Deck 16 Flashcards
organizować
organize
to plan or arrange something
“to organize a meeting/wedding”
kierowca
driver
someone who drives a vehicle
“a bus/train driver “
produkt, wyrób
product
something that is made or grown to be sold
“They have a new range of skin-care products.”,
“Does she eat dairy products (= things made from milk)?”
wytwór czegoś , rezultat czegoś
product
someone or something that is the result of a particular experience or process
“His lack of confidence is the product of an unhappy childhood.”
produkt (reakcji)
product
a substance formed by a chemical reaction
iloczyn
product
the number you get when you multiply one number by another
szkic, projekt
draft
a piece of writing or a plan that is not yet in its finished form
“He made several changes to the first draft.”
pobór
draft
an arrangement in which people are told that they must join the armed forces
przeciąg
draft
US spelling of draught (= a current of cold air in a room)
szkicować, sporządzać projekt lub szkic lub pierwszą wersję
draft
to produce a piece of writing or a plan that you intend to change later
“to draft a letter “
powoływać do wojska
draft
to order someone to join the armed forces
płacić (za), zapłacić (za), opłacić
pay
to give money to someone because you are buying something from them, or because you owe them money
“Helen paid for the tickets.”,
“Did you pay the telephone bill?”,
“You can pay by cash or credit card.”
płacić, zapłacić
pay
to give someone money for the work that they do
“She gets paid twice a month.”,
“People work for them because they pay well.”,
“We paid them 1000 euros for the work.”,
“a paid job”
opłacać się, popłacać
pay
to be a good thing to do because it gives you money or an advantage
“Crime doesn’t pay.”
płacić (za), zapłacić (za)
pay
to suffer because of something bad you have done
“He’s certainly paying for his mistakes.”
uważać
pay
to look at or listen to someone or something carefully
“I missed what she was saying because I wasn’t paying attention.”
powiedzieć komuś komplement
pay
to tell someone that you admire something about them
wyrażać uznanie dla kogoś/czegoś , składać komuś/czemuś hołd
pay
to thank someone or say that you admire someone or something, especially in public
“He paid tribute to his former teacher.”
składać komuś/gdzieś wizytę
pay
to visit a place or a person, usually for a short time
płaca, wynagrodzenie
pay
the money you receive from your employer for doing your job
“a pay rise/ US a pay raise “,
“good rates of pay “
doświadczenie
experience
knowledge that you get from doing a job, or from doing, seeing, or feeling something
“Do you have any experience of working with children?”,
“He knows from experience not to play with fire.”,
“In my experience, people smile back if you smile at them.”
doświadczenie
experience
something that happens to you that affects how you feel
“My trip to Australia was an experience I’ll never forget.”
doświadczać, przeżywać
experience
If you experience something, it happens to you, or you feel it.
“It was the worst pain I had ever experienced.”,
“We experienced a lot of difficulty in selling our house.”
tydzień
week
a period of seven days
“last week/next week”,
“I’ve got three exams this week.”,
“We get paid every week.”
tydzień (roboczy), dni powszednie
week
the five days from Monday to Friday when people usually go to work or school
“I don’t go out much during the week.”
pakować (się)
pack
to put your things into bags or boxes when you are going on holiday or leaving the place where you live
“I’ve got to go home and pack.”,
“to pack your bags “
wypełniać
pack
If people pack a place, there are so many of them in it that it is very crowded.
“Thousands of fans packed the club.”
pudełko, opakowanie
pack
a small box that contains several of the same thing
“a pack of cigarettes”
plecak
pack
a bag that you carry on your back
sfora, stado
pack
a group of animals that live together, especially those of the dog family
“a pack of wolves “
talia
pack
a set of playing cards
dla czegoś , ze względu na coś , przez wzgląd na coś
sake
for this reason or purpose
“For the sake of convenience, they combined the two departments.”,
“For safety’s sake, you shouldn’t swim alone.”
przez wzgląd na kogoś , ze względu na kogoś
sake
in order to help or please someone
“He begged her to stay for the sake of the children.”
na miłość/litość boską
sake
something you say when you are angry about something
“For heaven’s sake, stop moaning!”
cały
whole
complete, including every part
“She spent the whole afternoon studying.”,
“The whole family went to the show.”
cały, w całości
whole
as a single object and not in pieces
“The chick swallowed the worm whole.”
całe coś
whole
all of something
“His behaviour affects the whole of the class.”
jako całość
whole
when considered as a group and not in parts
“The population as a whole is getting healthier.”
ogólnie (rzecz) biorąc
whole
generally
“We’ve had a few problems, but on the whole we’re very happy.”
perspektywa
prospect
the possibility that something good might happen in the future
“Is there any prospect of the weather improving?”
perspektywa
prospect
the idea of something that will happen in the future
“We face the prospect of having to start all over again.”,
“I’m very excited at the prospect of seeing her again.”
czyjeś perspektywy
prospect
the possibility of being successful at work
“He’s hoping the course will improve his career prospects.”
ławka
bench
a long seat for two or more people, usually made of wood or metal
“a park bench”
ławka rezerwowych (wysoki) sąd, przysięgli , ława przysięgłych
bench
in some sports, a place where players sit when they are not playinga judge in court, or judges as a group
“Please address your comments to the bench.”
konserwacja, utrzymanie
maintenance
the work that is done to keep something in good condition
“car maintenance”,
“I want a garden that’s very low maintenance (= easy to look after).”
alimenty
maintenance
regular amounts of money that someone must pay after they have left their family so that the family still has money to live on
“child maintenance “
wpływowy, potężny
powerful
A powerful person is able to control and influence people and events.
“a powerful man/woman”
potężny, mocny
powerful
having a lot of strength or force
“a powerful engine/weapon”
silny
powerful
having a strong effect on people
“a powerful effect/influence “
afrykański
African
relating or belonging to Africa
“African art/music”
przestraszony, wystraszony, ≈ bać się
scared
frightened or worried
“Robert’s scared of heights.”,
“I was scared to death (= very frightened).”,
“We were scared that we’d be killed.”
trzydzieści
thirty
the number 30
lata trzydzieste
thirty
the years from 1930 to 1939
mieć po trzydziestce
thirty
to be between the ages of 30 and 39
jakość
quality
how good or bad something is
“good/high quality “,
“poor/low quality “,
“The air quality in this area is terrible.”,
“All we are asking for is a decent quality of life.”,
“The spokeswoman says a quality control system is being developed for next year.”
jakość
quality
the fact of being very good or well made
“A designer label isn’t necessarily a guarantee of quality.”
cecha
quality
part of the character or personality of someone or something
“leadership qualities”,
“Joe has a lot of good qualities, but I don’t think he has the ability to discipline the team.”
wysokiej jakości , wartościowy
quality
very good
“We only sell quality products in this store.”
oświadczać, ogłaszać
declare
to announce something publicly or officially
“to declare war”,
“Scientists have declared that this meat is safe to eat.”
deklarować, zgłaszać
declare
to officially tell someone the value of goods you have bought, or the amount of money you have earned because you might have to pay tax
“Do you have anything to declare?”
jakiś, (= z przeczeniem) żaden
any
used in questions and negatives to mean ‘some’
“Is there any of that lemon cake left?”,
“I haven’t seen any of his films.”,
“I asked Andrew for some change but he hasn’t got any.”
każdy, jakikolwiek
any
one of or each of a particular kind of person or thing when it is not important which
“Can you pass me a spoon? Any will do.”,
“Any advice that you can give me would be greatly appreciated.”,
“Any of those shirts would be fine.”
(choć) trochę, (= z przeczeniem) ani trochę
any
used in questions and negatives to emphasize a comparative adjective or adverb
“Do you feel any better?”,
“I can’t walk any faster.”,
“She couldn’t wait any longer.”
ucze-ń/nnica, student/ka
student
someone who is studying at a school or university
“a law student”,
“a foreign student”
emerytura, przejście na emeryturę
retirement
the time at which you leave your job and stop working, usually because you are old
“He’s taking early retirement.”
emerytura
retirement
the period of your life after you have stopped working
“We wish you a long and happy retirement.”
organizować, załatwiać
arrange
to make the necessary plans and preparations for something to happen
“to arrange a meeting”,
“I’ll arrange for a car to come and pick you up.”,
“We’ve arranged to visit the house on Saturday afternoon.”
układać
arrange
to put objects in a particular order or position
“The books are arranged alphabetically by author.”,
“We arranged the chairs in a circle.”
wpływ, efekt, skutek
effect
a change, reaction, or result that is caused by something
“The accident had a huge effect on her life.”,
“We don’t know the long-term effects of this drug.”
w praktyce
effect
used to say what the real situation is
“This means, in effect, that the plan has been scrapped.”
wchodzić w życie
effect
to start being used
“New food safety rules come into effect on Monday.”
zaczynać działać
effect
to start to produce results or changes
“The anaesthetic takes effect in about ten minutes.”
w tym stylu lub sensie
effect
used to say that you are giving the general meaning of something but not the exact words
“He said he was bored with school or something to that effect.”
efekt dźwiękowy/specjalny/wizualny itp.
effect
a sound, image, etc that is created artificially
doprowadzać do, dokonywać
effect
to make something happen
“The civil rights movement effected a huge change in America.”
moralny
moral
relating to beliefs about what is right or wrong
“moral standards/values “,
“a moral issue “
moralny, z zasadami
moral
behaving in a way that most people think is correct and honest
“He’s a very moral person.”
morał
moral
something you learn from a story or event about how to behave
“The moral of the story is never lie.”
upuszczać
drop
to let something you are carrying fall to the ground
“She tripped and dropped the vase.”,
“The dog dropped the stick at my feet.”
upadać, spadać
drop
to fall
“The ball dropped to the ground.”
spadać, obniżać się
drop
If a level or amount drops, it becomes less.
“Unemployment has dropped from 8% to 6% in the last year.”
podrzucić
drop
to take someone or something to a place, usually by car as you travel somewhere else
“I can drop you at the station on my way to work.”
zarzucać, rzucać
drop
If you drop a plan, activity, or idea, you stop doing or planning it.
“Plans for a new supermarket have been dropped.”,
“When we heard the news, we dropped everything (= stopped what we were doing) and rushed to the hospital.”
wykluczać, wyłączać
drop
to decide to stop including someone in a group or team
“The coach dropped me from the team.”
dać spokój/zejść z tematu
drop
to stop talking about something, especially because it is annoying or upsetting someone
ściszać (= głos), ≈ mówić ciszej
drop
If your voice drops, or if you drop your voice, you talk more quietly.
kropla
drop
a small, round-shaped amount of liquid
“I felt a few drops of rain.”
spadek
drop
a reduction in the level or amount of something
“There has been a drop in crime recently.”
odrobina, kropelka
drop
a small amount of a liquid you can drink
“Would you like a drop more milk?”
spadek
drop
a vertical distance down from somewhere to the ground
“It’s a drop of about 50 metres from the top of the cliff.”
izba
chamber
a room used for an official or special purpose
“a debating chamber”,
“a burial chamber”
izba
chamber
one of the groups that a parliament is divided into
“the upper/lower chamber “
komora
chamber
a closed space in a machine or in your body
“the left chamber of the heart”
znaczyć, oznaczać
mean
to have a particular meaning
“What does ‘perpendicular’ mean?”,
“The red light means stop.”
mieć na myśli
mean
to intend to express a fact or opinion
“I didn’t mean that as a criticism.”,
“That’s what I meant when I said he’s been acting oddly.”,
“What exactly do you mean by ‘old-fashioned’?”
zamierzać coś ( zrobić )
mean
to intend to do something
“I didn’t mean to hurt her.”
oznaczać, znaczyć
mean
to have a particular result
“These changes will mean better health care for everyone.”,
“It doesn’t mean that you can stop working.”
mówić poważnie
mean
to be serious about something that you have said
“I’ll take that sandwich away if you don’t eat it properly - I mean it!”
znaczyć
mean
to have an important emotional effect on someone
“You don’t know what it means to me to get this letter.”,
“Their support has meant a lot to us.”
mieć (zamiar) coś zrobić
mean
to have been wanting and planning to do something
“I’ve been meaning to call you for weeks.”
( ktoś ) powinien itp. coś zrobić
mean
If you are meant to do something, that is what you should do in order to behave correctly.
“You’re meant to shake the bottle first.”,
“He’s not meant to drive any more.”
mieć dobre intencje
mean
to intend to behave in a kind way
“I know my parents mean well, but I wish they wouldn’t interfere.”
to znaczy to znaczy , przepraszam
mean
something that people often say before they continue their sentencesomething that you say in order to correct yourself
“I mean, I don’t dislike her.”,
“We went there in May - I mean June.”
podły, złośliwy
mean
unkind and unpleasant
“I thought my sister was being mean to me.”
skąpy
mean
A mean person does not like spending money, especially on other people.
“He’s too mean to buy her a ring.”
groźny
mean
A mean person or animal is strong and violent, and makes people frightened.
“He’s a big, mean guy.”
zabójczy, boski
mean
very good
“I make a mean spaghetti.”
średni
mean
In maths, a mean number is an average number.
“Their mean age at death was 84.6.”
średnia
mean
the average
najatrakcyjniejszy/najważniejszy/najbardziej popularny itp.
most
used to show that someone or something has the greatest amount of a quality
“She’s the most beautiful girl I’ve ever seen.”,
“There are various reasons but this is the most important.”
najbardziej
most
more than anyone or anything else
“Which subject do you like most?”,
“Sam enjoyed the swings most of all.”
większość
most
almost all of something, or a group of people or things
“Most people think he’s guilty.”,
“Most of our students walk to school.”,
“She wears jeans most of the time.”
najwięcej
most
a larger amount than anyone or anything else
“This one costs the most.”,
“Which of you earns most?”
najwięcej
most
the largest number or amount possible
“That’s the most I can pay you.”
maksymalnie coś wykorzystywać
most
to take full advantage of something because it may not last long
“We should make the most of this good weather.”
(co) najwyżej
most
not more than a particular amount or number
“The journey will take an hour at the most.”
wysportowany
athletic
strong, healthy, and good at sports
sportowy
athletic
relating to athletes or to the sport of athletics
Could you fill in the form, please? I’ll have the curry, please. Please may I use your telephone?
please
something that you say to be polite when you are asking for something or asking someone to do something
“Could you fill in the form, please?”,
“I’ll have the curry, please.”,
“Please may I use your telephone?”
Dziękuję , chętnie!
please
used to accept something politely
"”Would you like a lift home?” “Oh yes, please.””
zadowalać, sprawiać przyjemność
please
to make someone happy
“the desire to please”,
“I only got married to please my parents.”
co/jak/cokolwiek itp. (tylko) chcesz
please
used to say that someone can have or do anything they want
“Feel free to talk about anything you please.”,
“He can come and go as he pleases.”
Jak (sobie) chcesz !
please
a slightly rude way of telling someone that you do not care what they choose to do
"”I don’t want anything to eat.” “Please yourself.””
intelektualny
intellectual
using or relating to your ability to think and understand things
“intellectual work”,
“intellectual and physical development”
inteligentny
intellectual
interested in learning and in thinking about complicated ideas
“She’s very intellectual.”
intelektualist-a/ka
intellectual
someone who enjoys studying and thinking about complicated ideas
interpretacja
interpretation
an explanation or opinion of what something means
“traditional interpretations of the Bible”
interpretacja
interpretation
the way someone performs a particular play, piece of music, etc
“a beautiful interpretation of Swan Lake”
zatwierdzać
approve
to allow or officially agree to something
“The council has approved plans for a new shopping centre.”
pochwalać
approve
to think that something is good or right
“I don’t approve of smoking.”
Internet
Internet
the system that connects computers all over the world and allows people who use computers to look at websites (= electronic documents)
“She found a lot of information on the Internet.”
reprezentacja, przedstawicielstwo
representation
speaking or doing something officially for another person
“Can he afford legal representation?”
przedstawienie
representation
the way someone or something is shown
“an accurate representation of country life”
daleko
far
used to talk about how distant something is
“It’s the first time I’ve been so far away from home.”,
“How far is it to the supermarket?”,
“Versailles is not far from Paris.”,
“In the summer the herds move farther north.”
długo, dawno, daleko
far
a long time
“How far back can you remember?”,
“We need to plan further ahead.”
znacznie lepszy/tańszy/więcej itp.
far
much better/cheaper/more, etc
“Young people are far more independent these days.”
o wiele za trudny/drogi/późno
far
much too difficult/expensive/late, etc
“She was wearing a coat that was far too big for her.”
o ile mi wiadomo
far
used to say what you think is true, although you do not know all the facts
“As far as I know, they haven’t reached a decision yet.”
jeśli chodzi o kogoś
far
used to say what someone’s opinion is
“It’s all over as far as I’m concerned.”
jeśli chodzi o coś
far
used to say what you are talking about
“As far as sport’s concerned, I like tennis and football.”
zdecydowanie
far
used to emphasize that something is the biggest, the best, etc
“This is his best film by far.”
daleki od czegoś
far
certainly not something
“The situation is far from clear.”
daleki od czegoś
far
certainly not doing something
“Far from being pleased, he was embarrassed by the praise.”
bynajmniej, ani trochę
far
used to tell someone that something is certainly not true
“He’s not handsome - far from it.”
(na tyle,) na ile to możliwe
far
as much as is possible
“We try to buy organic food as far as possible.”
posunąć się do czegoś
far
to take the extreme action of doing something
“He even went so far as to stop her from using the telephone.”
posunąć się za daleko
far
to behave in a way that upsets or annoys other people
“He’s said some stupid things in the past, but this time he’s gone too far.”
w jakim stopniu
far
used to talk about how true something is
“How far do politicians represent the views of ordinary people?”
jak dotąd
far
until now
“So far, we haven’t made much progress.”
byle tak dalej
far
used to say that something has gone well until now
niewiele znaczyć
far
If something such as money does not go far, you cannot do very much with it.
“£100 doesn’t go very far these days.”
daleki, drugi
far
describes the part of something that is most distant from you or from the centre
“His office is at the far end of the corridor.”,
“They live in the far south of the country.”
radykalna lewica/prawica
far
used to describe political groups whose opinions are very extreme
upaść
collapse
When someone collapses, they fall down, usually because they are sick or weak.
“He collapsed and died of a heart attack.”
zawalić się
collapse
to fall down or towards the inside, or to make a structure or object fall down or towards its inside
“The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.”
załamać się
collapse
to fail to work or succeed
“The peace talks have collapsed.”
załamanie, upadek
collapse
the sudden failure of a system, organization, business, etc
upadek
collapse
an occasion when a person or structure becomes too weak to stand and suddenly falls
wysoki
high
having a large distance from the bottom to the top
“a high building/mountain”
wysoki
high
a large distance above the ground or the level of the sea
“a high shelf/window”,
“The village was high up in the mountains.”
wysoki
high
used to say how big the distance is from the top of something to the bottom, or how far above the ground something is
“How high is it?”,
“It’s ten metres high.”
wysoki
high
great in amount, size, or level
“a high temperature”,
“high prices/costs”,
“The car sped away at high speed.”
wysoki
high
very good
“high standards/quality”
wysoki
high
important, powerful, or at the top level of something
“a high rank”,
“Safety is our highest priority.”
naćpany, na haju
high
If someone is high, they are behaving in an unusual way because they have taken an illegal drug.
“The whole band seemed to be high on heroin.”
wysoki
high
A high sound or note is near the top of the set of sounds that people can hear.
zawierający dużo czegoś , z wysoką zawartością czegoś
high
If a food is high in something, it contains a lot of it.
“Avoid foods that are high in salt.”
wysoko
high
at or to a large distance above the ground
“We flew high above the city.”,
“He threw the ball high into the air.”
wysoko
high
at or to a large amount or level
“Temperatures rose as high as 40 degrees.”
maksimum, najwyższy poziom
high
the top amount or level that something reaches
“Computer ownership has reached an all-time high (= more people own computers than ever before).”
ekstaza, rausz
high
a feeling of excitement or happiness
“The players are still on a high from their last match.”
szybki
fast
moving, happening, or doing something quickly
“fast cars”,
“a fast swimmer”,
“Computers are getting faster all the time.”
≈ spieszyć się
fast
If a clock or watch is fast, it shows a time that is later than the correct time.
“My watch is five minutes fast.”
szybko
fast
moving or happening quickly
“We ran as fast as we could.”,
“You’ll have to act fast.”
śpiący głęboko
fast
completely asleep (= sleeping)
mocno
fast
in a firm or tight way
“He tried to get away, but she held him fast.”
pościć
fast
to eat nothing, or much less than you usually eat for a period of time
cześć
hello
used to greet someone
“Hello, Chris, how are things?”
halo
hello
used to start a conversation on the telephone
“Hello, this is Alex.”
dziedzictwo, spuścizna
heritage
the buildings, paintings, customs, etc that are important in a culture or society because they have existed for a long time
“our architectural/cultural heritage”
poet-a/ka
poet
someone who writes poems
za
beyond
on the other side of something
“Our house is just beyond the bridge.”
ponad
beyond
continuing after a particular time or date
“A lot of people now live beyond the age of 80.”
nie do uwierzenia/naprawy/poznania itp.
beyond
impossible to believe/repair/recognize, etc
“Steven had changed beyond all recognition.”
niezrozumiały dla, ponad możliwości
beyond
If something is beyond you, you cannot understand it.
“Computer studies is completely beyond me.”,
“It’s beyond me why anyone would want to buy that house.”
poza, oprócz
beyond
except for
“She said very little beyond the occasional ‘yes’ and ‘no’.”
poza
beyond
involving or affecting other things or people than the ones you have talked about
“You should try to develop interests beyond the family.”
za nim/nią/nimi, po drugiej stronie
beyond
on the other side of something
“From the top of the hill, we could see our house and the woods beyond.”
później
beyond
continuing after a particular time or date
“The strike looks set to continue into March and beyond.”
zgadzać się
agree
to have the same opinion as someone
“I agree with you.”,
““She’s definitely the right person for the job.” “I agree.””,
“We all agreed that mistakes had been made.”,
“We agree about most things.”
zgadzać się
agree
to say you will do something that someone asks you to do
“She agreed to help him.”
uzgadniać
agree
to decide something with someone
“We couldn’t agree on what to buy.”,
“They agreed to meet on Sunday.”,
“We agreed that they would deliver the sofa in the morning.”
pokrywać się
agree
If two descriptions agree, they are the same.
okropny, straszny
awful
very bad, of low quality, or unpleasant
“an awful place”,
“The film was absolutely awful.”
strasznie dużo ( czegoś )
awful
a large amount
“It cost an awful lot of money.”
żelazo
iron
a dark grey metal used to make steel (= very strong metal) and found in small amounts in blood and food (formula Fe)
“an iron bar/gate”,
“Most women need more iron in their diet.”
żelazko
iron
a piece of electrical equipment that you use for making clothes flat and smooth
prasować
iron
to make clothes flat and smooth using an iron
“I need to iron a shirt to wear tomorrow.”
żelazny
iron
extremely strong and determined
“a man of iron will “
zdrowie
health
the condition of your body
“to be in good/poor health “,
“Regular exercise is good for your health.”
kondycja
health
how successful and strong something is
“the financial health of the business”
pusty
empty
If something is empty, it does not contain any things or people.
“an empty house/street”,
“empty bottles/glasses”,
“The train was completely empty when it reached London.”
pusty
empty
having no meaning or value
“an empty promise/threat “
opróżniać, wyrzucać, wylewać
empty
If you empty a container, or if you empty the things inside it, you remove everything from it.
“Where can I empty this ashtray?”,
“He emptied the dirty water into the sink.”
opróżniać się, pustoszeć
empty
to become empty
“The room emptied rapidly when the fire started.”
środki, fundusze
funding
money given by a government or organization for an event or activity
“The company received state funding for the project.”
utrata
loss
the fact of not having someone or something that you had before, or of having less of something than before
“loss of income/memory”,
“blood/hair/weight loss”,
“job losses”
strata
loss
a situation in which a company spends more money than it earns
“Both companies suffered losses this year.”
strata
loss
a disadvantage caused by someone leaving an organization
“It would be a great loss to the department if you left.”
nie wiedzieć, co zrobić lub powiedzieć
loss
to not know what to do or say
“I’m at a loss to explain his disappearance.”
uczucie pustki
loss
sadness because someone has died or left
utrata, śmierć
loss
the death of a person
“They never got over the loss of their son.”
prywatność, intymność
privacy
the state of being alone so that people cannot see or hear what you are doing
“I hate sharing a bedroom - I never get any privacy.”
sposób przedstawienia
presentation
the way something is arranged or shown to people
“Presentation is important if you want people to buy your products.”
wystąpienie, referat
presentation
a talk giving information about something
“a sales presentation “,
“She gave an excellent presentation.”
wręczenie
presentation
a formal ceremony at which you give someone something
“a presentation ceremony “
gdzieś
somewhere
used to refer to a place when you do not know exactly where it is or when it is not important exactly where it is
“They had difficulties finding somewhere to live.”,
“He comes from somewhere near London.”,
“Can you think of somewhere else (= a different place) we could go?”
gdzieś około/między itp.
somewhere
approximately
“He earns somewhere around £50,000 a year.”
intensywny, głęboki
intensity
extreme or very strong
“intense heat/pain”
poważny, uczuciowy
intensity
Intense people are very serious, and usually have strong emotions or opinions.
“He’s always been very intense.”
pół, połowa
half
one of two equal parts of something; 1/2
“Rice is eaten by half of the world’s population.”,
“Cut the lemons into halves.”,
“It’ll take half an hour to get there.”,
“Jenny lived in Beijing for a year and a half.”
przełamać/przeciąć/podzielić coś na pół
half
to divide something into two equal parts
“Divide the dough in half and roll it out into two circles.”
zwiększać/zmniejszać itp. coś o połowę
half
to make something smaller/larger, etc by half its size
“The drug reduces the risk of stroke by half.”
wpół do drugiej/trzeciej/czwartej itp.
half
30 minutes past one o’clock/two o’clock/three o’clock, etc
“We got back to our hotel at half past seven.”
wpół do drugiej/trzeciej/czwartej itp.
half
30 minutes past one o’clock/two o’clock/three o’clock, etc
"”What time does it start?” “About half six.””
w połowie
half
partly, but not completely
“half empty/full”,
“Sophia is half Greek and half Spanish (= she has one Greek parent and one Spanish parent).”,
“She was only half aware of what was happening.”
raport, sprawozdanie
report
a description of an event or situation
“a police report”,
“an annual report on the economy”
wykaz ocen , świadectwo
report
something teachers write about a child’s progress at school for their parents
donosić, relacjonować
report
to describe a recent event or situation, especially on television, radio, or in a newspaper
“Jo Smith reports on recent developments.”,
“She reported that the situation had changed dramatically.”,
“A woman outside the shop reported seeing the gun.”
zgłaszać
report
to tell someone in authority that something has happened, especially an accident or crime
“He should have reported the accident immediately.”,
“Have you reported the fault to a technician?”
donosić, zgłaszać
report
to complain about someone’s behaviour to someone in authority.
“I’m going to report him to the police.”,
“Duncan’s been reported for smoking.”
rura, rurka
tube
a pipe made of glass, plastic, metal, etc, especially for liquids or gases to flow through
tubka
tube
a long, thin container for a soft substance, that you press to get the substance out
“a tube of toothpaste”
metro
tube
the system of railways under the ground in London
“I got the Tube to Oxford Circus.”
opozycja, sprzeciw
opposition
strong disagreement
“Is there much opposition to the proposed changes?”,
“There has been strong opposition from local residents.”
opozycja
opposition
political parties that are not in power
obiecywać, przyrzekać
promise
to say that you will certainly do something or that something will certainly happen
“She promised to write to me every week.”,
“Paul promised me that he’d cook dinner tonight.”
obiecywać, przyrzekać
promise
to say that you will certainly give something to someone
“They promised us a reward.”,
“Grandma’s ring was promised to me.”
zapowiadać się na coś
promise
If something promises to be good, exciting, etc, people expect that it will be good, exciting, etc.
“It promises to be a really exciting game.”
obietnica, przyrzeczenie
promise
a statement that you will certainly do something
“I’m not sure I can do it so I won’t make any promises.”
dotrzymać/nie dotrzymać słowa lub obietnicy
promise
to do/not do what you said that you would do
dobrze się zapowiadać
promise
If someone or something shows promise, they are likely to be successful.
“As a child, he showed great promise as an athlete.”
porozumienie
agreement
a promise or decision made between two or more people
“an international agreement”,
“It was difficult to reach an agreement.”
zgoda
agreement
a situation in which people have the same opinion as each other
“Not everyone was in agreement.”
porządek dzienny
agenda
a list of subjects that people will discuss at a meeting
“There are several items on the agenda.”
lista spraw
agenda
important subjects that have to be dealt with
“The issue of rail safety is back on the political agenda.”,
“The government has put education at the top of its agenda (= considers it most important).”
brzydki
ugly
unpleasant to look at
“an ugly city”
nieprzyjemny, krwawy
ugly
An ugly situation is very unpleasant, usually because it involves violence.
“There were ugly scenes outside the stadium.”
trwający, toczący się, w toku
ongoing
still happening
“an ongoing process/investigation”
prawie, niemal
nearly
almost
“It’s nearly three weeks since I last saw her.”,
“Nearly all the food had gone when I arrived.”,
“She nearly drowned when she was eight.”,
“I’ll be with you in a minute - I’ve nearly finished.”
nawet w przybliżeniu nie (tak lub taki)
nearly
a lot less
“It’s not nearly as expensive as I thought.”,
“There are not nearly enough jobs to go round.”
ekscytujący, pasjonujący
exciting
making you feel very happy and enthusiastic
“an exciting football match”,
“You’re going to Africa? How exciting!”
poprawiać (się), polepszać (się)
improve
to get better or to make something better
“Scott’s behaviour has improved a lot lately.”,
“Every year thousands of students come to London to improve their English.”,
“improved earnings/productivity”
lekarstwo, lek
medicine
a substance used to cure an illness or injury
“cough medicine”,
“Have you taken your medicine today?”,
“The government appealed for food and medicines after the earthquake.”
medycyna
medicine
the science of curing and preventing illness and injury
“to study medicine”,
“western/Chinese medicine”
-
center
US spelling of centre
podstawa, centrum
core
the most important part of a system or principle
“core values “,
“Better health care was at the core of the senator’s campaign.”
ogryzek
core
the hard, central part of certain fruits, such as apples, which contains the seeds
jądro
core
the centre of a planet
“the Earth’s core”
uczucie, emocja
emotion
a strong feeling such as love or anger, or strong feelings in general
“He finds it hard to express his emotions.”,
“She was overcome with emotion and burst into tears.”
program, system
scheme
an official plan or system
“an insurance/savings scheme”,
“a training scheme for teenagers”
plan
scheme
a plan for making money, especially in a dishonest way
“a scheme to steal money from investors”
knuć
scheme
to make a secret plan in order to get an advantage, usually by deceiving people
szczegółowy
detailed
giving a lot of information
“a detailed account/description “
gwałtowny, błyskawiczny
rapid
happening or moving very quickly
“rapid change/growth “
fizyczny
physical
relating to the body
“physical fitness/strength “,
“People put too much emphasis on physical appearance (= what you look like).”,
“He has a severe physical disability.”
materialny
physical
relating to real things that you can see and touch
“a physical object”,
“There was no physical evidence linking Jones to Shaw’s murder.”
badanie lekarskie
physical
an examination of your body by a doctor to find out if you are healthy
bitwa
battle
a fight between two armies in a war
“the Battle of Waterloo”,
“Her grandfather was killed in battle (= while fighting).”
walka
battle
a situation in which two people or groups compete against each other or have an argument about something
“a battle for control in the boardroom”
zmaganie, walka
battle
a fight against something that is hurting or destroying you
“a long battle against cancer”
zmagać się
battle
to try very hard to do something that is difficult
“Twelve teams are battling for a place in the final.”,
“Throughout the campaign Johnson was battling against severe health problems.”
muzeum
museum
a building where you can look at important objects connected with art, history, or science
“a museum of modern art”
koszt
cost
the amount of money that you need to buy or do something
“The cruise ship was built at a cost of $400 million.”,
“Software is included at no extra cost.”,
“The cost of living (= the cost of food, clothes, etc) has increased.”
cena, koszt
cost
something that you give or lose, in order to get or achieve something else
“He rescued four people at the cost of his own life.”
za wszelką cenę
cost
If something must be done at all costs, it is very important that it is done.
“We have to succeed at all costs.”
na własnej skórze , z własnego doświadczenia
cost
because of a bad experience you have had
“An ankle injury can last a long time, as I know to my cost.”
kosztować
cost
If something costs a particular amount of money, you have to pay that in order to buy or do it.
“How much do these shoes cost?”,
“It costs $5 to send the package by airmail.”,
“It’s going to cost me a lot of money to buy a new car.”
kosztować
cost
to make someone lose something
“His lazy attitude cost him his job.”
oszacować, wycenić
cost
to calculate the amount of money needed to do or make something
“The building work has been costed at 30,000 euros. “
podziwiać
admire
to respect or approve of someone or something
“You have to admire him for being so determined.”,
“I really admire people who can go out and work in such difficult conditions.”
podziwiać
admire
to look at something or someone, thinking how attractive they are
“We stood for a few minutes, admiring the view.”,
“I was just admiring your shirt.”
szkło
glass
a hard, transparent substance that objects such as windows and bottles are made of
“broken glass “,
“glass jars”
szklanka, kieliszek
glass
a container made of glass that is used for drinking
“I’ll get you a clean glass.”,
“Would you like a glass of water?”
niezwykły
remarkable
very unusual or noticeable in a way that you admire
“a remarkable woman”,
“He has a remarkable memory.”
zabraniać, zakazywać
ban
to officially say that someone must not do something
“A lot of people think boxing should be banned.”,
“Ian’s been banned from driving for 2 years.”
zakaz
ban
an official rule that people must not do or use something
“There is a ban on developing land around the city.”
placówka, zakład, firma
establishment
an organization or business
założenie
establishment
the process of starting an organization, school, business, etc
“the establishment of a new national bank”
establishment, elita
establishment
the people and organizations that have most power and influence in a country
elita prawnicza /medyczna itp.
establishment
the group of people with most influence in a particular area of work or activity
udawać
pretend
to behave as if something is true when it is not
“I can’t pretend that I like him.”,
“Were you just pretending to be interested?”,
“She’s not really hurt - she’s only pretending.”
śmietana
cream
a thick, yellowish-white liquid that is taken from milk
“raspberries and cream”
krem
cream
a soft substance that you rub into your skin to make it softer or less painful
“face/hand cream”
(kolor) kremowy
cream
a yellowish-white colour
śmietanka czegoś
cream
the best people or things in a particular group
“the cream of Milan’s designers”
kremowy
cream
being a yellowish-white colour
zastęp-ca/czyni
deputy
someone who has the second most important job in an organization
“the deputy Prime Minister”
zalecenie, rekomendacja
recommendation
a piece of advice about what to do in a particular situation
“The marketing department made several recommendations to improve sales.”,
“It’s my recommendation that this factory be closed immediately.”
polecenie, rekomendacja
recommendation
a suggestion that someone or something is good or suitable for a particular purpose
“I bought this book on Andy’s recommendation.”
dżentelmen
gentleman
a man who behaves politely and treats people with respect
“He was a perfect gentleman.”
pan
gentleman
a polite word for ‘man’, used especially when talking to or about a man you do not know
“There’s a gentleman here to see you.”
polityczny
political
relating to or involved in politics
“There are two main political parties in my country.”,
“The church has a strong political influence.”
odległość
distance
the length of the space between two places or things
“We’re only a short distance from my house.”,
“He calculated the distance between the Earth and the Sun.”,
“Are the shops within walking distance?”
dal, ≈ w/z oddali
distance
somewhere that is far away, but close enough for you to see or hear the things that are there
“I could see Mary in the distance.”,
“From a distance, it sounded like a bell ringing.”
odcinać lub dystansować się od kogoś/czegoś
distance
to say or show that you are not connected or involved with someone or something
“She has tried to distance herself from the book.”
ból
pain
an unpleasant physical feeling caused by an illness or injury
“chest/stomach pains”,
“Are you in pain?”,
“I felt a sharp pain in my foot.”,
“She was given some medicine to ease the pain.”
ból
pain
sadness or mental suffering caused by an unpleasant event
“I can’t describe the pain I suffered when he died.”
być kłopotliwym
pain
to be annoying
“My brother can be a real pain in the neck sometimes.”
zadawać sobie trud, żeby coś zrobić
pain
to make a lot of effort to do something
“He was at great pains to explain the reasons for his decision.”
sprawiać przykrość, boleć
pain
If something pains you, it makes you feel sad or upset.
“It pained him to see animals being treated so cruelly.”
czynnik, wzgląd
consideration
something that you have to think about when you make decisions or plans
“Safety is our main consideration.”
namysł
consideration
careful thought about something
“After careful consideration, we have decided to offer you the job.”,
“Several options are under consideration (= being considered).”
zrozumienie
consideration
kind behaviour towards someone in which you think about their feelings
“They always treated me with consideration.”
brać coś pod uwagę
consideration
to think about something when you make a decision or plan
usuwać
remove
to take something away
“An operation was needed to remove the bullets from his chest.”
zdejmować
remove
to take something off
“Liz removed her jacket and hung it on a chair.”,
“Carefully remove the lid, then stir the paint.”,
“He removed the bandage to expose the wound.”
usuwać
remove
to make someone stop doing their job
“He had been removed from his job on medical grounds.”
być dalekim od czegoś
remove
to be very different from something
“The princess’s world was far removed from reality.”
przed, z przodu , do przodu
ahead
in front
“The road ahead is very busy.”,
“Rick walked ahead of us.”
przed, w przyszłości
ahead
in the future
“She has a difficult time ahead of her.”
na prowadzeniu , na czele
ahead
having more points than someone else in a competition
“Barcelona was ahead after ten minutes.”
na prowadzeniu , na czele
ahead
making more progress than someone or something else
“Sue is ahead of everyone else in French.”
proszę bardzo
ahead
used to allow someone to do something
"”Can I use your phone?” “Sure, go ahead.””
przed czasem /terminem
ahead
before the time that was planned
“We finished the project ahead of schedule.”
wiek
century
a period of 100 years, especially used in giving dates
“the twentieth century”
niedawno, ostatnio
recently
not long ago
“Have you seen any good films recently?”,
“Until recently he worked as a teacher.”
przyjazd, przybycie
arrival
an occasion when someone or something arrives somewhere
“He first met Panos soon after his arrival in Greece.”,
“There was a car waiting for him on arrival.”
nastanie
arrival
the time when something new is discovered or created or becomes available
“The town grew rapidly with the arrival of the railway.”
nowo przybyły, nowość
arrival
a new thing or person that has arrived
“Two teachers were there to greet the new arrivals.”
myśl, pomysł
thought
an idea or opinion
“Do you have any thoughts about/on where you want to spend Christmas?”,
“The thought of seeing her again filled him with happiness.”,
““Why don’t we invite Ben?” “That’s a thought (= That’s a good idea).””
myśl, namysł
thought
the activity of thinking, or when you think about something carefully
“She sat staring at the picture, deep in thought.”,
“You’ll need to give the matter some thought.”
pamięć
thought
something you do that shows you care about someone
“Thanks for the card - it was a really kind thought.”
myśl
thought
a set of ideas about a particular subject
“The book examines his influence on recent political thought.”
-
thought
past of think
kościół
church
a building where Christians go to worship God
“We used to go to church every Sunday morning.”
kościół
church
one of the different groups that make up the Christian religion
“the Anglican Church”
gromadzić (się), zbierać (się)
gather
to join other people somewhere to make a group, or to bring people together into a group
“Crowds of fans gathered at the stadium for the big match.”
zbierać
gather
to collect several things together, often from different places or people
“They interviewed 1000 people to gather data on TV viewing habits.”,
“She gathered her things together and left.”
domyślać się, rozumieć
gather
to think something is true because you have heard or seen information about it
“From what I can gather, they haven’t sold their house yet.”
nabierać szybkości/sił/zyskiwać poparcie
gather
to increase in speed/strength/support, etc
