony
buck
a dollar
“It cost me twenty bucks to get a new bike lock.”
królik, kozioł
buck
a male rabbit or deer
wierzgać
buck
If a horse bucks, it kicks its back legs into the air.
wyższy, górny
upper
at a higher position
“an upper floor”,
“the upper lip”,
“the upper body”
arystokratyczny
upper
of a higher social class
górna granica
upper
the highest amount or level, or the longest time that something is allowed
prawidłowo, odpowiednio
properly
correctly, or in a satisfactory way
“The TV doesn’t work properly.”,
“She doesn’t eat properly.”
zasób, środki
resource
something that a country, person, or organization has that they can use
“natural resources “
zwierzę
animal
something that lives and moves but is not a person, bird, fish, or insect
“a wild animal”,
“She’s a real animal lover.”
zwierzę
animal
anything that lives and moves, including people, birds, etc
“Are humans the only animals to use language?”
zwierzę
animal
a very cruel and violent person
zwierzęcy
animal
Animal qualities and feelings relate to your basic physical needs.
“animal passion”
turniej
tournament
a competition with a series of games between many teams or players, with one winner at the end
“a golf/tennis tournament”
pozbywać się czegoś pozbywać się czegoś
rid
to throw something away or give something to someone because you do not want it nowto end something unpleasant
“We must get rid of some of those old books.”,
“I can’t seem to get rid of this headache.”
pozbywać się kogoś
rid
to make someone leave
“She was useless at her job so we had to get rid of her.”
pozbywać się kogoś/czegoś
rid
to be without someone or something that you do not like or want
“I’d do anything to be rid of him.”
zamontować, zainstalować
install
to put a piece of equipment somewhere and make it ready to use
“The school has installed a burglar alarm.”
powoływać (na stanowisko)
install
to give someone an important and powerful job
“She will be installed as Managing Director in May.”
zainstalować
install
to put software onto a computer
urządzenie, przyrząd
device
a piece of equipment that is used for a particular purpose
“A pager is a small, electronic device for sending messages.”
białko, proteina
protein
food such as meat, cheese, fish, or eggs that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong
za granicą , za granicę
abroad
in or to a foreign country
“He goes abroad a lot with his job.”
robić, wykonywać, przygotowywać
make
to produce or create something
“Shall I make some coffee?”,
“They’ve made a film about her life.”,
“My mother made the curtains.”
składać obietnicę /robić uwagę /popełniać błąd itp.
make
to promise something, to say something, to do something wrong, etc
“We have to make a decision today.”,
“You’re making a big mistake.”,
“She made some useful suggestions.”
zmuszać kogoś do czegoś
make
to force someone to do something
“You can’t make me go.”
uszczęśliwiać kogoś /martwić kogoś /utrudniać coś itp.
make
to cause someone or something to become happy, sad, difficult, etc
“You’ve made me very happy.”,
“This is the song that made her a star.”,
“You’re making things difficult for yourself.”
(dać radę ) przyjść lub przybyć, zdążyć na
make
to be able to go to an event
“I’m afraid I can’t make the meeting this afternoon.”
zarabiać
make
If you make an amount of money, you earn it.
“He makes $80,000 a year.”
dawać (w sumie )
make
If two or more numbers make a particular amount, that is the amount when they are added together.
“That makes $40 altogether.”
być, nadawać się na
make
to have the right qualities to become a father or mother or to do a particular job
“Andy would make a good teacher.”
mianować na
make
to give someone a particular job
“They made her a director of the company.”
zarezerwować termin, umówić się na lub zamówić wizytę lub spotkanie
make
to arrange to do something at a particular time
“I’ve made an appointment with the doctor.”
pościelić łóżko
make
to make the sheets and covers on a bed tidy
wygospodarować czas, zarezerwować sobie czas
make
to leave enough time to do something although you are busy
“You must make time to do your homework.”
zadowolić się
make
to accept that something is less good than you would like
“If we can’t get a bigger room we’ll have to make do with this.”
zdążyćosiągać sukces
make
to manage to arrive at a placeto be successful
“Will we make it in time for the film?”,
“Very few actors actually make it.”
marka
make
the name of a company that makes a particular product
“I like your bike. What make is it?”
aktualny, obecny, bieżący
current
happening or existing now
“What is your current address?”,
“the current issue of Newsweek magazine”
prąd
current
the natural flow of air or water in one direction
“a current of air”,
“dangerous/strong currents”
prąd
current
the flow of electricity through a wire
“an electrical current”
samochód
car
a vehicle with an engine, four wheels, and seats for a small number of passengers
“She goes to work by car.”,
“Where did you park your car?”
wagon
car
a part of a train in which passengers sit, eat, sleep, etc
“the dining car”
wizyta, spotkanie
appointment
a time you have arranged to meet someone or go somewhere
“a doctor’s/dental appointment”,
“I made an appointment with my hairdresser for next Monday.”
mianowanie, stanowisko
appointment
an occasion when you officially choose someone for an important job, or the job itself
“the appointment of three new teachers”,
“a temporary appointment”
dorad-ca/czyni
aide
someone whose job is to help someone important, especially in the government
“a former aide to the President”
dzień
day
a period of 24 hours
“the days of the week”,
“January has 31 days.”,
“Matthew runs five miles every day.”,
“I saw her the day before yesterday.”
dzień
day
the period during the day when there is light from the sun
“a bright, sunny day”,
“We’ve been travelling all day.”,
“These animals sleep during the day and hunt at night.”
dzień
day
the time that you usually spend at work or school
“She’s had a very busy day at the office.”
kilka dni temu
day
a few days ago
“I saw Terry the other day.”
dzień w dzień, dzień po dniu
day
every day for a long period of time
“Day after day they marched through the mountains.”
pewnego dnia
day
used to talk about something that happened in the past
“One day, I came home to find my windows smashed.”
pewnego (pięknego ) dnia
day
used to talk about something you think will happen in the future
“One of these days I’ll tell her what really happened.”
lata , czasy wiele dni
day
used to talk about a particular period of time when something happened or existeda long time
“in my younger days “,
“This book was written before the days of computers.”,
“I haven’t seen Jack for days.”
obecnie, w dzisiejszych czasach
day
used to talk about the present time
“I don’t go out much these days.”
w tamtych czasach
day
used to talk about a period in the past
“In those days, no-one had a TV set.”
dawne czasy
day
a period in the past
użyteczny, przydatny
useful
helping you to do or achieve something
“useful information”,
“a useful course for students”
przydawać się
useful
to be useful and help someone do or achieve something, especially when there is nothing else to help them
“You should keep that paint - it might come in useful.”
uderzać
strike
to hit someone or something
“Two climbers were struck by falling rocks.”,
“His car went out of control and struck a tree.”,
“I’ve never heard of anyone being struck by lightning.”
uderzać, przychodzić do głowy
strike
If a thought or idea strikes you, you suddenly think of it.
“It struck me that I’d forgotten to order the champagne.”
uderzać kogoś jako coś , robić na kimś jakieś wrażenie
strike
If someone strikes you as having a particular quality, they seem to have that quality.
“He didn’t strike me as a passionate man.”
strajkować
strike
to stop working for a period of time because you want more money, etc
“Bus drivers are threatening to strike.”
uderzać
strike
If something bad strikes something or someone, it affects them strongly and quickly.
“The hurricane struck the coast at about eight in the morning.”
atakować
strike
to attack suddenly
“The marines will strike at dawn.”
wybijać (godzinę ), bić
strike
If a clock strikes, a bell rings to show what the time is.
znajdować złoto/ropę itp.
strike
to find a supply of gold, oil, etc in the ground
zapalać zapałkę
strike
to light a match in order to produce fire
zachowywać równowagę lub proporcje
strike
to give two things the same amount of attention
“It’s important to strike a balance between spending and saving.”
dobijać targu , ubijać interes
strike
If two people strike a deal, they promise to do something for each other that will give them both an advantage.
“The book’s author has struck a deal with a major film company.”
strajk
strike
a period of time when people are not working because they want more money, etc
“Teachers are planning to go on strike next month.”
atak, uderzenie
strike
a sudden military attack
“an air strike”
wprowadzenie
introduction
the process of making something exist, happen, or be used for the first time
“the introduction of a minimum wage”
wstęp
introduction
the first part of a book or speech
wstęp
introduction
a book or course that provides basic knowledge about a subject
“an introduction to psychology”
kontakt
introduction
the first time someone experiences something
“It was our first introduction to great poetry.”
przedstawienie, prezentacja
introduction
an occasion when you tell someone another person’s name the first time that they meet
“Can you do the introductions?”
przedstawienie, zapowiedź
introduction
something you say to tell an audience who is going to speak to them or perform for them
“My next guest needs no introduction.”
wyścig
race
a competition in which people run, ride, drive, etc against each other in order to see who is the fastest
“a horse race”
rasa
race
one of the groups that people are divided into according to their physical characteristics, such as skin colour
“people of many different races”
walka
race
a situation in which people compete against each other for power or control
“the race for governor”
wyścigi
race
an event when horses race against each other
ścigać się
race
to compete in a race
“I’ll race you to the end of the road.”,
“I used to race against him at school.”
pędzić, gnać
race
to move somewhere very quickly
“I raced over to see what was the matter.”
szybko kogoś przewozić
race
to take someone somewhere very quickly
“Ambulances raced the injured to a nearby hospital.”
wystawiać
race
to put a horse, dog, etc in a race
wskazywać
indicate
to show that something exists or is likely to be true
“Recent evidence indicates that the skeleton is about 3 million years old.”
zasygnalizować
indicate
to say something or give a signal to show what you mean or what you intend to do
“He has indicated his intention to resign.”,
“She nodded to indicate she was listening.”
wskazywać na
indicate
to point to someone or something
“He indicated a man in a dark coat.”
sygnalizować (skręt), włączać kierunkowskaz
indicate
to show that you intend to turn left or right when you are driving
“The driver turned right without indicating.”
na
onto
used to show movement into or on a particular place
“The sheep were loaded onto trucks.”,
“Can you get back onto the path?”
chwytać/trzymać (za) coś
onto
to hold something
“Hold onto my hand before we cross the road.”
do
onto
used to show that you are starting to talk about a different subject
“Can we move onto the next item on the agenda?”
przejrzeć kogoś , rozgryźć kogoś , być na czyimś tropie
onto
to know that someone has done something wrong or illegal
“She knows we’re onto her and she’s trying to get away.”,
“Who put the police onto (= told the police about) her?”
być na tropie czegoś
onto
to know or discover something useful or important
“Researchers think they may be onto something big.”,
“Can you put me onto (= tell me about) a good dentist?”
roślina
plant
a living thing that grows in the soil or water and has leaves and roots, especially one that is smaller than a tree
“Have you watered the plants?”,
“tomato plants”
zakład
plant
a large factory where an industrial process happens
“a nuclear power plant”
sadzić, siać
plant
to put seeds or plants in the ground so that they will grow
“to plant bulbs/seeds/trees “
podrzucić
plant
to secretly put something in a place that will make someone seem guilty
“She insisted that the drugs had been planted on her without her knowledge.”
podkładać bombę
plant
to put a bomb somewhere so that it will explode there
umieszczać coś gdzieś
plant
to put something firmly in a particular place
“He planted himself next to me on the sofa.”
zasiać
plant
to make someone start thinking something
“I was confident till you planted doubts in my mind.”
kontrowersja
controversy
a lot of disagreement and argument about something
“There is a lot of controversy over mobile phone towers.”
legalny
legitimate
allowed by law
“Sales of illegal CDs now exceed those of legitimate recordings.”
uzasadniony
legitimate
A legitimate complaint or fear can be understood or believed.
“People have expressed legitimate fears about the spread of the disease.”
ulubiony
favorite
Your favourite person or thing is the one that you like best.
“What’s your favourite band?”
ulubie-niec/nica, ulubiona rzecz
favorite
a person or thing that you like more than all others
“These chocolates are my favourites.”,
“It was obvious which pupils were the teacher’s favourites.”
faworyt/ka
favorite
the person or animal that is most likely to win a competition
“The Dallas Cowboys are now favourites to win.”
całkiem, zupełnie
completely
in every way or as much as possible
“I completely forgot that you were coming.”,
“The two sisters are completely different from each other.”
pozwolenie
permission
If you give someone permission to do something, you allow them to do it.
“She gave him permission without asking any questions.”,
“He has permission to stay in the country for one more year.”,
“They even have to ask for permission before they go to the toilet.”,
“He took the car without permission.”
milion
million
the number 1,000,000
setki
million
a lot
“I’ve seen that film millions of times.”
oskarżon-y/a, pozwan-y/a
defendant
the person in a court who is accused of a crime
karabin, strzelba
rifle
a long gun that you hold against your shoulder when you shoot
przetrząsać, przeszukiwać
rifle
to quickly search through things, often in order to steal something
“I caught him rifling through my drawers.”
cel
objective
something that you are trying to achieve
“His main objective was to increase profits.”
obiektywny
objective
only influenced by facts and not by feelings
“I try to be objective when I criticize someone’s work.”
występować, wykonywać
perform
to entertain people by acting, singing, dancing, etc
“She has performed all over the world.”,
“The orchestra will perform music by Mozart.”
wykonywać, przeprowadzać
perform
to do a job or a piece of work
“In the future, many tasks will be performed by robots.”,
“Surgeons performed the operation in less than two hours.”
dobrze/źle itp. działać lub funkcjonować
perform
If something performs well, badly, etc, it works that way.
“These cars perform poorly at high speeds.”
wzdłuż, po
along
from one part of a road, river, etc to another
“a romantic walk along the beach”
wzdłuż, przy
along
in a line next to something long
“a row of new houses along the river”
przy
along
at a particular place on a road, river, etc
“Somewhere along this road there’s a garage.”
przed siebie
along
forward
“We were just walking along, chatting.”
nadejść, nadjechać
along
to arrive somewhere
“You wait ages for a bus and then three come along at once.”
zabierać kogoś (ze sobą)
along
to take someone with you to a place
“She asked if she could bring some friends along to the party.”
obok kogoś/czegoś
along
in addition to someone or something else
“California along with Florida is probably the most popular American holiday destination.”
żołnierz
soldier
a member of an army
stały, systematyczny
steady
happening at a gradual, regular rate
“steady economic growth “,
“He has had a steady flow/stream of visitors.”
pewny
steady
still and not shaking
“You need steady hands to be a dentist.”
stały, jednostajny
steady
not changing
“She drove at a steady speed.”
stała posada/praca
steady
a job that is likely to continue for a long time and pay you regular money
ustabilizować, przytrzymać
steady
to make something stop shaking or moving
“He managed to steady the plane.”
złapać równowagę
steady
to stop yourself from falling
“She grabbed hold of the rail to steady herself.”
trochę, odrobinę, nieco
somewhat
slightly
“We were somewhat disappointed with the food.”
zamiatać, zmiatać
sweep
to clean the floor using a brush
“She’s just swept the floor.”,
“He swept up the pieces of broken glass (= removed them from the floor with a brush).”
zostać porwanym lub uniesionym
sweep
to be pushed or carried along, often by something strong that you cannot control
“Many trees were swept away in the flood.”,
“They got swept along by the crowd.”
ogarniać, szerzyć się
sweep
to quickly affect a large area
“The disease is sweeping the country.”,
“Panic swept through the crowd.”
wkroczyć/paradować itp.
sweep
to move quickly, especially in a way that shows you think you are important
“She swept past me in the corridor.”
zamach
sweep
a long movement
“With a sweep of his arm, he gestured towards the garden.”
łuk
sweep
something shaped in a long curve
“a long sweep of sandy beach”
