Deck 0 Flashcards
pogoda
weather
the temperature or conditions outside, for example if it is hot, cold, sunny, etc
“The flight was delayed because of bad weather.”
stawiać czoło, przetrwać
weather
to deal with a difficult situation or difficult conditions
“to weather criticism/a recession”
gość, odwiedzający
visitor
someone who visits a person or place
“The museum attracts large numbers of visitors.”
rok
year
a period of 12 months, or 365 or 366 days, especially from 1 January to 31 December
“last year/next year “,
“He joined the company a year ago.”
rok akademicki/finansowy itp.
year
the period of a year that is used by universities/businesses, etc to organize their activities
mieć dwa lata /dwanaście/37 lat itp.
year
to be a particular age
“Her son is six years old.”
dwulatek/dwunastolatek/osoba trzydziestosiedmioletnia itp.
year
someone who is a particular age
rocznik
year
a group of students who start college or a course together
“He was in my year at school.”
całe wieki
year
a long time
“I haven’t seen Linda for years.”
głosować
vote
to show your choice or opinion in an election or meeting by writing a cross on an official piece of paper or putting your hand up
“Who did you vote for?”,
“The unions voted against strike action.”,
“Staff have voted to accept the pay offer.”
głos
vote
the act of showing your choice or opinion in an election or meeting by writing a cross on an official piece of paper or putting your hand up
“He lost the election by twenty votes.”
głosowanie
vote
a way of making a decision by asking a group of people to vote
“We called a meeting in order to take a vote on the proposal.”
głosy prawo wyborcze
vote
the total number of votes given or received in an electionthe right to vote in elections
“The Green party got 10% of the vote.”,
“In some countries women still don’t have the vote.”
ocena, notowanie
rating
a measurement of how good or popular something or someone is
“A high percentage of Americans gave the President a positive rating.”
ranking oglądalności
rating
a list of television and radio programmes showing how popular they are
widoczny
visible
able to be seen
“The fire was visible from five kilometres away.”
średni
medium
in the middle of a group of different amounts or sizes
“people of medium weight”,
“She bought a medium-sized car.”,
“The shirt comes in small, medium, and large.”
medium, środek (przekazu )
medium
a way of communicating or expressing something
“the medium of television/radio”,
“The Internet has become yet another medium for marketing.”
siatka
net
material made of crossed threads with holes between them
siatka, sieć
net
something made with a piece of net, for example for catching fish or insects, or for sports
“a fishing net”,
“a tennis/basketball net”
Internet
net
short for the Internet
netto
net
A net amount of money has had costs such as tax taken away from it.
“a net income/profit of 10,000 euros”
zarabiać (na czysto), przynosić
net
to get an amount of money as profit
“One trader netted a bonus of £1 million.”
trafić w siatkę , umieścić w bramce
net
to hit, throw, or kick a ball into a net
“He netted a great penalty.”
osiągnięcie
achievement
something good that you achieve
“This film is his greatest achievement to date.”
sukces
achievement
success in doing something good, usually by working hard
“You get such a sense of achievement when you finish the course.”
klasa
classroom
a room in a school where students have lessons
beton
concrete
a hard substance that is used in building and is made by mixing sand, water, small stones, and cement (= grey powder that is mixed with water and becomes hard when it dries)
“concrete blocks”
konkretny
concrete
certain or based on facts
“concrete evidence/proof “
konkretny
concrete
existing in a real form that can be seen or felt
“concrete achievements/actions”,
“concrete objects”
betonować
concrete
to cover something with concrete
nigdy
never
not ever, not one time
"”Have you ever been to Australia?” “No, never.””,
“I’ve never even thought about that before.”,
“She’ll never be able to have children.”,
“He just walked out of the door one day and never came back.”
wcale
never
used to emphasize something negative
“I never knew you lived around here.”
urlop
vacation
a period of time when you are not at home but are staying somewhere else for enjoyment
“We’re taking a vacation in Florida.”,
“We met Bob and Wendi on vacation.”
wakacje
vacation
a period of the year when schools or colleges are closed
“the summer vacation”,
“He’s on vacation for three months.”,
“The children have a six week vacation during the summer.”
spędzać gdzieś urlop
vacation
to go on vacation
“Sam was vacationing in Guatemala.”
móc coś zrobić , potrafić coś zrobić
able
to have the ability to do something or the possibility of doing something
“He’ll be able to help you.”,
“I wouldn’t be able to come at that time anyway.”
zdolny
able
clever or good at doing something
“She’s a very able student.”
dolina
valley
an area of low land between hills or mountains
przyzwyczajony do czegoś
used
If you are used to something, you have done it or experienced it many times before.
“He’s used to working long hours.”,
“We’ve been living here for two years and we’ve UK got used to/ US gotten used to the heat.”
używany
used
Something that is used is not new and has been owned by someone else.
“a used car “
uniwersytet
university
a place where students study at a high level to get a degree (= type of qualification)
“the University of Cambridge”,
“I applied to three universities.”,
“Sarah studied chemistry at university.”,
“I want to go to university when I finish school.”
umiejętność, zdolność
ability
the physical or mental skill or qualities that you need to do something
“athletic/academic ability”,
“He had the ability to explain things clearly.”,
“The report questions the technical ability of the staff.”
umieć, potrafić, móc
can
to be able to do something
“Anna can speak four languages.”,
“We can’t pay the rent.”,
“Can you drive?”
móc
can
to be allowed to do something
“You can’t park here.”,
“Can I go now?”
móc
can
used to ask someone to do or provide something
“Can you tell her to meet me outside?”,
“Can I have a drink of water?”
móc
can
used to politely offer to do something
“Can I carry those bags for you?”
móc
can
used to talk about what is possible
“You can buy stamps from the shop on the corner.”,
“Smoking can cause cancer.”
móc
can
used to talk about how someone often behaves or what something is often like
“She can be really rude at times.”,
“This area can be dangerous at night.”
móc
can
used to show surprise
“You can’t possibly be hungry already!”,
“Can you believe it?”
puszka
can
a closed, metal container for food or liquids
“a can of soup/beans”,
“a can of paint”
puszkować, ≈ w puszkach
can
to put food or drink into metal containers in a factory
“canned tomatoes”
contra
vs
written abbreviation for versus (= used to say that one team or person is competing against another)
obliczać
calculate
to discover an amount or number using mathematics
“to calculate a cost/percentage”
być obliczonym na coś
calculate
to be intended to have a particular effect
“His comments were calculated to embarrass the prime minister.”
świętowanie
celebration
an occasion when you celebrate a special day or event, or the act of celebrating
“Let’s buy some champagne in celebration of her safe arrival.”,
“You’ve passed? This calls for a celebration.”
używać
use
If you use something, you do something with it for a particular purpose.
“Can I use your pen?”,
“I paid for the tickets using my credit card.”,
“She uses her car for work.”,
“Nick used the money to buy a new computer.”
zużywać
use
to take an amount from a supply of something
“A shower uses less water than a bath.”
wykorzystywać
use
to treat someone badly in order to get what you want
“He was just using me to make his girlfriend jealous.”
używać
use
to say or write a particular word or phrase
“‘Autumn’ is used in British English and ‘fall’ in American English.”
przydałoby się coś
use
something that you say when you want or need something
“I could use some help with these packages, please.”
użytkowanie, użycie
use
the act of using something, or of being used
“an increase in the use of mobile phones”,
“Guests have free use of the hotel swimming pool.”,
“Turn the machine off when it’s not in use (= being used).”
użytek, zastosowanie
use
a purpose for which something is used
“A food processor has a variety of uses in the kitchen.”,
“Can you find a use for this box?”
przydać się
use
to be useful
“Is this book of any use to you?”
nie przydać się, być bezużytecznym
use
to not be useful
“His advice was no use at all.”
być bez sensu , nie mieć sensu
use
used to say that trying to do something has no effect
“It was no use talking to him - he wouldn’t listen.”,
“It’s no use! I just can’t get this lid off.”
znaczenie, kontekst użycia
use
one of the meanings of a word, or the way that a particular word is used
“Can you list all the uses of the verb ‘go’?”
użytkowanie czegoś , korzystanie z czegoś , władza w czymś
use
permission to use something, or the ability to use something
“Martin has offered me the use of his car.”,
“She lost the use of both legs in the accident.”
korzystać z czegoś
use
to use something that is available
“We were encouraged to make use of all the facilities.”
spać
sleep
to be in the state of rest when your eyes are closed, your body is not active, and your mind is unconscious
“We had to sleep in the car that night.”,
“Did you sleep well?”
mieścić czteryosoby/sześćosób itp.
sleep
If a place sleeps four, six, etc, it is big enough for that number of people to sleep in.
sen
sleep
the state you are in when you are sleeping, or a period of time when you are sleeping
“I haven’t had a good night’s sleep (= a long sleep at night) for weeks.”,
“You need to go home and get some sleep.”,
“It took me ages to get to sleep (= to succeed in sleeping).”,
“He died peacefully in his sleep.”
zasypiaćzdrętwieć
sleep
to begin to sleepIf part of your body goes to sleep, you cannot feel it.
“Babies often go to sleep after a feed.”,
“I’d been sitting on my feet and they’d gone to sleep.”
(dać) uśpić coś/kogoś
sleep
to kill an animal that is very old or sick
móc coś zrobić z zamkniętymi oczami
sleep
to be able to do something very easily
muzyk
musician
someone who plays a musical instrument, often as a job
“a talented jazz/classical musician”
zwycięstwo
victory
a win in a fight or competition
“Phoenix managed a 135-114 victory over Denver.”
sprzedaż
sales
the number of items sold
“Our sales have doubled this year.”
zbyt, dział sprzedaży lub zbytu
sales
the part of a company that deals with selling things
“I used to work in sales.”,
“a sales department “
pierś
breast
one of the two soft, round parts on a woman’s chest
pierś
breast
the front part of a bird’s body, or the meat from this area
“chicken breast”
niebezpieczny
dangerous
If someone or something is dangerous, they could harm you.
“a dangerous chemical”,
“It’s dangerous to ride a motorcycle without a helmet.”
gwiazda
star
a ball of burning gases that you see as a small point of light in the sky at night
gwiazda
star
a famous singer, actor, sports person, etc
“a pop star “
gwiazda
star
someone in a group of people who is the best at doing something
“Messi is one of our star players.”
gwiazda, gwiazdka
star
a shape that has five or more points
dwugwiazdkowy/trzygwiazdkowy itp. , z dwiema/trzema itp. gwiazdkami
star
used to show how good a restaurant or hotel is
“a five-star hotel”
horoskop
star
something you read that tells you what will happen to you based on the position of the stars in the sky
“My stars said it would be a good month for romance.”
występować w, grać (główną rolę ) w
star
If a film, play, etc stars someone, or if someone stars in a film, play, etc, they are the main person in it.
“a film starring Cameron Diaz”,
“Colin Firth starred in ‘The King’s Speech’.”
kryterium
criteria
a fact or level of quality that you use when making a choice or decision
“We have strict criteria for deciding which students will receive a grant.”
oddech
breath
the air that comes out of your lungs
“His breath smells of garlic.”
oddech
breath
the act of breathing air into or out of your lungs
“She took a deep breath before she started.”
nie móc złapać tchu
breath
to be breathing quickly because you have been running, walking fast, etc
złapać oddech
breath
to rest for a short time until you can breathe regularly again
pod nosem
breath
If you say something under your breath, you say it very quietly so that other people cannot hear it.
wstrzymać oddech
breath
to keep air in your lungs and not let it out
“How long can you hold your breath under water?”
nie spodziewaj się za dużo, jeszcze się nie ciesz
breath
something that you say in order to tell someone that an event is not likely to happen
“He said he’d phone, but don’t hold your breath.”
kochać
love
to like someone very much and have romantic or sexual feelings for them
“Last night he told me he loved me.”,
“I’ve only ever loved one woman.”
kochać, bardzo lubić
love
to like a friend or a person in your family very much
“I’m sure he loves his kids.”
uwielbiać
love
to enjoy something very much or have a strong interest in something
“He loves his music.”,
“Like any child, Josh loved toys.”,
“She loves animals.”,
“I love eating out.”
z przyjemnością
love
used to say that you would very much like to do something that someone is offering
"”I wondered if you’d like to meet up sometime?” “I’d love to.””
miłość
love
the feeling of liking someone very much and having romantic or sexual feelings for them
“He’s madly in love with (= he loves) her.”,
“I was 20 when I first fell in love (= started to love someone).”,
“a love song/story”
kochać się
love
to have sex
miłość
love
someone who you like very much and have a romantic or sexual relationship with
“He was my first love.”
miłość
love
the feeling of liking a friend or person in your family very much
“Nothing is as strong as the love you have for your kids.”
miłość, uwielbienie
love
something that interests you a lot
“his love of books”
uściski (od)
love
something you write at the end of a letter to a friend or someone in your family
“Love from UK Mum/ US Mom.”,
“All my love, Louise.”
kochanie
love
You call someone ‘love’ to show affection or to be friendly.
"”Margot?” “Yes, love.””,
“Two portions of chips please, love.”
zero
love
in games such as tennis, a score of zero
“She’s leading by two sets to love.”
sposób
way
how you do something
“I must find a way to help him.”,
“We looked at various ways of solving the problem.”,
“It was the way that she told me that I didn’t like.”
droga
way
the route you take to get from one place to another
“Is there another way out of here?”,
“I must buy a paper on the way home.”,
“Can you find your way back to my house?”,
“I took the wrong road and lost my way (= got lost).”
kierować się do/przez/ku itp.
way
to move somewhere, often with difficulty
“We made our way through the shop to the main entrance.”
być w drodze
way
to be arriving soon
“Apparently she’s on her way.”
komuś (nie) na drodze lub widoku
way
in/not in the area in front of someone that they need to pass or see through
“I couldn’t see because Bill was in the way.”,
“Sorry, am I in your way?”,
“Could you move out of the way, please?”
w jednej trzeciej /pod koniec itp.
way
used to say how much of something is completed
“A third of the way through the film she dies.”
przeszkadzać w czymś / komuś
way
to prevent someone from doing or continuing with something
“Don’t let your new friends get in the way of your studies.”
być w toku
way
to be already happening
“Building work is already under way.”
ulegać ( komuś/czemuś )ustępować ( komuś/czemuś ) pierwszeństwa przejazdu
way
to allow someone to get what they want, or to allow something to happen after trying to prevent itto allow other vehicles to go past before you move onto a road
“The boss finally gave way when they threatened to stop work.”
przeradzać się w coś , ustępować miejsca czemuś
way
to change into something else
“Her excitement quickly gave way to horror.”
zapadać się, poddać się
way
If something gives way, it falls because it is not strong enough to support the weight on top of it.
“Suddenly the ground gave way under me.”
mieć coś (już) z głowy , skończyć coś
way
to finish something
“I’ll go shopping when I’ve got this essay out of the way.”
kierunek, strona
way
a direction something faces or travels
“This bus is going the wrong way.”,
“Which way up does this picture go (= which side should be at the top)?”,
“He always wears his baseball cap the wrong way round (= backwards).”
droga, czas
way
an amount of space or time
“We’re a long way from home.”,
“The exams are still a long way away/off.”
posunąć się
way
to move away so that someone or something can pass
zrobić miejsce na coś
way
If you move or get rid of something to make way for something new, you do so in order to make a space for the new thing.
“They knocked down the old houses to make way for a new hotel.”
w pewnym sensie
way
used to say that you think something is partly true
“In a way his behaviour is understandable.”
w żadnym wypadku
way
not at all
“This is in no way your fault.”
nie ma mowy
way
If there is no way that something will happen, it is certainly not allowed or not possible.
“There’s no way that dog’s coming in the house.”
Nie ma mowy !
way
certainly not
"”Would you invite him to a party?” “No way!””
postawić na swoim
way
to get what you want, although it might upset other people
“She always gets her own way in the end.”
na dużą /małą skalę
way
used to describe how much or little you do a particular thing
“They celebrate birthdays in a big way.”
( czyjś ) sposób na życie, ( czyjś ) chleb powszedni
way
the way someone lives
“Violence has become a way of life there.”
o wiele, bardzo
way
used to emphasize how extreme something is
“The room was way too hot.”,
“He’s in second place but he’s way behind/off.”
niekoniecznie
necessarily
not for certain
“That’s not necessarily true.”,
“I know she doesn’t say much, but it doesn’t necessarily mean she’s not interested.”
podejrzan-y/a
suspect
someone who may have committed a crime
“He’s the prime suspect (= the most likely suspect) in the murder case.”
podejrzany
suspect
difficult to trust or believe
“His explanation was highly suspect.”
podejrzewać
suspect
to think that someone may have committed a crime or done something bad
“He was suspected of drug dealing.”,
“suspected terrorists”
podejrzewać
suspect
to think that something is probably true, or is likely to happen
“They suspected that he was lying.”
nie ufać, wątpić w
suspect
to not trust someone or something
“She suspected his motives for offering to help.”
obsadzać
cast
to choose an actor for a particular part in a film or play
“Why am I always cast as the villain?”
rzucać
cast
to throw something
rzucać
cast
to send light or shadow (= dark shapes) in a particular direction
“The moon cast a white light into the room.”
stawiać kogoś/coś w wątpliwym świetle /rzucać podejrzenie na kogoś/coś
cast
to make people feel less sure about or have less trust in someone or something
“A leading scientist has cast doubts on government claims that the drug is safe.”
oddać głos
cast
to vote
oczarować kogoś rzucać czar na kogoś
cast
to seem to use magic to attract someoneto use magic to make something happen to someone
“The city had cast a spell on me and I never wanted to leave.”
odlewać
cast
to make an object by pouring hot metal into a container of a particular shape
obsada
cast
all the actors in a film or play
“The cast are in rehearsal at the moment.”
gips
cast
a hard cover used to keep a broken bone in the correct position until it gets better
unikać, omijać
avoid
to stay away from a person, place, situation, etc
“He’s been avoiding me all week.”,
“Try to avoid the city centre.”
unikać
avoid
to prevent something from happening
“Book early to avoid disappointment.”,
“Pierre braked to avoid hitting the dog.”
unikać czegoś
avoid
to intentionally not do something
“She managed to avoid answering my question.”
nieobecność
absence
a time when you are not in a particular place
“Lisa will be acting as manager in Phil’s absence (= while Phil is not here).”,
“A large number of absences from work are caused by back problems.”
brak
absence
the fact of not existing
“In the absence of any proof, it is impossible to accuse her.”
sprzedawać
sell
to give something to someone who gives you money for it
“He sold his guitar for $50.”,
“I sold my bike to Claire.”,
“I’m hoping she’ll sell me her car.”
sprzedawać, prowadzić
sell
to offer something for people to buy
“Excuse me, do you sell newspapers?”
kosztować ileś
sell
to be available for sale at a particular price
“The shirts are selling for £30 each.”
sprzedawać się (w liczbie )
sell
to be bought in large numbers
“His last book sold eight million copies.”
napędzać sprzedaż
sell
to make someone want to buy something
“Scandal sells newspapers.”
sprzedać, poddać
sell
to persuade someone that an idea or plan is good
“I’m currently trying to sell the idea to my boss.”
kojarzyć
associate
to relate two things, people, etc in your mind
“Most people associate this brand with good quality.”
współpracowni-k/czka
associate
someone who you know because of work or business
“She’s a business associate of mine.”
zastęp-ca/czyni dyrektora /redaktora /realizatora itp.
associate
someone in a slightly less important position than the main person
różnić się
vary
If things of the same type vary, they are different from each other.
“Car prices vary greatly across Europe.”,
“Roses vary widely in size and shape.”
zmieniać się
vary
to change
“Temperatures vary depending on the time of year.”
urozmaicać
vary
to often change something that you do
“I try to vary what I eat.”
kupując-y/a, nabywca
buyer
someone who buys something
nadużywanie, nadużycie
abuse
the use of something for the wrong purpose in a way that is harmful or morally wrong
“drug/alcohol abuse “,
“abuse of public money”
przemoc
abuse
violent, cruel treatment of someone
“child abuse “,
“sexual abuse “
obelgi
abuse
rude and offensive words said to another person
“Rival fans shouted abuse at each other.”
znęcać się nad
abuse
to treat someone cruelly and violently
“He was physically abused by his alcoholic father.”
nadużywać
abuse
to use something for the wrong purpose in a way that is harmful or morally wrong
“to abuse alcohol”
ubliżać
abuse
to say rude and offensive words to someone
“The crowd started abusing him.”
guzik
button
a small, round object that you push through a hole to fasten clothing
“to do up/undo your buttons “
przycisk, guzik
button
a switch that you press to control a piece of equipment
“Press the play button to listen to your recording.”
zapinać (na guziki )
button
to fasten a piece of clothing with buttons
“Jack buttoned up his jacket.”
zadanie, delegacja
assignment
a piece of work or job that you are given to do
“a written assignment”,
“He’s on assignment in Brazil.”
ciągły
constantly
happening a lot or all the time
“These machines are in constant use.”,
“She’s in constant pain.”
stały
constantly
staying at the same level
“The temperature remained constant.”
obowiązek
obligation
something that you do because it is your duty or because you feel you have to
“a moral/legal obligation “,
“to fulfil an obligation “,
“He was under no obligation to answer any questions.”,
“Parents have an obligation to make sure their children receive a proper education.”
demokracja
democracy
a system of government in which people elect their leaders, or a country with this system
uczenie się, nauka, wiedza
learning
the process of getting knowledge or a new skill
“language learning”
żywy
alive
living, not dead
“Are your grandparents still alive?”
tętniący życiem , ożywiony
alive
full of activity and excitement
“The bar was alive with the sound of laughter.”,
“The city comes alive at night.”
żywy
alive
continuing to exist
“Local people are fighting to keep the language alive.”
stopień
degree
a unit for measuring temperature, shown by the symbol ° written after a number
stopień
degree
a unit for measuring angles, shown by the symbol ° written after a number
stopień naukowy
degree
a qualification given for completing a university course
“She has a degree in physics.”
stopień
degree
an amount or level of something
“They had a certain degree of success.”,
“I agree with you to a degree (= in some ways but not completely).”
płaca
wage
the amount of money a person regularly receives for their job
“weekly wages”,
“the minimum wage “
prowadzić walkę /kampanię /wojnę itp.
wage
to fight or organize a series of activities in order to achieve something
“They’re currently waging a campaign to change the law.”
kartka
card
a folded piece of stiff paper with a picture on the front and a message inside that you send to someone on a special occasion
“a birthday card “
karta
card
a piece of stiff paper or plastic that has information printed on it
“a library card”,
“This phone accepts coins and cards.”
karta
card
one of a set of 52 pieces of stiff paper with numbers and pictures used for playing games
“a pack of cards/ US a deck of cards”,
“We spent the evening playing cards (= playing games using cards).”
karton
card
thick, stiff paper
kartka, pocztówka
card
a postcard (= card with a picture on one side that you send without an envelope)
karta
card
a part inside a computer that controls how the computer operates
“a graphics/sound card”
to zależy
depend
used to say that you are not certain about something because other things affect your answer
"”Are you coming out tonight?” “It depends where you’re going.””
góra, szczyt
top
the highest part of something
“They were waiting for him at the top of the stairs.”,
“I want a cake with cherries on top.”
wierzch, blat
top
the flat, upper surface of something
“the table top”
pokrywka, wieczko, nakrętka
top
the lid or cover of a container, pen, etc
“Put the top back on the bottle.”
góra, bluzka
top
a piece of women’s clothing worn on the upper part of the body
bąk
top
a toy that turns round and round when you move its handle up and down
czołówka
top
the most important position in a company, team, etc
“At forty he was already at the top of his profession.”
na cały głos
top
shouting very loudly
czołowy, najlepszy
top
the best, most important, or most successful
“He’s one of the country’s top athletes.”
górny, najwyższy
top
at the highest part of something
“I can’t reach the top shelf.”,
“I had to undo the top button of my jeans.”
przebić, przewyższyć
top
to be better or more than something
“I don’t think film makers will ever top ‘Gone With The Wind’.”
być z dodatkiem czegoś
top
to be covered with something
“lemon tart topped with cream”
zdesperowany
desperate
feeling that you have no hope and are ready to do anything to change the situation you are in
“He was absolutely desperate and would have tried anything to get her back.”
zdesperowany
desperate
needing or wanting something very much
“By two o’clock I was desperate for something to eat.”
rozpaczliwy
desperate
A desperate situation is very bad or serious.
“The economy is in a really desperate situation.”
nigdzie
nowhere
not anywhere
“The room was very crowded - there was nowhere to sit.”,
“We had nowhere else to go.”,
“Nowhere was the lack of skilled workers more apparent than in the engineering section.”
ni stąd, ni zowąd
nowhere
If someone or something appears out of nowhere, they appear suddenly or unexpectedly.
“The car came out of nowhere and we had to swerve to miss it.”
ważyć się, być stawką
stake
If something is at stake, it is in a situation where it might be lost or damaged.
“We have to act quickly - people’s lives are at stake.”
udział
stake
a part of a business that you own, or an amount of money that you have invested in a business
“He has a 30 percent stake in the company.”
słup
stake
a strong stick with a pointed end that you push into the ground
“a wooden stake”
zgłaszać roszczenie
stake
to say that you want something and that you should have it
mój, swój
my
belonging to or relating to the person who is speaking or writing
“Tom’s my older son.”,
“It’s not my fault.”,
“My house is near the station.”
niewolni-k/ca
slave
someone who is owned by someone else and has to work for them
“He treats his mother like a slave.”
być niewolnikiem czegoś
slave
to be completely controlled or influenced by something
“You’re a slave to fashion.”
harować
slave
to work very hard
“Giorgio was slaving away at his homework.”
przez, w poprzek
across
from one side of something to the other
“I was walking across the road.”,
“They’ve built a new bridge across the river.”
po drugiej stronie
across
on the opposite side of
“There’s a library just across the street.”
na szerokość, szerokości , w poprzek
across
used after a measurement to show how wide something is
“The window measures two metres across.”
słaby
weak
not physically strong
“He felt too weak to sit up.”,
“The children were weak with/from hunger.”
słaby
weak
not powerful, or not having a strong character
“a weak government/leader”
słaby
weak
likely to fail
“a weak economy”,
“a weak team”
słaby
weak
likely to break and not able to support heavy things
“a weak bridge”
słaby
weak
A weak drink has little taste or contains little alcohol.
“weak coffee/beer”
słaby
weak
A weak reason or excuse is one that you cannot believe because there is not enough proof to support it.
słaby
weak
not good at something
“She reads well but her spelling is weak.”
słaby
weak
difficult to see or hear
“He spoke in a weak voice.”,
“a weak light”
słaby
weak
describes an acid, alkali or chemical base that does not produce many ions (= atoms with an electrical charge) when it is dissolved in water
zmniejszać, obniżać, redukować
reduce
to make something less
“to reduce air pollution”,
“Prices have been reduced by almost 50 percent.”,
“The number of employees was reduced from 500 to 300.”
redukować
reduce
to add one or more electrons to a substance or to remove oxygen from a substance
obsługiwać, podawać
serve
to give someone food or drink, especially guests or customers in a restaurant or bar
“We’re not allowed to serve alcohol to anyone under 18.”
obsługiwać
serve
to help customers and sell things to them in a shop
“Are you being served?”
służyć, zasiadać
serve
to do work that helps society, for example in an organization such as the army or the government
“to serve in the army”,
“to serve on a committee/jury”,
“He served as mayor for 5 years.”
służyć
serve
to be useful as something
“It’s a very entertaining film but it also serves an educational purpose.”,
“The spare bedroom also serves as a study.”,
“He hopes his son’s death will serve to warn others about the dangers of owning a gun.”
odbywać
serve
to be in prison for a period of time
“Williams, 42, is serving a four-year jail sentence.”
serwować
serve
in a sport such as tennis, the action of throwing the ball up into the air and then hitting it towards the other player
porcja dla jednej/dwóch/czterech itp. osób
serve
If an amount of food serves a particular number, it is enough for that number of people.
serw, serwis
serve
in sports such as tennis, the act of throwing the ball up into the air and hitting it towards the other player to start play
pani
Ms
a title for a woman, used before her family name or full name
“Ms Holly Fox”
SM (= = sclerosis multiplex, stwardnienie rozsiane)
Ms
abbreviation for multiple sclerosis (= a serious disease that gradually makes it difficult for a person to see, speak, or move)
absolutny , całkowity, zupełny
absolute
complete
“absolute power/control”,
“The party was an absolute disaster.”
jednoznaczny
absolute
definite
“There was no absolute proof of fraud.”
północny
northern
in or from the north part of an area
“Northern England”,
“a northern accent”
nic
nothing
not anything
“I’ve had nothing to eat since breakfast.”,
“He claimed that he did nothing wrong.”,
“He had nothing in his pockets.”,
“There was nothing else (= no other thing) I could do to help.”,
“She did nothing but criticize (= criticized a lot).”
nic
nothing
not something important or of value
“He’s a dangerous person - human life means nothing to him.”,
“A thousand pounds is nothing to a woman of her wealth.”
na nic, na darmo
nothing
without a successful result
“I’ve come all this way for nothing.”
nie być czyjąś sprawą
nothing
If something is or has nothing to do with you, you have no good reason to know about it or be involved with it.
“I wish he wouldn’t offer advice on my marriage - it’s nothing to do with him.”
nie mieć z kimś/czymś nic wspólnego
nothing
to have no connection or influence with someone or something
“He made his own decision - I had nothing to do with it.”
nie mówiąc już o czymś
nothing
used to emphasize other problems you have not talked about
“Most wild otters have disappeared from populated areas, to say nothing of wilderness areas.”
nic lub nikt w tym rodzaju , nic z tych rzeczy
nothing
used to emphasize that something is not true
“He said that he was a legitimate businessman - in fact, he was nothing of the sort.”
Nie ma za co.
nothing
a polite reply to someone who has thanked you for doing something
tendencja
tendency
something that someone often does, or something that often happens
“She has a tendency to talk for too long.”,
“There is a growing tendency for companies to employ people on short contracts.”
razem, ze sobą
together
with each other
“We went shopping together.”,
“They live together.”
ze sobą
together
used to say that two or more things are joined to each other, mixed with each other, etc
“She tied the two pieces of rope together.”
razem
together
in the same place or close to each other
“We all sat together.”
jednocześnie
together
at the same time
“We’ll deal with the next two items on the list together.”
(razem) z czymś
together
in addition to something
“She sent some flowers together with a card.”
zorganizowany
together
Someone who is together thinks clearly and organizes their life well.
reporter/ka
reporter
someone whose job is to discover information about news events and describe them on television, radio, or in a newspaper
aktor
actor
someone, especially a man, whose job is to perform in plays and films
kot
cat
a small animal with fur, four legs, and a tail that is kept as a pet
kot
cat
a large, wild animal that is related to the cat, such as the lion
zachowanie
behavior
the way that you behave
“good/bad behaviour “,
“Did you notice anything odd about his behaviour?”
czynny, aktywny
active
very involved in an organization or planned activity
“an active member of the church”,
“He played an active role in the campaign.”
pełen wigoru , energiczny
active
doing a lot of things, or moving around a lot
“Even at the age of 80 she’s still very active.”
w stronie czynnej
active
An active verb or sentence is one in which the subject of the verb is the person or thing doing the action. For example ‘Andy drove the car.’ is an active sentence.
aktywny
active
An active volcano could throw out rocks, fire, etc at any time.
aparat (fotograficzny), kamera
camera
a piece of equipment used to take photographs or to make films
“a digital camera”,
“a television camera”
obchodzić
celebrate
to do something enjoyable because it is a special day, or because something good has happened
“Do you celebrate Christmas in your country?”
przejście, przemiana
transition
a change from one system or method to another, often a gradual one
“The country is in the process of making the transition from military rule to democracy.”
zboże
corn
a crop of grain, or the seed from this crop used to make flour or feed animals
“fields of corn”
kukurydza
corn
a tall plant with yellow seeds that are cooked and eaten as a vegetable
przywracać
restore
to make something good exist again
“Three wins in a row helped restore the team’s confidence.”,
“Peace has now been restored in the region.”
odnawiać, restaurować
restore
to repair something old
“to restore antiques “
zwracać
restore
to give something back to the person it was stolen from or who lost it
“The painting was restored to its rightful owner.”
(aż) do, aż, dopóki nie
until
continuing to happen before a particular time or event and then stopping
“The show will be on until the end of the month.”,
“Whisk the egg whites until they look white and fluffy.”
aż, dopóki nie
until
as far as
“Carry on until you reach the traffic lights and turn right.”
nie przed, dopiero
until
not before a particular time or event
“It doesn’t open until 7.”,
“We won’t start until Jeanne arrives.”
poszukiwać, szukać
seek
to try to find or get something
“to seek advice/a solution”
zabiegać o, ubiegać się o
seek
to try to do something
“They are seeking to change the rules.”,
“to seek re-election”
pobliski, w pobliżu
nearby
not far away
“a nearby town/village”,
“An old friend of mine has just moved nearby.”
głos
voice
the sounds that you make when you speak or sing
“I could hear voices in the next room.”,
“Jessie has a beautiful singing voice.”,
“Could you please keep your voices down (= speak more quietly)?”,
“He raised his voice (= spoke more loudly) so that everyone could hear.”
tracić głos
voice
to become unable to speak, often because of an illness
“She had a bad cold and was losing her voice.”
głos
voice
someone’s opinion about a particular subject
“The programme gives people the opportunity to make their voices heard.”
głos, rzeczni-k/czka
voice
someone who expresses the opinions or wishes of a group of people
“It’s important that students have a voice on the committee.”
wyrażać
voice
to say what you think about a particular subject
“He has voiced concern about the new proposals.”
zastępować, wymieniać
replace
to start using another thing or person instead of the one that you are using now
“We’re thinking of replacing our old TV with a fancy new one.”
zastępować
replace
to start to be used instead of the thing or person that is being used now
“This system will replace the old one.”
wymieniać, zastępować, odkupować
replace
to get something new because the one you had before has been lost or damaged
“We’ll have to replace this carpet soon.”
odkładać
replace
to put something back in the place where it usually is
“She picked up the books and carefully replaced them on the shelf.”
postrzegać
perceive
to think of something or someone in a particular way
“The British are often perceived as being very formal.”
dostrzegać, zauważać
perceive
to notice something that is not easy to notice
“We perceived a faint light in the distance.”
krzyczeć
shout
to say something very loudly
"”Look out!” she shouted.”,
“I was angry and I shouted at him.”,
“I shouted out her name but she didn’t hear me.”
krzyk
shout
the sound made when you say something very loudly or make a very loud sound with your voice
“He was woken by a loud shout.”
typowy, charakterystyczny
typical
having all the qualities you expect a particular person, object, place, etc to have
“typical German food”,
“This style of painting is typical of Monet.”
uważny, ostrożny
carefully
giving a lot of attention to what you are doing so that you do not have an accident, make a mistake, or damage something
“careful planning/consideration”,
“Be careful, Michael - that knife’s very sharp.”,
“We were careful to avoid the midday sun.”
pozwalać, zezwalać na
allow
to give someone permission for something
“Smoking is not allowed in the restaurant.”,
“Are dogs allowed in the hotel?”,
“You are not allowed to use calculators UK in the exam/US on the exam.”,
“Patients are not allowed visitors after nine o’clock.”
pozwalać, dopuszczać do
allow
to not prevent something from happening
“They have allowed the problem to get worse.”
pozwalać
allow
to make it possible for someone to do something
“The extra money will allow me to upgrade my computer.”
przewidywać, zarezerwować (sobie)
allow
to plan to use a particular amount of money, time, etc for something
“Allow three hours for the whole journey.”
pierścionek, pierścień, obrączka
ring
a round piece of jewellery that you wear on your finger
“a wedding ring “,
“a gold ring”
krąg
ring
something that is the shape of a circle
“The children sat in a ring around the teacher.”
dzwonek, dzwonienie
ring
the sound a bell makes
“The ring of the doorbell woke him up.”
siatka przestępcza /narkotykowa /szpiegowska itp.
ring
a group of people who are involved in an illegal activity together
ring/arena
ring
an area with seats around it where boxers (= people fighting) or people in a circus (= show) perform
przedzwonić lub zadzwonić do kogoś
ring
to telephone someone
“If you want anything, just give me a ring.”
dzwonić
ring
If something rings, it makes the sound of a bell, and if you ring a bell, you cause it to make a sound.
“The phone’s ringing.”,
“I rang the doorbell.”
dzwonić (do)
ring
to telephone someone
“Have you rung your mother?”,
“I’ve rung for a taxi.”
szumieć, dzwonić
ring
If your ears are ringing, you can hear a loud sound after the sound has stopped.
otaczać, okrążać
ring
to make a circle around something
“Dozens of armed police ringed the building.”
uszkodzenie
damage
harm or injury
“He suffered brain damage in the car crash.”,
“The strong wind caused serious damage to the roof.”
niszczyć, szkodzić
damage
to harm or break something
“Many buildings were damaged in the storm.”,
“Smoking can seriously damage your health.”
rówieśni-k/czka, równy
peer
someone who is the same age, or who has the same social position or abilities as other members of a group
“Most teenagers want to be accepted by their peers.”
par
peer
in the UK, a person who has a title and a high social position
spoglądać na/w/przez itp.
peer
to look carefully or with difficulty
“She peered at me over her glasses.”
zaspokajać
satisfy
to please someone by giving them what they want or need
“They sell 31 flavours of ice cream - enough to satisfy everyone!”
spełniać warunki /potrzeby /wymagania itp.
satisfy
to have or provide something that is needed or wanted
“She satisfies all the requirements for the job.”
przekonać lub upewnić kogoś , że
satisfy
to make someone believe that something is true
“I satisfied myself that I had locked the door.”
głośnik
speaker
the part of a radio, CD player, etc which the sound comes out of
osoba mówiąca po angielsku /francusku /niemiecku itp.
speaker
someone who can speak English/French, etc
prelegent/ka
speaker
someone who makes a speech to a group of people
“a guest speaker “
cecha (charakterystyczna )
characteristic
a typical or obvious quality that makes one person or thing different from others
“a national characteristic”,
“Does he have any distinguishing physical characteristics?”
charakterystyczny
characteristic
typical of someone or something
“Grey stone is characteristic of buildings in that area.”,
“With characteristic generosity, she offered to pay for us all.”
chłopak
boyfriend
a man or boy who someone is having a romantic relationship with
wybór
choice
a situation in which you can choose between two or more things
“If I had a choice, I’d give up work.”,
“He had no choice but to accept their offer.”,
“They had no choice other than to surrender.”,
“I’m single by choice (= because I want to be).”
wybór
choice
the decision to choose one thing or person and not someone or something else
“In the past women had to make a choice between a career or marriage.”,
“The choice depends on what you’re willing to spend.”
wybór
choice
the things or people you can choose from
“The dress is available in a choice of colours.”,
“The evening menu offers a wide choice of dishes.”
wybór
choice
the person or thing that someone has chosen
“Harvard was not his first choice.”,
“The winner got 1000 euros to give to the charity of her choice.”
wyborowy
choice
of very good quality
“the choicest cuts of meat”
filiżanka
cup
a small, round container with a handle on the side, used to drink from
“a cup of tea/coffee”
puchar
cup
a prize given to the winner of a competition, or the name of the competition
“the World Cup”
ćwierć litra
cup
a measurement of amounts of food used in cooking
trzymać w dłoniach , składać
cup
to make your hands into the shape of a cup, or to hold something with your hands in this shape
