Deck 14 Flashcards
instytucja
institutional
a large and important organization, such as a university or bank
“one of the country’s top medical institutions”
instytucja
institutional
a building where people are sent so they can be looked after, for example a prison or hospital
instytucja
institutional
a custom that has existed for a long time
“the institution of marriage”
wydawca
publisher
a company or person who prepares and prints books, newspapers, magazines, etc
osiem
eight
the number 8
leżeć w/na itp.
lie
to be in a horizontal or flat position on a surface
"to lie in bed", "to lie on a beach", "to lie on your side", "The pen lay on the desk.", "She had lain where she fell until morning."
leżeć gdzieś
lie
to be in a particular place
“The river lies 30 km to the south of the city.”
kłamać
lie
to say or write something that is not true in order to deceive someone
“Are you lying to me?”,
“He lied about his qualifications for the job.”
kłamstwo
lie
something that you say or write which you know is not true
“I told a lie when I said I liked her haircut.”
fantazja
fantasy
a situation or event that you imagine, which is not real or true
placek, zapiekanka
pie
a type of food made with meat, vegetables, or fruit which is covered in pastry and baked
“apple/meat pie”
duchowy
spiritual
relating to deep feelings and beliefs, especially religious beliefs
“a spiritual leader”
młodszy, niski lub niższy rangą
junior
low or lower in rank
“a junior minister/senator”
(dla) juniorów
junior
for or relating to young people
“a junior tennis tournament”
junior, młodszy
junior
used at the end of a man’s name to show that he is the younger of two men in the same family who have the same name
“Hello, I’d like to speak to Mr Anderson, Junior.”
być od kogoś 10/20 itp. lat młodszym
junior
to be 10, 20, etc years younger than someone
“My wife is 8 years my junior.”
student/ka trzeciego roku , ucze-ń/nnica trzeciej klasy liceum
junior
a student in their third year of study at an American college or high school (= school for students aged 15 to 18)
dziecko w młodszym wieku szkolnym
junior
a child who goes to a junior school
konstrukcja
design
the way in which something is planned and made
“There was a fault in the design of the aircraft.”
projekt
design
a drawing that shows how an object, machine, or building will be made
“Engineers are working on the new designs.”
wzór
design
a pattern or decoration
projektowanie, wzornictwo
design
the process of making drawings to show how something will be made
“a course in art and design”
projektować
design
to draw or plan something before making it
“She designs furniture.”
mieć coś na celu
design
to have been planned or done for a particular purpose
“The new law is designed to protect children.”
minister
minister
a politician who is responsible for a government department or has an important position in it
“a finance/health minister”
duchowny
minister
a priest in some Christian churches
“a Baptist/Methodist minister”
tymczasowy
temporary
existing or happening for only a short or limited time
“a temporary job”,
“temporary accommodation/housing”
twardy
hard
firm and stiff, and not easy to press or bend
“a hard surface”,
“The seats in the waiting room were hard and uncomfortable.”
trudny
hard
difficult to do or understand
“It must be hard to study with all this noise.”,
“Actually, the exam wasn’t that hard.”,
“Quitting my job was the hardest decision I ever had to make.”
ciężki
hard
using or done with a lot of effort
“the long, hard struggle “,
“With a bit of hard work and determination we might still finish on time.”
trudny, ciężki
hard
full of problems and difficult to deal with
“My grandparents had a very hard life.”,
“The past few months must’ve been really hard for you.”
surowy, twardy
hard
not gentle or kind
“She had a cold, hard look in her eyes.”
traktować kogoś surowobyć dla kogoś trudnym
hard
to criticize someone too much or treat them unfairlyto make someone unhappy by causing them problems
“You shouldn’t be so hard on yourself.”,
“Our divorce has been particularly hard on the children.”
stanowić trudną próbę
hard
to damage something or make it have problems
“Stress can be hard on any relationship.”
być mądrym po szkodzie , uczyć się na błędach
hard
to do or learn something by experiencing a lot of problems or difficulty
czepiać się kogoś
hard
to criticize someone or to treat them unfairly
“He gave me a hard time about losing his keys.”
ciężko
hard
with a lot of effort
“She tried very hard but she wasn’t quite fast enough.”,
“You’ll have to work harder, if you want to pass this exam.”
mocno
hard
with a lot of force
“It’s been raining hard all day.”,
“She kicked the ball as hard as she could.”
zapraszać
invite
to ask someone to come to a social event
“They’ve invited us to the wedding.”
zapraszać
invite
to officially ask someone to do something
“I was invited to appear on television.”
prowokować
invite
to do something that is likely to cause a particular reaction or result, especially a bad one
“Unconventional ideas often invite attack.”
zaproszenie
invite
an invitation
osiągać
accomplish
to succeed in doing something good
“I feel as if I’ve accomplished nothing all day.”
przetrwanie, przeżycie
survival
the fact of continuing to live or exist, especially after a difficult or dangerous situation
“Flood victims had to fight for survival.”
cena
price
the amount of money that you pay to buy something
“high/low prices “,
“House prices are falling/rising.”,
“The price of fuel has gone up again.”
cena
price
the unpleasant results that you must accept or experience for getting or doing something
“Suspension from the club was a high/small price to pay (= very bad/not very bad thing to experience) for his mistake.”,
“The price of this peace will be perpetual vigilance.”
za odpowiednią cenę
price
If you can get something at a price, you have to pay a lot of money for it.
“False passports are available, at a price.”
za wszelką cenę
price
If you want something at any price, you will do anything to get it.
“She wanted the job at any price.”
wycenić, ≈ kosztować
price
to say what the price of something is
“The book is priced at $40.”
wyraża przyszłość
will
used to talk about what is going to happen in the future, especially things that you are certain about
“Claire will be five next month.”,
“I’ll see him on Saturday.”,
“She’ll have a great time.”
chcieć, zechcieć
will
used to talk about what someone or something is willing or able to do
“Ask Susie if she’ll take them.”,
“I’ve asked her but she won’t come.”,
“The car won’t start.”
zechcesz …?, możesz …?
will
used to ask someone to do something or to politely offer something to someone
“Will you give me her address?”,
“Will you have a drink with us, Phil?”
tłumaczymy czasem przyszłym
will
used in conditional sentences that start with ‘if’ and use the present tense
“If he’s late again I’ll be very angry.”
zawsze
will
used to talk about something that often happens, especially something annoying
“Accidents will happen.”,
“He will keep talking when I’m trying to concentrate.”
to musi być, to na pewno
will
used to talk about what is probably true
“That will be Helen at the front door.”,
“That will be his mother with him.”
wola
will
the mental power to control your thoughts and actions or to succeed in doing something difficult
“She has a very strong will.”,
“He lacks the will to win.”
wola
will
what someone wants
“She was forced to marry him against her will.”
testament
will
a legal document that gives instructions about what should happen to your money and possessions after you die
“She left me some money in her will.”
kwas
acid
one of several liquid substances with a pH of less than 7 that react with other substances, often burning or dissolving them
“hydrochloric acid”
kwaśny
acid
containing acid, or having similar qualities to an acid
“acid soil”,
“an acid smell/taste”
uszczypliwa uwaga
acid
an unkind remark that criticizes someone
mógł itp. , można było
could
used as the past form of ‘can’ to talk about what someone or something was able or allowed to do
“I couldn’t see what he was doing.”,
“You said we could watch television when we’d finished our homework.”
może, można
could
used to talk about what is possible or might happen
“The baby could arrive any day now.”,
“This kind of crime could easily be prevented.”,
“She could have been seriously injured.”
mógłbyś itp.
could
used to ask someone politely to do or provide something
“Could you lend me £5?”,
“Could I have another drink?”
mógłbym itp.
could
used to ask politely for permission to do something
“Could I speak to Mr Davis, please?”
mógłbyś itp.
could
used to make a suggestion
“You could try painting it a different colour.”
miałem ochotę , o mało nie
could
used when you feel so happy, sad, angry, etc that you would like to do something
“I was so grateful I could have kissed her!”
morderstwo
murder
the crime of intentionally killing someone
“to commit murder “,
“She was charged with attempted murder.”,
“a murder charge/trial”
być katorgą , ≈ to katorga
murder
to be unpleasant or cause difficulty
“Driving in Chicago at rush hour is murder.”
zamordować
murder
to kill someone intentionally and illegally
“He was murdered by a former employee.”,
“She was accused of/convicted of murdering her husband.”
agent/ka
agent
someone whose job is to deal with business for someone else
“The company has agents all over the world.”,
“a literary agent”
agent/ka, wywiadow-ca/czyni
agent
someone who tries to find out secret information, especially about another country
och, ojej
oh
used before you say something, often before replying to what someone has said
"”Ian’s going.” “Oh, I didn’t realize.””,
““I’m so sorry.” “Oh, don’t worry.””
o
oh
used to show an emotion or to emphasize your opinion about something
“Oh, no! I don’t believe it!”,
““I don’t think I can come.” “Oh, that’s a shame.””,
“Oh, how sweet of you!”
wpływ
impact
the effect that a person, event, or situation has on someone or something
“Latino singers have had a major impact on pop music this year.”
uderzenie
impact
the force or action of one object hitting another
“The impact of the collision threw her out of the van.”,
“The missile explodes on impact (= when it hits another object).”
wpływać na
impact
to affect something or someone
“Rising interest rates are sure to impact on the housing market.”
alternatywa
alternative
one of two or more things that you can choose between
“It’s a low-fat alternative to butter.”,
“After the public protests the government had no alternative but to change its policy.”
alternatywny
alternative
An alternative plan, method, etc is one that you can use if you do not want to use another one.
“We can make alternative arrangements if necessary.”
alternatywny
alternative
different to what is usual or traditional
“alternative comedy “,
“an alternative lifestyle”
demonstracja
demonstration
an occasion when a group of people march or stand together to show that they disagree with or support someone or something
“They’re taking part in a demonstration against the causes of climate change.”
demonstracja, pokaz
demonstration
an occasion when someone shows how to do something, or how something works
“We asked the sales assistant to give us a demonstration.”
dowód
demonstration
proof that something exists or is true
“This disaster is a clear demonstration of the need for tighter controls.”
niemożliwy
impossible
If an action or event is impossible, it cannot happen or be done.
“an impossible task”,
“He finds walking almost impossible.”,
“It was impossible to sleep because of the noise.”
beznadziejny
impossible
very difficult to deal with
“You just can’t reason with her, she’s absolutely impossible.”,
“You’re putting me in an impossible position.”
rzecz niemożliwa , niemożliwość
impossible
something that it is not possible to have or achieve
utrzymanie
living
the money that you earn from your job
“to earn/make a living “,
“What does he do for a living (= how does he earn money)?”
życie na wsi /zdrowe życie itp.
living
the way in which you live your life
żyjący
living
alive now
“He’s probably the best known living photographer.”
żywy
living
alive
“living organisms”,
“living things “
implikacja
implication
a result or effect that seems likely in the future
“financial/health implications”,
“This scheme has serious implications for the local economy.”
sugestia, implikacja
implication
the act of suggesting something without saying it directly
“The implication was that the school had to do much better or it would be closed.”
udział, zamieszanie
implication
the act of implicating something or someone in something bad
zamiast (tego), w zamian
instead
in the place of someone or something else
“If you don’t want pizza, we can have pasta instead.”,
“I’m going swimming on Monday instead of Friday now.”,
“Why don’t you help instead of just complaining?”
pukać, stukać
knock
to make a noise by hitting something, especially a door, with your closed hand in order to attract someone’s attention
“There’s someone knocking at/on the door.”,
“Please knock before entering.”
przewracać, zrzucać
knock
to hit something or someone and make them move or fall down
“He accidentally knocked the vase off the table.”,
“I knocked over the mug.”,
“He was knocked unconscious by the blast.”
czepiać się
knock
to criticize someone or something, often unfairly
“She knocks every suggestion I make.”
pukanie, stukanie
knock
a sudden short noise made when something or someone hits a surface
“a knock at/on the door”
uderzenie
knock
a hit, sometimes causing damage or injury
“a knock on the head”
cytować
quote
to repeat what someone has said or written
“I was quoting from Marx.”,
“Witnesses were quoted as saying there were two gunmen.”
podawać
quote
to give a fact or example in order to support what you are saying
“The minister quoted recent unemployment figures.”
wyceniać
quote
to say how much a piece of work will cost before you do it
cytat
quote
short for quotation
talent, zdolności
talent
a natural ability to do something
“She showed an early talent for drawing.”
język
language
communication between people, usually using words
“She has done research into how children acquire language.”
język
language
a type of communication used by the people of a particular country
“How many languages do you speak?”
język
language
words of a particular type, especially the words used by people in a particular job
“legal language”,
“the language of business”
język
language
a system of instructions that is used to write computer programs
cenny, wartościowy
valuable
Valuable objects could be sold for a lot of money.
“valuable paintings and antiques”
cenny
valuable
Valuable information, help, advice, etc is very helpful.
odwiedzać, składać wizytę
visit
to go to someone’s home and spend time with them
“We have friends coming to visit this weekend.”
odwiedzać
visit
to go to a place and spend a short amount of time there
“Did you visit St Petersburg while you were in Russia?”
odwiedziny
visit
to look at a website
wizyta
visit
an occasion when you visit a place or a person
“the President’s visit to Hong Kong”,
“Why don’t you pay him a visit (= visit him)?”
rozwijać (się), powiększać (się)
expand
to increase in size or amount, or to make something increase
“We are hoping to expand our range of products.”,
“Electronic services are rapidly expanding to meet demand.”
przestępczość
crime
illegal activities
“violent crime “,
“Tough new measures have been introduced to fight crime. “
przestępstwo
crime
something someone does that is illegal
“He committed a serious crime.”
budynek
building
a structure with walls and a roof, such as a house, school, etc
“an office building”
budowa
building
the activity of putting together materials and parts to make structures
“building materials”
nas, nam, nami
us
used after a verb or preposition to refer to the person who is speaking or writing and one or more other people
“She gave us all a present.”,
“Would you like to have dinner with us next Saturday?”
język
tongue
the soft thing inside your mouth that you move and use for tasting and speaking
ozór, ozorek
tongue
the tongue of some animals that you can eat as meat
język
tongue
a language
“Japanese is her native tongue (= the language she learnt to speak as a child).”
