Deck 24 Flashcards
dwa
two
the number 2
na pół, na dwie części
two
into two pieces
“She broke the chocolate in two.”
zużycie, spożycie
consumption
the amount of something that someone uses, eats, or drinks
“China’s total energy consumption “
spożycie
consumption
the act of using, eating, or drinking something
“products sold for personal consumption “
but
shoe
a strong covering for the foot, often made of leather
“a pair of shoes”,
“training shoes”,
“to put your shoes on/take your shoes off”
kuchenka, piekarnik
oven
a piece of kitchen equipment with a door, which is used for cooking food
“an electric oven”,
“a microwave oven”,
“Place the cake in a preheated oven at 190°C and bake for 45 minutes.”
zebranie, spotkanie
meeting
an event where people come together for a reason, usually to discuss something
“We’re having a meeting on Thursday to discuss the problem.”,
“He’s in a meeting - I’ll ask him to call you back later.”
spotkanie, mityng
meeting
a sporting competition
“an international meeting”
harmonogram, plan
schedule
a plan that gives events or activities and the times that they will happen or be done
“I have a very busy schedule today.”,
“Will the work be completed on schedule (= at the expected time)?”,
“The project was finished ahead of schedule (= earlier than planned).”
rozkład (jazdy lub lotów lub rejsów)
schedule
a list of times when buses, trains, etc arrive and leave
zaplanować
schedule
to arrange that an event or an activity will happen at a particular time
“Your appointment has been scheduled for next Tuesday.”,
“a scheduled flight”
pozwalać
let
to allow someone to do something, or to allow something to happen
“Let them play outside.”,
“Don’t let the camera get wet.”,
“It’s best to let nature take its course.”,
“We let a whole year go by before we tried again.”
wpuszczać/przepuszczać itp. kogoś/coś
let
to allow someone or something to move to a particular place
“They won’t let us past the gate.”,
“I won’t let him near my children.”,
“The roof lets in a lot of rain.”
zróbmy coś
let
something that you say when you are making a suggestion
“Let’s eat out tonight.”,
“Let’s not bother with the washing-up.”
pozwól , że …
let
something that you say when you are offering to help someone
“Let me carry your cases.”
wynajmować
let
If you let a building or part of a building, you allow someone to live there and they give you money.
“I let the top floor of my house to a student.”
zaraz, zaraz, zobaczmy
let
something that you say when you are trying to remember something or calculate something
“Let’s see - there are five people and only three beds.”,
“It must have been - let me see - three years ago.”
powiedzmy , że …
let
something that you say when you are suggesting a possible situation or action
“Let’s say you manage to sell half the books.”,
“Let’s say we’ll meet back here in an hour.”
dać komuś znać (o czymś )
let
to tell someone something
“I’ll let you know when we’ve fixed a date for the meeting.”
puszczać ( coś )
let
to stop holding something
“I let go of the rope.”,
“You have to let the handle go.”
zaniedbać sięrozluźnić się, poszaleć sobie
let
to allow yourself to become less attractive or healthyto relax completely and enjoy yourself
“It’s easy to let yourself go when you’re pregnant.”,
“It’s a party - let yourself go!”
spójrzmy prawdzie w oczy
let
something that you say when the truth is unpleasant but must be accepted
“Let’s face it, we’re not getting any younger.”
pamięć
memory
your ability to remember
“John has an amazing memory for historical facts.”,
“She had a photographic memory (= was able to remember every detail).”,
“After the accident, he started to suffer from loss of memory.”
wspomnienie
memory
something that you remember
“I have fond memories of my childhood.”
pamięć
memory
the part of your mind that stores what you remember
“He recited the poem from memory.”
ku czyjejś pamięci
memory
If you do something in memory of a dead person, you do it to show your respect or love for them.
“They built a statue in memory of those who died in the fire.”
pamięć
memory
the part of a computer where information and instructions are stored, or the amount of information that can be stored there
“You need 32 megabytes of memory to run this software.”
cecha
attribute
a quality or characteristic that someone or something has
“Her hair is her best attribute.”
Japonia
Japanese
a country consisting of a group of islands near the east coast of Asia
kluczowy
crucial
extremely important or necessary
“a crucial decision/question”,
“Her work has been crucial to the project’s success.”
zastanawiać się
wonder
to want to know something or to try to understand the reason for something
“I wonder what he’s making for dinner.”,
“I wonder why she left so suddenly.”
czy zechciałbyś …?, może …?
wonder
used to politely ask someone for something or to suggest something
“I wonder if you could help me?”,
“We were wondering if you’d like to come over for a meal sometime.”
podziw, zdumienie
wonder
surprise and admiration
“The boys gazed in wonder at the shiny, red Ferrari.”
cud
wonder
something that makes you feel surprise or admiration
“the wonders of modern medicine”
nic dziwnego (że …)
wonder
used to say that you are not surprised about something
“No wonder she failed the test if she didn’t do any work.”
to cud, że …
wonder
used to say that you are surprised about something
“It’s a wonder he’s still alive.”
mieć coś zrobić powinno się coś zrobić , mieć coś zrobić
suppose
to be expected or intended to do something, especially when this does not happenIf you are supposed to do something, the rules say that you should do it.
“These drugs are supposed to reduce the pain.”,
“He was supposed to be here by nine.”,
“You’re supposed to pay by the end of the month.”,
“You’re not supposed to (= you should not) smoke in here.”
podobno być jakimś
suppose
to be considered by many people to be something
“The scenery is supposed to be fantastic.”
sądzić, przypuszczać
suppose
to think that something is likely to be true
“I suppose that you’ve already heard the news?”
załóżmy , że, przypuśćmy , że, a co, jeśli
suppose
used to introduce an idea for someone to consider
“Suppose he phones tonight. What should I say?”
chyba, myślę, że
suppose
used to show that you are not certain or not completely happy about something
“It was quite interesting, I suppose.”
właściwie tak, no dobrze
suppose
used to show agreement to something when you do not really want to
"”Can I come with you?” “I suppose so.””
procedura
procedure
the official or usual way of doing something
“The company has new procedures for dealing with complaints.”,
“You must follow correct procedure at all times.”
szczelina, szpara
gap
an empty space or hole in the middle of something, or between two things
“There’s quite a big gap between the door and the floor.”,
“The sun was shining through a gap in the curtains.”
przepaść, luka
gap
a difference between two groups of people, two situations, etc
“an age gap “,
“This course bridges the gap between school and university.”
luka
gap
something that is absent and stops something from being complete
“There are huge gaps in my memory.”
luka (na rynku )
gap
an opportunity for a product or service that does not already exist
przerwa
gap
a period of time when nothing happens, or when you are doing something different from usual
“I decided to go back to teaching after a gap of 10 years.”
pogląd, sąd
judgment
an opinion about someone or something that you decide on after thinking carefully
“The inspector needs to make a judgment about how the school is performing.”
rozeznanie, ocena sytuacji
judgment
the ability to make good decisions or to be right in your opinions
“to have good/bad judgment”
orzeczenie
judgment
an official legal decision, usually made by a judge
poczta elektroniczna , email
a system for sending messages electronically, especially from one computer to another using the Internet
“You can contact me by email.”,
“What’s your email address?”
email, wiadomość, mejl
a message sent electronically
“I got an email from Danielle yesterday.”
mieć swoje miejsce
belong
to be in the right place
“That chair belongs in the dining room.”
mieć swoje miejsce, pasować
belong
to feel happy and comfortable in a place or with a group of people
“I never felt that I belonged there.”
niszczyć
destroy
to damage something so badly that it does not exist or cannot be used
“Many works of art were destroyed in the fire.”
główny
principal
main, or most important
“Her principal reason for moving is to be nearer her mother.”
dyrektor/ka
principal
the person in charge of a school or college
“She was caught smoking and sent to see the principal.”
dział, wydział, ministerstwo
department
a part of an organization such as a school, business, or government that deals with a particular area of work
“the sales department”,
“head of the English department”
odkrycie
discovery
an occasion when someone discovers something
“the discovery of bones in the garden”,
“Scientists have made some important discoveries about genetics recently.”
odkrycie
discovery
something or someone that is discovered
historyczny
historic
important in history or likely to be important in history
“historic buildings “,
“a historic day/moment “
portret
portrait
a painting, drawing, or photograph of someone
“a portrait of the princess”,
“a portrait gallery/painter”
portret kogoś/czegoś
portrait
a film or book that describes someone or something in detail
“His latest film is a portrait of life in the 1920s.”
przestępczy, kryminalny
criminal
relating to crime
“criminal activity”,
“He has a criminal record (= the police have an official record of his crimes).”
karygodny
criminal
very bad or morally wrong
“It’s criminal that people are having to wait so long for hospital treatment.”
przestęp-ca/czyni
criminal
someone who has committed a crime
“a dangerous/violent criminal “
mama
mom
mother
“My mom phoned last night.”,
“Can we go now, Mom?”
przedsiębiorstwo, firma
company
an organization that sells goods or services
“a software/telephone company”
towarzystwo
company
a situation in which you have a person or people with you
“I enjoy his company.”,
“I didn’t realize that you had company.”
dotrzymywać komuś towarzystwa
company
to stay with someone so that they are not alone
stanowić miłe towarzystwo
company
to be a pleasant or interesting person to spend time with
zespół
company
a group of performers such as actors or dancers
“the Royal Shakespeare Company”
funt (szterling)
pound
the unit of money used in the UK
“a hundred pounds/£100”,
“a pound coin “
funt (wagi ) (= = 0,4536 kg)
pound
a unit for measuring weight, equal to 453.6 grams or 16 ounces
“a pound of potatoes”,
“The baby weighed just four pounds when she was born”
walić (w)
pound
to hit something many times using a lot of force
“Someone was pounding on the door.”
walić
pound
If your heart pounds, it beats very quickly.
“My heart was pounding as I walked out onto the stage.”
pędzić
pound
to run somewhere with quick, loud steps
“He pounded up the stairs.”
zniszczenie, destrukcja
destruction
the process of destroying something
“We are all responsible for the destruction of the forest.”
trans-, przez
cross
across
“cross-border”
między-
cross
including different groups or subjects
“a cross-party committee (= one formed from many political parties) “,
“cross-cultural”
przecinać, przechodzić przez
cross
to go from one side of something to the other side
“It’s not a good place to cross the road.”
przekraczać, przejeżdżać
cross
to travel over a border or line into a different area, country, etc
“They crossed from Albania into Greece.”
przecinać się (z)
cross
If two lines, roads, etc cross, they go over or across each other.
skrzyżować ręce /palce /nogi
cross
to put one of your arms, fingers, or legs over the top of the other
przeżegnać się
cross
to touch your head, chest, and both shoulders as a sign to God
krzyżować
cross
to mix two breeds of animal or plant to produce a new breed
nie posłuchać
cross
to make someone angry by refusing to do what they want you to do
krzyż
cross
two pieces of wood that cross each other, on which people were left to die as a punishment in the past
krzyż
cross
an object in the shape of a cross, used as a symbol of the Christian religion
krzyżyk
cross
a written mark (x), used for showing where something is, or that something that has been written is wrong
skrzyżowanie czegoś z czymś , krzyżówka czegoś z czymś
cross
a mixture of two different things or people
“The dog is a cross between a terrier and a rottweiler.”
kros, poprzeczne podanie
cross
a kick or hit of the ball across the field in sport, especially football
zły
cross
annoyed or angry
“Don’t be cross with me!”
ciągnąć/wlec/przywlec itp. coś/kogoś
drag
to pull something or someone along the ground somewhere, usually with difficulty
“The table was too heavy to lift, so we had to drag it across the room.”
wlec/wywlec/zawlec itp. kogoś
drag
to make someone go somewhere they do not want to go
“She dragged me to the mall to look at shoes.”,
“I have to drag myself out of bed every morning.”
przeciągać (myszką )
drag
to move something somewhere on a computer screen using a mouse (= small computer control)
wlec się
drag
to continue for too much time in a boring way
“The negotiations dragged on for months.”
w damskim przebraniu , w dragu
drag
If a man is in drag, he is wearing women’s clothes.
być nudnym , być męką
drag
to be boring and unpleasant
“Cleaning the house is such a drag.”
sztach
drag
the action of breathing in smoke from a cigarette
“He took a drag on his cigarette.”
niż, od
than
used to compare two different things or amounts
“Susannah’s car is bigger than mine.”,
“Tom’s a bit taller than Sam.”,
“It cost less than I expected.”
przedstawiać, konfrontować
confront
to tell someone something, or show them something to try to make them admit they have done something wrong
“Confronted with the evidence, she broke down and confessed.”
stanąć w obliczu czegoś
confront
to be in a difficult situation, or to be shown something which may cause difficulties
“We are confronted by the possibility of war.”
zagrodzić drogę
confront
to stand in front of someone in a frightening way
“He was confronted by two masked men.”
stawiać czoło
confront
to see that a problem exists and try to deal with it
“First, they must confront their addiction.”
głębokość
depth
the distance from the top of something to the bottom
“The lake reaches a maximum depth of 292 metres.”,
“Dig a hole 10 cm in depth.”
głębokość
depth
the distance from the front to the back of something
głębia
depth
how much someone knows or feels about something
“She was amazed at the depth of his knowledge.”
szczegółowo, dogłębnie
depth
giving all the details
“With access to the Internet, students can do their homework in greater depth.”
zaczynać
begin
to start to do something
“The children began to cry.”,
“Have they begun building the wall yet?”,
“She began her career as a journalist on a local newspaper.”
zaczynać się
begin
to start to happen
“What time does the film begin?”,
“The war began at the end of August.”
zaczynać się od czegoś lub czymś
begin
to have something at the start
“Local phone numbers begin with 1223.”
najpierw, na początku po pierwsze
begin
at the start of a situationused to give the first important reason for something
“To begin with, the two girls got on well.”,
“To begin with, we can’t leave the children alone.”
bolesny
painful
causing physical pain
“Recovery from the operation is a slow and painful process.”
bolesny
painful
making you feel sad or upset
“a painful memory”
typowo
typically
used for saying that something is typical of a person, thing, place, etc
“Such behaviour is typically English.”
zwykle, zazwyczaj, na ogół
typically
used for saying what usually happens
“Schools in the area typically start at 8.30.”
chłodny
cool
slightly cold, but not too cold
“a cool breeze/day”,
“cool water”
świetny
cool
good, stylish, or fashionable
“He looks really cool in those sunglasses.”
spokojny, opanowany
cool
calm and not emotional
“She seemed cool and confident.”
chłodny
cool
unfriendly
ochładzać (się)
cool
to become less hot, or to make something become less hot
“Allow the bread to cool before slicing it.”
ochładzać (się)
cool
If emotions or relationships cool, or if something cools them, they become less strong.
chłód, chłodek
cool
a cool temperature
“the cool of the early morning”
świetnie
cool
used when you like something or agree to something
przedstawiać
depict
to represent someone or something in a picture or story
“The cartoon depicts the president as a vampire.”
przyjaźń
friendship
the relationship between people who are friends
“a close friendship “
produkcja, wyrób
production
the process of making or growing something
“Sand is used in the production of glass.”,
“The new model goes into production (= starts being made) next year.”
produkcja
production
the amount of something that is made or grown
“We need to increase production by 20%.”
przedstawienie, inscenizacja
production
a performance or series of performances of a play or show
“a school production of ‘Romeo and Juliet’”
produkcja
production
the job of controlling how a film, play, programme, or musical recording is made
“She wants a career in TV production.”
recepta
prescription
a piece of paper saying what medicine someone needs or the medicine itself
“a doctor’s prescription “
(dostępny) na receptę
prescription
If you get a medicine on prescription, you only get it if you have a written instruction from your doctor.
literacki
literary
relating to literature, or typical of the type of language that is used in literature
“literary criticism “
cykl
cycle
a series of events that happen in a particular order and are often repeated
“the life cycle of a moth”
rower
cycle
a bicycle
jeździć lub jechać na rowerze
cycle
to ride a bicycle
policja, Police ma tylko liczbę mnogą!
police
the official organization that makes people obey the law and that protects people and places against crime, or the people who work for this organization
“I heard a gun shot and decided to call the police.”,
“A 30-year-old taxi driver is being interviewed by police.”,
“a police helicopter”,
“a police investigation”
pilnować, nadzorować
police
to make sure that people obey the law in a particular place or when they are doing a particular activity
“Clubs have to pay for the cost of policing matches.”
pokolenie
generation
all the people in a society or family who are approximately the same age
“the older/younger generation “,
“This is the story of three generations of women.”
pokolenie
generation
a period of about 25 to 30 years, the time it takes for a child to become an adult and take the place of their parents in society
“Our family has lived in this village for generations.”
generacja
generation
a product when it is at a particular stage of development
“a new generation of computers”
wytwarzanie
generation
the production of energy
“the generation of electricity”
zawód
profession
a type of work that needs special training or education
“What’s your profession?”,
“He’s working in a restaurant, but he’s a teacher by profession (= he trained to be a teacher).”
środowisko
profession
the people who do a type of work considered as a group
“The medical profession has expressed concern about the new drug.”
biuro
office
a room or building where people work
“an office worker “,
“I never get to the office before nine.”
biuro, punkt
office
a room or building where you can get information, tickets, or a particular service
“a ticket office “,
“the tourist office “
stanowisko
office
an important job in an organization
“Some people think he has been in office for too long.”,
“She held the office of mayor for eight years.”
wiedza, znajomość
understanding
knowledge about a subject, situation, etc or about how something works
“We now have a better understanding of this disease.”
umowa, porozumienie
understanding
an informal agreement between two people
“We have an understanding that we don’t discuss the subject in front of his mother.”
zrozumienie, wyrozumiałość
understanding
sympathy
“Thank you for your understanding.”
jak rozumie/m itp. , o ile wie/m itp.
understanding
what you thought to be true
“It was my understanding that she was coming alone.”
możliwości intelektualne
understanding
the ability to learn or think about something
“The computer side of the course was way beyond my understanding (= was too difficult for me).”
wyrozumiały
understanding
showing sympathy for someone’s problems
“Fortunately, my girlfriend is very understanding.”
przed
before
earlier than something or someone
“a week before Christmas”,
“She arrived before me.”,
“Think hard before accepting the offer.”
przed
before
in a position in front of someone or something
“I’ve never performed this before an audience.”,
“He stood before her, shaking.”
przed
before
at a place that you arrive at first when travelling towards another place
“The hospital is just before the bridge.”
przed
before
in front of someone or something in an order or a list
“P comes before Q in the alphabet.”
przed
before
treated as more important than someone or something
“They always put the children’s needs before their own.”
przed
before
being formally examined or considered by a group
“the proposal before the committee”,
“He appeared before the court dressed in jeans.”
zanim
before
earlier than the time when something happens
“He was a teacher before he became famous.”,
“It was dark before we found him.”,
“Before I could warn him, he had fallen.”
zanim
before
in order to avoid something bad happening
“Put that stick down before you hurt someone.”
zanim
before
until
“It took a few moments before I realized that he was lying.”
przedtem, wcześniej
before
at an earlier time, or on a previous occasion
“I’ve never seen her before.”,
“We had spoken on the phone a few days before.”
ograniczenie
limitation
the control of something so that it is less than a particular amount or number
“the limitation of free speech”,
“You can’t write everything you want to because of space limitations.”
przyklejać (się)
stick
to become joined to something or to make something become joined to something else, usually with a substance like glue
“Anne stuck a picture of her boyfriend on the wall.”,
“The stamp wouldn’t stick to the envelope.”
wkładać coś do/kłaść coś na/pod itp.
stick
to put something somewhere
“Just stick your bag under the table.”
wkładać/wbijać/przebijać się/ coś itp.
stick
If something sharp sticks into something, it goes into it, and if you stick something sharp somewhere, you push it into something.
“She stuck the needle into his arm.”
zacinać się
stick
to become fixed in one position and not be able to move
“This drawer has stuck - I can’t open it.”
nie cierpieć kogoś/czegoś
stick
to not like someone or something
“I can’t stick her.”
patyk, kij
stick
a long, thin piece of wood, usually broken or fallen from a tree
laska/kij hokejowy itp.
stick
a long, thin piece of wood that you use when you are walking/playing hockey, etc
kawałek, pasek, patyczek
stick
a long, thin piece of something
“a stick of candy/celery”
profesor
professor
the highest rank of teacher in a British university, or a teacher in an American university or college
“a professor of history at Oxford”,
“Professor Blackman.”
zaprzeczać
deny
to say that something is not true, especially something that you are accused of
“She denies any involvement in the attack.”,
“He never denied that he said those things.”,
“He denies murdering his father.”
pozbawiać
deny
to not allow someone to have or do something
“These children are being denied access to education.”
praktyka, wprawa, trening
practice
repeatedly doing an activity to improve your ability
“We need a bit more practice before the concert.”,
“I’ve got basketball practice tonight.”
praktyka
practice
what people do or how they do it
“business/working practices “,
“the illegal practice of copying CDs”,
“It is common practice to bury waste in landfills.”
praktyka
practice
a business in which several doctors or lawyers work together, or the work that they do
“a legal/medical practice “
w praktyce
practice
If something is true in practice, this is the real situation.
“In practice, the new laws have had little effect.”
wyjść z wprawy
practice
to not do something well because you have not done it recently
“I didn’t play very well today - I’m out of practice.”
wprowadzać coś w życie, zastosować coś w praktyce
practice
to try a plan or idea
“Next month we will have a chance to put these ideas into practice.”
zgodny
United
If people are united, they all agree about something.
“On the issue of education the party is united.”
zjednoczony
United
joined together
“a united Germany”
ciężarówka
truck
a large road vehicle for carrying goods from place to place
tkanina
fiber
cloth made from thin threads twisted together
“Man-made fibres like nylon are easy to wash.”
włókno
fiber
one of the thin threads that forms a substance such as cloth
“The fibres are woven into fabric.”
błonnik
fiber
the substance in plants that cannot be digested and helps food pass through your body
“Broccoli is a good source of fibre.”
włókno
fiber
a structure like a thread in your body
“muscle/nerve fibres”
śmieszny, zabawny
funny
making you smile or laugh
“a funny story”,
“It’s not funny. Don’t laugh!”
dziwny
funny
strange or unusual and not what you expect
“This chicken tastes a bit funny.”,
“That’s funny. I’m sure I locked that door.”
szanse, prawdopodobieństwo
odds
the probability that something will happen
“What are the odds of winning the top prizes?”,
“I’m afraid the odds are against us.”
wbrew lub na przekór wszystkiemu , wbrew wszelkim przewidywaniom
odds
If you do or achieve something against all the odds, you succeed although you were not likely to.
“We won the game against all odds.”
nie zgadzać się z kimś/czymś
odds
to not agree with someone or something
“His remark was at odds with our report.”
szalony
crazy
stupid or strange
“a crazy idea”,
“I was crazy not to take that job.”
wściekły
crazy
annoyed or angry
“The children are driving me crazy (= making me annoyed).”,
“Dad went crazy when I told him what had happened.”
szaleć na punkcie kogoś/czegoś
crazy
to love someone very much, or to be very interested in something
“Mia’s crazy about baseball.”
oszaleć
crazy
to become very excited about something
“When he came on stage the audience went crazy.”
jak oszalały
crazy
If you do something like crazy, you do a lot of it, or do it very quickly.
“We worked like crazy to get everything finished.”
finanse
finance
the control of how large amounts of money should be spent
fundusze, środki (finansowe )
finance
the money that is needed to support a business
“Who put up the finance for the project?”
czyjeś finanse
finance
the money that a person, company, or country has
“You must learn how to manage your own finances.”
finansować
finance
to provide the money needed to do something
“Who’s financing the project?”
się, sobie, siebie, sobą
himself
the reflexive form of the pronoun ‘he’
“John always cuts himself when he’s shaving.”
sam
himself
used to emphasize the pronoun ‘he’ or the particular male person you are referring to
“Do you want to speak to Dr Randall himself or his secretary?”,
“He made the bookcase himself.”
(całkiem) sam
himself
alone or without anyone else’s help
“Joe made that snowman all by himself.”
(tylko) dla siebie
himself
for his use only
“Tim wants a desk all to himself.”
dziewczynka, dziewczyna
girl
a female child or young woman
“We have three children - a boy and two girls.”
dziewczyny
girl
a group of female friends
“I’m going out with the girls tonight.”
jego, swój
his
belonging to or relating to someone male who has already been talked about
“Alex is sitting over there with his daughter.”,
“It’s not his fault.”
jego
his
the things that belong or relate to someone male who has already been talked about
“That’s Frank’s coat over there - at least I think it’s his.”,
“I borrowed them from a friend of his.”
rodzaj
kind
a type of thing or person
“What kind of music do you like?”,
“All kinds of people come to our church.”,
“Older kids like board games and that kind of thing.”,
“Her travel company was the first of its kind (= the first one like it).”
jakiś
kind
used to talk about something when you are not sure of its exact type
“She has some kind of disability.”
(tak) jakoś, dosyć
kind
used when you are trying to explain or describe something, but you cannot be exact
“It’s kind of unusual.”
jakiś, swego rodzaju
kind
used to describe something that exists but is not very good
“The school had a swimming pool of a kind, but it was too small for most classes to use.”
życzliwy, uprzejmy
kind
Kind people do things to help others and show that they care about them.
“Your mother was very kind to us.”,
“It was very kind of you to come and see me.”,
“Thank you for those kind words.”
pani
lady
a polite way of saying ‘woman’
“There’s a young lady here to see you.”,
“Ladies and gentlemen, can I have your attention please?”
Lady
lady
a title used before the name of some women of high social rank in the UK
“Lady Alison Weir”
konstytucyjny
constitutional
relating to the constitution of a country
“a constitutional crisis”
móc
might
used to talk about what will possibly happen
“It might be finished by Thursday.”,
“She might not come.”
móc
might
used to talk about what is possibly true
“I think Isabel might be pregnant.”,
“The rain might have stopped by now.”
mógłbyś , może
might
used to politely suggest something
“You might want to try a different approach next time.”
potęga, siła
might
great strength or power
“economic/military might “,
“She pushed the door with all her might (= with as much force as possible).”
pensja
salary
a fixed amount of money that you receive from your employer, usually every month
wyborca
voter
someone who votes or who is officially allowed to vote
zaskoczony, zdziwiony
surprised
feeling surprise because something has happened that you did not expect
“I’m surprised to see you here.”,
“She wasn’t surprised at his decision.”,
“I’m surprised that you’ve decided to leave.”
trwać, kontynuować
continue
to keep happening, existing, or doing something
“It continued to snow heavily for three days.”,
“Ann continued working part-time until June.”
kontynuować
continue
to start doing or saying something again, after stopping for a short period
“We’ll have to continue this discussion tomorrow.”,
““Ever since then,” he continued, “I’ve been afraid of heights.””
iść lub jechać dalej
continue
to go further in a particular direction
“Continue down the road until you reach Walnut Street.”
proszek, puder
powder
a dry substance made of many small, loose grains
“curry powder”,
“face powder”
mąż
husband
the man you are married to
“Janet’s husband is in the Navy.”
kamień
stone
a hard, natural substance that is found in the ground
“a stone wall”
kamień, kamyk
stone
a small rock or piece of rock
kamień
stone
a hard, valuable substance that is often used in jewellery
“precious stones”
kamień (= = 6,35 kg)
stone
a unit for measuring weight, equal to 6.35 kilograms or 14 pounds
“I gained two stone when I was pregnant.”
pestka
stone
the hard seed that is at the centre of some fruits
“a cherry stone”
ukamienować, obrzucać kamieniami
stone
to kill or hurt someone by throwing stones (= small rocks) at them, usually as a punishment
“Two men were stoned to death by the crowd.”
lód
ice
water that has frozen and become solid
“Gerry slipped on the ice and broke his arm.”,
“I’ve put a couple of bottles of champagne on ice (= in a bucket of ice to get cold).”
lukrować
ice
to cover a cake with icing (= sweet mixture)
“an iced bun”
kontekst
context
all the facts, opinions, situations, etc relating to a particular thing or event
“This small battle is important in the context of Scottish history.”
kontekst
context
other words that were said or written at the same time as the word or words you are talking about
“Taken out of context, her remark sounded like an insult.”
pracowni-k/ca
worker
someone who works for a company or organization but does not have a powerful position
“an office worker”
sprawny/powolny/dobry itp. pracownik
worker
someone who works quickly/slowly/well, etc
palec (u nogi )
toe
one of the five separate parts at the end of your foot
“your big toe (= largest toe) “,
“your little toe (= smallest toe) “
palce
toe
the part of a shoe or sock that covers your toes
wytwarzać, produkować
produce
to make or grow something
“The factory produces about 900 cars a year.”,
“This plant will produce small yellow flowers in the spring.”
powodować, wywoływać
produce
to cause a particular reaction or result
“Nuts produce an allergic reaction in some people.”,
“The report highlights the amount of toxic waste produced by industry.”
wyjmować
produce
to take an object from somewhere so that people can see it
“One of the men suddenly produced a gun from his pocket.”
być producentem , reżyserować
produce
to control how a film, play, programme, or musical recording is made
“He’s produced some of the top Broadway shows.”
produkty
produce
food that is grown or made in large quantities to be sold
“dairy produce”
po prostu
simply
used to emphasize what you are saying
“We simply don’t have the time.”
tylko
simply
only
“A lot of people miss out on this opportunity simply because they don’t know about it.”
skromnie, prosto
simply
in a way which is not complicated or difficult to understand
“simply prepared food”,
“He explained it as simply as he could.”
przekonywać
convince
to make someone believe that something is true
“He tried to convince me that I needed a new car.”,
“She convinced the jury of her innocence.”
namawiać
convince
to persuade someone to do something
“I convinced her to go to the doctor’s.”,
“It took some doing to convince him to come.”
czy
whether
used to talk about a choice between two or more possibilities
“Someone’s got to tell her, whether it’s you or me.”,
“I didn’t know whether or not to go.”
czy
whether
if
“I wasn’t sure whether you’d like it.”
władza, kontrola
control
the power to make a person, organization, or object do what you want
“The new teacher has no control over the class.”,
“The police are in control of the situation.”,
“The place was in chaos, and nobody seemed to be in control.”,
“He lost control of the vehicle.”
kontrola
control
the power to rule or govern an area
“Soldiers took control of the airport.”
pod kontrolą
control
being dealt with successfully
“Don’t worry - everything’s under control.”,
“I couldn’t keep my drinking under control.”
niekontrolowany, poza kontrolą
control
If something or someone is out of control, you cannot influence, limit, or direct them.
“The mob was completely out of control.”
ograniczenie
control
a rule or law that limits something
“The government has introduced tighter immigration controls.”
opanowanie
control
the ability to be calm
“It took a lot of control to stop myself from hitting him.”
przełącznik, klawisz, pokrętło
control
a switch or piece of equipment that you use to operate a machine or vehicle
“Where’s the volume control on your stereo?”
kontrola
control
a place where something official, usually a document, is checked
“passport/immigration control “
kontrola
control
a person or thing that is used to compare with someone or something that is having an experiment done on them
kierować, sterować, panować nad
control
to make a person, organization, or object do what you want
“A board of directors controls the company.”,
“This switch controls the temperature.”,
“Can’t you control your dogs?”
panować nad, ograniczać
control
to limit the number, amount, or increase of something
“Fire crews struggled to control the blaze.”
kontrolować
control
to rule or govern an area
“The whole area is controlled by rebel forces.”
panować nad, opanować
control
to stop yourself expressing strong emotions or behaving in a silly way
“He can’t control his temper.”,
“Please try to control yourself - you’re upsetting everyone.”
sztuka, dramat
drama
a play in a theatre or on television or radio
“a historical drama”
teatr, dramat, dramaturgia
drama
plays and acting generally
“modern drama”,
“She studied drama and English at college.”
dramatyzm
drama
exciting things that happen
“There was a lot of drama in the courtroom.”
zamykać (się)
close
If something closes, it moves so that it is not open, and if you close something, you make it move so that it is not open.
“Jane closed the window.”,
“Lie down and close your eyes.”,
“Suddenly the door closed.”
zamykać się
close
If a shop, restaurant, public place, etc closes, people cannot go in it.
“The store closes at 8 p.m.”
ulegać likwidacji
close
If a business or organization closes, or if someone or something closes it, it stops operating.
“Many factories have closed in the last ten years.”
zakończyć (się)
close
to end, or to end something
“She closed the meeting with a short speech.”
bliski
close
near in distance
“His house is close to the airport.”
bliski
close
near in time
“It was close to lunchtime when we arrived.”
bliski
close
If people are close, they know each other very well and like each other a lot.
“close friends”,
“I’m very close to my brother.”
bliski
close
A close relative is someone who is directly related to you, for example your mother, father, or brother.
ścisły, bliski
close
seeing or talking with someone a lot
“Our school has close links with a school in China.”,
“I’m still in close contact with my school friends.”
być bliskim czegoś , prawie coś zrobić
close
to almost achieve or do something
“We are close to reaching an agreement.”
być bliskim czegoś
close
If someone or something is close to a particular state, they are almost in that state.
“She was close to tears.”
wyrównany
close
A close game, competition, etc is one in which people’s scores are nearly the same.
uważny
close
looking at or listening to someone or something very carefully
“On close inspection, you could see that the painting was a fake.”,
“Keep a close watch on the children (= watch them carefully).”
duszny
close
Close weather is too warm and there is not enough fresh air.
blisko
close
near in distance
"He stayed close to his mother.", "Come a bit closer.", "We walked close behind them.", "There's a great beach close by (= near).", "He held me close."
blisko
close
near in time
“The time for change is coming closer.”
koniec, zakończenie
close
the end of something
“They finally reached an agreement at the close of a week of negotiations.”,
“The year was drawing to a close.”
zaułek
close
used in the name of a road that cars can only enter from one end
“They live at 7 Kings Close.”
istota
being
a living person or imaginary creature
“human beings”
powstawać
being
to start to exist
“The new law comes into being next month.”
-
being
present participle of be
drzeć
tear
to pull paper, cloth, etc into pieces, or to make a hole in it by accident
“The nail had torn a hole in my skirt.”
drzeć się
tear
If paper, cloth, etc tears, it becomes damaged because it has been pulled.
“The paper is very thin and tears easily.”
wydzierać/zdzierać coś z
tear
to remove something by pulling it quickly and violently
“She tore his picture down from the wall.”
biegać po/przemykać koło itp.
tear
to move somewhere very quickly
“The kids were tearing around the house.”
być rozdartym między czymś a czymś
tear
to be unable to decide between two choices
“I’m torn between the apple pie and the chocolate mousse.”
dziura, rozdarcie
tear
a hole in a piece of cloth, paper, etc where it has been torn
łza
tear
a drop of water that comes from your eye when you cry
“Suddenly he burst into tears (= started crying).”,
“There were tears in her eyes as she watched him go.”,
“I was in tears (= crying) by the end of the film.”
go, jego
him
used after a verb or preposition to refer to someone male who has already been talked about
“Where’s Serge - have you seen him?”
droga, trasa
route
the roads or paths you follow to get from one place to another place
“an escape route”,
“Crowds gathered all along the route to watch the race.”
droga
route
a method of achieving something
“A university education is seen by many as the best route to a good job.”
pozytywny
positive
feeling happy about your life and your future
“a positive attitude “,
“I’m feeling much more positive about things now.”
pozytywny
positive
Something that is positive makes you feel better about a situation.
“We’ve shown people samples of the product and had a very positive response.”
pewny
positive
certain that something is true
"”Are you sure you saw him?” “Absolutely positive.””,
“I’m positive that I switched it off.”
pewny
positive
showing without any doubt that something is true
“positive proof “
dodatni, pozytywny
positive
If a medical test is positive, it shows that the person being tested has a disease or condition.
“She did a pregnancy test and it was positive.”
dodatni
positive
In mathematics, a positive number is greater than zero.
dodatni
positive
being the type of electrical charge that is carried by protons
ładunek dodatni
positive
the electrical charge that is carried by protons (= parts of atoms)
tenis
tennis
a sport in which two or four people hit a small ball to each other over a net
indeks, skorowidz
index
an alphabetical list of subjects or names at the end of a book, showing on what page they are found in the text
“Look up ‘heart disease’ in the index.”
indeks
index
a collection of information stored on a computer or on cards in alphabetical order
wskaźnik, indeks
index
a system for comparing different values and recording changes, especially in financial markets
“the retail price index”
indeksować
index
to make an index for text or information, or arrange it in an index
podtrzymywać, utrzymywać
sustain
to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time
“The team may not be able to sustain this level of performance.”
utrzymywać (przy życiu )
sustain
to support someone or something so that they can live or exist
“The money he received was hardly enough to sustain a wife and five children.”
doznać zniszczeń /odnosić rany /ponosić straty
sustain
to be injured/damaged, etc.
“She later died in hospital of the injuries sustained in the accident.”
wybory
election
a time when people vote in order to choose someone for a political or official job
“a presidential election”,
“Who do you think will win the election?”,
“Will you stand/run for election again this year?”
rysunek
drawing
a picture made with a pencil or pen
“There were some children’s drawings pinned up on the wall.”
rysunek
drawing
the skill or activity of making pictures using a pencil or pen
“Do you want to do some drawing?”
loteria, losowanie
drawing
a competition that is decided by choosing a particular ticket or number
przyciągać
attract
to make people come to a place or do a particular thing by being interesting, enjoyable, etc
“The castle attracts more than 300,000 visitors a year.”,
“We need to attract more science graduates to teaching.”
przyciągać uwagę /zainteresowanie itp.
attract
to cause people to pay attention/be interested, etc
odczuwać do kogoś pociąg, ≈ ktoś się komuś podoba
attract
to like someone, especially sexually, because of the way they look or behave
“I was attracted to him straight away.”
przyciągać
attract
If something attracts a substance or object, it causes it to move towards it.
“Magnets attract metal.”
stary
old
having lived or existed for a long time
“an old man/woman”,
“an old house”,
“We’re all getting older.”,
“Children should show some respect for the old.”
stary
old
having been used or owned for a long time
“You might get dirty so wear some old clothes.”
stary, w wieku
old
used to describe or ask about someone’s age
“How old are you?”,
“She’ll be 3 years old this month.”
stary przyjaciel/odwieczny wróg itp.
old
someone who has been your friend/enemy, etc for a long time
“I met an old friend who I was at college with.”
stary
old
used before or in the past
“I think the old system was better in many ways.”,
“When he visits his mother, he sleeps in his old room.”
trząść (się), potrząsać
shake
to make quick, short movements from side to side or up and down, or to make something or someone do this
“He was shaking with nerves.”,
“We heard a loud bang, and then the house began to shake.”,
“Shake the bottle.”
uścisnąć dłoń lub dłonie
shake
to hold someone’s hand and move it up and down when you meet them for the first time, or when you make an agreement with them
“The two leaders smiled and shook hands for the photographers.”,
“I shook hands with him.”
kręcić głową
shake
to move your head from side to side to mean ‘no’
wstrząsnąć
shake
to shock or upset someone
“No one was injured in the crash, but the driver was badly shaken.”
drżeć
shake
If your voice shakes, you sound very nervous or frightened.
potrząśnięcie
shake
the action of shaking something
“Give it a good shake before you open it.”
koktajl (mleczny lub owocowy)
shake
a sweet drink made of milk and chocolate or fruit
