Deck 23 Flashcards
tendencja, trend, kierunek
trend
a general development or change in a situation
“There’s a trend towards more locally produced television programmes.”,
“I’m not familiar with the latest trends in teaching methodology.”
odkrywać
discover
to find something
“They came to California hoping to discover gold.”,
“The body was discovered in a ditch.”
odkrywać
discover
to be the first person to find something important
“Who discovered America?”
odkrywać
discover
to get information about something for the first time
“She discovered that he had been married three times before.”,
“Have they discovered what was causing your headaches?”
posiadłość
estate
a large area of land in the countryside that is owned by one person or organization
“a country estate”
osiedle, tereny
estate
an area with a lot of buildings of the same type
“an industrial estate “
majątek
estate
the possessions and money that someone owns when they die
“She left her entire estate to a charity for cats.”
zauważać
notice
to see something and be aware of it
“If the sign’s too small, no one will notice it.”,
“Do you think he’ll notice my new hair style?”,
“I noticed that he walked with a limp.”
ogłoszenie, notatka, zawiadomienie
notice
a sign giving information about something
“The notice said that the pool was closed for repairs.”,
“Have you seen any notices about the new sports club?”
wymówienie, wypowiedzenie, ostrzeżenie
notice
a warning that something will happen
“I had to give my landlord a month’s notice before moving.”
bez (wcześniejszego ) ostrzeżenia , nagle
notice
only a short time before something happens
uwaga
notice
attention
“I didn’t take any notice of (= give attention to) his advice.”,
“It has come to our notice (= we became aware) that you are being overcharged for your insurance.”
złożyć wypowiedzenie
notice
to tell your employer that you are going to stop working for them
“I handed in my notice yesterday.”
konwencjonalny
conventional
Conventional people are traditional and not willing to try new ideas.
konwencjonalny
conventional
Conventional objects or ways of doing things are the usual ones that have been used for a long time.
“conventional farming/medicine”
broń/siły/wojna itp. konwencjonaln-a/e
conventional
not involving the use of nuclear weapons
popularny pogląd
conventional
what most people believe
rozumieć
understand
to know the meaning of something that someone says
“I don’t understand half of what he says.”,
“She didn’t understand so I explained it again.”,
“I understand written French but I don’t speak it very well.”
wiedzieć, rozumieć
understand
to know why or how something happens or works
“We still don’t fully understand how the brain works.”
rozumieć
understand
to know how someone feels or why they behave in a particular way
“I don’t understand James sometimes.”,
“I understand why she’s so angry.”
o ile mi/nam wiadomo, to …, rozumiem/y, że …
understand
used to say that you believe something is true because someone has told you it is
“I understand that the school is due to close next year.”
porozumieć się, dogadać się
understand
to say something to someone in a way that they understand
“I had a little difficulty making myself understood.”
skład
composition
the parts, substances, etc that something consists of
“the composition of the atmosphere”
kompozycja, utwór
composition
a piece of music that someone has written
“The children played their own compositions in the concert.”
kompozycja
composition
the process or skill of writing music
“He taught composition at Yale.”
wypracowanie
composition
a short piece of writing about a particular subject, done by a student
kompozycja, układ
composition
the way that people or things are arranged in a painting or photograph
co więcej, ponadto
furthermore
in addition to what has just been said
pasować (do)
fit
to be the right shape or size for someone or something
“This skirt doesn’t fit any more.”,
“I can’t find a lid to fit this jar.”
zmieścić się/ coś
fit
If people or things fit somewhere, or if you can fit them somewhere, that place is big enough for them.
“How many people can you fit in your car?”,
“This radio is small enough to fit into my pocket.”
zamontować, założyć
fit
to put or fix something somewhere
“You ought to fit a smoke alarm in the kitchen.”
pasować (do), odpowiadać
fit
to be the same as or like something
“She seems to fit the police description.”
odpowiadać
fit
to be suitable for something
“The punishment should fit the crime.”
zdatny, nadający się, ≈ nadawać się
fit
of a good enough quality or suitable type for a particular purpose
“Is this water fit to drink?”,
“She’s not in a fit state to drive.”
sprawny (fizycznie), w dobrej formie
fit
healthy, especially because you exercise regularly
“He’s very fit for his age.”
robić coś jak ktoś uważa lub według własnego uznania
fit
to do something that you feel is the right thing to do, although other people might disapprove
“You must spend the money as you see fit.”
≈ dobrze dopasowany/luźny/ciasny
fit
used to say how something fits someone or somewhere
“These shoes are a perfect fit.”
atak, napad
fit
a sudden, uncontrolled period of doing something or feeling something
“a coughing fit”,
“I hit him in a fit of anger.”
atak, napad
fit
a short period of illness when someone cannot control their movements and becomes unconscious
“to have an epileptic fit”
wściec się
fit
to become extremely angry
“Mum had a fit when she saw the mess we’d made.”
mieć miejsce, wydarzyć się
occur
to happen, often without being planned
“According to the police, the shooting occurred at about 12.30 a.m.”
występować gdzieś /u kogoś
occur
to exist or be present in a particular place or group of people
“Minerals occur naturally in the Earth’s crust.”,
“The disease mainly occurs in women over 40.”
kawa
coffee
a hot drink made from dark beans that are made into a powder, or a cup of this drink
“Do you want a cup of coffee?”
kawa
coffee
the beans from which coffee is made, or the powder made from these beans
“instant coffee”
pamiętać
remember
If you remember a fact or something from the past, you keep it in your mind, or bring it back into your mind.
“I can’t remember his name.”,
“I don’t remember signing a contract.”,
“Just as the door closed he remembered that his keys were inside the room.”
pamiętać
remember
to not forget to do something
“I must remember to send Carol a birthday card.”
miejsce
site
the place where something important happened in the past
“a historic site “,
“the site of a battle”
teren
site
an area that is used for something or where something happens
“a building site “
na miejscu
site
inside a factory, office building, etc
“There are two restaurants on site.”,
“They provide on-site childcare facilities for employees.”
strona
site
short for website (= an area on the Internet where information about a particular subject, organization, etc can be found)
zlokalizować coś gdzieś
site
to build something in a particular place
“The company’s head office is sited in Geneva.”
pojęcie, koncepcja, pogląd
notion
an idea or belief
“The notion of sharing is unknown to most two-year-olds.”
koalicja
coalition
two or more political parties that have joined together, usually to govern a country
“to form a coalition “,
“a coalition government “
poprzedni, wcześniejszy
previously
existing or happening before something or someone else
“the previous day/year”,
“a previous attempt”,
“his previous marriage”
narzędzie
tool
a piece of equipment that you use with your hands in order to help you do something
narzędzie
tool
something that helps you to do a particular activity
“Computers are an essential tool for modern scientists.”
cegła
brick
a small, hard, rectangular block used for building walls, houses, etc
“a brick wall “
deszcz
rain
water that falls from the sky in small drops
“heavy rain “,
“It looks like rain (= as if it will rain).”
pora deszczowa , deszcze
rain
in tropical countries, the time of year when there is a lot of rain
“They were waiting for the rains to come.”
pada (deszcz)
rain
If it rains, water falls from the sky in small drops.
“It was raining all weekend.”,
“If it rains, we’ll have to come inside.”
komisja, komitet
committee
a group of people who have been chosen to represent a larger organization and make decisions for it
rasowy
racial
relating to people’s race
“a racial minority”,
“racial discrimination/tension “
urodziny
birthday
the day on which someone was born, or the same date each year
“She is celebrating her seventieth birthday.”,
“Happy Birthday!”,
“a birthday cake/party “
(= często tłumaczy się czasownikami z przedrostkiem od- , np. odchodzić)
away
to or in a different place or situation
“Go away and leave me alone.”,
“Fish and chips to take away, please.”,
“We’d like to move away from the town centre.”
stąd
away
at a particular distance from a place
“The nearest town was ten miles away.”,
“How far away is the station?”
poza domem , w podróży
away
not at the place where someone usually lives or works
“Shirley’s feeding the cat while we’re away.”
na miejsce
away
into a usual or safe place
“Can you put everything away when you’ve finished?”,
“I keep all my papers safely locked away.”
za dwa tygodnie/pięć godzin itp.
away
at a particular time in the future
“My exam’s only a week away now.”
bez przerwy , w kółko
away
used after a verb to mean ‘continuously or repeatedly’
“I was still writing away when the exam finished.”
(= często tłumaczy się formą dokonaną, np. stopnieć)
away
gradually disappearing until almost or completely gone
“The snow has melted away.”
na wyjeździe
away
If a sports team is playing away, the game is at the place where the other team usually plays.
na wyjeździe , wyjazdowy
away
In sports, an away game is played at the place where the other team usually plays.
doceniać
appreciate
to understand how good something or someone is and be able to enjoy them
“There’s no point buying him expensive wines - he doesn’t appreciate them.”
być wdzięcznym za
appreciate
to feel grateful for something
“I’d really appreciate your help.”
rozumieć
appreciate
to understand something about a situation, especially that it is complicated or difficult
“I appreciate that it is a difficult decision for you to make.”
zyskiwać na wartości
appreciate
to increase in value
“Houses and antiques generally appreciate with time.”
zapobiegać, uniemożliwiać
prevent
to stop something happening or to stop someone doing something
“to prevent accidents/crime”,
“Members of the public were prevented from entering the building.”
pielęgniarka
nurse
someone whose job is to care for sick and injured people
pielęgnować, opiekować się
nurse
to care for a person or animal that is sick
“We nursed the injured bird back to health.”
karmić (piersią )
nurse
to feed a baby milk from its mother’s breast
“She nursed her son until he was a year old.”
odleżeć, przeleżeć, leżeć w łóżku z
nurse
to try to cure an illness or injury by resting
“He was nursing a broken nose.”
żywić, dusić w sobie
nurse
to think about an idea or an emotion for a long time
“She nursed a great hatred towards her older sister.”
podłoga
floor
a surface that you walk on inside a building
“a wooden/tiled floor”,
“I must sweep the kitchen floor.”
piętro
floor
a particular level of a building
“the second/third floor”,
“Which floor are we on?”
dno
floor
the ground or surface at the bottom of something
“the forest/sea floor”
parkiet
floor
an area where a particular activity happens
“a dance floor”
legenda
legend
an old story or set of stories from ancient times
“the legends of King Arthur”,
“She’s writing a book on Greek legend.”
legenda
legend
a famous person
“a living legend”,
“Jazz legend, Ella Fitzgerald, once sang in this bar.”
wrzeszczeć
yell
to shout something very loudly
“The policeman yelled at them to stop.”
nerwowy, zdenerwowany
nervous
worried and anxious
“a nervous cough/laugh “,
“She’s very nervous about her driving test.”
nerwowy
nervous
relating to the nerves in the body
“a nervous disorder”
cienki
thin
Something that is thin is smaller than usual between its opposite sides.
“a thin slice of ham”,
“The walls are very thin.”
chudy, szczupły
thin
A thin person or animal has very little fat on their body.
rzadki
thin
A thin substance or liquid has a lot of water in it and flows easily.
“thin soup”
rzadki, nieliczny
thin
having only a small number of people or a small amount of something
“Government troops were very thin along the border.”,
“His hair is going thin on top.”
rozrzedzony
thin
Thin air does not have enough oxygen in it.
rozcieńczać, rozrzedzać
thin
to make a substance less thick, often by adding a liquid to it
dowództwo
command
control over someone or something and responsibility for them
“The soldiers were under the command of a tough sergeant-major.”,
“Jones was in command (= the leader).”
polecenie, rozkaz
command
an order to do something
znajomość
command
knowledge of a subject, especially a language
“She had a good command of French.”
być do czyjejś dyspozycji , oczekiwać czyichś rozkazów
command
to be ready to obey someone’s orders
polecenie
command
an instruction to a computer
dowodzić
command
to control someone or something and tell them what to do
“He commanded the armed forces.”
rozkazywać
command
to order someone to do something
“The officer commanded his men to shoot.”
zasługiwać na uwagę/lojalność/szacunek itp.
command
to deserve and get attention, loyalty, respect, etc from other people
dyskryminacja
discrimination
unfair treatment of someone because of their sex, race, religion, etc
“racial/sex discrimination “,
“discrimination against older workers”
północ
north
the direction that is on your left when you face towards the rising sun
“The stadium is to the north of the city.”
północ
north
the part of an area that is further towards the north than the rest
“She’s from the north of England.”
Izrael
Israeli
a country in the Middle East (= the area where Africa, Asia, and Europe meet)
ganek, weranda
porch
a covered area built onto the entrance to a house
motoryzacyjny
auto
relating to cars
“the auto industry”
auto-
auto
operating without being controlled by humans
“autopilot (= a computer that directs an aircraft) “
auto-
auto
self
“an autobiography (= a book that someone writes about their own life) “
podium, trybuna
platform
a raised surface for people to stand on, especially when they are speaking to a lot of people
“The speakers all stood on a platform.”
peron
platform
the area in a railway station where you get on and off the train
“The train for London Paddington will depart from platform 12.”
platforma (wyborcza ), program (wyborczy)
platform
all the things that a political party promises to do if they are elected
“They campaigned on a platform of low taxation.”
trybuna
platform
a way of telling the public about your opinions
“Basically, he uses the newspaper as a platform for airing his political views.”
na bok, w bok
aside
in a direction to one side
“I gave her a plate of food but she pushed it aside.”
na później
aside
If you put or set something aside, you do not use it now, but keep it to use later.
“We’ve put some money aside to pay for the children’s education.”
oprócz, poza
aside
except for
uwaga na marginesie lub stronie
aside
something that you say quietly so that not everyone can hear it, often something funny
przez
through
from one end or side of something to the other
“The River Seine flows through Paris.”,
“The sun was shining through the window.”,
“She cut through the wire.”
przez (cały)
through
from the start to the end of something
“He worked through the night.”,
“The phone rang halfway through the programme.”
przez, dzięki, od, z powodu
through
because of someone or something, or with someone’s help
“I got the job through my mum’s friend.”,
“He became ill through eating undercooked meat.”
do (końca )
through
from a particular time until and including another time
“The store is open Monday through Friday.”,
“I worked there from May through September.”
na drugą stronę
through
from one end or side to another
“He opened the door and walked through.”
przeczytać/przemyśleć/przedyskutować itp. coś
through
to read/think/talk to someone, etc very carefully about something from the start to the end
“I’ve thought it through and decided not to take the job.”
≈ połączyć (się), ≈ uzyskać połączenie
through
connected to someone by telephone
“I tried to phone David but I couldn’t get through.”,
“Can you put me through to the manager, please?”
skończyć coś lub z czymś
through
to have finished using something or doing something
“Let me know when you’re through with the iron.”
zerwać (z kimś ), rozstać się (z kimś )
through
to not have a relationship with someone any more
bezpośredni, bez przesiadki
through
A through train goes all the way from one place to another place without the passenger having to change trains.
ten
that
used to refer to something or someone that has already been talked about or seen
“Did you know that woman in the post office?”,
“How much are those shoes?”
tamten
that
used to refer to something or someone that is not near you
“He went through that door.”,
“Have you seen that man over there?”
