Deck 23 Flashcards
tendencja, trend, kierunek
trend
a general development or change in a situation
“There’s a trend towards more locally produced television programmes.”,
“I’m not familiar with the latest trends in teaching methodology.”
odkrywać
discover
to find something
“They came to California hoping to discover gold.”,
“The body was discovered in a ditch.”
odkrywać
discover
to be the first person to find something important
“Who discovered America?”
odkrywać
discover
to get information about something for the first time
“She discovered that he had been married three times before.”,
“Have they discovered what was causing your headaches?”
posiadłość
estate
a large area of land in the countryside that is owned by one person or organization
“a country estate”
osiedle, tereny
estate
an area with a lot of buildings of the same type
“an industrial estate “
majątek
estate
the possessions and money that someone owns when they die
“She left her entire estate to a charity for cats.”
zauważać
notice
to see something and be aware of it
“If the sign’s too small, no one will notice it.”,
“Do you think he’ll notice my new hair style?”,
“I noticed that he walked with a limp.”
ogłoszenie, notatka, zawiadomienie
notice
a sign giving information about something
“The notice said that the pool was closed for repairs.”,
“Have you seen any notices about the new sports club?”
wymówienie, wypowiedzenie, ostrzeżenie
notice
a warning that something will happen
“I had to give my landlord a month’s notice before moving.”
bez (wcześniejszego ) ostrzeżenia , nagle
notice
only a short time before something happens
uwaga
notice
attention
“I didn’t take any notice of (= give attention to) his advice.”,
“It has come to our notice (= we became aware) that you are being overcharged for your insurance.”
złożyć wypowiedzenie
notice
to tell your employer that you are going to stop working for them
“I handed in my notice yesterday.”
konwencjonalny
conventional
Conventional people are traditional and not willing to try new ideas.
konwencjonalny
conventional
Conventional objects or ways of doing things are the usual ones that have been used for a long time.
“conventional farming/medicine”
broń/siły/wojna itp. konwencjonaln-a/e
conventional
not involving the use of nuclear weapons
popularny pogląd
conventional
what most people believe
rozumieć
understand
to know the meaning of something that someone says
“I don’t understand half of what he says.”,
“She didn’t understand so I explained it again.”,
“I understand written French but I don’t speak it very well.”
wiedzieć, rozumieć
understand
to know why or how something happens or works
“We still don’t fully understand how the brain works.”
rozumieć
understand
to know how someone feels or why they behave in a particular way
“I don’t understand James sometimes.”,
“I understand why she’s so angry.”
o ile mi/nam wiadomo, to …, rozumiem/y, że …
understand
used to say that you believe something is true because someone has told you it is
“I understand that the school is due to close next year.”
porozumieć się, dogadać się
understand
to say something to someone in a way that they understand
“I had a little difficulty making myself understood.”
skład
composition
the parts, substances, etc that something consists of
“the composition of the atmosphere”
kompozycja, utwór
composition
a piece of music that someone has written
“The children played their own compositions in the concert.”
kompozycja
composition
the process or skill of writing music
“He taught composition at Yale.”
wypracowanie
composition
a short piece of writing about a particular subject, done by a student
kompozycja, układ
composition
the way that people or things are arranged in a painting or photograph
co więcej, ponadto
furthermore
in addition to what has just been said
pasować (do)
fit
to be the right shape or size for someone or something
“This skirt doesn’t fit any more.”,
“I can’t find a lid to fit this jar.”
zmieścić się/ coś
fit
If people or things fit somewhere, or if you can fit them somewhere, that place is big enough for them.
“How many people can you fit in your car?”,
“This radio is small enough to fit into my pocket.”
zamontować, założyć
fit
to put or fix something somewhere
“You ought to fit a smoke alarm in the kitchen.”
pasować (do), odpowiadać
fit
to be the same as or like something
“She seems to fit the police description.”
odpowiadać
fit
to be suitable for something
“The punishment should fit the crime.”
zdatny, nadający się, ≈ nadawać się
fit
of a good enough quality or suitable type for a particular purpose
“Is this water fit to drink?”,
“She’s not in a fit state to drive.”
sprawny (fizycznie), w dobrej formie
fit
healthy, especially because you exercise regularly
“He’s very fit for his age.”
robić coś jak ktoś uważa lub według własnego uznania
fit
to do something that you feel is the right thing to do, although other people might disapprove
“You must spend the money as you see fit.”
≈ dobrze dopasowany/luźny/ciasny
fit
used to say how something fits someone or somewhere
“These shoes are a perfect fit.”
atak, napad
fit
a sudden, uncontrolled period of doing something or feeling something
“a coughing fit”,
“I hit him in a fit of anger.”
atak, napad
fit
a short period of illness when someone cannot control their movements and becomes unconscious
“to have an epileptic fit”
wściec się
fit
to become extremely angry
“Mum had a fit when she saw the mess we’d made.”
mieć miejsce, wydarzyć się
occur
to happen, often without being planned
“According to the police, the shooting occurred at about 12.30 a.m.”
występować gdzieś /u kogoś
occur
to exist or be present in a particular place or group of people
“Minerals occur naturally in the Earth’s crust.”,
“The disease mainly occurs in women over 40.”
kawa
coffee
a hot drink made from dark beans that are made into a powder, or a cup of this drink
“Do you want a cup of coffee?”
kawa
coffee
the beans from which coffee is made, or the powder made from these beans
“instant coffee”
pamiętać
remember
If you remember a fact or something from the past, you keep it in your mind, or bring it back into your mind.
“I can’t remember his name.”,
“I don’t remember signing a contract.”,
“Just as the door closed he remembered that his keys were inside the room.”
pamiętać
remember
to not forget to do something
“I must remember to send Carol a birthday card.”
miejsce
site
the place where something important happened in the past
“a historic site “,
“the site of a battle”
teren
site
an area that is used for something or where something happens
“a building site “
na miejscu
site
inside a factory, office building, etc
“There are two restaurants on site.”,
“They provide on-site childcare facilities for employees.”
strona
site
short for website (= an area on the Internet where information about a particular subject, organization, etc can be found)
zlokalizować coś gdzieś
site
to build something in a particular place
“The company’s head office is sited in Geneva.”
pojęcie, koncepcja, pogląd
notion
an idea or belief
“The notion of sharing is unknown to most two-year-olds.”
koalicja
coalition
two or more political parties that have joined together, usually to govern a country
“to form a coalition “,
“a coalition government “
poprzedni, wcześniejszy
previously
existing or happening before something or someone else
“the previous day/year”,
“a previous attempt”,
“his previous marriage”
narzędzie
tool
a piece of equipment that you use with your hands in order to help you do something
narzędzie
tool
something that helps you to do a particular activity
“Computers are an essential tool for modern scientists.”
cegła
brick
a small, hard, rectangular block used for building walls, houses, etc
“a brick wall “
deszcz
rain
water that falls from the sky in small drops
“heavy rain “,
“It looks like rain (= as if it will rain).”
pora deszczowa , deszcze
rain
in tropical countries, the time of year when there is a lot of rain
“They were waiting for the rains to come.”
pada (deszcz)
rain
If it rains, water falls from the sky in small drops.
“It was raining all weekend.”,
“If it rains, we’ll have to come inside.”
komisja, komitet
committee
a group of people who have been chosen to represent a larger organization and make decisions for it
rasowy
racial
relating to people’s race
“a racial minority”,
“racial discrimination/tension “
urodziny
birthday
the day on which someone was born, or the same date each year
“She is celebrating her seventieth birthday.”,
“Happy Birthday!”,
“a birthday cake/party “
(= często tłumaczy się czasownikami z przedrostkiem od- , np. odchodzić)
away
to or in a different place or situation
“Go away and leave me alone.”,
“Fish and chips to take away, please.”,
“We’d like to move away from the town centre.”
stąd
away
at a particular distance from a place
“The nearest town was ten miles away.”,
“How far away is the station?”
poza domem , w podróży
away
not at the place where someone usually lives or works
“Shirley’s feeding the cat while we’re away.”
na miejsce
away
into a usual or safe place
“Can you put everything away when you’ve finished?”,
“I keep all my papers safely locked away.”
za dwa tygodnie/pięć godzin itp.
away
at a particular time in the future
“My exam’s only a week away now.”
bez przerwy , w kółko
away
used after a verb to mean ‘continuously or repeatedly’
“I was still writing away when the exam finished.”
(= często tłumaczy się formą dokonaną, np. stopnieć)
away
gradually disappearing until almost or completely gone
“The snow has melted away.”
na wyjeździe
away
If a sports team is playing away, the game is at the place where the other team usually plays.
na wyjeździe , wyjazdowy
away
In sports, an away game is played at the place where the other team usually plays.
doceniać
appreciate
to understand how good something or someone is and be able to enjoy them
“There’s no point buying him expensive wines - he doesn’t appreciate them.”
być wdzięcznym za
appreciate
to feel grateful for something
“I’d really appreciate your help.”
rozumieć
appreciate
to understand something about a situation, especially that it is complicated or difficult
“I appreciate that it is a difficult decision for you to make.”
zyskiwać na wartości
appreciate
to increase in value
“Houses and antiques generally appreciate with time.”
zapobiegać, uniemożliwiać
prevent
to stop something happening or to stop someone doing something
“to prevent accidents/crime”,
“Members of the public were prevented from entering the building.”
pielęgniarka
nurse
someone whose job is to care for sick and injured people
pielęgnować, opiekować się
nurse
to care for a person or animal that is sick
“We nursed the injured bird back to health.”
karmić (piersią )
nurse
to feed a baby milk from its mother’s breast
“She nursed her son until he was a year old.”
odleżeć, przeleżeć, leżeć w łóżku z
nurse
to try to cure an illness or injury by resting
“He was nursing a broken nose.”
żywić, dusić w sobie
nurse
to think about an idea or an emotion for a long time
“She nursed a great hatred towards her older sister.”
podłoga
floor
a surface that you walk on inside a building
“a wooden/tiled floor”,
“I must sweep the kitchen floor.”
piętro
floor
a particular level of a building
“the second/third floor”,
“Which floor are we on?”
dno
floor
the ground or surface at the bottom of something
“the forest/sea floor”
parkiet
floor
an area where a particular activity happens
“a dance floor”
legenda
legend
an old story or set of stories from ancient times
“the legends of King Arthur”,
“She’s writing a book on Greek legend.”
legenda
legend
a famous person
“a living legend”,
“Jazz legend, Ella Fitzgerald, once sang in this bar.”
wrzeszczeć
yell
to shout something very loudly
“The policeman yelled at them to stop.”
nerwowy, zdenerwowany
nervous
worried and anxious
“a nervous cough/laugh “,
“She’s very nervous about her driving test.”
nerwowy
nervous
relating to the nerves in the body
“a nervous disorder”
cienki
thin
Something that is thin is smaller than usual between its opposite sides.
“a thin slice of ham”,
“The walls are very thin.”
chudy, szczupły
thin
A thin person or animal has very little fat on their body.
rzadki
thin
A thin substance or liquid has a lot of water in it and flows easily.
“thin soup”
rzadki, nieliczny
thin
having only a small number of people or a small amount of something
“Government troops were very thin along the border.”,
“His hair is going thin on top.”
rozrzedzony
thin
Thin air does not have enough oxygen in it.
rozcieńczać, rozrzedzać
thin
to make a substance less thick, often by adding a liquid to it
dowództwo
command
control over someone or something and responsibility for them
“The soldiers were under the command of a tough sergeant-major.”,
“Jones was in command (= the leader).”
polecenie, rozkaz
command
an order to do something
znajomość
command
knowledge of a subject, especially a language
“She had a good command of French.”
być do czyjejś dyspozycji , oczekiwać czyichś rozkazów
command
to be ready to obey someone’s orders
polecenie
command
an instruction to a computer
dowodzić
command
to control someone or something and tell them what to do
“He commanded the armed forces.”
rozkazywać
command
to order someone to do something
“The officer commanded his men to shoot.”
zasługiwać na uwagę/lojalność/szacunek itp.
command
to deserve and get attention, loyalty, respect, etc from other people
dyskryminacja
discrimination
unfair treatment of someone because of their sex, race, religion, etc
“racial/sex discrimination “,
“discrimination against older workers”
północ
north
the direction that is on your left when you face towards the rising sun
“The stadium is to the north of the city.”
północ
north
the part of an area that is further towards the north than the rest
“She’s from the north of England.”
Izrael
Israeli
a country in the Middle East (= the area where Africa, Asia, and Europe meet)
ganek, weranda
porch
a covered area built onto the entrance to a house
motoryzacyjny
auto
relating to cars
“the auto industry”
auto-
auto
operating without being controlled by humans
“autopilot (= a computer that directs an aircraft) “
auto-
auto
self
“an autobiography (= a book that someone writes about their own life) “
podium, trybuna
platform
a raised surface for people to stand on, especially when they are speaking to a lot of people
“The speakers all stood on a platform.”
peron
platform
the area in a railway station where you get on and off the train
“The train for London Paddington will depart from platform 12.”
platforma (wyborcza ), program (wyborczy)
platform
all the things that a political party promises to do if they are elected
“They campaigned on a platform of low taxation.”
trybuna
platform
a way of telling the public about your opinions
“Basically, he uses the newspaper as a platform for airing his political views.”
na bok, w bok
aside
in a direction to one side
“I gave her a plate of food but she pushed it aside.”
na później
aside
If you put or set something aside, you do not use it now, but keep it to use later.
“We’ve put some money aside to pay for the children’s education.”
oprócz, poza
aside
except for
uwaga na marginesie lub stronie
aside
something that you say quietly so that not everyone can hear it, often something funny
przez
through
from one end or side of something to the other
“The River Seine flows through Paris.”,
“The sun was shining through the window.”,
“She cut through the wire.”
przez (cały)
through
from the start to the end of something
“He worked through the night.”,
“The phone rang halfway through the programme.”
przez, dzięki, od, z powodu
through
because of someone or something, or with someone’s help
“I got the job through my mum’s friend.”,
“He became ill through eating undercooked meat.”
do (końca )
through
from a particular time until and including another time
“The store is open Monday through Friday.”,
“I worked there from May through September.”
na drugą stronę
through
from one end or side to another
“He opened the door and walked through.”
przeczytać/przemyśleć/przedyskutować itp. coś
through
to read/think/talk to someone, etc very carefully about something from the start to the end
“I’ve thought it through and decided not to take the job.”
≈ połączyć (się), ≈ uzyskać połączenie
through
connected to someone by telephone
“I tried to phone David but I couldn’t get through.”,
“Can you put me through to the manager, please?”
skończyć coś lub z czymś
through
to have finished using something or doing something
“Let me know when you’re through with the iron.”
zerwać (z kimś ), rozstać się (z kimś )
through
to not have a relationship with someone any more
bezpośredni, bez przesiadki
through
A through train goes all the way from one place to another place without the passenger having to change trains.
ten
that
used to refer to something or someone that has already been talked about or seen
“Did you know that woman in the post office?”,
“How much are those shoes?”
tamten
that
used to refer to something or someone that is not near you
“He went through that door.”,
“Have you seen that man over there?”
to, ten
that
used to refer to something that has already been talked about or seen
“That looks heavy.”,
“You can’t possibly wear those!”
tamten
that
used to refer to something that is not near you
“What’s that in the corner?”
dobrze, właśnie takto wszystko
that
used to say that something is correctused to say that something has ended
“You need to push the two pieces together. That’s it.”,
“Well that’s it then, we’ve finished.”
i koniec, to jest moje ostatnie słowo
that
used to say that something has happened or a decision has been made and there is nothing more to say or do
“I won’t agree to it and that’s that.”
to znaczy
that
used to correct something you have said or give more information about something
“Everybody was at the meeting, well everyone except Jeanne, that is.”
że
that
used after some verbs, nouns, and adjectives to introduce a new part of a sentence
“He said that he’d collect it later.”,
“Is it true that she’s pregnant?”
który
that
used instead of ‘who’ or ‘which’ at the beginning of a relative clause
“Have you eaten all the cake that I made yesterday?”
tak
that
used when describing the size, amount, or state of something or someone
“I’ve never seen a fish that big before.”
wcale nie taki duży/dobry/ciepły itp. , wcale nie tak ciepło itp.
that
not very big/good/warm, etc
“It hasn’t been all that cold this winter.”
próba
attempt
If you make an attempt to do something, you try to do it.
“This is his second attempt at the exam.”,
“They closed the road in an attempt to reduce traffic in the city.”,
“She made no attempt (= did not try) to be sociable.”
zamach na czyjeś życie
attempt
an attempt to kill someone
próbować
attempt
to try to do something, especially something difficult
“He attempted to escape through a window.”
czytać, przeczytać
read
to look at words and understand what they mean
“What was the last book you read?”,
“I’ve been reading about John F Kennedy.”,
“I’ve read that the economy is going to improve by the end of the year.”
czytać, przeczytać
read
to look at words that are written and say them aloud for other people to listen to
“Do you want me to read it to you?”,
“I read him a story at bedtime.”
czytać
read
to look at signs and be able to understand them
“Can you read music?”
pokazywać
read
to show the temperature, time, etc on a piece of measuring equipment
“The thermometer read 20 degrees this morning.”
przeczytanie
read
the act of reading something
“It’s not brilliant but it’s worth a read.”
dobra/łatwa itp. lektura
read
something that is enjoyable, easy, etc to read
powód, przyczyna
reason
the facts about why something happens or why someone does something
“I knew Sam was going - that was the reason I went there.”,
“Is there any particular reason why he doesn’t want to come?”,
“He left without giving a reason.”,
“That was the reason for telling her.”
powód
reason
something that makes it right for you to do something
“There is every reason to believe the project will be finished on time.”,
“I think we have reason to be concerned.”
rozsądek, rozum
reason
the ability to think and make good decisions
“By this time he’d lost his powers of reason.”
w granicach rozsądku
reason
If something is within reason, it is acceptable and possible.
“You can have as much as you like, within reason.”
rozumować
reason
to decide that something is true after considering the facts
“We reasoned that it was unlikely he would be a serious threat to the public.”
polowania, myślistwo
hunting
the sport of chasing and killing animals
“fox-hunting”
dzisiaj, dziś
today
this day, or on this day
“It’s Johann’s birthday today.”,
“Today is Friday.”
dzisiaj, obecnie, w dzisiejszych czasach
today
the period of time that is happening now or in this period of time
“More young people smoke today than in the past.”
jeść
eat
to put food into your mouth and then swallow it
“Who ate all the cake?”,
“You should eat more slowly.”,
“I haven’t eaten since breakfast.”,
“Let’s have something to eat (= some food).”
jeść
eat
to eat a meal
“We usually eat in the kitchen.”
dramatyczny
dramatically
very sudden or noticeable
“a dramatic change/improvement “
dramatyczny, widowiskowy
dramatically
full of action and excitement
“a dramatic rescue”
dramatyczny
dramatically
relating to plays and acting
dramatyczny
dramatically
showing your emotions in a very obvious way because you want other people to notice you
“Stop being so dramatic!”
rozwój
development
the process of growing, changing, or becoming more advanced
“The nurse will do some tests to check on your child’s development.”,
“There have been some major developments in technology recently.”
opracowanie
development
the process of making something new
“the development of new drugs”
rozwój
development
a situation in which something starts to happen or exist
“Smoking encourages the development of cancer.”
zabudowa
development
the process of building new houses, factories, shops, etc, on an area of land
“land suitable for development”
osiedle, zabudowa
development
an area of land with new houses, factories, shops, etc on it
“a new housing development”
nowość, zmiana
development
something new that happens and changes a situation
“Have there been any more developments since I left?”
wywołanie
development
the process of making photographs from a film
kłótnia
argument
an angry discussion with someone in which you both disagree
“They had an argument about who should do the cleaning.”
argument
argument
a reason or reasons why you support or oppose an idea, action, etc
“There are many arguments for/against nuclear energy.”
pięćdziesiąt
fifty
the number 50
lata pięćdziesiąte
fifty
the years from 1950 to 1959
być po pięćdziesiątce
fifty
to be aged between 50 and 59
stan
state
the condition that something or someone is in
“the state of the economy”,
“The building is in a terrible state.”
zdenerwowany
state
very upset or nervous
“Ben was in a real state before the exam.”
stan
state
one of the parts that some countries such as the US are divided into
“Washington State”,
“Alaska is the largest state in the US.”
państwo
state
a country
“a union of European states”
państwo
state
the government of a country
“financial help from the state”
wizyta/uroczystość itp. państwowa
state
an important visit/occasion, etc involving the leader of a government
Stany, USA
state
the United States of America
stwierdzać
state
to officially say or write something
“Two medical reports stated that he was mentally ill.”
rzemiosło
craft
an activity in which you make something using a lot of skill, especially with your hands
“traditional crafts such as weaving”
statek
craft
a boat
wykonać, uformować
craft
to make something using a lot of skill
“These bowls have been beautifully crafted from wood.”
garnek, dzbanek, doniczka
pot
a round container, usually used for storing things or cooking
“a flower pot”,
“a pot of coffee/tea”,
“pots and pans”
sadzić (w doniczce )
pot
to put a plant into a pot filled with soil
łóżko
bed
a piece of furniture that you sleep on
“a single/double bed “,
“What time did you go to bed last night?”,
“She was lying in bed when I arrived.”,
“He had only just got out of bed.”,
“Have you made the bed (= tidied the bed after you have slept in it)?”
grządka, klomb
bed
a piece of ground that is used for growing plants, especially flowers
“a flower bed”
dno
bed
the ground at the bottom of the sea, a river, etc
“the sea bed”
się, sobie, siebie, sobą
myself
the reflexive form of the pronouns ‘me’ or ‘I’
“I’ve bought myself a new coat.”,
“I looked at myself in the mirror.”
sam
myself
used to emphasize the pronoun ‘I’, especially when the speaker wants to talk about their actions and not someone else’s
“I’ll tell her myself.”,
“Jack always drinks red wine but I prefer white myself.”
(całkiem) sam, samodzielnie
myself
alone or without anyone else’s help
“I live by myself in a small house.”,
“I did the whole job all by myself.”
(tylko) dla siebie
myself
for my use only
“I’ll have the house all to myself this weekend.”,
“I need a couple of hours to myself.”
odzież
clothing
clothes, especially of a particular type
“outdoor/protective clothing”
bezpośredni
direct
going straight from one place to another without turning or stopping
“We went by the most direct route.”
bezpośredni
direct
with no other person or thing involved or between
“There is a direct link between smoking and cancer.”
bezpośredni
direct
saying clearly and honestly what you think
“a direct answer”
bezpośrednio
direct
going straight from one place to another without turning or stopping
“Several airlines now fly direct to Vancouver.”
reżyserować
direct
to tell the actors in a film or play what to do
“a film directed by Alfred Hitchcock”
skierować coś na kogoś/coś /przeciwko komuś/czemuś /do kogoś/czegoś itp.
direct
to aim something at someone or something
“The demonstrators’ anger was directed at the police.”
skierować, wskazywać drogę
direct
to show or tell someone how to get to a place
“Can you direct me to the manager’s office please?”
kierować
direct
to organize and control the way something is done
“He directed the building of the new art gallery.”
nakazać komuś coś
direct
to officially order someone to do something
“They directed us not to discuss the matter.”
śpiewa-k/czka, piosenka-rz/rka
singer
someone who sings
“a jazz singer”
nastolat-ek/ka
teen
short for teenager
(dla) nastolat-ków/ek , nastoletni
teen
relating to, or popular with, people who are between 13 and 19 years old
“a teen idol “,
“a teen magazine”
wszechświat
universe
everything that exists, including stars, space, etc
“Many people believe that there is life elsewhere in the universe.”
tak
yes
used to agree with something, or to give a positive answer to something
"”Can I borrow your pencil?” “Yes, of course.””,
““Are you feeling better?” “Yes, thanks.””,
““Coffee?” “ Yes, please.””
tak
yes
used as an answer when someone calls you
"”Jack!” “Yes?””
właśnie że
yes
used to disagree with a negative announcement
"”He’s not here yet.” “Yes he is, I’ve just seen him.””
tak
yes
a positive reaction or agreement with something
“Was that a yes or a no?”
bogaty
rich
having much more money than most people, or owning things that could be sold for a lot of money
“She’s the third richest woman in Britain.”,
“These cars are only for the rich.”
bogaty
rich
containing a lot of something that is important or valuable
“rich soil”,
“Both foods are rich in Vitamin C.”
tłusty, tuczący
rich
Rich food has a lot of butter, cream, or eggs in it.
“a rich sauce”
bogaty
rich
A rich sound is low and strong, and a rich colour is bright and strong.
uzbrojony, zbrojny, z bronią (w ręku )
armed
carrying or using weapons
“armed guards/police “,
“an armed robbery (= robbery where guns are used) “
uzbrojony w coś
armed
carrying or knowing something that will be useful
“I like to go to a meeting armed with the relevant facts.”
głośny
loud
making a lot of noise
“a loud noise”,
“a loud voice “,
“a loud explosion”
krzykliwy
loud
Loud clothes are too bright or have too many colours.
“You shouldn’t wear anything too loud to a job interview.”
głośno
loud
loudly
“Can you speak a bit louder?”
głośno, na głos
loud
If you say or read something out loud, you say or read it so that other people can hear you.
pracować
work
to do a job, especially the job you do to earn money
“Helen works for a computer company.”,
“He works as a waiter in an Italian restaurant.”,
“My dad works very long hours (= he works a lot of hours).”
działać
work
If a machine or piece of equipment works, it is not broken.
“Does this radio work?”,
“The washing machine isn’t working.”
udać się
work
If something works, it is effective and successful.
“Her plan to get rid of me didn’t work.”
umieć coś obsługiwać
work
to know how to use a machine or piece of equipment
“Do you know how to work the dishwasher?”
pracować, zmuszać do pracy
work
to do something that needs a lot of time or effort, or to make someone do this
“He’s been working to improve his speed.”,
“Our teacher works us very hard.”
brnąć/posuwać się itp. przez coś
work
to achieve something gradually
“I have a pile of homework to work my way through.”
praca
work
the use of physical or mental effort to do something
“Decorating that room was hard work.”
praca
work
the place where you go to do your job
“He had an accident at work.”
praca
work
something you do as a job to earn money
“Has she got any work yet?”,
“Many young people are out of work (= they do not have a job).”
praca
work
the activities that you have to do at school, for your job, etc
“Have you got a lot of work to do?”,
“The teacher said she was pleased with my work.”
zabierać się do pracy lub do czegoś
work
to start doing something
dzieło
work
a painting, book, piece of music, etc
“The exhibition includes works by Picasso and Klee.”,
“the complete works of Shakespeare”
atrakcyjny
attractive
beautiful or pleasant to look at
“an attractive woman”,
“I find him very attractive.”
atrakcyjny
attractive
interesting or useful
“a very attractive offer”,
“We want to make the club attractive to a wider range of people.”
podstawowy, ważny
major
more important or more serious than other things or people of a similar type
“a major problem/issue “,
“a major city”,
“America has played a major role in the peace process.”
dur, durowy
major
in music, belonging to a key (= set of musical notes) that often produces a happy sound
kierunek podstawowy, student/ka
major
the most important subject that a college or university student studies, or the student who is studying
“What’s your major?”,
“Diane’s an English major.”
major
major
an officer of middle rank in the army or air force
sprawdzian, egzamin, test
test
a set of questions to measure someone’s knowledge or ability
“a driving test”,
“You have to take a test.”,
“Only two students in the class failed the test.”,
“Did you pass the biology test?”
badanie, test
test
a short medical examination of part of your body
“an eye test”,
“a pregnancy test”
próba, test
test
something that you do to discover if something is safe, works correctly, etc
“a safety test”
sprawdzian
test
a situation that shows how good something is
“This will be a real test of his ability.”
testować
test
to do something in order to discover if something is safe, works correctly, etc
“None of our products are tested on animals.”
badać, testować
test
to do a medical examination of part of someone’s body
“I’m going to get my hearing tested.”
sprawdzać, testować, egzaminować
test
to give someone a set of questions, in order to measure their knowledge or ability
“an exam designed to test writing skills”,
“You’ll be tested on all the things we’ve studied this term.”
wystawiać na próbę
test
If a situation tests someone, it proves how good, strong, etc they are.
snuć się (po), wałęsać się (po)
wander
to walk slowly about a place without any purpose
“They wandered aimlessly around the town.”
odchodzić, oddalać się
wander
to walk away from the place where you should be
“He was here a moment ago - he must have wandered off.”
ktoś się zamyśla czyjeś myśli błądzą
wander
If someone’s attention/mind, etc wanders, they start thinking about one subject when they should be thinking about a different subject.
“I was bored and my thoughts started to wander.”
konkurs, zawody
competition
an organized event in which people try to win a prize by being the best, fastest, etc
“to enter a competition “
konkurencja, rywalizacja
competition
a situation in which someone is trying to win something or be more successful than someone else
“There’s a lot of competition between computer companies.”,
“Applicants face stiff competition for university places this year.”
konkurencja
competition
people you are competing against, especially in business
sektor
sector
one part of a country’s economy
“the private/public sector “,
“the financial/manufacturing sector”
sektor, strefa
sector
one of the parts that an area is divided into
“the British sector of the North Sea”
stworzenie
creature
anything that lives but is not a plant
“Dolphins are intelligent creatures.”
sto, setka
hundred
the number 100
setki
hundred
a lot
“Hundreds of people wrote in to complain.”
gwarantować
guarantee
to promise that something is true or will happen
“Every child is guaranteed a place at a local school.”,
“We can’t guarantee that it will arrive in time.”
gwarantować, udzielać gwarancji na
guarantee
If a company guarantees its products, it makes a written promise to repair them or give you a new one if they have a fault.
“The repair is guaranteed for 6 months.”
gwarancja
guarantee
a written promise made by a company to repair one of its products or give you a new one if it has a fault
“a three-year guarantee”,
“I’m afraid this camera is no longer under guarantee.”
gwarancja
guarantee
a promise that something will be done or will happen
“There’s no guarantee that it actually works.”
gość, chłop
fellow
a man
“a big fellow with broad shoulders”
wykładowca, pracownik naukowy
fellow
someone whose job is to teach or study a particular subject at some colleges or universities
“She’s a research fellow at St Peter’s college.”
człon-ek/kini
fellow
a member of an official organization for a particular subject or job
rodacy/koledzy itp.
fellow
used to describe people who share your interests or situation
“She’s earned enormous respect from her fellow artists.”
odkładać, odwlekać
delay
to make something happen at a later time than originally planned or expected
“Can you delay your departure until next week?”
opóźniać
delay
to cause someone or something to be slow or late
“I was delayed by traffic.”
opóźnienie, zwłoka
delay
a period when you have to wait longer than expected for something to happen
“An accident caused long delays on the UK motorway/ US freeway.”
miód
honey
a sweet, sticky food that is made by bees
kochanie
honey
a name that you call someone you love or like very much
jabłko
apple
a hard, round fruit with a green or red skin
zaimponować, zrobić lub wywrzeć wrażenie na
impress
to make someone admire or respect you
“I was impressed by her professionalism.”,
“Sarah was hoping to impress him with her cooking.”
zaniepokojony, świadomy
concerned
worried
"I am very concerned that class sizes seem to be growing.", "People are becoming more concerned about what they eat."
zainteresowany
concerned
involved in something or affected by it
“A letter will be sent out to everyone concerned.”
jeśli chodzi o kogoś
concerned
used to show what someone thinks about something
“As far as our customers are concerned, price is the main consideration.”
jeśli chodzi o coś
concerned
used to tell someone what you are talking about
“As far as college is concerned, everything is fine.”
schylać się, zginać (się)
bend
to move your body or part of your body so that it is not straight
“He was bending over to tie his shoelaces.”,
“Bend your knees when lifting heavy objects.”
zakręcać, wyginać (się), zakrzywiać (się)
bend
to become curved, or to make something become curved
“The trees were bending in the wind.”,
“The road bent sharply to the left.”
zakręt, łuk
bend
a curved part of something
“a bend in the road/river”
zajęcia
session
a period during which you do one activity
“a weekly aerobics session”,
“We’re having a training session this afternoon.”
posiedzenie, sesja
session
a meeting of an official group of people such as in a court or in the government
“The court is now in session.”
zupełnie, całkowicie
totally
completely
“They look totally different.”,
“I totally disagree.”
wychodzić na, mieć widok na
overlook
to have a view of something from above
“a balcony overlooking the sea”
przeoczyć, pomijać
overlook
to not notice or consider something
“Two important facts have been overlooked in this case.”
zapomnieć o, puścić płazem , puścić w zapomnienie
overlook
to forgive or ignore someone’s bad behaviour
ranga, stopień
rank
a position in society or in an organization, for example the army
“He holds the rank of colonel.”
szeregowi żołnierze lub członkowie
rank
the ordinary members of an organization, especially the army
zajmować jakąś pozycję , być sklasyfikowanym (na), zaliczać (się)
rank
to have a position in a list that shows things or people in order of importance, or to give someone or something a position on such a list
“He ranked number one in the world at the start of the competition.”,
“The city’s canals now rank among the world’s dirtiest.”
pojedynczy, jedyny
single
only one
“There was a single light in the corner of the room.”
każdy
single
used to emphasize that you are talking about each one of a group or series
“I call him every single day.”,
“He could hear every single word we said.”
samotny, nieżonaty, niezamężna
single
not married
“He’s young and single.”
samotny
single
looking after your children alone without a partner or the children’s other parent
“a single mother “,
“a single-parent family “
jednoosobowy
single
for only one person
“a single bed “
singiel
single
a record or CD that includes only one main song
bilet w jedną stronę
single
a ticket for a journey that is from one place to another but not back again
“Could I have a single to London, please?”
pracownia, atelier
studio
a room where an artist or photographer works
studio
studio
a room where television/radio programmes or musical recordings are made
wytwórnia filmowa , studio
studio
a film company or a place where films are made
zmywać, myć, prać
wash
to make something clean using water, or water and soap
“Dad was washing the dishes.”
myć (się)
wash
to clean part of your body with water and soap
“Have you washed your hands?”,
“I got washed and dressed.”
zostać zmytym /wymytym /wyrzuconym na brzeg
wash
If something is washed away/out, etc, it is moved there by water.
“A lot of the waste is washed out to sea.”
omywać
wash
If water washes somewhere, it flows there.
“Waves washed against the base of the cliff.”
mycie, kąpielmycie
wash
If you have a wash, you wash a part of your body.If you give something a wash, you wash it.
“Could you give the car a wash?”
pranie
wash
clothes, sheets, etc that are being washed together
“Your jeans are in the wash.”
stal
steel
a very strong metal made from iron, used for making knives, machines, etc
przygotować się, zebrać się w sobie
steel
to prepare yourself to do something difficult or unpleasant
“He was steeling himself for an argument.”
pan
Mr
a title for a man, used before his family name or full name
“Good morning, Mr Smith.”,
“This package is addressed to Mr Gordon Harper.”
szczery
honest
sincere and telling the truth
“If you want my honest opinion, I think your hair looks awful.”
uczciwy
honest
not likely to lie, cheat, or steal
“an honest man”
szczerze mówiąc
honest
used to express your real opinion
“To be honest, I didn’t really enjoy the party.”
wielokrotny, powtarzający się
repeatedly
done or happening more than once
“He has refused repeated requests to be interviewed.”
-
offense
US spelling of offence
wyzdrowienie, poprawa samopoczucia
recovery
the process of getting better after an illness, injury, or period of sadness
“She only had the operation last month but she’s made a good recovery.”
poprawa
recovery
a process in which a system or situation returns to the way it was before something bad happened
“economic recovery “,
“The housing industry has made a remarkable recovery.”
odzyskanie, zwrot
recovery
the act of getting back something that was lost or stolen
“the recovery of stolen jewels”
obraz
painting
a picture that someone has painted
malowanie, malarstwo
painting
the activity of painting pictures or painting surfaces
cztery
four
the number 4
miejski
urban
belonging or relating to a town or city
“urban areas”,
“urban development”
telewizja
TV
abbreviation for television
“What’s on TV tonight?”,
“We could stay in and watch TV.”
podążać (za), chodzić za, śledzić
follow
to move behind someone or something and go where they go, sometimes secretly
“She followed me into the kitchen.”,
“He employed a private detective to follow his wife.”
nastąpić (po)
follow
to happen or come after something
“The weeks that followed were the happiest days of my life.”,
“There was a bang, followed by a cloud of smoke.”
trzymać się ścieżki/drogi itp.
follow
to travel along a path/road, etc
“Follow the main road down to the traffic lights.”
stosować się do poleceń/zasad itp.
follow
to do what the instructions/orders/rules, etc say you should do
“I followed your advice and stayed at home.”
brać z kogoś przykład
follow
to copy someone’s behaviour or ideas
“You should follow Meg’s example and tidy your room.”
rozumieć
follow
to understand something
“Could you say that again? I didn’t quite follow.”
śledzić
follow
to be interested in an event or activity
“I followed the trial closely.”
co lub jak następuje , następująco
follow
used to introduce a list or description
stąd wynika , że
follow
used to say that if one thing is true, another thing will also be true
“He’s big, but it doesn’t follow that he’s strong.”
