Deck 17 Flashcards
strona
side
one of the two parts that something would divide into if you drew a line down the middle
“In most countries people drive on the right side of the road.”,
“Which side of the bed do you sleep on?”,
“They were on the other side of the room.”
bok
side
a flat, outer surface of an object, especially one that is not its top, bottom, front, or back
“The ingredients are listed on the side of the box.”,
“The side of the car was badly scratched.”
bok
side
one edge of something
“A square has four sides.”,
“There were chairs round the sides of the room.”
bok, strona
side
the area next to something
“trees growing by the side of the road”,
“There were flowers in pots on either side of the front door.”,
“There’s a tree on the right side of the house.”
strona
side
either of the two surfaces of a thin, flat object such as a piece of paper or a coin
“Write on both sides of the paper.”,
“Grill the fish for 2 to 3 minutes on each side.”
strona
side
one of the people or groups who are arguing, fighting, or competing
“Whose side is he on?”,
“Whenever we argue he always takes Alice’s side (= gives support to Alice).”
drużyna
side
the players in a sports team
“He’s been selected for the national side.”
strona
side
part of a situation that can be considered or dealt with separately
“She looks after the financial side of things.”
strona, cecha
side
a part of someone’s character
“She has a very practical side.”
bok
side
the two areas of your body from under your arms to the tops of your legs
“Stand with your arms by your sides.”,
“She lay on her side.”
wersja
side
Someone’s side of a story is the way in which they explain how something happened.
“I thought I’d better listen to Clare’s side of the story.”,
“So far they’d only heard the story from the wife’s side.”
kanał
side
a number on a television that you can choose in order to receive a broadcast
“Which side is the film on?”
na boki , z boku na bok
side
If something moves from side to side, it moves from left to right and back again repeatedly.
“swinging from side to side”
obok siebie
side
If two things or people are side by side, they are next to each other.
“sitting side by side on the sofa”,
“Alex laid them down side by side on the table.”
strona
side
the part of your family who are either your mother’s relatives or your father’s relatives
“They tend to be tall on my mother’s side of the family.”
natychmiast
immediately
now or without waiting or thinking about something
“You have to come home immediately.”,
“The cause of the problem wasn’t immediately obvious.”
bezpośrednio, zaraz
immediately
next to something, or close to something in time
“There are fields immediately behind the house.”,
“Cole scored again immediately after half-time.”
gdy tylko
immediately
as soon as
“Immediately I saw her I knew something terrible had happened.”
prawidłowy, poprawny
correct
accurate, or having no mistakes
“Check that you have the correct information.”,
“Was that the correct answer?”
prawidłowy, poprawny
correct
suitable for a particular situation
“correct behaviour”,
“Have you got the correct number of players for the match?”
poprawiać
correct
to make a mistake or problem right or better
“The new software finds and corrects any errors on the hard disk.”
poprawiać, korygować
correct
to improve the quality of something
“These contact lenses will help to correct your vision.”
poprawiać
correct
to show someone the mistakes in something they have said or written
“Our teacher normally corrects our pronunciation.”
reforma
reform
changes made to improve a system, organization, or law
“economic/political reform “,
“Students have called for reforms in the admission process.”
reformować
reform
to change a system, organization, or law in order to improve it
“efforts to reform the education system”
resocjalizować (się), poprawiać (się)
reform
to change your behaviour and stop doing bad things, or to make someone else do this
“a programme to reform criminals”,
“a reformed drug addict”
powszechnie, dużo
widely
including a lot of different places, people, subjects, etc
“widely known”,
“He has travelled widely in Europe.”
znacznie się różnić
widely
to be very different
“Prices vary widely from shop to shop.”
ubierać (się)
dress
to put clothes on yourself or someone else
“I usually get dressed before having breakfast.”,
“My husband usually dresses the children for school.”
ubierać się
dress
to wear a particular type, style, or colour of clothes
“Ali always dresses smartly for work.”,
“She was dressed in black.”
opatrzyć oparzenie/ranę itp.
dress
to clean an injury and put a covering over it to protect it
sukienka
dress
a piece of clothing for women or girls that covers the top of the body and hangs down over the legs
“She was wearing a short, black dress.”
strój, ubranie
dress
a particular style of clothes
“casual/formal dress”
szef/owa
boss
someone who is responsible for employees and tells them what to do
“I’ll ask my boss if I can leave work early tomorrow.”
rozkazywać
boss
to tell someone what they should do all the time
“My older brother is always bossing me about.”
kogo, którego, których
whom
used instead of ‘who’ as the object of a verb or preposition
“I met a man with whom I used to work.”
każdy
every
each one of a group of people or things
“He knows the name of every child in the school.”,
“Every one of the paintings was a fake.”
każdy, co
every
used to show that something is repeated regularly
“He goes to Spain every summer.”,
“Take the antibiotics every four hours.”
jak najwięcej, każdy możliwy
every
as much as is possible
“I’d like to wish you every success in your new job.”,
“Every effort is being made to solve the problem.”
od czasu do czasu/co jakiś czas
every
sometimes, but not often
“We still meet up every now and then.”
co piąty/dziesiąty itp. , jeden na pięć/dziesięć itp.
every
used to show how many people or things in a group are affected by or involved in something
zupa
soup
a hot, liquid food, made from vegetables, meat, or fish
“chicken/tomato soup”
ramię, bark
shoulder
where your arm joins your body next to your neck
“She looked over her shoulder.”,
“He put his arm around my shoulder.”
pobocze
shoulder
the area on the edge of a main road, where a car can stop in an emergency
brać na siebie winę /ciężar/odpowiedzialność itp.
shoulder
to accept that you are responsible for something difficult or bad
grzeczność
favor
something that you do to help someone
“Could you do me a favour please?”,
“I wanted to ask you a favour.”
być zwolennikiem czegoś , być za czymś
favor
to agree with or approve of a plan or idea
“Most people are in favour of reducing traffic in cities.”
na korzyść lub rzecz kogoś/czegoś
favor
If you refuse or get rid of someone or something in favour of someone or something else, you choose them instead.
“They dropped him from the team in favour of a much younger player.”
na czyjąś korzyśćna czyjąś korzyść
favor
If something is in your favour, it helps you to win or succeed.If a game, vote, or judgment is in someone’s favour, they win.
“Both sides have strong arguments in their favour.”,
“The final score was 16-10 in England’s favour.”
uznanie
favor
approval of something or someone
“Her work never found favour among the critics.”
cieszyć się/nie cieszyć się popularnością
favor
to be popular/unpopular
“He has fallen out of favour recently.”
upodobać sobie, preferować
favor
to choose or prefer one possibility
“These are the running shoes favoured by marathon runners.”
faworyzować
favor
to act unfairly by treating one person better than another
“She always felt that her parents favoured her brother.”
rada
advice
suggestions about what you think someone should do or how they should do something
“She asked me for advice about writing a book.”,
“There’s a booklet giving advice on how to set up your own club.”,
“I took your advice (= did what you suggested) and went home early.”,
“Can I give you a piece of advice?”
ciągły
constant
happening a lot or all the time
“These machines are in constant use.”,
“She’s in constant pain.”
stały
constant
staying at the same level
“The temperature remained constant.”
chwytać, łapać
grab
to take hold of something or someone suddenly
“He grabbed my arm and pulled me away.”
złapać
grab
to eat, do, or get something quickly because you do not have much time
“I grabbed a sandwich on the way to the station.”
zwracać czyjąś uwagę
grab
to attract someone’s attention
“The advertisement is designed to grab people’s attention.”
łapać
grab
If someone grabs a chance or opportunity, they take it quickly and with enthusiasm.
rzucać się na coś/kogoś lub do czegoś lub po coś /na
grab
to try to take hold of something or someone suddenly
“He made a grab for the gun.”
znaczenie, waga
importance
how important someone or something is
“He emphasized the importance of following safety procedures.”,
“She attaches a lot of importance to personal possessions (= she thinks they are important).”
popyt
demand
a need for something to be sold or supplied
“There’s an increasing demand for cheap housing.”
żądanie
demand
a strong request
“They received a final demand for payment.”
pożądany
demand
wanted or needed in large numbers
“Good teachers are always in demand.”
żądać, domagać się
demand
to ask for something in a way that shows that you do not expect to be refused
“I demanded an explanation.”,
“The survivors are demanding that the airline pays them compensation.”
wymagać
demand
to need something such as time or effort
“This job demands a high level of concentration.”
specjalnie
specifically
for a particular reason, purpose, etc
“They’re designed specifically for children.”,
“She bought it specifically to wear at the wedding.”
wyraźnie, dokładnie
specifically
exactly or in detail
“I specifically told them that she doesn’t eat meat.”
kognitywny, poznawczy
cognitive
relating to how people think, understand, and learn
przeprowadzać się, przenosić się, wyprowadzać się
move
If a person or an organization moves, they go to a different place to live or work.
“Eventually, he moved to Germany.”,
“She’s moving into a new apartment.”,
“Our children have all moved away.”
przenosić (się), przesuwać (się), ruszać (się)
move
to change place or position, or to make something change place or position
“We moved the chairs to another room.”,
“I can’t cut your hair if you keep moving.”,
“Someone was moving around upstairs.”
przystępować do realizacji
move
to make progress with something that you have planned to do
“The department is moving ahead with changes to its teaching programme.”
podejmować kroki
move
to take action
“The company moved swiftly to find new products.”
przesuwać
move
to change the time or order of something
“We need to move the meeting back a few days.”
poruszać
move
to make someone have strong feelings of sadness or sympathy
“I was deeply moved by his speech.”,
“Many people were moved to tears (= were so sad they cried).”
przeprowadzać się, wyprowadzać się
move
to leave your home in order to live in a new one
ruch, posunięcie
move
something that you do in order to achieve something or to make progress in a situation
"”I’ve told her she’s got to find somewhere else to live.” “Good move!””,
“The latest policies are clearly a move towards democracy.”,
“a good career move “
przeprowadzka
move
an occasion when you go to live or work in a different place
“The move will cost us a lot of money.”
zrobić ruchzbierać się (do wyjścia )
move
to change from one place or position to anotherto leave somewhere
“He made a move as if to leave.”,
“I’d better make a move or I’ll be late.”
wśród, między, pomiędzy
among
in the middle of something
“He disappeared among the crowd.”
wśród
among
in a particular group
“The decision will not be popular among students.”,
“I’m going to give you a minute to talk amongst yourselves (= talk to each other).”
wśród
among
to be one of a small group
“He is among the top five tennis players in the country.”
między, pomiędzy
among
to each one in a group
“She divided the cake among the children.”
prawny
legal
relating to the law
“legal action/advice”,
“the legal profession/system”
legalny
legal
allowed by law
“Is it legal to carry a handgun?”
każdy
everybody
another word for everyone
opona
tire
US spelling of tyre
męczyć (się)
tire
to become tired or to make someone become tired
“He tires easily.”
handel
trade
the buying and selling of large numbers of goods or services, especially between countries
“a trade agreement/dispute “,
“They rely heavily on trade with Europe.”,
“The laws ban the international trade in ivory.”
branża
trade
a particular area of business or industry
“the building/tourist trade”
zawód, fach
trade
someone’s job, especially one which needs skill in using their hands
“He’s a builder by trade.”
handlować
trade
to buy and sell goods or services, especially between countries
“This will increase costs for companies trading with Asia.”
wymieniać, zamieniać
trade
to give something to someone and receive something else in exchange
“He traded his guitar for a leather jacket.”
chronić
protect
to keep someone or something safe from something dangerous or bad
“It’s important to protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun.”,
“Vitamin C may help protect against cancer.”
starożytny
ancient
from a long time ago
“ancient Greece/Rome”,
“an ancient building”
wiekowy
ancient
very old
“This computer is ancient.”
stos
pile
an amount of a substance in the shape of a small hill or a number of objects on top of each other
“a pile of books/bricks”,
“a pile of sand/rubbish”,
“The clothes were arranged in piles on the floor.”
kupa czegoś
pile
a lot of something
“It’s all right for him, he’s got piles of money.”
ulga
relief
the good feeling that you have when something unpleasant stops or does not happen
“It’ll be such a relief when these exams are over.”,
““James can’t come tonight.” “Well, that’s a relief!””
pomoc
relief
money, food, or clothes that are given to people because they need help
“an international relief operation “
ulga
relief
an end to or pause in a feeling of pain
“I’d been trying to sleep to find relief from the pain.”
przez
by
used to show the person or thing that does something
“She was examined by a doctor.”,
“The building had been destroyed by fire.”,
“a painting by Van Gogh”
Często tłumaczy się narzędnikiem, np. czekiem , mejlem , samochodem
by
through doing or using something
“Can I pay by cheque?”,
“I sent it by email.”,
“We’ll get there by car.”,
“Open the file by clicking on the icon.”
za
by
holding a particular part of someone or something
“She grabbed me by the arm.”
przy, koło
by
near or next to something or someone
“I’ll meet you by the post office.”,
“A small child stood by her side.”
do
by
not later than a particular time or date
“Applications have to be in by the 31st.”
według
by
according to
“By law you must be eighteen to purchase alcohol.”
koło, obok
by
past
“He sped by me on a motorcycle.”
na
by
used to show measurements or amounts
“twelve by ten metres of floor space”,
“Interest rates have been increased by 0.25%.”,
“I’m paid by the hour.”,
“Copies have sold by the million.”
przez przypadek/pomyłkę itp.
by
as a result of an accident/chance/mistake, etc
“I went to the wrong room by mistake.”
w dzień, za dnia /nocą , w nocy
by
during the day/night
dzień po dniu/stopniowo/po kolei
by
used in particular phrases to mean ‘gradually’ or ‘in units of’
“Day by day he grew stronger.”
koło mnie/nas itp.
by
past
“A motorcycle sped by.”
obnażać, wystawiać
expose
to remove what is covering something so that it can be seen
“He removed the bandage to expose the wound.”,
“Our bodies need to be exposed to sunlight in order to make vitamin D.”
obnażać, ujawniać, demaskować
expose
to make public something bad or something that is not honest
“The review exposed widespread corruption in the police force.”
być narażonym na coś , spotykać się z czymś
expose
to experience something or be affected by something because you are in a particular situation or place
“It was the first time I’d been exposed to violence.”
naświetlać
expose
to allow light to reach a piece of camera film in order to produce a photograph
poprawa, ulepszenie
improvement
If there is an improvement in something, it gets better.
“home improvements “,
“There’s been a noticeable improvement in her work this year.”,
“He’s a definite improvement on her last boyfriend.”,
“Sadly, her health has shown no improvement.”
plastik
plastic
a light, artificial substance that can be made into different shapes when it is soft and is used in a lot of different ways
“Most children’s toys are made of plastic.”
doskonały
excellent
very good, or of a very high quality
“That was an excellent meal.”
luźny
loose
not firmly fixed
“There were some loose wires hanging out of the wall.”,
“One of my buttons is loose.”
luźny
loose
large and not fitting tightly
“a loose dress/sweater”
wolny, na wolności
loose
An animal that is loose is free to move around.
“Two lions escaped and are still loose.”
nieprecyzyjny, wolny
loose
not exact
“It’s only a loose translation of the poem.”
skomplikowany
complicated
involving a lot of different parts, in a way that is difficult to understand
“a complicated problem/process”,
“The instructions were too complicated for me.”
przerażenie, groza, okropność
horror
a strong feeling of shock or fear, or something that makes you feel shocked or afraid
“She watched in horror as the car skidded across the road.”
horror
horror
a film or story that entertains people by shocking or frightening them
prokurator, oskarżyciel/ka
prosecutor
a lawyer who prosecutes people
rosnąć, wzrastać
rise
to increase in level
“rising temperatures”,
“Prices rose by 10 percent.”
podnosić się, wznosić się
rise
to move up
“The balloon rose slowly into the air.”
wstawać
rise
to stand, especially after sitting
“He rose from his seat.”
awansować do, osiągać
rise
to become important, successful, or rich
“He quickly rose to stardom.”
wzmagać się, nasilać się
rise
to become stronger or louder
“The wind is rising.”,
“Her voice rose to a scream.”
wznosić się
rise
to be high above something
“The bridge rose almost 600 feet above the water.”
wschodzić
rise
When the sun or moon rises, it appears in the sky.
“The sun rises in the East.”
stanąć na wysokości zadania
rise
to deal with a difficult job or opportunity successfully
podwyżka, wzrost
rise
an increase in the level of something
“a tax rise”,
“a rise in interest rates”
czyjaś droga do sławy /władzy itp.
rise
the period when someone becomes very famous or powerful
wywoływać coś
rise
to cause something
“The bacteria live in the human body but do not give rise to any symptoms.”
podwyżka
rise
an increase in the amount of money that you earn
“a pay rise “,
“She’s asked for a two percent rise.”
wystawa
display
a collection of objects or pictures arranged for people to look at
“a display of children’s paintings”
wystawiony (na widok publiczny), udostępniony (dla zwiedzających )
display
If something is on display, it is there for people to look at.
“Many old aircraft are on display at the museum.”
pokaz
display
a performance or show for people to watch
“a firework display “
ekran, wyświetlacz, wyświetlenie
display
electronic information that is shown on a computer screen
“The display problems might be due to a shortage of disk space.”
manifestacja uczucia /gniewu itp.
display
behaviour that shows someone has a particular feeling
wystawiać
display
to arrange something somewhere so that people can see it
“There were some family photographs displayed on his desk.”
wyświetlać
display
to show something electronically such as on a computer screen
“The text can be displayed and edited on screen.”
okazywać, manifestować
display
to show how you feel by your expression or behaviour
“He never displayed any interest in girls.”
włączać
incorporate
to include something as part of another thing
“He began to incorporate dance and mime into his plays.”
funkcja, rola
function
the purpose of something or someone
“Each button has a different function.”,
“I’m not quite sure what my function is within the company.”
uroczystość
function
a large, formal party or ceremony
“a charity function”
funkcja
function
a quantity whose value depends on another value and changes with that value
funkcjonować
function
to work or operate
“The operation should help his lungs to function properly again.”
różnić się
differ
to be different
“How does the book differ from the film?”,
“These computers differ quite a lot in price.”
nie zgadzać się
differ
to have a different opinion
“Economists differ on the cause of inflation.”
podstęp, kawał, dowcip
trick
something you do to deceive or cheat someone, or to make someone look stupid as a joke
“a trick question “,
“I wasn’t really ill - it was just a trick.”,
“My little brother liked to play tricks on me (= do things to deceive me as a joke).”
sposób
trick
an effective way of doing something
“What’s the trick to pulling out this sofa bed?”
sztuczka
trick
something that is done to entertain people and that seems to be magic
“a card trick”
oszukać, naciągnąć
trick
to deceive someone
“They tricked him into signing the papers.”
kabel
cable
a wire covered by plastic that carries electricity, telephone signals, etc
“overhead power cables “
lina
cable
thick wire twisted into a rope
telewizja kablowa
cable
the system of sending television programmes or telephone signals along wires under the ground
“cable TV “,
“This channel is only available on cable.”
analityk
analyst
someone whose job is to examine the details of a situation carefully, and give their opinion about it
“a financial/political analyst “
butelka
bottle
a container for liquids, usually made of glass or plastic, with a narrow top
“an empty bottle”,
“a bottle of wine”
rozlewać
bottle
to put liquid into a bottle
“This wine was bottled in France.”,
“bottled beer/water”
znaczny, znaczący
significant
important or noticeable
“These measures will save a significant amount of money.”,
“It is significant that Falkner did not attend the meeting himself.”
zamykać (się)
lock
to fasten something with a key, or to be fastened with a key
“Did you lock the door?”,
“If you shut the door it will lock automatically.”
zamykać coś/kogoś
lock
to put something or someone in a place or container that is fastened with a key
“She locked herself in her bedroom.”,
“Most of my jewellery is locked away in a safe.”
zablokować się
lock
to become fixed in one position
“I tried to move forward but the wheels had locked.”
zamek
lock
the thing that is used to close a door, window, etc, and that needs a key to open it
“I heard someone turn a key in the lock.”,
“safety locks “
śluza
lock
a place on a river with gates to allow boats to move to a different water level
pięć
five
the number 5
wiadomości
news
the announcement of important events on television, radio, and in newspapers
“the local/national news “,
“to watch the 6 o’clock news “,
“Did you see that report about child labour on the news last night?”,
“a news bulletin/report “
wiadomości
news
new information
“Have you had any news about your job yet?”,
“I’ve got some good news for you.”,
“Any news from John?”
być dla kogoś nowością
news
to be a surprise to someone
“He’s leaving? Well that’s certainly news to me.”
skarga, zarzut, reklamacja
complaint
a statement that something is wrong or not satisfactory
“a letter of complaint”,
“I wish to make a complaint.”,
“We received several complaints about the noise.”
zastrzeżenie
complaint
something that makes you complain
“My only complaint was the lack of refreshments.”
dolegliwość
complaint
an illness
“a stomach complaint”
statystyka
statistics
the subject that involves collecting and studying numbers to show information about something
z wyprzedzeniem , z góry
advance
before a particular time
“You need to book your ticket at least 14 days in advance.”
postęp, osiągnięcie
advance
new discoveries and inventions
“technological/scientific advances “
zaliczka
advance
a payment given to someone before work has been completed, or before the usual time
natarcie, posuwanie się
advance
a movement forward, especially by an army
posuwać (się) naprzód
advance
to develop or progress, or to make something develop or progress
“He moved to New York with hopes of advancing his career.”,
“Research has advanced our understanding of the virus.”
nacierać, posuwać się naprzód
advance
to move forward to a new position, especially while fighting
“Rebel soldiers advanced on the capital.”
z wyprzedzeniem , z góry
advance
happening or ready before an event
“advance planning/warning “,
“an advance booking “
basen
pool
an area of water that has been made for people to swim in
“The hotel has two outdoor pools.”
kałuża
pool
a small area of water or a small amount of liquid on a surface
“We dipped our feet in a shallow pool by the rocks.”,
“a pool of blood”
bilard
pool
a game in which two people use long, thin sticks to hit coloured balls into holes around the edge of a table
pula
pool
a collection of money, people, or equipment that is shared by a group of people
“a car pool for company business”
dzielić (się), współużytkować
pool
If a group of people pool their money, knowledge, or equipment, they collect it together so that it can be shared or used for a particular purpose.
“Several villages pooled their resources to set up a building project.”
inspirować, natchnąć
inspire
to make someone feel that they want to do something and can do it
“A drama teacher at school had inspired Sam to become an actor.”
nastrajać, wzbudzać
inspire
to make someone have a particular feeling or reaction
“Robson’s first task will be to inspire his team with some confidence.”,
“He inspires great loyalty in his staff.”
inspirować
inspire
to give someone an idea for a book, play, painting, etc
“The television drama was inspired by a true story.”
długoterminowy
long-term
continuing a long time into the future
“long-term unemployment”
rynek, targ
market
a place where people go to buy or sell things, often outside
“a cattle/fish/flower market”,
“a market stall”
supermarket
market
a supermarket (= large shop that sells food)
rynek
market
the buying and selling of something
“the insurance/personal computer market”
rynek
market
all the people who want to buy a particular product, or the area where they live
“South America is our largest market.”,
“Is there a market for (= will people buy) second-hand jewellery?”
na rynku , (wystawiony) na sprzedaż
market
available to buy
“His house has been on the market for over a year.”,
“They’ve put their house on the market.”
promować
market
to try to sell products using advertising or other ways of making people want to buy them
“Their products are very cleverly marketed.”
drużyna
team
a group of people who play a sport or game together against another group of players
“a basketball/football team”,
“Which team are you on?”
zespół, grupa
team
a group of people who work together to do something
“a management team”,
“a team of advisers”
stół
table
a piece of furniture with four legs, used for eating off, putting things on, etc
“the kitchen table”
nakrywać do stołu
table
to put plates, knives, forks, etc on the table to prepare for a meal
tabela, tablica
table
a set of numbers or words written in rows that go across and down the page
“The table below shows the results of the experiment.”
tabela, tablica
table
a collection of a particular kind of information in a database
zgłaszać
table
to formally suggest that a particular subject is discussed
odroczyć
table
to decide to discuss something later
noga
leg
one of the parts of the body of a human or animal that is used for standing and walking
“My legs are tired after so much walking.”,
“He broke his leg in the accident.”,
“There were cuts on her arms and legs.”,
“She had bare legs and wore only a light summer dress.”
noga, nóżka, udziec
leg
the meat of an animal’s leg eaten as food
“a chicken leg”
noga
leg
one of the vertical parts of a chair, table, etc that is on the floor
“a chair/table leg “
nogawka
leg
the part of a pair of trousers that covers one of your legs
“He rolled up his trouser legs and waded into the water.”
odcinek, etap
leg
one part of a journey or competition
“the first/second/third leg of the journey”
autostrada
highway
a main road, especially between two towns or cities
aspekt
aspect
one part of a situation, problem, subject, etc
“His illness affects almost every aspect of his life.”
aspekt
aspect
the form of a verb that shows how the meaning of a verb is considered in relation to time
hrabstwo
county
an area of Britain, Ireland, or the US that has its own local government
kampania
campaign
a series of organized activities or events intended to achieve a result
“an advertising/election campaign “
kampania
campaign
a series of military attacks
“a bombing campaign”
prowadzić kampanię
campaign
to organize a series of activities to try to achieve something
“to campaign against/for something”
pomocny, przydatny
helpful
useful
“helpful advice/comments”
pomocny
helpful
willing to help
“The staff here are very helpful.”
ziemia
ground
the surface of the Earth
“I sat down on the ground.”
grunt, gleba
ground
the soil in an area
“soft/stony ground”
teren
ground
an area of land used for a particular purpose or activity
“a football ground”
obszar zagadnień
ground
an area of knowledge, information, interest, or experience
“He had to go over the same ground several times before I understood it.”
wchodzić na mieliznę , być uziemionym
ground
If a vehicle that travels on water or in the air is grounded, it cannot or may not leave the ground.
“The aircraft was grounded by fog.”
opierać się na czymś
ground
to be based firmly on something
“Fiction should be grounded in reality.”
-
ground
past of grind
przeobrażać, zmieniać
transformation
to change something completely, usually to improve it
“Within weeks they had transformed the area into a beautiful garden.”
zwierzątko lub zwierzę (w domu lub domowe )
pet
an animal that someone keeps in their home
“my pet rabbit”
głaskać
pet
to touch an animal because you feel affection for it
pieścić
pet
to touch someone in a sexual way
silny
strong
A strong person or animal is physically powerful.
“Are you strong enough to lift this table on your own?”
mocny
strong
A strong object does not break easily or can support heavy things.
“a strong box/chair”
silny
strong
of a good quality or level and likely to be successful
“a strong competitor/team”,
“a strong economy”
mocny
strong
A strong feeling, belief, or opinion is felt in a very deep and serious way.
“a strong sense of pride”
ostry
strong
If a taste, smell, etc is strong, it is very noticeable.
“There’s a strong smell of burning.”
silny
strong
If a person or their personality is strong, they are confident and able to deal with problems well.
mocny
strong
containing a lot of alcohol
“a strong drink”
trwały
strong
If a friendship, relationship, etc is strong, it is likely to last for a long time.
duż-a/e szansa/prawdopodobieństwo itp.
strong
something that is very likely to happen
“There’s a strong possibility of rain this afternoon.”
siln-a/e opozycja/poparcie itp.
strong
a lot of opposition/support, etc
dosadny język
strong
words that some people might consider to be offensive
czyjś mocny punkt
strong
something that someone is very good at
“Cooking is not my strong point.”
(wciąż) świetnie się trzymać
strong
continuing to be successful after a long time
kolumna
column
a tall, solid, usually stone post which is used to support a roof or as decoration in a building
“a stone/marble column”
rubryka
column
a regular article in a newspaper or magazine on a particular subject or by the same writer
kolumna
column
one of the blocks of print into which a page of a newspaper, magazine, or dictionary is divided
kolumna
column
any block of numbers or words written one under the other
słup czegoś
column
something with a tall, narrow shape
“A column of smoke rose from the chimney.”
kolumna
column
a long line of moving people or vehicles
“a column of refugees”
prawda
truth
the real facts about a situation
“Do you think he was telling the truth?”,
“I don’t think we’ll ever know the truth about what really happened.”
prawda
truth
the quality of being true
“There may be some truth in their claim.”
prawda
truth
a fact or idea that people accept is true
“moral/religious truths”
opcja, możliwość
option
a choice
“That’s an option you might like to consider.”,
“We don’t have many options.”,
“You always have the option of not attending.”
nie mieć (innego) wyjścia (i musieć coś zrobić )
option
to not have the possibility of doing something else
“We didn’t want to dismiss him, but we had no option.”
zostawić sobie furtkę
option
to wait and not make a decision or choice yet
szeroki
broad
wide
“broad shoulders “,
“a broad smile”
szeroki wachlarz/wybór itp.
broad
a group that includes many different things or people
“a broad range of subjects”
ogólny zarys/obraz itp.
broad
a general description, without detail
“This is just a broad outline of the proposal.”
silny
broad
A broad accent (= way of speaking from a region) is very noticeable.
“a broad Irish accent”
w biały dzień
broad
during the day when it is light and people can see
“He was attacked in broad daylight.”
obserwować, przyglądać się
observe
to watch someone or something carefully
“Children learn by observing adults.”
zauważać
observe
to notice something
zauważać
observe
to make a remark about something you have noticed
"”It’s still raining,” he observed.”
przestrzegać
observe
to obey a law, rule, or religious custom
“to observe the law”
chemiczny
chemical
relating to chemistry or chemicals
“a chemical reaction”,
“chemical weapons”
substancja chemiczna
chemical
a basic substance that is used in chemistry or produced by chemistry
decydować
decide
to choose something after thinking about several possibilities
“I haven’t decided whether or not to tell him.”,
“She’s decided to take the job.”,
“The teachers decided that the school would take part in the competition.”
rozstrzygać
decide
to be the reason or situation that makes a particular result happen
“This match will decide the tournament.”
czynnik rozstrzygający
decide
the thing that helps to make the final decision
czekolada
chocolate
a sweet, brown food that is usually sold in a block
“a bar of chocolate”,
“milk chocolate”,
“a chocolate cake”
czekoladka
chocolate
a small piece of sweet food covered in chocolate
“a box of chocolates”
czekolada
chocolate
a sweet drink made with chocolate and hot milk
tu, tutaj
here
in the place where you are
“Does Jane live near here?”,
“Come here!”,
“How long have you been here?”
oto, proszę
here
used to bring someone’s attention to someone or something
“Look, here’s our bus.”,
“Here, put this on.”
już lub wreszcie jesteś/jest itp.
here
used when you see someone or something you have been looking for or waiting for
“Here she is at last.”,
“Here we are, this is the place.”
oto
here
used when you are giving someone something
“Here’s a present for you.”
proszę
here
used when you are giving someone something
"”Have you got the paper?” “Here you are.””
tutaj, teraz
here
at this point in a discussion
“I don’t have time here to go into all the arguments.”
z tej strony mówi
here
used when saying who you are on the telephone
“Hello, it’s Tim here.”
tu i ówdzie, tu i tam
here
in several different places but without any pattern
“Tall trees were growing here and there.”
barierka
barrier
a type of fence that prevents people from going into an area
“Police erected barriers to hold back the crowd.”
bariera
barrier
something that prevents people from doing what they want to do
“Kim is taking Spanish lessons in an attempt to overcome the language barrier.”,
“Shyness is a big barrier to making friends.”
częściowo
partly
used to show that something is true to some degree but not completely
“The house is partly owned by her father.”,
“He was partly responsible.”
przytomność
consciousness
the state of being awake and being able to think and notice things
“He lost consciousness (= stopped being conscious) for several minutes.”,
“I want to be here when she regains consciousness (= becomes conscious again).”
świadomość
consciousness
knowledge of something
“There’s a growing consciousness about environmental issues among young people.”
wniosek
conclusion
the opinion you have after considering all the information about something
“I’ve come to the conclusion that we’ll have to sell the car.”
zakończenie
conclusion
the final part of something
“the dramatic conclusion of the film”,
“The case should finally be brought to a conclusion (= end) this week.”
na zakończenie
conclusion
used to introduce the last part of a speech or piece of writing
“In conclusion, I would like to thank our guest speaker.”
zakończenie
conclusion
the process of arranging or agreeing something formally
“the conclusion of peace talks”
samolot
plane
a vehicle that flies and has an engine and wings
“What time does her plane get in (= arrive)?”,
“He likes to watch the planes taking off and landing.”,
“a plane crash”
hebel, strug
plane
a tool that you use to make wood smooth
płaszczyzna
plane
in mathematics, a flat surface
wyrównywać, heblować
plane
to make a piece of wood smooth using a tool called a plane
Muzułma-nin/nka
Muslim
someone who believes in Islam
masło
butter
a soft, pale yellow food made from cream that you put on bread and use in cooking
smarować masłem
butter
to put a layer of butter on something
“hot buttered toast”
przyciskać, naciskać (na)
press
to push something firmly
“Press the button to start the machine.”,
“Can you press a bit harder on my shoulders, please?”,
“He pressed his face against the window.”
naciskać na
press
to try hard to persuade someone to do something
“The committee pressed him to reveal more information.”,
“We pressed him for an answer but he refused.”
wnosić oskarżenie
press
to complain officially about someone in a court of law
“The family decided not to press charges against him.”
prasować
press
to make clothes smooth by ironing them
“I need to press these trousers.”
prasować, suszyć
press
to make something flat by putting something heavy on it for a long time
“to press fruit/flowers”
forsować kwestię
press
to try to make people accept your demands
prasa
press
newspapers and magazines, or the people who write them
“the local/national press “,
“press reports “
przychylność/nieprzychylność mediów , dobra /zła prasa
press
praise or criticism from newspapers, magazines, television, etc
“She’s had a lot of bad press recently.”
wydawnictwo
press
a business that prints and sells books
“Cambridge University Press”
prasa lub maszyna drukarska
press
a machine used to print books, newspapers, and magazines
prasowanie
press
the use of an iron (= a piece of electrical equipment used for making clothes flat and smooth)
“Can you give these trousers a press?”
ujawniać
reveal
to give someone a piece of information that is surprising or that was previously secret
“It was revealed in this morning’s papers that the couple intend to marry.”
odsłaniać
reveal
to allow something to be seen that was previously hidden
“His shirt came up at the back, revealing an expanse of white skin.”
niemniej (jednak), pomimo to
nonetheless
despite what has just been said
“He was extremely rude in meetings. Nonetheless, his arguments found some support.”
narta
ski
one of a pair of long, thin pieces of wood or plastic that you wear on the bottom of boots to move over snow
jeździć na nartach
ski
to move over snow wearing skis
seksualny, płciowy
sexual
relating to the activity of sex
“sexual experiences”,
“sexual organs”
płci , płciowy
sexual
relating to being male or female
“sexual discrimination “,
“sexual equality “
gdzie
where
used to ask about the place or position of someone or something
“Where does she live?”,
“Where are my car keys?”
gdzie
where
at, in, or to a place or position
“He’s not sure where they are.”,
“I know where to go.”
gdzie, który
where
relating to a particular part of a process or situation
“We’ve now reached the point where we can make a decision.”
zerkać na/rozglądać się/zerkać w kierunku itp.
glance
to look somewhere for a short time
“He glanced at his watch.”
zerkać na/przeglądać itp.
glance
to read something quickly
“She glanced through the newspaper.”
spojrzenie, rzut oka
glance
a quick look
“She had a quick glance around the restaurant.”
na pierwszy rzut oka
glance
If you see something at a glance, you see it very quickly or immediately.
ścieżka
path
a long, narrow area of ground for people to walk along
“There’s a path through the forest.”,
“a garden path “
tor
path
the direction that a person or vehicle moves in
“a flight path “
droga
path
a particular way of doing something over a period of time
“a career path “,
“Whichever path we choose, we’ll have difficulties.”
strumień, potok, rzeczka
stream
a small river
rzeka czegoś , potok czegoś seria czegoś strumień czegoś
stream
a line of people or vehicles moving in the same directiona large number of similar things that happen or appear one after anothera moving line of liquid, gas, smoke, etc
“a constant stream of traffic”,
“He has produced a steady stream of books.”,
“A stream of smoke was coming from the chimney.”
spływać/napływać/przepływać itp.
stream
to move or flow continuously in one direction
“Tears were streaming down her face.”
odbierać (= media strumieniowe)
stream
to listen to or watch something on a computer directly from the Internet
nikt
nobody
no person
“There was nobody I could talk to.”,
“Nobody else agreed with her.”,
“Nobody’s listening.”,
“Sally helped me, but nobody else bothered.”
zwycięz-ca/czyni
winner
someone who wins a game, competition, or election
“the winners of the World Cup”
łyżka
tablespoon
a large spoon used for measuring or serving food, or the amount this spoon can hold
kolonialny
colonial
relating to colonialism or a colony (= country controlled by another country)
“colonial rule/government”
cicho, po cichu
quietly
making little or no noise
"”Don’t worry,” she said quietly.”
spokojnie, w spokoju
quietly
doing something without much noise or activity
“He sat quietly on the sofa, waiting for her to come home.”
