Deck 29 Flashcards
strefa
zone
an area where a particular thing happens
“a war zone “,
“a nuclear-free zone”
łamać, naruszać, gwałcić
violate
to not obey a law, rule, or agreement
“Countries that violate international law will be dealt with severely.”
łamać
violate
to not allow someone something that they should morally be allowed to have
“They were accused of violating human rights.”
przewodni-k/czka
guide
someone whose job is to show interesting places to visitors, or to help people get somewhere
“a tour guide “
przewodnik
guide
a book that gives information about something or tells you how to do something
“a hotel/restaurant guide”,
“a user’s guide”
pomoc, wskazówka
guide
something that helps you plan or decide what to do
“Parents use this report as a guide when choosing schools for their children.”
harcerka
guide
a girl who belongs to an organization in the UK that teaches practical things like living outside, and how to work as part of a team
harcerstwo
guide
an organization in the UK that teaches girls practical skills and how to work as part of a team
naprowadzać, prowadzić
guide
to help someone or something go somewhere
“These missiles are guided by computers.”,
“He gently guided her back to her seat.”
doradzać, służyć radą
guide
to tell someone what they should do
“She had no one to guide her as a teenager.”
wielki
grand
very large and special
“a grand hotel”,
“the Grand Canal”
dostojny, ważny
grand
rich and important, or behaving as if you are
“a grand old lady”
świetny
grand
very good or enjoyable
patol, klocek
grand
one thousand dollars or pounds
“The holiday cost me two grand.”
dziewczyna
girlfriend
a woman or girl who someone is having a romantic relationship with
“Have you met Steve’s new girlfriend?”
przyjaciółka
girlfriend
a female friend, especially of a woman
zamarzać, zamrażać
freeze
If something freezes or is frozen, it becomes hard and solid because it is very cold.
“The river had frozen overnight.”,
“Water freezes at 0° Celsius.”
zamrażać
freeze
to make food last a long time by making it very cold and hard
“You can freeze any cakes that you have left over.”
marznąć
freeze
to feel very cold
“One of the climbers froze to death on the mountain.”
znieruchomieć
freeze
to suddenly stop moving, especially because you are frightened
“She saw someone outside the window and froze.”
zamrażać
freeze
to fix the level of something such as a price or rate so that it does not increase
zamrożenie
freeze
a situation in which the level of something such as a price or rate is fixed so that it does not increase
“a pay freeze”
zamrożenie, wstrzymanie
freeze
a situation in which a process is stopped for a period of time
“There was an immediate freeze on all new building in the city.”
mrozy
freeze
a period of extremely cold weather
zarabiać
earn
to get money for doing work
“She earns more than £40,000 a year.”
zarabiać na życie
earn
to work to get money for the things you need
zapracować na, zasłużyć sobie na
earn
to get something that you deserve because of your work, qualities, etc
“As a teacher you have to earn the respect of your students.”
przynosić
earn
to make a profit
“I want an account that earns a high rate of interest.”
brudny
dirty
not clean
“dirty clothes”,
“dirty dishes”
nieprzyzwoity, świński
dirty
talking about sex in a way that some people find offensive
“dirty books/jokes”
brudny
dirty
dishonest or unfair
“a dirty business”
brudzić
dirty
to make something dirty
ty, wy, cię, ciebie, was, ci, tobie, wam, tobą, wami
you
used to refer to the person or people you are talking to
“I love you.”,
“You said I could go with you.”
człowiek
you
people generally
“You learn to accept these things as you get older.”
sen
dream
a series of events and images that happen in your mind while you are sleeping
“a bad dream “,
“I had a very strange dream last night.”
marzenie
dream
something that you want to happen although it is not very likely
“It was his dream to become an actor.”
być rozmarzonym , być zamyślonym
dream
to not notice things that are around you because you are thinking about something else
śnić
dream
to experience events and images in your mind while you are sleeping
“Last night I dreamed that I was flying.”
marzyć
dream
to imagine something that you would like to happen
“I dream of living on a desert island.”,
“He never dreamed that one day he would become President.”
do głowy by coś człowiekowi nie przyszło
dream
used to say that you would not do something because you think it is wrong or silly
wymarzon-y/a dom/praca/samochód itp.
dream
the perfect house/job/car, etc
cyfra
figure
a symbol for a number
“Write down the amount in words and figures.”,
“He’s now being paid a six-figure salary.”
liczby jednocyfrowe /dwucyfrowe itp.
figure
numbers from 0 to 9/numbers from 10 to 99, etc
liczba
figure
a number that expresses an amount, especially in official documents
“Government figures show a rise in unemployment.”
postać
figure
a particular type of person, often someone important or famous
“a mysterious figure”,
“Lincoln was a major figure in American politics.”
postać
figure
a person that you cannot see clearly
“I could see two figures in the distance.”
figura
figure
the shape of someone’s body, usually an attractive shape
“She’s got a good figure for her age.”
ilustracja, rysunek
figure
a picture or drawing in a book or document, usually with a number
“Look at the graph shown in Figure 2.”
pojawiać się, figurować
figure
to be a part of something, or to appear in something
“Love figures in most pop songs.”
zdecydować
figure
to decide something after thinking about it
“I figured that it was time to tell her the truth.”
to było do przewidzenia , tego się należało spodziewać
figure
something you say when you expected something to happen
"”I’ve run out of money, Mum.” “That figures.””
Francja
French
a country in Europe
satelita
satellite
a piece of equipment that is sent into space around the Earth to receive and send signals or to collect information
“a spy/weather satellite”
satelita
satellite
a natural object that moves around a planet in space
“The moon is the Earth’s satellite.”
inny, różny
different
not the same as someone or something
“Jo’s very different from her sister, isn’t she?”,
“The house is different to how I expected it to be.”
różny
different
used to talk about separate things or people of the same type
“I had to go to three different shops to find the book she wanted.”
myślenie, przemyślenie
thinking
the use of your mind to consider something
“This problem requires careful thinking.”
myśl
thinking
someone’s ideas or opinions
“The book discusses the impact of Christian thinking on western society.”
ogień
fire
heat, light, and flames that are produced when something burns
zapalić się, stanąć w płomieniach , zająć się ogniem
fire
to start burning
“The car crashed and caught fire.”
w płomieniach
fire
burning
“That house is on fire.”
podpalić coś
fire
to make something start burning, usually to cause damage
“Enemy troops set fire to the village.”
pożar
fire
an event when something burns in a way that causes damage and cannot be controlled
“Three people were killed in the fire.”,
“It took the firefighters two hours to put the fire out (= stop it burning).”,
“The smell from the fire still lingered hours later.”
ognisko, ogień
fire
a pile of wood, coal, etc that is burning to produce heat
“We sat by the fire.”,
“They put up the tents and lit a fire.”
grzejnik lub piecyk elektryczny/gazowy
fire
a piece of equipment that uses electricity/gas to heat a room
ogień
fire
the shooting of guns and other weapons
“The soldiers opened fire (= started shooting).”
strzelać, wystrzelić
fire
to shoot a bullet from a gun
“She fired three shots at him.”
wylać lub wyrzucać lub zwalniać (z pracy )
fire
to tell someone they must leave their job
“I was fired for being late.”
podsycać czyjąś wyobraźnię
fire
to make someone very excited or interested in something
zarzucać kogoś pytaniami
fire
to ask someone questions quickly one after the other
wschód
east
the direction that you face to see the sun rise
“Which way’s east?”
wschód
east
the part of an area that is further towards the east than the rest
“This town is the largest in the east.”
Wschód
east
the countries of Asia, especially Japan and China
beletrystyka, literatura (piękna )
fiction
literature and stories about imaginary people or events
“What’s the best-selling children’s fiction title?”
fikcja
fiction
something that is not true or real
“Nobody knows whether his statement is fact or fiction.”
smak
flavor
the taste of a particular type of food or drink
“We sell 50 different flavours of ice cream.”,
“Add some salt to give the soup more flavour.”
charakter, smaczek
flavor
a particular quality or style that something has
“London has a very international flavour.”
przyprawiać
flavor
to give a particular taste to food or drink
“This sauce is flavoured with garlic and herbs.”
o smaku serowym /czekoladowym itp.
flavor
tasting of cheese/chocolate, etc
“lemon-flavoured sweets”
były, dawny
former
happening, existing, or true in the past but not now
“the former Soviet Union”,
“former President Bill Clinton”
pierwszy
former
the first of two people or things that have just been talked about
pies
dog
an animal with fur, four legs, and a tail that is kept as a pet, or trained to guard buildings and guide blind people
“Let’s take the dog for a walk.”
prześladować, gnębić
dog
to cause someone or something trouble for a long time
“His football career has been dogged by injury.”
cisza
silence
If there is silence, there is no sound.
“The three men ate in silence.”,
“No sound broke the silence of the wintry landscape.”
milczenie
silence
a situation in which someone says nothing about a particular subject
“She ended her silence yesterday and spoke to a TV reporter about the affair.”
cisza
silence
a period of time when there is no sound or no talking
“an awkward/embarrassed silence”,
“There was a short silence while she thought about it.”
uciszać, zamknąć usta
silence
to stop something making a sound or stop someone from talking
“He silenced the alarm.”
uciszać, zamknąć usta
silence
to stop people from criticizing you by giving a good argument to support your opinion
“He seems to have silenced his critics.”
rzecz
thing
used to refer to an object without saying its name
“How do I switch this thing off?”,
“I need to get a few things in town.”
maleństwo, facet/ka, wraz z poprzedzającym przymiotnikiem często tłumaczymy jednym rzeczownikiem, np. biedactwo , szczęścia-rz/ra itp.
thing
used to refer to a person or animal when you are expressing your feelings towards them
“You look tired, you poor thing.”,
“He’s spending three months in Barbados, lucky thing!”
rzecz, coś
thing
used to refer to an idea, event, or activity
“I can’t believe Nick would say such a thing!”,
“Meeting Nina was the best thing that’s ever happened to me.”
choćby lub na przykład dlatego, że
thing
used to give a reason for something
“You can’t give Amy that shirt - for one thing it’s too small for her.”
tylko że, ale niestety
thing
used to introduce a problem that relates to something that you have just said
“I’d love to go out tonight, but the thing is, I’ve got to finish my report.”
(zupełnie) nic, (= z przeczeniem), coś
thing
used instead of ‘anything’ in order to emphasize what you are saying
“I haven’t got a thing to wear!”
mieć kota na punkcie czegoś/kogoś
thing
to like or dislike something or someone very much
“He’s got a thing about blonde women.”
to dobrze, dobrze się składa
thing
If it is a good thing that something happened, it is lucky that it happened.
“It’s a good thing that Jo was there to help you.”
z samego rana /tuż przed snem
thing
at the beginning/end of the day
“I’ll phone him first thing and tell him I can’t come.”,
“She likes a glass of milk last thing at night.”
być czyimś ulubionym zajęciem , być czymś , co ktoś lubi
thing
If an activity or subject is someone’s thing, they are very interested in it and like doing it.
“Jogging’s just not my thing - I prefer team sports.”
morze, ocean
sea
a large area of salt water
“I’d like to live by the sea.”,
“We went swimming in the sea.”,
“It was our third day at sea (= travelling on the sea).”,
“It’s cheaper to send parcels by sea (= on a ship).”
Morze
sea
a particular area of salt water
“the North Sea”,
“the Black Sea”
morze czegoś
sea
a large number of something
“He looked across the room and saw a sea of faces.”
era, epoka
era
a period of time in history that is special for a particular reason
“the Victorian era”,
“a new era of peace”
mój
mine
the things that belong or relate to the person who is speaking or writing
“I borrowed them from a friend of mine.”,
““Whose book is this?” “It’s mine.””,
“Can I use your pen? Mine’s not working.”
kopalnia
mine
an underground system of holes and passages where people dig out coal or other minerals
mina
mine
a bomb hidden in the ground or water that explodes when it is touched
“He was killed when he drove over a mine.”
wydobywać, poszukiwać
mine
to dig out of the ground minerals such as coal, metals, and valuable stones
“Tin was mined in this area for hundreds of years.”,
“He made his fortune mining for gold and diamonds.”
zaminować
mine
to put mines (= bombs) in the ground or water
“The southern coast was heavily mined during the war.”
propozycja, sugestia
suggestion
an idea or plan that someone suggests
“to make a suggestion “,
“Have you got any suggestions for improvements?”
oznaka czegoś , podejrzenie czegoś
suggestion
something that makes something seem likely to be true
“There’s no suggestion of any connection between the two men.”
za czyjąś radą lub namową
suggestion
following the advice that someone has given you
“We went to that restaurant at Paul’s suggestion.”
(swoje ) ja
self
your characteristics, including your personality, your abilities, etc
“our sense of self”,
“his true self”
być uzależnionym od kogoś/czegoś
rely
to need someone or something in order to be successful, work correctly, etc
“Families rely more on wives’ earnings than before.”
polegać na kimś/czymś
rely
to trust someone or something
“I know I can rely on you to help me.”
częsty
frequent
happening often
“He is a frequent visitor to the US.”
odwiedzać, bywać w
frequent
to go to a place often
“a bar frequented by criminals”
minuta
minute
a period of time equal to 60 seconds
“It’ll take you thirty minutes to get to the airport.”,
“She was ten minutes late for her interview.”,
““Did you have a good holiday?” “Yes, thanks. I enjoyed every minute of it.””,
“a thirty-minute journey”
minutka, chwila
minute
a very short period of time
“It’ll only take a minute to call him.”,
“I’ll be with you in a minute.”,
“She died within minutes of (= very soon after) the attack.”,
““When is Paul coming?” “He’ll be here in a minute.””
lada moment
minute
very soon
“Her train should be arriving any minute.”
ostatnia chwila
minute
the latest time possible
“The concert was cancelled at the last minute.”
(zaraz) jak tylko, zaraz jak
minute
as soon as
“I’ll tell you the minute we hear any news.”
Moment!, Chwileczkę!Moment!, Chwileczkę!
minute
used when asking someone to wait for a short timeused when you disagree with something that someone has said or done
“Just a minute - I’ve left my coat in the restaurant.”,
“Hold on a minute, Pete! I never said you could borrow my car.”
mikroskopijny
minute
extremely small
“a minute amount/quantity”
drobiazgowy, drobny
minute
done in great detail
“He explained everything in minute detail.”
droga, szosa
road
a long, hard surface built for vehicles to drive on
“Be careful when you cross the road.”,
“The journey takes about three hours by road (= in a car, bus, etc).”,
“Follow the main road (= large road) till you come to a church.”,
“a road accident”
ulica
road
used in the name of a road as part of an address
“142 Park Road”
trochę dalej, niedaleko
road
a distance away on the same road
“There’s a supermarket just down the road.”
po drugiej stronie (drogi )
road
on the other side of the road
“Who lives in that big house over the road?”
w drodze , w podróży
road
driving or travelling, usually over a long distance
“We’d been on the road for 48 hours.”
widzieć, zobaczyć
see
to notice people and things with your eyes
“Have you seen Jo?”,
“Turn the light on so I can see.”
rozumieć
see
to understand something
“I see what you mean.”,
“I don’t see why I should go.”
spotykać się z, iść do
see
to meet or visit someone
“I’m seeing Peter tonight.”,
“You should see a doctor.”
oglądać, widzieć
see
to watch a film, television programme, etc
“Did you see that programme last night?”
spojrzeć, sprawdzić
see
to find out information
“I’ll just see what time the train gets in.”
widzieć
see
to imagine or think about something or someone in a particular way
“I just can’t see him as a father.”
widzieć
see
to believe that something will happen
“I can’t see us finishing on time.”
przynosić, być świadkiem
see
to be the time or place where something happens
“This decade has seen huge technological advances.”
dopilnować żeby
see
If you ask someone to see that something happens, you want them to make sure it happens.
“Could you see that everyone gets a copy of this letter?”
odprowadzać kogoś do domu /na dworzec
see
to go somewhere with someone, especially to make sure they are safe
“Let me see you home.”
zastano-wię/wimy się, zobaczy się
see
used to say that you will make a decision about something later
"”Dad, can I have a guitar?” “We’ll see.””
na razie
see
used for saying goodbye
uczyć, kształcić
educate
to teach someone at a school or college
“She was educated ata private school.”
uświadamiać, informować
educate
to give people information about something so that they understand it better
“This is part of a campaign to educate people about the dangers of smoking.”
makijaż
makeup
coloured substances that a person puts on their face in order to make themselves more attractive
“to put on/take off make-up “,
“She doesn’t wear much make-up.”
rama
frame
a structure that goes around the edge of something such as a door, picture, window, or mirror
“a picture frame “,
“a window frame “
rama, szkielet
frame
the basic structure of a building, vehicle, or piece of furniture that other parts are added onto
“a bicycle frame”
sylwetka
frame
the shape of someone’s body
“his large/small frame”
oprawiać
frame
to put something such as a picture into a frame
“I’m going to frame this and put it on the wall.”
podkreślać, (zgrabnie) obramować
frame
to form an edge to something in an attractive way
“Dark hair framed her face.”
wrabiać
frame
to intentionally make it seem as if someone is guilty of a crime
“He claimed he had been framed by the police.”
formułować, układać
frame
to express something choosing your words carefully
“I tried to frame a suitable reply.”
przetrwać, zachować się, pozostawać
remain
to continue to exist when everything or everyone else has gone
“Only a few hundred of these animals remain today.”
zachować spokój/być otwartym itp. , pozostawać tajemnicą /więźniem itp.
remain
to continue to be in the same state
“Despite the chaos around him, he remained calm.”,
“The exact date of the wedding remains a secret.”
pozostawać na/w/z itp.
remain
to stay in the same place
“She will remain at her mother’s until I return.”
przepis
regulation
an official rule that controls how something is done
“building regulations”
regulacja, kontrola
regulation
the control of a process or activity
“government regulation of interest rates”
taktyka
tactic
a way of doing something that you plan in order to achieve what you want
“These bomb attacks represent a change of tactics by the terrorists.”
rozróżniać, odróżniać
distinguish
to recognize the differences between two people, ideas, or things
“Children must learn to distinguish between right and wrong.”,
“People have difficulty distinguishing Tracy from her twin sister Mary.”
wyróżniać, odróżniać
distinguish
to make one person or thing seem different from another
“His great skill distinguishes him from the rest of the team.”
wyławiać, rozpoznawać
distinguish
to be able to see, hear, or understand something
wyróżniać się
distinguish
to do something so well that people notice and admire you
mieszkanie
flat
a set of rooms to live in, with all the rooms on one level of a building
“a large block of flats “
płaski
flat
smooth and level, with no curved, high, or hollow parts
“a flat surface”,
“The countryside around here is very flat.”
beznamiętny, pozbawiony entuzjazmu
flat
without any energy, interest, or emotion
“Her voice sounded very flat.”
bez powietrza
flat
If a tyre is flat, it does not contain enough air.
bez gazu , zwietrzały
flat
If a drink is flat, it does not contain enough bubbles of gas.
rozładowany
flat
If a battery (= object which provides electricity) is flat, it does not contain any more electrical power.
stała cena/stawka itp.
flat
a price/rate, etc that is the same for everyone and does not change
“He charges a flat rate of 15 euros an hour.”
b/e-moll itp. , Uwaga: B flat to wyjątkowo dźwięk lub skala b (zamiast h-moll), nie b-moll ; wszystkie pozostałe dźwięki skali mają zawsze po polsku końcówkę -moll
flat
the musical note that is between the note B/E, etc and the note below it
zbyt niski
flat
A flat musical note sounds unpleasant because it is slightly lower than it should be.
płaski
flat
Flat shoes do not raise your feet far from the ground.
płasko
flat
in a horizontal or level position on a surface
“She spread the cloth flat across the kitchen table.”
na pełnych obrotach
flat
using all your energy or effort
“We’ve all been working flat out to finish the project on time.”
dokładnie w 5 minut/30 sekund itp.
flat
in exactly and only 5 minutes, 30 seconds, etc
“He showered and got dressed in 10 minutes flat.”
podczas, w czasie
during
for the whole of a period of time
“Emma’s usually at home during the day.”
w ciągu , podczas, w trakcie
during
at a particular moment in a period of time
“We’ll arrange a meeting some time during the week.”
piętnaście
fifteen
the number 15
zwykle, zazwyczaj, na ogół
usually
in the way that most often happens
“I usually get home at about six o’clock.”,
“Usually I just have a sandwich.”
efektywny, skuteczny
effective
successful or achieving the result that you want
“effective management”,
“What is the most effective way of teaching grammar?”
wchodzić w życie
effective
If changes, laws, etc become effective, they officially start.
“The new tax law becomes effective on Monday.”
faktyczny, rzeczywisty
effective
used to say what the real situation is although officially it is different
“She has effective control of the company.”
udar
stroke
a sudden problem in your brain that changes the flow of blood and makes you unable to move part of your body
“to have/suffer a stroke “
ruch, pociągnięcie
stroke
a movement that you make against something with your hand, a pen, brush, etc
“a brush stroke “
styl (pływacki)
stroke
a style of swimming
uderzenie
stroke
the action of moving your arm and hitting the ball in sports such as tennis, golf, etc
głaskać
stroke
to gently move your hand over a surface
“to stroke a cat/dog”,
“He stroked her hair.”
ocena, szacunek
estimate
a guess of what a size, value, amount, etc might be
“a rough estimate “
wycena, kosztorys
estimate
a written document saying how much it will probably cost to do a job
“Can you give me an estimate for the work?”
oceniać, szacować
estimate
to guess the cost, size, value, etc of something
“They estimate that a hundred people were killed in the accident.”,
“The number of dead is estimated at a hundred.”
piłka nożna
football
a game in which two teams of players kick a round ball and try to score goals
“a game of football”,
“a football match/team “
futbol amerykański
football
a game in which two teams of players try to kick, run with, or throw an oval ball across each other’s goal line
piłka (nożna lub do nogi lub futbolowa )
football
a large ball for kicking, especially in football
walczyć, bić się, toczyć
fight
When people fight, they use physical force to try to defeat each other.
“Two men were arrested for fighting outside a bar.”,
“Sam’s always fighting with his little brother.”
walczyć, toczyć
fight
to take part in a war
“Millions of young men fought in World War I.”
kłócić się
fight
to argue
“We’ve got to stop fighting in front of the children.”
walczyć, zwalczać
fight
to try hard to stop something bad happening
“He fought against racism.”,
“New measures have been introduced to fight crime.”,
“Aspirin and vitamin C help fight colds and flu.”
walczyć
fight
to try hard to achieve something you want or think is right
“They are fighting for their freedom.”,
“He had to fight very hard to keep his job.”
walczyć o życie
fight
to be trying very hard to stay alive when you are very sick or badly injured
bójka
fight
an occasion when people use physical force to hurt or attack others
“He’s always getting into fights.”
kampania, walka
fight
a determined effort to achieve or stop something
“She was very active in the fight against drugs.”,
“Join us in our fight for freedom!”,
“the fight to save the whales”
kłótnia
fight
an argument
“I don’t want to have a fight over this.”
walka
fight
a boxing competition
wątpliwość
doubt
the feeling of not being certain about something, or not trusting someone or something
“I have some doubts about his ability to do the job.”
nie mieć wątpliwości
doubt
to be certain
“I have no doubt that I made the right decision.”
nie ma wątpliwości , bez wątpienia
doubt
it is certain
“There is no doubt that he’s a good player.”
stać pod znakiem zapytania
doubt
to not be certain
“The future of the project is in doubt.”
podawać coś w wątpliwość
doubt
to make something seem uncertain
“Witnesses have cast doubt on the suspect’s innocence.”
bez wątpienia
doubt
certainly
“She is without doubt a great musician.”
na pewno, niewątpliwie
doubt
used to say that something is very likely
“No doubt she’ll spend the money on new clothes.”
wątpić
doubt
to feel uncertain about something or think that something is not probable
“I doubt that I’ll get the job.”,
“I doubt if/whether he’ll win.”
wątpić, niedowierzać
doubt
to not believe someone or something
“Do you have any reason to doubt her?”
różnorodność
diversity
a situation in which many different types of things or people are included in something
“ethnic diversity”
frustracja
frustration
the feeling of being annoyed because things are not happening in the way that you want, or in the way that they should
“I could sense his frustration at not being able to help.”
zatrudnienie, praca
employment
paid work that someone does for a person or company
“full-time/part-time employment “,
“It is not easy to find employment in the countryside.”,
“employment opportunities/rights”
zastosowanie
employment
the use of something
rzeczy , rzecz, coś
stuff
used to refer to a substance or a group of things or ideas, etc without saying exactly what they are
“There’s some sticky stuff on the carpet.”,
“They sell bread and cakes and stuff like that.”,
“What sort of stuff are you interested in?”,
“Can I leave my stuff at your house?”
wpychać coś gdzieś
stuff
to push something into a small space, often quickly or in a careless way
“He stuffed the papers into his briefcase and left.”
wypełniać, napychać
stuff
to completely fill a container with something
“an envelope stuffed with money”
faszerować, nadziewać
stuff
to fill meat, vegetables, etc with a mixture of food before you cook them
“stuffed peppers”
wypychać
stuff
to fill the body of a dead animal with special material so that it looks as if it is still alive
chwila, moment
moment
a very short period of time
“I’ll be back in a moment.”,
“For a moment I thought it was Anna.”,
“Could you wait a moment?”
chwila, moment
moment
a point in time
“Just at that moment, the phone rang.”
w tej chwili
moment
now
“I’m afraid she’s not here at the moment.”
na razie
moment
If you do something for the moment, you are doing it now but might do something different in the future.
“For the moment, let’s do what we agreed to.”
(zaraz) jak tylko, zaraz jak
moment
as soon as
“I’ll call you the moment I hear anything.”
osiągać sukces lub powodzenie, ≈ udać się
succeed
to achieve what you are trying to achieve
“She has the skill and determination to succeed.”,
“He has finally succeeded in passing his exams.”
zastępować, obejmować urząd po
succeed
to take an official job or position after someone else
“The Queen was succeeded by her eldest son when she died.”
nie zgadzać się
disagree
to have a different opinion from someone else about something
“I disagree with most of what he said.”,
“Experts disagree about/on the causes of the disease.”
model/ka
model
someone whose job is to wear fashionable clothes, be in photographs, etc in order to advertise things
“a fashion model”
model
model
a smaller copy of a real object, often used to show how something works or what it looks like
“He makes models as a hobby.”
wzór
model
someone or something that is an example for others to copy
“a model of good behaviour”
model
model
a design of machine or car that is made by a particular company
“I think her car is a slightly older model.”
pracować jako model/ka, prezentować
model
to wear clothes in fashion shows, magazines, etc as a model
“She’s been modelling for the same designer for years.”
obniżka
reduction
the act of reducing something
“She refused to accept a reduction in wages.”,
“price reductions”
redukcja
reduction
the process of adding one or more electrons to a substance or removing oxygen from a substance
tuzin
dozen
twelve, or a group of twelve
“There were about a dozen people at the party.”
dziesiątki
dozen
a lot
“She’s got dozens of friends.”
równy, gładki
even
flat, level, or smooth
“Find an even surface to work on.”
równy, równomierny
even
An even temperature or rate is regular and does not change very much.
“Walking at an even pace, they covered about four miles in the first hour.”
parzysty
even
An even number is a number that can be exactly divided by two, for example four, six, or eight.
kwita
even
not now owing someone money
“If you pay for my cinema ticket, we’ll be even.”
wyrównany
even
An even race or competition is one that both players, teams, or people involved have an equal chance of winning.
wyrównywać (z kimś ) rachunki
even
If you get even with someone who has done something bad to you, you do something bad to them.
nawet
even
used to emphasize something that is surprising
“Everyone danced, even Mick.”,
“I said hello, but he didn’t even look at me.”
jeszcze lepszy/szybszy/mniejszy itp.
even
used when comparing things, to emphasize the difference
“I think Alex is going to be even taller than his father.”
nawet jeśli, nawet gdyby
even
used to emphasize that a particular situation would not change what you have just said
“I would never eat meat, even if I was really hungry.”
chociaż, mimo że
even
although
“He still smokes, even though he’s got asthma.”
mimo to
even
used to emphasize that something surprising is true despite what you have just said
“Car prices have gone down a lot, but even so, we couldn’t afford to buy one.”
dramatyczny
dramatic
very sudden or noticeable
“a dramatic change/improvement “
dramatyczny, widowiskowy
dramatic
full of action and excitement
“a dramatic rescue”
dramatyczny
dramatic
relating to plays and acting
dramatyczny
dramatic
showing your emotions in a very obvious way because you want other people to notice you
“Stop being so dramatic!”
pisanie
writing
the skill or activity of producing words on a surface
“Teachers focus on reading and writing in the first year.”
pismo
writing
words that have been written or printed
“The writing was too small to read.”
pismo, charakter pisma
writing
the way that someone writes
“You’ve got very neat writing.”
pisarstwo
writing
the books, stories, articles, etc written by a particular person or group of people
“She’s studying women’s writing of the 1930s.”
pisarstwo
writing
the activity or job of creating books, stories, or articles
na piśmie
writing
An agreement that is in writing is official because it has been written and not only spoken.
“Please confirm your reservation in writing.”
wczoraj
yesterday
the day before today
“I went to see the doctor yesterday.”,
“yesterday morning/afternoon”
super, świetny, świetnie
super
very good
“We had a super time.”
super-
super
extremely or more than usual
“a supermodel”,
“super-rich”
dolny
lower
being the bottom part of something
“I’ve got a pain in my lower back.”,
“She bit her lower lip.”
obniżać, opuszczać, spuszczać
lower
to move something to a low position
“They lowered the coffin into the grave.”
obniżać
lower
to reduce the amount of something
“I’ll join if they lower the entrance fee.”
przepis
formula
a plan or method that is used to achieve something
“There’s no magic formula for success.”
wzór
formula
a set of letters, numbers, or symbols that are used to express a mathematical or scientific rule
receptura, skład
formula
a list of the substances that something is made of
wzmacniać
reinforce
to make an existing opinion or idea stronger
“to reinforce a view/feeling”
wzmacniać
reinforce
to make something stronger
“a security door reinforced by steel bars”,
“reinforced concrete”
się, sobie, siebie, sobą
yourself
the reflexive form of the pronoun ‘you’
“Don’t cut yourself with that sharp knife.”
sam
yourself
used to emphasize the pronoun ‘you’ when talking about the actions of the person you are speaking to
“Did you make the dress yourself?”
(całkiem) sam/sami
yourself
alone or without anyone else’s help
“I’m amazed you managed to move those boxes all by yourself.”
(tylko) dla siebie
yourself
for your use only
“So you’ve got the whole house to yourself this weekend?”
szeptać
whisper
to speak extremely quietly so that other people cannot hear
“She whispered something to the girl sitting next to her.”
wypracowanie, esej
essay
a short piece of writing about a particular subject, especially one written by a student
“He wrote an essay on modern Japanese literature.”
ruch
motion
the way something moves or the fact that it is moving
“The motion of the boat made him feel sick.”
ruch
motion
a single action or movement
“She made a motion with her hand.”
wniosek
motion
a suggestion that you make in a formal meeting or court of law
“to propose/oppose a motion “
nadawać czemuś bieg, wprawiać coś w ruch
motion
to make something start to happen
skinąć na kogoś , aby coś zrobił
motion
to make a movement as a sign for someone to do something
“She motioned him to sit down.”
ulica
street
a road in a town or city that has houses or other buildings
“We live on the same street.”,
“a street map”
udany, pomyślny
successful
achieving what you want to achieve
“If the operation is successful, she should be walking within a few months.”
odnoszący sukcesy
successful
having achieved a lot or made a lot of money through your work
“a successful businessman”
cieszący się powodzeniem
successful
very popular
“a successful book/film”
sprawność (fizyczna ), forma, kondycja
fitness
the condition of being physically strong and healthy
“physical fitness “
zdatność
fitness
the quality of being suitable for a particular purpose, job, course of study, etc
“The purpose of the exercise is to judge a soldier’s fitness for combat.”
średni
media
in the middle of a group of different amounts or sizes
“people of medium weight”,
“She bought a medium-sized car.”,
“The shirt comes in small, medium, and large.”
medium, środek (przekazu )
media
a way of communicating or expressing something
“the medium of television/radio”,
“The Internet has become yet another medium for marketing.”
rejon, okolica, region
region
a particular area in a country or the world
“China’s coastal region”
okolica
region
an area of the body
“pain in the lower abdominal region”
około czegoś
region
approximately
“It probably cost somewhere in the region of 900 euros.”
pierwszy
first
coming before all others
“Who was the first person to arrive at the party?”,
“He was nervous on his first day at school.”,
“Her first novel didn’t sell very well.”,
“They went abroad last year for the first time since having children.”
pierwszy
first
1st written as a word
pierwszy
first
most important
“Sheila won first prize in the photo competition.”
najpierw, jako pierwszy
first
before everything or everyone else
“I can go to the cinema, but I’ve got to do my homework first.”,
“Jason came first in the 400 metres (= he won).”
po raz pierwszy
first
for the first time
“I first heard the song on the radio.”,
“He first started playing the piano at school.”
na początku , z początku
first
at the beginning of a situation or period of time
“At first I thought she was unfriendly, but actually she is just shy.”
po pierwsze przede wszystkim
first
used to introduce the first idea, reason, etc in a seriesbefore doing anything else
“First, I think we have to change our marketing strategy.”,
“First of all check you have all the correct ingredients.”
być na pierwszym miejscu
first
to be the most important person or thing
“Her career always comes first.”
stawiać kogoś/coś na pierwszym miejscu
first
to consider someone or something to be the most important thing
“Most couples put their children first when sorting out their problems.”
kto pierwszy ten lepszy
first
something you say when there is not enough of something for everyone and only the first people who ask for it will get it
pierwszy
first
the first person, people, thing, or things
“Hillary and Norgay were the first to climb Everest.”,
“I enjoyed his second novel more than the first.”
otwierać drogę , przecierać szlaki
first
to be something that has never happened before
“Man walking on the moon was a first in space history.”
dyplom z wyróżnieniem
first
the highest exam result that you can achieve at the end of a university course in the UK
zaskakujący, nieoczekiwany, dziwny
surprisingly
not expected and making someone feel surprised
“It’s not surprising you’re putting on weight, the amount you’re eating!”
wschodni
eastern
in or from the east part of an area
“eastern Europe”
wschodni, Wschodu
eastern
in or from the countries of Asia
“Eastern philosophy”,
“an Eastern religion”,
“Eastern cuisine”,
“The Eastern religions interest me more.”
odzwierciedlać
reflect
to show or be a sign of something
“The statistics reflect a change in people’s spending habits.”
odbijać
reflect
If a surface reflects heat, light, sound, etc, it sends the light, etc back and does not absorb it.
odbijać (się)
reflect
If a surface such as a mirror or water reflects something, you can see the image of that thing in the mirror, water, etc.
“He saw himself reflected in the shop window.”
zastanawiać się rozmyślać
reflect
to think in a serious and careful way
“In prison, he had plenty of time to reflect on the crimes he had committed.”
księżyc
moon
the round object that shines in the sky at night and moves around the Earth
księżyc w pierwszej lub ostatniej kwadrze /pełni /nowiu
moon
the shape made by the amount of the moon that you can see at a particular time
księżyc
moon
a round object like the moon that moves around another planet
“The planet Saturn has eighteen moons.”
kilka, parę
few
some, or a small number of
“She’s staying at the cottage for a few days.”,
“It’ll be here in a few minutes.”,
“I met a few of the other employees at my interview.”
sporo
few
quite a large number of
“Quite a few people have had the same problem.”
niewiele, mało
few
not many, or only a small number of
“We get few complaints.”,
“Few of the children can read or write yet.”,
“Very few people can afford to pay those prices.”
bardzo rzadki
few
not happening or existing very often
“Opportunities like this are few and far between.”
restauracja
restaurant
a place where you can buy and eat a meal
“an Italian/vegetarian restaurant”,
“We had lunch at/in a restaurant near the station.”
wartość
value
how much money something could be sold for
“The new road has affected the value of these houses.”,
“Cars quickly go down in value.”
wartość
value
how useful or important something is
“a document of great historical value”
dobry interes
value
If something is good value, it is of good quality or there is a lot of it so you think the amount of money you spent on it was right.
“The meal was very good value.”
cenić (sobie)
value
If you value something or someone, they are very important to you.
“I always value his opinion.”
wyceniać
value
to judge how much money something could be sold for
“The ring was valued at $1000.”
słodki
sweet
with a taste like sugar
“It was covered in a very sweet chocolate sauce.”
słodki
sweet
attractive, often because of being small
“Look at that kitten - isn’t she sweet?”
miły, kochany
sweet
kind and friendly
“It was really sweet of you to come.”
słodki
sweet
A sweet smell or sound is pleasant.
cukierek, ≈ słodycze
sweet
a small piece of sweet food, often made of sugar or chocolate
“You shouldn’t eat so many sweets - they’re bad for your teeth.”
wymaganie
requirement
something that is needed or demanded
“college entrance requirements “,
“Valid insurance is a legal requirement.”
itp.
etc
abbreviation for et cetera: used at the end of a list to show that other things or people could also be added to it
oni, one
they
used as the subject of the verb when referring to a group of people, animals, or things that have already been talked about
“I saw Kate and Nigel yesterday - they came over for dinner.”,
““Have you seen my car keys?” “They’re on the kitchen table.””
on, ona
they
used to refer to a person when you want to avoid saying ‘he’ or ‘she’ or when you do not know if the person is male or female
“Someone I met at a party said they knew you.”
ludzie , wyraża stwierdzenia ogólne, bezosobowe, tłumaczone w różny sposób, np. mówi się , podobno itp.
they
people in general
“They say that breaking a mirror brings you seven years’ bad luck.”
zapewniać, upewniać się, dopilnować
ensure
to make certain that something is done or happens
“Please ensure that all examination papers have your name at the top.”
ramy
framework
a system of rules, ideas, or beliefs that is used to plan or decide something
“a legal framework for resolving disputes”
szkielet, struktura
framework
the basic structure that supports something such as a vehicle or building and gives it its shape
czysty
pure
A pure substance is not mixed with anything else.
“pure gold”,
“pure wool”
czysty
pure
used to emphasize that a feeling, quality, or state is completely and only that thing
“pure coincidence “,
“Her face had a look of pure delight.”
czysty
pure
clean and healthy
“pure air/water “
matematyka/fizyka itp. czysta
pure
the study of mathematics/physics, etc based only on ideas and not on practical use
czysty
pure
completely good and not having any bad qualities or bad morals
lot
flight
a journey in an aircraft
“Have you booked your flight yet?”,
“The flight to Chicago took 4 hours.”
lot
flight
an aircraft that carries passengers from one place to another
“Flight 102 is ready for boarding at Gate 3.”
lot
flight
the movement of flying or moving through the air
“an eagle in flight”
piętro, kondygnacja
flight
a set of stairs
“The lift was broken so we had to climb six flights of stairs.”
przedstawiać
portray
If a book or film portrays someone or something, it describes or shows them.
“Both novels portray the lives of professional athletes.”,
“In the movie he’s portrayed as a hero.”
grać, odtwarzać rolę
portray
to act the part of a character in a film or play
zmiana, zwrot
shift
a change in something
“There has been a dramatic shift in public opinion on this matter.”
zmiana
shift
a period of work in a place such as a factory or hospital
“afternoon/night shift “,
“He works an eight-hour shift.”
przesuwać
shift
to change something
“We are trying to shift the emphasis from curing illness to preventing it.”
przenosić
shift
to move something to another place
“We need to shift all these boxes into the other room.”
przemieszczać, kręcić się
shift
to move into a different position
“He shifted uncomfortably in his seat.”
zmieniać, wrzucać
shift
to change the position of the gears (= parts that control how fast the wheels turn) in a vehicle
“to shift gears “,
“She shifted into neutral and turned off the engine.”
brać, zabierać
take
to get and carry something with you when you go somewhere
“I always take my mobile phone with me.”
brać, zabierać
take
to go somewhere with someone, often paying for them or being responsible for them
“I took the kids to the park.”,
“I’m taking my wife to Florence for the weekend.”
brać, zabierać
take
to remove something without permission
“Someone’s taken my coat.”
brać, zabierać
take
to get hold of something and move it
“He reached across and took the glass from her.”
przyjmować
take
to accept something
“So, are you going to take the job?”,
“Do you take credit cards?”
zajmować, zabierać, wymagać
take
If something takes a particular amount of time, or a particular quality, you need that amount of time or that quality in order to be able to do it.
“It’s taken me three days to get here.”,
“It takes a lot of courage to stand up and talk in front of so many people.”
brać
take
to swallow or use medicine
“Take two tablets, three times a day.”
mierzyć
take
to measure something
“Have you taken her temperature?”
nosić
take
to wear a particular size of clothes
“I take a size 12 in trousers.”
mieścić
take
to have enough space for a particular number of people or things
“There’s six of us and the car only takes five.”
jechać
take
to travel somewhere by using a bus, train, car, etc, or by using a particular road
“Are you taking the train to Edinburgh?”,
“Take the A316 towards Richmond.”
robić przerwę /odpoczynek itp.
take
to stop working for a period
“If you’re tired, take a rest.”
znajdować przyjemność/być dumnym /interesować się itp.
take
to have a particular, good feeling about something that you do
“I take great pleasure in cooking.”,
“These women take their jobs very seriously (= think their jobs are very important).”
spoglądać
take
to look at something
“Take a look at these photos.”
przyjmować, rozumieć
take
to understand something in a particular way
“Whatever I say she’ll take it the wrong way.”
rozumiem , że
take
used when you think that what you say is probably true
“I take it you’re not coming with us.”
nie móc czegoś znieść, mieć czegoś dosyć
take
to not be able to deal with an unpleasant situation
“We argue all the time - I really can’t take it any more.”
możesz mi wierzyć
take
accept that what I say is true, because I know or have experienced it
“You could be doing a much less interesting job, take it from me.”
radzić sobie z czymś na bieżąco
take
to deal with something as it happens, without planning for it
“With an illness like this you just have to take every day as it comes.”
zajmować
take
to get control of something by force
“By morning they had taken the city.”
użytkownik
user
someone who uses a product, machine, or service
“drug users”,
“a new service for Internet users”
(na) zawsze, wiecznie
forever
for all time in the future
“I’ll love you forever.”
całe wieki
forever
used to emphasize that something takes a long time
“The journey home took forever.”
wiecznie
forever
used to emphasize that something happens often
“She is forever helping people.”
emocjonalny, uczuciowy
emotional
relating to emotions
“a child’s emotional development”
emocjonalny, poruszony, poruszający
emotional
showing strong feelings, or making people have strong feelings
“an emotional speech”,
“After the argument, I was feeling confused and emotional.”
uczuciowy
emotional
An emotional person shows their emotions very easily or very often.
przeciwny, przeciw
against
disagreeing with a plan or activity
“Andrew wants to change offices but I’m against it.”,
“There were 70 votes for the new proposal and 30 against.”
przeciw, z
against
competing with or opposing someone or something
“Liverpool is playing against AC Milan.”,
“the fight against racism”
do, o
against
touching something
“Push the bed against the wall.”
na, przed, przeciw
against
protecting you from something bad
“Fresh fruit in the diet may protect against cancer.”
pod
against
in the opposite direction to the way something is moving
“I was cycling against the wind.”
wbrew prawu /zasadom
against
forbidden by a law or by rules
“It’s against the law to leave young children alone in the house.”
wbrew czyimś radom /życzeniom itp.
against
If you do something against someone’s advice, wishes, etc, you do it although they have said you should not or must not.
“He flew there against his doctor’s advice.”
mieć coś przeciwko komuś/czemuś
against
to have a reason not to like someone or something
“I have nothing against him personally, I just don’t think he’s the right man for the job.”
