Deck 15 Flashcards
wprowadzać
introduce
to make something exist, happen, or be used for the first time
“CD players were first introduced in 1983.”,
“We have introduced a new training schedule for employees.”
przedstawiać
introduce
to tell someone another person’s name the first time that they meet
“He took me round the room and introduced me to everyone.”,
“Emma introduced herself and they shook hands.”
przedstawiać, zapowiadać
introduce
to tell an audience who is going to speak to them or perform for them
“I’d like to introduce Rachel Elliott who is our speaker this evening.”
zgubić
lose
to not be able to find someone or something
“I’ve lost my passport.”,
“She’s always losing her car keys.”
stracić
lose
to stop having someone or something that you had before
“She lost a leg in a car accident.”,
“I hope he doesn’t lose his job.”,
“He lost his mother (= his mother died) last year.”
stracić
lose
to have less of something than you had before
“She’s lost a lot of weight.”,
“He’s losing his hair.”,
“to lose your memory”
przegrać
lose
If you lose a game, competition, or election, the team or person that you are competing with wins.
“Chelsea lost by a goal.”,
“They’re losing 3-1.”,
“They hadn’t lost an election in 15 years.”
stracić wiarę/zainteresowanie/cierpliwość itp.
lose
to stop feeling something good
“I’m rapidly losing interest in the whole subject.”,
“He kept on crying and I lost my patience.”,
“I’ve lost faith in doctors.”
tracić
lose
If you lose a number of hours or days, you cannot work during this time.
“Four million hours were lost last year through stress-related illnesses.”
spóźniać się
lose
If a clock loses time, it goes slower than it should.
“My watch loses ten minutes every day.”
namieszać, zdezorientować
lose
to confuse someone so that they do not understand something
“No, you’ve lost me there - can you explain that again?”
wyrzucić
lose
to take something away, usually because it looks bad.
“Lose the belt, Andrea, it looks ridiculous with that dress.”
stracić równowagę
lose
to fall because you are leaning too much to one side
stracić rachubę
lose
to forget the exact number
“I’ve lost count of how many times I’ve called her.”
stracić życie
lose
to die
“Millions of young men lost their lives in the war.”
chmura
cloud
a white or grey mass that floats in the sky, made of small water drops
“rain/storm clouds”,
“The entire region is covered in thick cloud.”
chmura
cloud
a mass of gas or very small pieces of something floating in the air
“a cloud of dust/smoke”
zaciemniać
cloud
to make someone confused, or make something harder to understand
“to cloud someone’s judgment/vision “
zmącić (się)
cloud
If something transparent clouds, it becomes hard to see through, and if something clouds it, it makes it hard to see through.
tkanka
tissue
the material that animals and plants are made of
“human brain tissue”
chusteczka (jednorazowa lub higieniczna )
tissue
a soft piece of paper that you use for cleaning your nose
bibułka
tissue
soft, thin paper that you cover things with in order to protect them
zwiększać (się), wzrastać
increase
to get bigger or to make something bigger in size or amount
“Eating fatty food increases the risk of heart disease.”,
“Exports of computers have increased by 15% since January.”,
“increased demand/competition”,
“Her anxieties are shared by an increasing number of women.”
wzrost
increase
a rise in the number, size, or amount of something
“a price/tax increase”,
“We are seeing an increase in standards of living.”
rosnący
increase
If something is on the increase, it is happening more often.
“Violent crime is on the increase.”
koszt
expense
the money that you spend on something
“You have to pay your own medical expenses.”,
“He eventually found her the car she wanted, at great expense (= it cost him a lot of money).”
kosztem czegoś
expense
If you do one thing at the expense of another, doing the first thing harms the second thing.
“He spent a lot of time at work, at the expense of his marriage.”
na czyjś kosztczyimś kosztem
expense
If you do something at someone’s expense, they pay for it.in order to make someone look stupid
“We went on holiday at my father’s expense.”,
“Stop making jokes at my expense.”
okazja, raz
occasion
a time when something happens
“a previous/separate occasion”,
“We met on several occasions to discuss the issue.”
okazja
occasion
an important event or ceremony
“a special occasion “,
“She bought a new dress for the occasion.”
sporadycznie, czasami, czasem
occasion
sometimes, but not often
“I only drink alcohol on occasion.”
oznaka, znak
indication
a sign showing that something exists or is likely to be true
“There are strong indications that the case will be referred to the Court of Appeal.”
oznaka, znak
indication
a sign showing what someone means or what they intend to do
“Helen’s face gave no indication of what she was thinking.”
lista, spis
list
a series of names, numbers, or items that are written one below the other
“a shopping list “,
“Is your name on the list?”,
“Make a list of everything you need.”
wymieniać, wyliczać
list
to make a list, or to include something in a list
“The directory lists only small businesses.”,
“All participants’ names are listed alphabetically.”
cichy, bezgłośny
silent
without any sound
“The building was dark and silent.”,
“At last the guns fell silent.”
małomówny
silent
without talking
“He remains silent about his plans.”
niemy
silent
If a letter in a word is silent, it is not pronounced.
“The ‘p’ in ‘receipt’ is silent.”
trwały
permanent
continuing forever or for a long time
“permanent damage”,
“a permanent job”
list
letter
a written message that you send to someone, usually by post
“I got a letter from Paul this morning.”
litera
letter
a symbol that is used in written language and that represents a sound in that language
“the letter K”
wyjątkowy
extraordinary
very special, unusual, or strange
“an extraordinary tale of courage”,
“She was an extraordinary young woman.”,
“How extraordinary that you should be here too!”
zły, rozgniewany
angry
having a strong feeling against someone who has behaved badly, making you want to shout at them or hurt them
“He’s really angry at/with me for upsetting Sophie.”,
“I don’t understand what he’s angry about.”
wzmacniać (się)
strengthen
to become stronger or make something become stronger
“exercises to strengthen the leg muscles”
strategia
strategy
a plan that you use to achieve something
“an economic strategy “,
“a long-term strategy “
strategia
strategy
the act of planning how to achieve something
“a military strategy “
farba
paint
a coloured liquid that you put on a surface to decorate it
“a gallon of blue paint”,
“The door needs another coat (= layer) of paint.”
malować, pomalować
paint
to cover a surface with paint in order to decorate it
“We’ve painted the kitchen yellow.”
malować
paint
to produce a picture of something or someone using paint
“I learned to paint in Italy.”,
“These pictures were all painted by local artists.”
liga
league
a group of teams that compete against each other in a sport
“top/bottom of the league”,
“major/minor league baseball “,
“Who won the league championship this year?”
być w zmowie z kimś
league
to be secretly working or planning something with someone, usually to do something bad
nie dorównywać komuś/czemuś
league
to not be as good as someone or something
“It’s a nice enough restaurant but it’s not in the same league as Rossi’s.”
organizacja
organization
an official group of people who work together for the same purpose
“a charitable/voluntary organization “
organizacja
organization
the way that parts of something are arranged
“Better organization of the office would improve efficiency.”
organizacja
organization
the planning of an activity or event
“Who was responsible for the organization of the conference?”
na, za
per
for each
“Our hotel room costs $60 per night.”,
“The speed limit is 100 kilometres per hour.”,
“The wedding dinner will cost £30 per head (= for each person).”
brak czegoś
lack
not having something, or not having enough of something
“a lack of food/money”,
“a lack of facilities for young people”
nie mieć, ≈ brakować komuś czegoś
lack
to not have something, or not have enough of something
“She really lacks confidence.”
≈ brakować czegoś
lack
If something that you need is lacking, you do not have enough of it.
“Enthusiasm has been sadly lacking these past few months at work.”
≈ brakować komuś czegoś
lack
to not have a quality
“He’s totally lacking in charm of any sort.”
gest
gesture
a movement you make with your hand, arm, or head to express what you are thinking or feeling
“He made a rude gesture at the crowd.”
gest
gesture
something you do to show people how you feel about a person or situation
“It would be a nice gesture to invite her to dinner.”
wskazywać, dawać lub uczynić znak
gesture
to point at something or express something using your hand, arm, or head
“He gestured towards the window.”
w związku z
regarding
about or relating to
“I am writing to you regarding your application dated 29 April.”
negocjować
negotiate
to try to make or change an agreement by discussion
“to negotiate with employers about working conditions”
przebyć, pokonywać
negotiate
to successfully move around, through, or past something
“to negotiate your way around/through a city”
jasny, wyraźny
clear
easy to understand
“clear instructions”
wyraźny
clear
easy to hear, read, or see
“These photos are very clear.”,
“Can we make the sound any clearer?”
wyraźny, jednoznaczny
clear
not possible to doubt
“The evidence against him was clear.”,
“It was clear that Leif was angry.”,
“Ella made it clear that she didn’t like James.”
pewny, jasny
clear
certain about something
“Are you clear about how to get there?”,
“I’m not very clear why she phoned.”
pusty
clear
not covered or blocked by anything
“a clear road”,
“a clear desk”
czysty
clear
A clear sky does not have any clouds.
czysty
clear
easy to see through
“clear water”,
“clear glass”
opróżniać
clear
to remove all the objects or people from a place
“to clear a room/shelf”,
“Police cleared the building because of a bomb threat.”
przejaśniać się
clear
If the sky or weather clears, the clouds and rain disappear.
oczyścić z zarzutów
clear
to prove that someone is not guilty of something that they were accused of
“The jury cleared him of murder.”
zostać rozliczonym
clear
If a cheque (= printed paper used to pay for things) clears, the money goes from one person’s bank account to another person’s bank account.
pokonać
clear
to jump over something without touching it
“The horse easily cleared the fence.”
uzyskać lub dać pozwolenie
clear
to give or get permission to do something
“The plane is cleared for take-off.”,
“You have to clear it with the headteacher if you want a day off school.”
z dala
clear
away from something so that you are not touching it
“Stand clear of the doors, please.”
niewinnyna prostej , na plusie
clear
not responsible for a mistake or crimenot in a difficult situation or having problems any more
“We have had money problems but we should be in the clear by next year.”
proces
lawsuit
a legal complaint against someone that does not usually involve the police
“The tenants have filed a lawsuit against their landlord.”
osobisty
personal
relating to or belonging to a particular person
“I can only speak from my own personal experience. “,
“Please ensure you take all personal belongings with you when you leave the train.”,
“This is a personal view and not that of the government.”
prywatny, osobisty
personal
relating to the private parts of someone’s life, including their relationships and feelings
“He’s got a few personal problems at the moment.”,
“She prefers to keep her personal and professional lives separate.”
osobisty, indywidualny
personal
designed for or used by one person
“a personal computer/tutor”,
“a personal loan/pension”
napastliwy
personal
rude about or offensive towards someone
“I know you’re upset, but there’s no need to get personal (= start making offensive remarks).”
osobisty
personal
relating to your body
“personal hygiene “
dzieciństwo
childhood
the part of your life when you are a child
kobieta
woman
an adult female person
“a 30-year-old woman”,
“There were two women at the bus stop.”
dyskusja
discussion
a conversation in which people talk about something and tell each other their ideas or opinions
“They were having a discussion about football.”,
“Several ideas are still under discussion (= being discussed).”
mężczyzna
man
an adult male human
“a young/tall man”,
“men and women”
człowiek
man
used to refer to both men and women
“Man is still more intelligent than the cleverest robot.”
obsadzać, obsługiwać
man
to be present somewhere, especially in order to operate a machine
“The emergency room is manned 24 hours a day.”
być gotowym lub skłonnym do czegoś
willing
to be happy to do something, if you need to
“He’s willing to pay a lot of money for that house.”
chętny, ochoczy
willing
wanting to do something
“He is a very willing assistant.”
osobiście
personally
done by you and not someone else
“I’d like to personally apologize for the delay.”
jeśli o mnie chodzi
personally
used when you are going to give your opinion
“Personally, I’d rather stay at home and watch TV.”
brać coś do siebie
personally
to think that someone is criticizing you when they are not
“You mustn’t take everything so personally.”
spadek, obniżenie
decline
a situation in which something becomes less in amount, importance, quality, or strength
“a steady decline in sales/standards”
nie przyjmować, odmawiać
decline
If you decline something, you refuse it politely.
“She declined his offer of a lift.”,
“He declined to comment.”
zmniejszać się, obniżać się
decline
to become less in amount, importance, quality, or strength
“Sales of records have declined steadily.”
prawie nie, ledwie, ledwo
hardly
almost not, or only a very small amount
“I was so tired that I could hardly walk.”,
“We’ve hardly ever spoken to each other.”,
“There’s hardly any food left in the fridge.”
raczej nie
hardly
used to emphasize that you think something is not likely, true, possible, etc
“I hardly think she’ll want to talk to me now that I have a new girlfriend.”
grać (w/z)
play
to take part in a sport or game
“You play tennis, don’t you Sam?”,
“We often used to play cards.”,
“I used to play netball for my school.”,
“I’m playing Tony (= playing against Tony) at squash tonight.”,
“Two of the team weren’t playing because they were injured.”,
“Barcelona are playing against Real Madrid tonight.”
bawić się (w)
play
If children play, they enjoy themselves with toys and games.
“She likes playing with her dolls.”,
“Emma won’t play with me.”
grać (na)
play
to make music with a musical instrument
“Tim was playing the piano.”
grać, nadawać, odtwarzać
play
If a radio, record, etc plays, it produces sounds, or if you play a radio, record, etc you make it produce sounds.
“A radio was playing in the background.”,
“He plays his records late into the night.”
grać
play
to be a character in a film or play
“Morgan played the father in the film version.”
zrobić komuś dowcip/kawał
play
to deceive someone as a joke
“I played a trick on her and pretended we’d eaten all the food.”
sztuka
play
a story that is written for actors to perform, usually in a theatre
“We saw a play at the National Theatre.”,
“Most schools usually put on a play (= perform a play) at Christmas.”
gra
play
the activity of taking part in a sport or a game
“The West Indies were in the lead when rain stopped play.”
zabawa
play
the activity of enjoying yourself with toys and games
“a play area “
wyobrażać sobie
imagine
to create an idea or picture of something in your mind
“Imagine being able to travel in space.”,
“You can imagine how pleased I was when the letter arrived.”
wyobrażać sobie
imagine
to believe that something is probably true
“I imagine he must be under a lot of pressure at the moment.”
≈ zdawać się, wydawać się
imagine
to think that you hear or see something that does not really exist
“I can’t hear anything - you must be imagining it.”
rozwijać (się)
developing
to grow or change and become more advanced, or to make someone or something do this
“The baby develops inside the mother for nine months.”,
“She’s taking a course to develop her computer skills.”,
“He’s developing into a very good tennis player.”
opracowywać
developing
to make something new such as a product
“Scientists are developing new drugs all the time.”
nabywać, ≈ pojawiać się
developing
to start to have something, such as an illness, problem, or feeling
“Shortly after take-off the plane developed engine trouble.”,
“He’s recently developed an interest in football.”
pojawiać się
developing
to start to happen or exist
“Further problems may develop if you do not deal with this now.”
wywoływać
developing
to use special chemicals on a piece of film to make photographs appear
“I need to get my holiday photos developed.”
zagospodarować
developing
to build houses, factories, shops, etc on a piece of land
papieros
cigarette
a thin tube of paper filled with tobacco, that people smoke
znosić
bear
to accept someone or something unpleasant
“She couldn’t bear the thought of him suffering.”,
“I like her, but I can’t bear her friends.”,
“How can you bear to watch?”,
“The pain was too much to bear.”
wykazywać podobieństwo do kogoś/czegoś /związek z kimś/czymś itp.
bear
to be similar to someone or something
“He bears a striking resemblance to his father.”
nieść
bear
to carry something
“He came in, bearing a tray of drinks.”
wytrzymać, podtrzymywać
bear
to support the weight of something
“I don’t think that chair will bear his weight.”
ponosić odpowiedzialność/koszty
bear
to accept that you are responsible for something, you should pay for something, etc
“He must bear some responsibility for the appalling conditions in the prison.”
nosić (= urazę)
bear
to continue to have a bad feeling towards someone
“They were rude to her in the past, but she’s not the kind of woman who bears grudges (= continues to be angry).”
rodzić
bear
to give birth to a child
“She has been told that she will never bear children.”
nosić
bear
to have or show a particular name, picture, or symbol
“The shop bore his family name.”
skręcać w lewo/prawo
bear
to turn left or right
“Bear right at the next set of traffic lights.”
niedźwiedź
bear
a large, strong, wild animal with thick fur
zegar
clock
a piece of equipment that shows you what time it is, usually in a house or on a building
“She could hear the hall clock ticking.”
licznik
clock
a piece of equipment in a vehicle for measuring how far it has travelled
“The car has 63,000 kilometres on the clock. “
24 godziny na dobę
clock
all day and all night
“Rescue teams are working round the clock to search for survivors of the earthquake.”
walczyć z czasem
clock
to do something as fast as you can in order to finish before a particular time
gra
game
an entertaining activity or sport that people play, usually needing some skill and played according to rules
“a computer game “,
“Football’s an exciting game.”,
“Hockey can be quite a rough game.”,
“Do you want to play a different game?”
mecz, partia
game
a particular occasion when people play a game
“Would you like a game of chess?”,
“Who won yesterday’s game?”
wuef, wychowanie fizyczne
game
organized sports that children do at school
“I always hated games at school.”,
“a games teacher”
igrzyska Europy/WspólnotyNarodów itp.
game
a special event where there are lots of competitions for different sports
plan
game
a secret plan
“What’s your game?”
zwierzyna (łowna )
game
wild animals and birds that are hunted for food or sport
chętny, gotowy
game
willing to do new things, or things that involve a risk
“She’s game for anything.”
alkohol
alcohol
drinks such as wine and beer that can make you drunk
alkohol
alcohol
a liquid that has no colour and is in drinks that make you drunk
