Deck 27 Flashcards
wkwestii czegoś
wise
changes a noun into an adverb meaning ‘relating to this subject’
“Weather-wise, the holiday was great.”,
“How are we doing time-wise?”
mądry, rozsądny
wise
A wise decision or action shows good judgment and is the right thing to do.
“I think we’ve made a wise choice.”,
“It’s always wise to see a doctor if you’re worried about your health.”
mądry
wise
A wise person is able to use their knowledge and experience to make good decisions and give good advice.
dalej nic nie rozumieć lub wiedzieć
wise
to still not understand something after someone has tried to explain it to you
podatek
tax
money that you have to pay to the government from what you earn or when you buy things
“They’re putting up the tax on cigarettes.”,
“Do you have to pay tax on that?”
opodatkować, obłożyć podatkiem
tax
to make someone pay a tax
“Goods such as clothes are taxed at 15%.”
męczyć, kosztować dużo wysiłku
tax
to need a lot of effort
“It’s only a short report - it shouldn’t tax me too much.”
inteligencja
intelligence
the ability to learn, understand, and think about things
“a child of low intelligence “
informacje, wywiad
intelligence
secret information about the governments of other countries, or the group of people who get this information
“military intelligence”
bez-
less
changes a noun into an adjective meaning ‘without’
“homeless people”,
“a meaningless statement”,
“a hopeless situation”
mniej, mniejszy
less
a smaller amount
“She gets about $50 a week or less.”,
“I was driving at less than 20 miles per hour.”,
“Tuberculosis is less of a threat these days.”,
“I prefer my coffee with a little less sugar.”
mniej
less
not as much
“I’m trying to exercise more and eat less.”,
“Plastic bottles are less expensive to produce.”
coraz mniej
less
If something happens less and less, it gradually becomes smaller in amount or not so frequent.
“I find I’m eating less and less red meat.”
sklep
shop
a building or part of a building where you can buy things
“a book shop”,
“a shoe shop”,
“to go to the shops”,
“a shop window”
kupować, robić zakupy
shop
to buy things in shops
“I’m shopping for baby clothes.”,
“I usually go shopping on Saturday.”
klucz
key
a piece of metal cut into a particular shape and used for locking things such as doors, or for starting an engine
“I’ve lost my car keys.”
klucz
key
a way of explaining or achieving something
“Hard work is the key to success.”
klawisz
key
one of the parts you press with your fingers on a keyboard or musical instrument to produce letters, numbers, or to make a sound
tonacja
key
a set of musical notes based on one particular note
“the key of D major”
legenda
key
a list that explains the symbols on a map or picture
klucz
key
a list of answers to an exercise or game
kluczowy
key
very important in influencing or achieving something
“a key factor “
główny
prime
main, or most important
“the prime suspect in a murder investigation”
pierwszorzędny
prime
of the best quality
“The hotel is in a prime location in the city centre.”
klasyczny przykład
prime
a very good example of something
najlepsze lata (życia ), ≈ w kwiecie wieku
prime
the period in your life when you are most active or successful
“At 35, she’s in her prime.”,
“the prime of life “
przygotowywać
prime
to prepare someone for an event or situation, often by giving them the information that they need
“The president had been well primed before the debate.”
otrzymywać
receive
to get something that someone has given or sent to you
“Occasionally, he receives letters from fans.”,
“She received a number of awards during her lifetime.”
przyjmować, odbierać
receive
to react to a suggestion or piece of work in a particular way
“His first book was not well received (= people did not like it).”
przyjmować
receive
to formally welcome guests
obserwacja
observation
the act of watching someone or something carefully
“The doctor wants to keep him under observation for a week.”,
“to have good powers of observation (= to be good at noticing things) “
obserwacja, uwaga
observation
a remark about something that you have noticed
“He made an interesting observation.”
wyobraźnia
imagination
the part of your mind that creates ideas or pictures of things that are not real or that you have not seen
“There’s nothing out here - it’s just your imagination.”
wyobraźnia
imagination
the ability to create ideas or pictures in your mind
“The job needs someone with creativity and imagination.”,
“I’m afraid my imagination is not as fertile as yours.”
(być) może
possibly
used when something is not certain
“Someone, possibly Tom, had left the window open.”
tylko, absolutnie
possibly
used with ‘can’ or ‘could’ for emphasis
“We’ll do everything we possibly can to help.”,
“I couldn’t possibly ask you to do that.”
może, ewentualnie
possibly
used in polite questions
“Could I possibly borrow your bike?”
płeć
gender
the state of being male or female
rodzaj
gender
the division of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives into masculine, feminine, and neuter types
wtedy
then
at that time
“Call me tomorrow - I’ll have time to speak then.”,
“Tim and I were at school together, but I haven’t seen him since then.”
potem, następnie
then
next, or after something has happened
“She trained as a teacher and then became a lawyer.”,
“Let me finish my drink, then we’ll go.”
to, więc
then
so or because of that
“Have a rest now, then you won’t be tired this evening.”,
““My interview’s at 9 o’clock.” “You’ll be catching an early train, then?””
jeszcze
then
used in order to add something to what you have just said
“I’ve got two essays to write and then my science project to finish.”
no więc
then
used to introduce a question or a suggestion
“Right then, what do you want to drink?”,
“Now then, shall we make a start?”
ówczesny
then
used to refer to something that was true in the past but that is not true now
“the then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher”
kurtka, marynarka
jacket
a short coat
“a leather jacket”
machać
wave
to raise your hand and move it from side to side in order to attract someone’s attention or to say goodbye
“Wave goodbye to Grandma.”,
“She waved at him.”
machnąć na kogoś , dać komuś znak ręką
wave
to show which way you want someone to go by moving your hand in that direction
“The police waved him on.”
falować, machać
wave
to move from side to side in the air or make something move this way
“The long grass waved in the breeze.”,
“He started waving his arms about wildly.”
fala
wave
a line of higher water that moves across the surface of the sea or a lake
“I could hear the waves crashing against the rocks.”
fala
wave
a group of people or things that arrive or happen together or in a short period of time
“There has been a wave of kidnappings in the region.”,
“Another wave of refugees is arriving at the border.”
fala nienawiści /przypływ entuzjazmu /smutku itp.
wave
an emotion that you suddenly feel
“She felt a sudden wave of sadness.”
machnięcie ręką lub ręki
wave
a movement of your hand from side to side in order to attract someone’s attention or say goodbye
“She gave a little wave as the train left.”
fala
wave
a piece of sound, light, or other energy that travels up and down in a curved pattern
“a radio wave”
zwyczaj
habit
something that you do regularly, almost without thinking about it
“He’s just eating out of habit - he’s not really hungry.”
mieć jakiś zwyczaj/nabrać jakiegoś zwyczaju
habit
to be used/get used to doing something regularly
“She’s not in the habit of going out every night.”,
“We don’t want the children to get into the habit of watching a lot of TV.”
nawyk, nałóg
habit
something that you often do that is bad for your health or is annoying
“He has some really nasty habits.”,
“We offer help to alcoholics who want to kick the habit.”
habit
habit
a long, loose piece of clothing worn by some religious groups
“a monk’s habit”
przeszukiwać, szukać (w)
search
to try to find someone or something
“I’ve searched my bedroom but I can’t find my watch.”,
“He searched in his pockets for some change.”,
“Police are still searching the woods for the missing girl.”
przeszukiwać, rewidować
search
If the police search someone, they look in their clothes and bags to see if they are hiding anything illegal, such as drugs.
“They were searched at the airport.”
szukać, poszukiwać
search
to try to find an answer to a problem
“Doctors are still searching for a cure.”
poszukiwanie, poszukiwania
search
an attempt to find someone or something
“Police are continuing their search for the missing girl.”,
“They went off in search of (= to find) a bar.”
poszukiwanie
search
an attempt to find an answer to a problem
“the search for happiness”
część, sekcja
section
one of the parts that something is divided into
“a non-smoking section in a restaurant”,
“the business section of a newspaper”,
“the tail section of an aircraft”
przekrój
section
a model or drawing of something that shows how it would look if it were cut from top to bottom and seen from the side
łatwy
easy
not difficult
“an easy choice”,
“He thought the exam was very easy.”,
“It’s easy to see why he’s so popular.”
swobodny
easy
relaxed and comfortable
“She has a very easy manner.”
mi wszystko jedno
easy
used to say that you do not mind which choice is made
"”Would you like pizza or curry?” “I’m easy. You choose.””
nie przemęczać się, oszczędzać się
easy
to relax and not use too much energy
“After his heart attack, he had to take things easy for a while.”
być wyrozumiałym lub łagodnym dla kogoś
easy
to treat someone in a gentle way and not be too strict
“Go easy on the boy - he’s only young.”
ograniczać się z czymś , nie przesadzać z czymś
easy
to not eat or use too much of something
“Go easy on the chips, there aren’t many left.”
najwyraźniej, oczywiście
obviously
in a way that is easy to understand or see
“They’re obviously in love.”,
“Obviously we want to start as soon as possible.”
ciąża
pregnancy
the state of being pregnant
“a teenage pregnancy”
wyłaniać się
emerge
to appear from somewhere or come out of somewhere
“A figure emerged from the shadows.”
okazywać się, wychodzić na jaw
emerge
to become known
“It emerged that she had lied to her employers.”
wychodzić
emerge
to reach the end of a difficult situation
“They emerged victorious from the fight.”
latać, lecieć
fly
When a bird, insect, aircraft, etc flies, it moves through the air.
“The robin flew up into a tree.”,
“The plane was flying at 5000 feet.”
lecieć
fly
to travel through the air in an aircraft
“I’m flying to Delhi tomorrow.”
latać, pilotować (samolot)
fly
to control an aircraft
“She learned to fly at the age of 18.”
przewozić samolotem lub drogą powietrzną
fly
to take or send people or goods somewhere by aircraft
“She was flown to the hospital by helicopter.”
pędzić, lecieć
fly
to move somewhere very quickly
“He grabbed some clothes and flew down the stairs.”
wyrzucić kogoś/coś w powietrze
fly
to cause someone or something to move through the air suddenly, usually in an accident
pędzić, lecieć
fly
to leave suddenly
“I must fly - I’m late for work.”
naskoczyć (na kogoś/coś )
fly
to start shouting angrily or attacking someone
lecieć, uciekać
fly
If time flies, it passes very quickly.
wywieszać, powiewać
fly
If you fly a flag, or a flag is flying, it is fixed to a rope or pole and raised in the air.
mucha
fly
a small insect with two wings
“There was a fly buzzing around in the kitchen.”
rozporek
fly
the part where trousers open and close at the front
“a button/zip fly “
tylko
just
only
“I’ll just have a small piece.”,
“He just wants to win.”,
“The film is not just about love.”
właśnie
just
a very short time ago
“I’ve just been on a trip to France.”,
“We’ve only just begun.”
po prostu
just
used to emphasize something you say
“I just can’t bear it!”
ledwo
just
almost not
“This dress only just fits.”
dokładnie
just
exactly
“Tim looks just like his father.”,
“This carpet would be just right for my bedroom.”
już, właśnie
just
now or very soon
“The film is just beginning.”,
“I’m just coming!”
tuż lub odrobinę przed/ponad/poniżej itp.
just
a little before/over/under, etc something else
“It costs just over $10.”,
“She left just before Michael.”
prawie
just
almost
“I think I’ve remembered just about everything.”
właśnie mieć coś zrobić
just
to be going to do something very soon
“I was just about to phone you.”
równie zły/dobry/wysoki itp. (jak ktoś/coś )
just
equally bad/good/tall, etc
“He’s just as talented as his brother.”
nie pozostaje mi/ci/nam itp. nic innego jak robić coś
just
used to say that there is nothing else someone can do
“You’ll just have to wait.”
akurat jak
just
at the same time as
“She woke up just as we got there.”
na szczęście
just
used to say that it is lucky that something happened
“It’s just as well we brought an umbrella.”
sprawiedliwy
just
fair or morally right
“a just society”
całować
kiss
to press your lips against another person’s lips or skin to show love or affection
“He kissed her cheek.”,
“Len kissed Samantha goodbye at the front gate.”
pocałunek
kiss
an act of kissing someone
“She ran up and gave me a big kiss.”
obserwator
observer
someone who watches people and events as a job
“a UN observer”,
“a political observer”
obserwator, świadek
observer
someone who sees something
“a casual observer “
poczta
letters and parcels that are brought by post
“We got loads of mail this morning.”
poczta
the system by which letters and parcels are taken and brought
“Send it by mail.”,
“The letter is in the mail.”
wysyłać
to send a letter or parcel or email something
“Could you mail it to me?”
podstawa, podwalina
foundation
the idea or principle that something is based on
“Jefferson’s document formed the foundation of a new nation.”
założenie, utworzenie
foundation
the process of establishing an organization, state, or country
“the foundation of a new state”
fundacja
foundation
an organization that gives money for a particular purpose
“the Mental Health Foundation”
fundament, fundamenty
foundation
the part of a building, road, bridge, etc that is under the ground and supports it
“concrete foundations”
podkład (pod makijaż)
foundation
make-up that is worn all over the face to give it a smooth appearance
być bezpodstawnym
foundation
If something is without foundation, there is no proof that it is true.
“The allegations are completely without foundation.”
koń
horse
a large animal with four legs, which people ride or use to pull heavy things
matematyka, matma
math
short for mathematics
ziemia, grunt
land
an area of ground
“agricultural land”,
“undeveloped land”,
“Many farmers have been forced to sell their land.”
ląd
land
the surface of the Earth that is not sea
“to travel over land and sea”
kraina, kraj
land
a country
“a land of ice and snow”
lądować
land
If an aircraft lands, it arrives on the ground after a journey, and if you land it, you make it arrive on the ground.
“We should land in Madrid at 7 a.m.”,
“He managed to land the helicopter on the cliff.”
lądować gdzieś
land
If an object or person lands somewhere, they fall to the ground there.
“The ball landed in the neighbour’s garden.”,
“She landed flat on her back.”
zdobyć, upolować
land
to get something, usually something good
“He’s just landed a new job at an agency in London.”
sześć
six
the number 6
nauczanie, uczenie
teaching
the job of being a teacher
“He decided to go into teaching (= become a teacher).”
przyjazny, życzliwy
friendly
behaving in a pleasant, kind way towards someone
“a friendly face/smile “,
“The other students have been very friendly to us.”
być z kimś na stopie przyjacielskiej
friendly
to know and like someone
“Her brother is quite friendly with my brother.”
spotkanie towarzyskie
friendly
a sports match that is not part of an official competition
bezpieczny dla, przyjazny dla
friendly
used at the end of words to mean ‘not harmful’
“environmentally-friendly detergent”
odpowiedni dla
friendly
used at the end of words to mean ‘suitable for particular people to use’
“a family-friendly restaurant”
genetyczny
genetic
relating to genes (= parts of cells which control particular characteristics)
“a rare genetic disorder “,
“genetic research “
oceniać
evaluate
to consider or study something carefully and decide how good or bad it is
szczęśliwy, ≈ mieć szczęście
lucky
having good things happen to you
"”I’m going on holiday.” “Lucky you!””,
“The lucky winner will be able to choose from three different holidays.”,
“If you’re lucky, they might still be serving lunch.”,
“You’re lucky to have such a nice office to work in.”
szczęśliwy
lucky
If an object is lucky, some people believe that it gives you luck.
“I chose six - it’s my lucky number.”
przestawać
stop
to finish doing something that you were doing
“Stop laughing - it’s not funny.”,
“He started to say something and then stopped.”,
“I’m trying to work but I keep having to stop to answer the phone (= stop so that I can answer the telephone).”
zatrzymywać się
stop
to stop a journey or an activity for a short time
“He stopped at a pub for lunch.”
zatrzymywać (się)
stop
to not continue to operate, or to make something not continue to operate
“My watch has stopped.”,
“Can you stop the tape for a minute?”
zatrzymywać (się)
stop
to not move any more, or make someone or something not move any more
“A car stopped outside the house.”,
“I stopped someone in the street to ask for directions.”
zatrzymywać się, stawać
stop
If a bus, train, etc stops at a particular place, it pauses at that place so that people can get on and off.
“Does this train stop at Cambridge?”
położyć kres
stop
to make something end
“We must find a way to stop the war.”
powstrzymywać, zapobiegać
stop
to prevent something from happening or someone from doing something
“Health workers are trying to stop the disease from spreading.”
Przestań!
stop
used to tell someone to finish doing something, usually something annoying
“Stop it! I can’t concentrate if you keep making a noise.”
zablokować czek
stop
to prevent money from being paid from a cheque (= a piece of paper that you sign to pay for things)
przystanek
stop
a place where a bus or train stops so that people can get on or off
“We need to get off at the next stop.”
położyć czemuś kres
stop
to end something unpleasant
“We must put a stop to the violence.”
przerwa, przystanek
stop
a place where you stop on a journey, or the time that you spend there
“We had an overnight stop in Singapore.”
zatrzymywać się
stop
to stop moving
“The car came to a stop in front of an old cottage.”
święty
holy
relating to a religion or a god
“the holy city of Jerusalem”
święty
holy
very religious or pure
“a holy man”
wiadomość
message
a piece of written or spoken information that one person gives to another
“Did you get my message?”,
“I left her several messages, but she hasn’t returned my call.”
przesłanie
message
the most important idea of a film, book, etc
“The book conveys a complex message.”
wysłać wiadomość
message
to send someone an email or text message (= a written message sent from one mobile phone to another)
uchodźca
refugee
someone who has been forced to leave their country, especially because of a war
“a refugee camp”
kołysać (się), huśtać (się)
swing
to move smoothly backwards and forwards, or to make something do this
“She really swings her arms when she walks.”
zataczać łuk, machać
swing
to move smoothly in a curve, or to make something do this
“The door swung shut.”,
“Watch the ball as you swing the bat.”
zmieniać się
swing
If someone’s opinion or their feelings swing, they suddenly change.
“Her moods swing with absolutely no warning.”
huśtawka
swing
a chair hanging on two ropes that children sit on and swing backwards and forwards
zamach, cios
swing
an attempt to hit someone
“Isn’t that the boy Mark took a swing at (= tried to hit)?”
(gwałtowna ) zmiana, huśtawka
swing
a sudden change
“He suffered terrible mood swings.”
słońce
sun
the large, bright star that shines in the sky during the day and provides light and heat for the Earth
“The sun rises in the East and sets in the West.”
słońce
sun
the light and heat that comes from the sun
“I can’t sit in the sun for too long.”
opalać się, wygrzewać się na słońcu
sun
to sit or lie in the sun
“She was sitting on the deck sunning herself.”
niedz. (= = niedziela)
sun
written abbreviation for Sunday
ostatni
final
last in a series or coming at the end of something
“the final paragraph”,
“They scored a goal in the final minute.”
ostateczny
final
If a decision, agreement, or answer is final, it will not be changed or discussed any more.
“The committee’s decision is final.”
finał
final
the last part of a competition to decide which person or team will be the winner
“the European Cup Final”,
“The finals will be shown on TV.”
egzaminy końcowe
final
exams taken at the end of a university course
grozić
threaten
to tell someone that you will kill or hurt them, or cause problems for them if they do not do what you want
“He threatened the staff with a gun and demanded money.”,
“He threatened to report her to the police.”
zagrażać
threaten
to be likely to cause harm or damage to something or someone
“His knee problem is threatening his cycling career.”
grozić
threaten
If something bad threatens to happen, it is likely to happen.
“The conflict threatened to spread to neighbouring countries.”
historia, opowieść, bajka
tale
a story, especially one that is not true or is difficult to believe
“My grandfather used to tell us tales of his time as a pilot during the war.”
elita
elite
the richest, most powerful, or best educated group in a society
“a member of the elite”,
“an elite group”
ostatni
last
the most recent
“What was the last film you saw?”,
“It’s rained for the last three days.”
ostatni
last
The last book, house, job, etc is the one before the present one.
“My last house was half this size.”,
“I liked his last book but I’m not so keen on this one.”,
“His last film was a bit of a disappointment.”
ostatni
last
happening or coming at the end
“It’s the last room on the left.”,
“That’s the last programme of the series.”,
“I was the last one to arrive.”,
““How did she get on in her race?” “She was last.””
ostatni
last
only remaining
“Who wants the last piece of cake?”
ostatnia osoba/rzecz itp.
last
the least expected or wanted person or thing
“Three extra people to feed - that’s the last thing I need!”,
“He’s the last person you’d expect to see at an aerobics class.”
na końcu
last
after everything or everyone else
“I wasn’t expecting to win the race but I didn’t think I’d come last!”,
“We’ve still got to check the figures but we’ll do that last.”
ostatnio
last
used to talk about the most recent time you did something
“When did you last see her?”,
“I think it was July when I last spoke to him.”
ostatni
last
a person or thing that comes after all the others
“We were the last to get there.”
resztka czegoś
last
the only part of something that remains
“We’ve just finished the last of the wine.”
poprzedni lub przedostatni dzień/tydzień/rok
last
the day, week, or year before the one that has just finished
wreszcie, w końcu
last
finally
“At last, I’ve found a pair of jeans that actually fit.”
ostatnio
last
used before saying a piece of information about someone that you previously heard
“The last I heard, they were selling their house.”
trwać
last
to continue to happen, exist, or be useful
“How long will the meeting last?”,
“We don’t get much sun - enjoy it while it lasts!”,
“Most sessions last about an hour.”,
“The batteries only last about five hours.”
wystarczyć, przetrwać
last
to be enough for a period of time
“I’ve only got £30 to last me till the end of the month.”,
“We’ve got enough food to last another week.”
wybierać
elect
to choose someone for a particular job or position by voting
“She was elected to the US Senate in 2004.”,
“He was elected president in 2008.”
zdecydować się coś zrobić
elect
to choose to do something
“The child elected to stay with his mother.”
dom
house
a building where people live, usually one family or group
“a three-bedroomed house”,
“We went to my aunt’s house for dinner.”
dom
house
the people who live in a house
“The baby’s screaming woke the whole house up.”
budynek, dom
house
the place where a particular business or activity happens
“an opera house”,
“a publishing house”
izba
house
a group of people that makes a country’s laws, or the place where they meet
“the House of Commons/Representatives”,
“The House voted on the proposals.”
widownia
house
the people watching a performance or the area where they sit
“The actors played to a full house.”
zapewniać mieszkanie, dawać schronienie, mieścić
house
to give a person or animal a place to live
“This development will house over 100 families.”
mieścić
house
to provide space for something
“The museum houses a huge collection of paintings.”
rewolucja
revolution
a change in the way a country is governed, usually to a different political system and often using violence or war
“the French Revolution”
rewolucja
revolution
a very important change in the way people think or do things
“the technological revolution”,
“This discovery caused a revolution in medicine.”
obrót
revolution
one whole circular movement around a central point, for example one whole movement of a wheel
sam
mere
used to emphasize that something is not large or important
“It costs a mere twenty dollars.”,
“The mere thought of (= Just thinking about) eating octopus makes me feel sick.”
najmniejszy, najdrobniejszy
mere
used to emphasize that something is small, often when it has an important effect
“She’s upset by the merest hint of criticism.”
postrzelić, zastrzelić
shoot
to injure or kill a person or animal by firing a bullet from a gun at them
“He was robbed and then shot in the stomach.”,
“An innocent bystander was shot dead in the incident.”
strzelać
shoot
to fire a bullet from a gun
“Don’t shoot!”
strzelać, rzucać
shoot
to try to score points in sports such as football by hitting, kicking, or throwing the ball towards the goal
pędzić/wyskoczyć itp.
shoot
to move somewhere very quickly
“She shot across the road without looking.”
filmować, kręcić
shoot
to use a camera to record a film or take a photograph
“Most of the film was shot in Italy.”
pęd, kiełek
shoot
a new branch or stem growing on a plant
“bamboo shoots”
sesja zdjęciowa
shoot
an occasion when someone takes photographs or makes a film
“a fashion shoot “
walki
fighting
the activity of fighting, usually in a war
“Thousands of civilians were killed in the fighting.”
kino
theater
a building where you go to watch films
się, sobie, siebie, sobą
themselves
the reflexive form of the pronoun ‘they’
“They’re both 16 - they’re old enough to look after themselves.”
sami
themselves
used to emphasize the pronoun ‘they’ or the particular group of people you are referring to
“The staff themselves were unhappy with the decision.”,
“They’ve decided to run the club themselves.”
(całkiem) sami
themselves
alone or without anyone else’s help
“The kids arranged the party all by themselves.”
(tylko) dla siebie
themselves
for their use only
“They had the whole campsite to themselves.”
umiejętność
skill
the ability to do an activity or job well, especially because you have practised it
“You need good communication skills to be a teacher.”
poważnie
seriously
in a serious way
“seriously injured”,
“Smoking can seriously damage your health.”
poważnie
seriously
used to show that what you are going to say is not a joke
“Seriously though, you mustn’t say that.”
traktować kogoś/coś poważnie
seriously
to believe that someone or something is important and that you should pay attention to them
“The police have to take any terrorist threat seriously.”
przechowanie
storage
If things are in storage, they have been put in a safe place until they are needed.
“We had to put our furniture into storage.”
pamięć
storage
the amount of space a computer has for keeping information
zadanie
task
a piece of work, especially something unpleasant or difficult
“I was given the task of sorting out all the stuff in the garage.”
nowy
fresh
new or different from what was there before
“We’re looking for fresh ideas.”,
“They decided to move abroad and make a fresh start.”
świeży
fresh
Fresh food has been produced or collected recently and has not been frozen, dried, etc.
“fresh fruit/vegetables”,
“fresh bread”
świeży
fresh
smelling clean or feeling pleasantly cool
“a fresh breeze”,
“a fresh smell”
świeże powietrze
fresh
air outside buildings that is clean and cool
“Let’s go outside and get some fresh air.”
woda słodka
fresh
water from lakes, rivers, etc that has no salt in it
rześki
fresh
having a lot of energy and not feeling tired
“We got up the next day feeling fresh and relaxed.”
świeży
fresh
Fresh skin looks healthy.
“a fresh complexion”
żywy
fresh
recently made or done and not yet changed by time
“The memory of the accident is still very fresh in my mind.”
prosto skądś
fresh
having just left a place
“The new French teacher’s fresh out of college.”
przynosić
yield
to produce or provide something
“to yield a profit “,
“The investigation yielded some unexpected results.”
ulegać żądaniom /naciskom itp.
yield
to be forced to do something
udzielać lub ustępować pierwszeństwa (przejazdu )
yield
to stop in order to allow other vehicles to go past before you drive onto a bigger road
wydajność
yield
the amount of something that is produced
żeński, kobiecy
female
belonging to or relating to women, or to the sex that can produce eggs or have babies
“a female athlete/employee”,
“a female butterfly/elephant”,
“Is it male or female?”
samica, kobieta
female
a person or animal that belongs to the sex that can produce eggs or have babies
“Our dog’s just had puppies - three males and two females.”
zabić
kill
to make someone or something die
“Sunday’s bomb killed 19 people.”,
“Their son was killed in a road accident.”
ktoś kogoś zabije
kill
used to say that someone will be very angry with someone else
“Dad will kill me for being late.”
zniszczyć, popsuć, zatruć
kill
to stop an activity or experience completely
“His remark killed the conversation.”
dokuczać, zaszkodzić
kill
to cause you a lot of pain or effort
“My feet are killing me.”,
“It wouldn’t kill you to tidy up occasionally.”
zdobycz
kill
an occasion when an animal is killed
szykować się do zadania ostatecznego ciosu
kill
to prepare to defeat someone completely or to kill them
ucho
ear
one of the two organs on your head that you hear with
“The child whispered something in her mother’s ear.”
kłos, kolba
ear
the top part of some crop plants, which produces grain
“an ear of wheat/corn”
mieć do czegoś ucho
ear
to be good at hearing, repeating, or understanding a particular type of sound
“He has no ear for music.”
chcieć
want
to hope to have or do something, or to wish for something
"He wants a new car.", "I don't want to talk about it.", "You can't always do what you want.", "We can go later if you want.", "I want him to explain why."
wymagać, potrzebować
want
to need something
“This soup wants more salt.”
≈ ktoś powinien coś zrobić
want
used to give advice to someone
“You want to go to bed earlier and then you won’t be so tired.”
być wzywanym lub potrzebnym
want
to be needed for a particular activity or in a particular place
“You’re wanted on the phone.”
brak czegoś
want
a situation in which there is not enough of something
“If we fail, it won’t be for want of effort (= it is not because we have not tried).”
dlaczego, czemu
why
used to ask or talk about the reasons for something
“Why didn’t you call me?”,
“I wonder why he didn’t come.”,
“So that’s the reason why he asked her!”
A może byś/by (tak) …?
why
used to make a suggestion
“Why don’t you come with us?”,
“Why not give it a try?”
czemu nie?
why
used to agree with something that someone has suggested
"”Let’s have an ice cream.” “Yes, why not?””
pieniądze
money
the coins or banknotes (= pieces of paper with values) that are used to buy things
“How much money have you got?”,
“It costs a lot of money to buy a house.”,
“He spends all his money on clothess.”,
“The company’s not making (= earning) any money at the moment.”
umysłowy, psychiczny
mental
relating to the mind, or involving the process of thinking
“mental health/illness “,
“a mental disorder/hospital”
albo … albo
either
used when you are giving a choice of two or more things
“Either call me tonight or I’ll speak to you tomorrow.”,
“There’s either mashed, boiled, or baked potatoes.”
każdy, którykolwiek, obojętnie (który)
either
one of two people or things when it is not important which
"”Would you like red or white wine?” - “Oh, either.””,
“Ask Dom or Andrew, either of them will help you.”,
“Do either of you girls want a drink?”
oba, każdy
either
both
“People were smoking on either side (= at both sides) of me.”,
“You can use the train or the bus, either way it’ll take an hour.”
też (nie), ani
either
used in negative sentences to mean that something else is also true
“The menu is boring and it’s not cheap either.”,
“I don’t eat meat and Sam doesn’t either.”
często
often
many times or regularly
“I often see her there.”,
“He said I could visit as often as I liked.”,
“How often (= How many times) do you go to the gym?”,
“I don’t see her very often.”
często
often
If something often happens or is often true, it is normal for it to happen or it is usually true.
“Headaches are often caused by stress.”,
“Brothers and sisters often argue.”,
“December is often mild.”
gotowy
ready
prepared for doing something
“Give me a call when you’re ready.”,
“Are you ready to go yet?”,
“We’re going at eight, so you’ve got an hour to get ready.”,
“The army was ready for action.”
gotowy
ready
prepared and available to be eaten, drunk, used, etc
“Is dinner ready?”,
“They’re building new offices, but they won’t be ready till next year.”,
“When will the book be ready for publication?”
być gotowym coś zrobić
ready
to be willing to do something
“We are ready to die for our country.”
-
labor
US spelling of labour
wojna
war
fighting, using soldiers and weapons, between two or more countries, or two or more groups inside a country
“They’ve been at war for the past five years.”,
“He was only a child when the war broke out (= started).”,
“If this country goes to war (= starts to fight in a war), thousands of people will die.”
wojna
war
a situation in which two or more groups are trying to be more successful than each other
“a price war between supermarkets”
walka
war
an attempt to stop something bad or illegal
“the war against crime/drugs”
sprawdzian, egzamin, test
testing
a set of questions to measure someone’s knowledge or ability
“a driving test”,
“You have to take a test.”,
“Only two students in the class failed the test.”,
“Did you pass the biology test?”
badanie, test
testing
a short medical examination of part of your body
“an eye test”,
“a pregnancy test”
próba, test
testing
something that you do to discover if something is safe, works correctly, etc
“a safety test”
sprawdzian
testing
a situation that shows how good something is
“This will be a real test of his ability.”
testować
testing
to do something in order to discover if something is safe, works correctly, etc
“None of our products are tested on animals.”
badać, testować
testing
to do a medical examination of part of someone’s body
“I’m going to get my hearing tested.”
sprawdzać, testować, egzaminować
testing
to give someone a set of questions, in order to measure their knowledge or ability
“an exam designed to test writing skills”,
“You’ll be tested on all the things we’ve studied this term.”
wystawiać na próbę
testing
If a situation tests someone, it proves how good, strong, etc they are.
jakkolwiek lub nieważne jak zimno/trudno/wolno itp.
however
used to say that it does not make any difference how cold/difficult/slowly, etc something is or happens
“We’re not going to get there in time, however fast we drive.”
jednak, jednakże
however
used when you are about to say something that is surprising compared with what you have just said
“He had always been a successful businessman. Recently, however, things have not been going well for him.”
jak
however
used to ask about how something happened when the person asking feels surprised
“However did you manage to persuade her?”
jakkolwiek
however
in any way
“However you look at it, it’s still a mess.”,
“You can do it however you like.”
las
forest
a large area of trees growing closely together
“pine forest”
sprawiedliwość
justice
behaviour or treatment that is fair and morally correct
“She tried to bring about fairness and justice for all.”
wymiar sprawiedliwości
justice
the system of laws that judges or punishes people
“the criminal justice system “
sędzia
justice
someone who judges in a court of law
wymierzyć komuś sprawiedliwość, uczynić zadość sprawiedliwości
justice
to catch a criminal and decide if they are guilty or not
oddawać komuś/czemuś sprawiedliwość, oddawać (w pełni ) urodę kogoś/czegoś
justice
to show the best or real qualities of something or someone
“This postcard doesn’t do justice to the wonderful scenery.”
dziecko, dzieciak
kid
a child or young person
“school kids”
koźlę
kid
a young goat
żartować, nabierać
kid
to make a joke, or to trick someone with a joke
oszukiwać, nabierać
kid
to deceive or trick someone into believing something
“You’ve got to stop kidding yourself. She’s not coming back.”
(dla) homoseksualistów , gejowski, ≈ gej
gay
homosexual
“Have you told your parents you’re gay yet?”,
“a gay bar/club”
radosny
gay
very happy and enjoying yourself
gej, homoseksualista
gay
someone who is homosexual, especially a man
“equal rights for gays and lesbians”
dziwny
strange
If something is strange, it is surprising because it is unusual or unexpected.
“It’s strange that she hasn’t called.”,
“It’s midnight and he’s still at work - that’s strange.”,
“What a strange-looking man.”
obcy
strange
A strange person or place is one that you are not familiar with.
“I was stuck in a strange town with no money.”
gospodarka
economy
the system by which a country produces and uses goods and money
“the German/US economy”,
“a global economy”
oszczędność
economy
a situation in which someone or something does not use much money, fuel, etc
“The car’s design combines comfort with economy.”,
“We’ll need to make some economies when I stop work.”
wybór, selekcja
selection
the act of choosing someone or something
“the selection process “
wybór
selection
a group of people or things that has been chosen
“We have a wide selection of imported furniture.”
jedzenie, żywność, pożywienie
food
something that people and animals eat, or plants absorb, to keep them alive
“baby/dog food “,
“His favourite food is pizza.”
proszę Pana
sir
You call a man ‘sir’ when you are speaking to him politely.
“Excuse me, sir, is this seat taken?”
(Szanowny) Panie
sir
You write ‘Sir’ at the beginning of a formal letter to a man when you do not know his name.
“Dear Sir, I am writing to…”
Sir
sir
a title used in the UK before the name of a man who has been officially respected or who has a high social rank
“Sir Cliff Richard”
prezydent
president
the highest political position in some countries, usually the leader of the government
“to be elected president”,
“President Obama”
prezes
president
the person in charge of a company or organization
pytanie
question
a sentence or phrase that asks you for information
“Is it OK if I ask you a few questions?”,
“He refused to answer my question.”,
“If you have any questions about the scheme, do ask me.”,
““So where’s the money coming from?” “That’s a good question” (= I do not know).”
kwestia
question
a situation or problem that needs to be considered
“This documentary raises important questions about the American legal system.”,
“Two important questions arise from this debate.”
wątpliwość
question
doubt
“There is no question that this was an accidental fire.”,
“His ability as a chef has never been in question.”,
““So you agree she’s the right person for the job.” “Yes, absolutely, without question.””,
“The report brings/calls into question (= causes doubts about) the safety of this drug.”
ktoś / coś , o którym mowa, ten ktoś /to coś
question
the person or thing that is being discussed
“He claims that he was at home with his girlfriend on the night in question.”
nie wchodzić w rachubę , być wykluczonym
question
If something is out of the question, it is not possible or not allowed.
pytać, przesłuchiwać
question
to ask someone questions
“Detectives were questioning a boy about the murder.”,
“Two out of three people questioned in the survey were non-smokers.”
kwestionować
question
to show or feel doubt about something
“I’m not for a moment questioning your decision.”,
“I’m just questioning whether we need the extra staff.”
radio
radio
a piece of equipment used for listening to radio broadcasts
“a car radio”
radio
radio
the programmes that you hear when you listen to the radio
“We heard him speaking on the radio this morning.”,
“I listen to the radio in the evening.”
radio
radio
a system of sending and receiving sound through the air
“local radio “,
“a radio station “
radio
radio
a piece of equipment for sending and receiving messages by sound
łączyć się lub nadawać drogą radiową
radio
to send a message to someone by radio
“They radioed for help.”
król
king
a male ruler in some countries
“King Richard II”,
“the kings and queens of England”
król
king
the best or most important person in a particular activity
“He’s the new king of pop music.”
król
king
a playing card with a picture of a king on it
“the king of spades”
pobierać się, żenić się, wychodzić za mąż
marry
to begin a legal relationship with someone as their husband or wife
“Will you marry me? “,
“He never married.”
udzielać ślubu
marry
to officially make people become a husband and a wife in a ceremony
“We were married by our local vicar.”
wolny
free
able to live, happen, or exist without being controlled by anyone or anything
“free trade”,
“a free society”,
“People should be free to say what they think.”
bezpłatny
free
not costing any money
“a free sample of perfume”,
“Entry is free for children under 12.”,
“Children get into the museum free of charge.”
wolny
free
not in prison or in a cage
“He opened the cage and set the birds free.”
wolny
free
not busy doing anything
“Are you free this evening?”,
“I don’t have much free time.”
wolny
free
not being used by anyone
“Is this seat free?”
wolny
free
If an element is free, it is not combined with anything else or attached to anything else.
wolny od czegoś
free
not containing or having anything harmful or unpleasant
“a life free from pain”
bezpłatnie, za darmo
free
without cost or payment
“Children under five travel free.”,
“He offered to do it for free.”
swobodnie, wolno
free
in a way that is not tied, limited, or controlled
“She broke free from his grasp and ran away.”
uwolnić
free
to allow someone to leave a prison or place where they have been kept
“The last hostages were finally freed yesterday.”
wyswobodzić
free
to get someone out of a situation or place that they cannot escape from
“Firefighters worked for two hours to free the driver from the wreckage.”
uwolnić
free
to help someone by taking something unpleasant away from them
“The book’s success freed her from her financial worries.”
wygospodarować, zwolnić
free
to make something available for someone to use
“I need to free up some space for these files.”
bez, bez-
free
used at the end of words to mean ‘without’ or ‘not containing’
“sugarfree gum”,
“an interest-free loan”
dziwny
odd
strange or unusual
“I always thought there was something odd about her.”,
“It’s a bit odd that he didn’t come.”
okazjonalny, różny
odd
not happening often
“He does odd jobs here and there.”
nie do pary
odd
being one of a pair when the other item is missing
“an odd sock “
kilka, parę
odd
used after a number to mean approximately
“There are thirty odd kids in the class.”
nieparzysty
odd
An odd number does not produce a whole number when it is divided by two.
wymiar, aspekt
dimension
a particular part of a situation, especially something that affects how you think or feel
“Music has added a new dimension to my life.”
wymiar, rozmiar
dimension
a measurement of the length, width, or height of something
“We need to know the exact dimensions (= size) of the room.”
prowadzić
lead
to show someone where to go, usually by taking them to a place or by going in front of them
“She led them down the hall.”,
“We followed a path that led us up the mountain.”,
“You lead and we’ll follow.”,
“I’ll lead the way (= go first to show the route).”
prowadzić gdzieś
lead
If a path or road leads somewhere, it goes there.
“That path leads to the beach.”
prowadzić (z)
lead
to be winning a game
“They were leading by 11 points at half-time.”,
“The Lions lead the Hawks 28-9.”
przewodzić
lead
to be better than anyone else
“I still believe that we lead the world in acting talent.”
kierować, prowadzić
lead
to be in control of a group, country, or situation
“to lead a discussion”,
“Is this man really capable of leading the country?”,
“Casillas led his team to victory.”
skłaniać kogoś do czegoś , dawać komuś coś do zrozumienia
lead
to make someone do or think something
“What led you to think that?”,
“I was led to believe that breakfast was included.”
prowadzić aktywne/normalne/spokojne itp. życie
lead
to live in a particular way
“He was able to lead a normal life despite his illness.”
pozwolić komuś wyciągnąć wniosek
lead
to make you think that something is probably true
“So you thought I was leaving, did you? What led you to that conclusion?”
prowadzenie, przywództwo
lead
a winning position during a race or other situation where people are competing
“She’s in the lead (= winning).”,
“France has just taken the lead (= started to win).”,
“a three-goal lead”
główna rola
lead
the main person in a film or play
“She plays the lead in both movies.”
smycz
lead
a chain or piece of leather fixed to a dog’s collar so that it can be controlled
“Dogs must be kept on a lead at all times.”
przewód, kabel
lead
the wire that connects a piece of electrical equipment to the electricity supply
trop, wskazówka
lead
information about a crime that police are trying to solve
“Police are chasing up a new lead.”
główny
lead
The lead performer or lead part in a performance is the main performer or part.
“the lead singer “,
“Who played the lead role?”
ołów
lead
a soft, heavy, grey, poisonous metal used for roofs, pipes, etc (formula Pb)
“a lead pipe”,
“lead-free petrol/gasoline”
rysik
lead
the black part inside a pencil
spór
dispute
a disagreement, especially one that lasts a long time
“A man stabbed his neighbour in a dispute over noise.”
kwestionować, poddawać pod dyskusję
dispute
to disagree with something someone says
“I’m not disputing that the drug has benefits.”
naczelny
Supreme
of the highest rank or greatest importance
“the supreme ruler “
najwyższy
Supreme
very great
“supreme confidence/effort “
założyciel/ka
founder
someone who establishes an organization
sporadyczny
occasionally
not happening often
“He still plays the occasional game of football.”
zasadniczo
essentially
used when you are emphasizing the basic facts about something
“What he is saying is essentially true.”
skandal
scandal
something that shocks people because they think it is morally wrong
“a sex scandal “,
“His speech caused a scandal.”
