Deck 21 Flashcards
powinien coś zrobić
ought
used to say or ask what is the correct or best thing to do
“We ought to tidy up before we go.”,
“You ought to see a doctor.”,
“He ought to have told her the truth.”,
“Ought I to phone her?”
powinien być/ zrobić coś
ought
used to say that you expect something to be true or that you expect something to happen
“She ought to be home by seven.”,
“He ought to pass the exam this time.”
fortuna
fortune
a lot of money
“She made a fortune selling her story to the newspapers.”,
“Nick’s new car must have cost a fortune!”
los, fortuna
fortune
the good or bad things that happen to you
“The family’s fortunes changed almost overnight.”
kran
tap
the part at the end of a pipe that controls the flow of water
“the cold/hot tap “,
“to turn a tap on/off “,
“She rinsed the cup under the tap.”
stuknięcie, klepnięcie, stuk
tap
a gentle knock or touch, or the noise made by knocking something gently
“I felt a tap on my shoulder.”,
“There was a tap at the door.”
podsłuch
tap
a small piece of equipment that can be fixed to someone’s telephone in order to listen to their telephone calls
dostępny, pod ręką
tap
easily available
“They have all that sort of information on tap.”
stukać, klepać
tap
to knock or touch something gently
“She tapped her fingers nervously on the table.”,
“I tapped on the window to try and get her attention.”
eksploatować, wykorzystywać
tap
If you tap a supply of something, you use what is available.
“There are immense natural resources here waiting to be tapped.”
podsłuchiwać, zakładać podsłuch w lub na
tap
to use a special piece of equipment to listen to someone’s telephone calls
“I think the phone’s been tapped.”
chociaż
though
used to introduce a fact or opinion that makes the other part of the sentence seem surprising
“And though she’s quite small, she’s very strong.”,
“Nina didn’t phone, even though she said she would.”
ale
though
but
“They’re coming next week, though I don’t know when.”,
“The restaurant serves good, though extremely expensive, food.”
ale
though
used to add a new fact or opinion that changes what you have just said
“Okay, I’ll come to the party - I’m not staying late though.”
powietrze
air
the mixture of gases around the Earth that we breathe
“air pollution”,
“He went outside to get some fresh air (= clean, cool air).”
powietrze
air
the space above and around things
“He fired his gun into the air.”
samolot, lot
air
travel in an aircraft
“I like travelling by air.”,
“air safety”
otoczka, wygląd
air
a particular appearance or quality
“He has an air of authority.”
być na antenie
air
to be broadcasting on television or radio
nadawać
air
to broadcast something on radio or television
wyrażać poglądy
air
to say what your opinions are
“The meeting will give everyone a chance to air their views.”
wietrzyć, przewietrzyć
air
to make a room smell better by opening a door or window
wietrzyć (się)
air
If clothes air, or if you air them, you hang them up with a lot of air around them.
obecność
presence
the fact of being in a place
“I didn’t notice her presence.”,
“She signed the document in the presence of two witnesses.”
obecność
presence
a group of police or soldiers who are watching or controlling a situation
“a strong police presence “
osobowość, prezencja
presence
a quality that makes people notice and admire you
przytomność umysłu
presence
the ability to deal with a difficult situation quickly and effectively
“She had the presence of mind to press the alarm.”
zaznaczyć swoją obecność
presence
to have a strong effect on other people
“The new police chief has really made his presence felt.”
torba, worek
bag
a container made of paper, plastic, etc, used for carrying things
“a paper/plastic bag”,
“He packed his bags and left.”
torebka
bag
a bag with handles in which a woman carries her money, keys, etc
torebka, worek
bag
the amount a bag contains
“It doesn’t weigh more than a couple of bags of sugar.”
mnóstwo czegoś
bag
a large amount of something
“There’s bags of room.”
worki (pod oczami )
bag
Bags under your eyes are areas of loose or dark skin.
złapać
bag
to get something, especially before other people have a chance to take it
“Bag us some decent seats.”
postawić na swoim
assert
to behave or speak in a strong, confident way
“She has to learn to assert herself.”
demonstrować swój autorytet/swoją władzę /swoją niezależność
assert
to do something to show other people that you have power
twierdzić, zapewniać
assert
to say that something is certainly true
“He asserts that she stole money from him.”
brązowy
brown
being the same colour as chocolate or soil
“a brown leather bag”,
“dark brown hair/eyes”
brązowy
brown
having darker skin because you have been in the sun
“You’re really brown - you must have had good weather.”
demokrata
Democrat
someone who supports democracy
Demokrata
Democrat
someone who supports the Democratic Party in the US
“the Democrat candidate”
podział
division
the separation of something into parts or groups, or the way that it is separated
“the equal division of labour among workers”
dział, oddział, wydział
division
one of the groups in a business or organization
“the sales division”
rozłam, podział
division
disagreement between people about something
“a division over the issue of free medical care”
dzielenie
division
calculations of how many times one number goes into another number
rozdawać, rozprowadzać
distribute
to give something out to people or places
“The books will be distributed free to local schools.”
rozprowadzać
distribute
to supply goods to shops and companies
“The company manufactures and distributes computer equipment worldwide.”
obwiniać, winić
blame
to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad that has happened
“Many people blame him for Tony’s death.”,
“Poor housing is to blame for many of their health problems.”,
“They apologized for the delay and blamed it on technical problems.”
wcale się nie dziwię
blame
used to say that you understand and accept the reason for what someone is doing
"”I think I’ll go home early.” “I don’t blame you - you look really tired.””
wina
blame
responsibility for something bad
“The manager should take the blame for the team’s defeat.”,
“They put the blame on faulty equipment.”
piasek
sand
a substance that is found on beaches and in deserts, which is made from very small grains of rock
“a grain of sand”
wygładzać lub szlifować (papierem ściernym )
sand
to make wood smooth by rubbing it with sandpaper (= strong paper with a rough surface)
zrozumienie, wgląd
insight
the ability to understand what something is really like, or an example of this
“The book provides a fascinating insight into the world of art.”
cel
purpose
why you do something or why something exists
“The main purpose of the meeting is to discuss the future of the company.”,
“The drug may be legalized for medical purposes.”
determinacja, zdecydowanie
purpose
the feeling of knowing what you want to do
“He seems to have lost all sense of purpose.”
celowo
purpose
intentionally
“I didn’t do it on purpose, it was an accident.”
spełniać rolę
purpose
to have a use
“These small village shops serve a very useful purpose.”
panel, płycina
panel
a flat, rectangular piece of wood, metal, etc that forms the surface of a door, wall, etc
panel, zespół
panel
a group of people who are chosen to discuss something or make a decision about something
“a panel of experts”
tablica (przyrządów )
panel
the part of a car, aircraft, etc that the controls are fixed to
miliard, Forma ta – pierwotnie amerykańska – rozszerzyła się na wiele krajów. Również w języku polskim spotyka się coraz częściej słowo bilion w znaczeniu “tysiąc milionów”
billion
the number 1,000,000,000
początkowo
originally
at the beginning or before any changes
“Despite the accident, she intends to complete her tour as originally planned.”,
“The bathroom was originally a bedroom.”
wpatrywać się w
gaze
to look for a long time at someone or something or in a particular direction
“They gazed into each other’s eyes.”
realizować, dążyć do
pursue
If you pursue a plan, activity, or situation, you try to do it or achieve it, usually over a long period of time.
“She decided to pursue a career in television.”
ścigać
pursue
to follow someone or something, usually to try to catch them
“The car was pursued by helicopters.”
zajmować się sprawą
pursue
to try to discover information about something
“We will not be pursuing this matter any further.”
kopać
dig
to break or move the ground with a tool, machine, etc
“Digging the garden is good exercise.”
wykopać dziurę /tunel itp.
dig
to make a hole in the ground by moving some of the ground or soil away
“They’ve dug a huge hole in the road.”
przytyk
dig
something that you say to annoy or criticize someone
“He was having a dig at me.”
wykopalisko
dig
a place where people are digging in the ground looking for ancient things to study
“an archaeological dig “
kuksaniec, szturchnięcie
dig
a quick, hard push
“a dig in the ribs”
uratować, ocalić
save
to stop someone or something from being killed or destroyed
“He was badly injured, but the doctors saved his life.”,
“She saved the children from drowning.”,
“He had to borrow money to save his business.”
oszczędzać, zaoszczędzić
save
to keep money so that you can buy something with it in the future
“We’ve saved almost $900 for our wedding.”,
“Michael’s saving up for a new computer.”
zostawiać, trzymać
save
to keep something to use in the future
“I’ve saved some food for you.”,
“She saved her black dress for special occasions.”
zaoszczędzić pieniądze/miejsce/czas itp.
save
to reduce the amount of money/space/time, etc that you have to use
“You’ll save time by doing it yourself.”
oszczędzić komuś czegoś
save
to help someone avoid having to do something
“We’ll eat in a restaurant - it’ll save you having to cook.”
zapisywać lub zachowywać pliki /dokument itp.
save
to store work or information electronically on or from a computer
uratować drużynę od utraty bramki
save
to prevent a player from scoring a goal
“He saved two goals in the last minute of the game.”
obrona
save
the act of preventing a goal from being scored in a sport
“The goalkeeper made a great save.”
-
its
short for it is
"”What time is it?” “It’s one o’clock.””
-
its
short for it has
“It’s been a long day and I’m tired.”
swój, jego, jej, sobie
its
belonging to or relating to the thing that has already been talked about
“The house has its own swimming pool.”
ten, (= najczęściej nie tłumaczy się)
the
used before nouns to refer to particular things or people that have already been talked about or are already known
“Can you pass the salt?”,
“I’ll pick you up at the station.”,
“That’s the new restaurant I told you about.”
nie tłumaczy się
the
used before nouns when only one of something exists
“Have you seen the Eiffel Tower?”,
“I’d love to travel round the world.”
nie tłumaczy się; można też oddać l.mn.: tygrysy …
the
used before a singular noun to refer to all the things or people described by that noun
“The tiger has become extinct in many countries.”
tworzy rzeczownik z przymiotnika: starsi , zmarły
the
used before some adjectives to make them into nouns
“a home for the elderly”,
“relatives of the deceased”
im … tym …
the
used before each of two adjectives or adverbs to show how one thing changes depending on another
“The longer we live here, the more we like it.”
nie tłumaczy się
the
used with units or measurements to mean each or every
“How many US dollars to the pound?”
nie tłumaczy się
the
used when referring to a part of the body
“He held her tightly by the arm.”
zwykle nie tłumaczy się, ale: lata sześćdziesiąte
the
used before numbers that refer to dates or periods of time
“the sixties”,
“Thursday the 29th of April”
nie tłumaczy się
the
used with the names of musical instruments or dances to mean the type of instrument or dance in general
“Can you play the violin?”
komputer
computer
an electronic machine that can store and arrange large amounts of information
“We’ve put all our records on computer.”,
“computer software”,
“computer games”
przyznawać, udzielać
grant
to give or allow someone something, usually in an official way
“to grant someone a licence/visa”
przyznawać (rację )
grant
to admit or agree that something is true
“She’s a good-looking woman, I grant you.”
stypendium, dotacja, grant
grant
an amount of money provided by a government or organization for a special purpose
“They received a research grant for the project.”
okno
window
a space in the wall of a building or vehicle that has glass in it, used for letting light and air inside and for looking through
“Open the window if you’re too hot.”,
“I could see the children’s faces at the window.”,
“a window frame/ledge “
okno
window
a separate area on a computer screen showing information and which you can move around
“to minimize/maximize a window”
wkrótce, niedługo
soon
after a short period of time
“I’ve got to leave quite soon.”,
“It’s too soon to make a decision.”,
“He joined the company soon after leaving college.”
jak tylko, gdy tylko
soon
at the same time or a very short time after
“As soon as I saw her, I knew there was something wrong.”,
“They want it as soon as possible.”
prędzej czy później
soon
used to say that you do not know exactly when something will happen, but you are sure that it will happen
“Sooner or later they’ll realize that it’s not going to work.”
woleć (raczej)
soon
would prefer
“I’d sooner spend a bit more money than take chances with safety.”
jak tylko, gdy tylko
soon
used to show that something happens immediately after something else
“No sooner had we got home than the phone rang.”
od (czasu ), od tego czasu
since
from a time in the past until a later time or until now
“The country has been independent since 1948.”,
“They’ve been waiting since March.”,
“The factory had been closed since the explosion.”,
“I’ve felt fine ever since.”
od kiedy, odkąd
since
from a time in the past until a later time or until now
“He’s been much happier since he started his new job.”,
“I’ve known Tim since he was seven.”
ponieważ
since
because
“He drove quite slowly since we had plenty of time.”
problem, kłopot
problem
a situation that causes difficulties and that needs to be dealt with
“health problems”,
“I’m having problems with my computer.”,
“Drugs have become a serious problem in the area.”
zadanie
problem
a question that you use mathematics to solve
mieć zastrzeżenia do czegoś / kogoś
problem
to find something or someone annoying or offensive
“Yes, she can smoke in the house - I don’t have a problem with that.”
Nie ma sprawy !Nie ma sprawy !
problem
something that you say to mean you can or will do what someone has asked you to dosomething that you say when someone has thanked you for something
"”Can you get me to the airport by 11.30?” “No problem.””,
““Thanks for taking me home.” “No problem.””
komórka
cell
the smallest living part of an animal or a plant
“brain/cancer cells”
cela
cell
a small room in a prison or police station where a prisoner is kept
zbiór, kolekcja
collection
a group of objects of the same type that have been collected by one person or in one place
“a private art collection “
zbiórka
collection
the activity of taking something away from a place
“The photos will be ready for collection on Tuesday afternoon.”
zbiórka, zrzutka, kwesta
collection
an amount of money collected from several people
“We had a collection for Emily’s gift.”
kolekcja, zbiór
collection
a group of things or people
“There’s quite a collection of toothbrushes in the bathroom.”
sam, samemu, samotnie
alone
without other people
“She lives alone.”,
“We’re all alone.”
tylko
alone
used to emphasize that only one person or thing is involved
“Last year alone the company made a million dollars.”,
“You alone know how you feel.”
dać komuś spokój
alone
to stop talking to someone or annoying them
“Leave him alone, he’s tired.”
zostawić coś w spokoju
alone
to stop touching something
“Leave your hair alone!”
zidentyfikować, rozpoznawać
identify
to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what they are
“Some of the children in the photographs have still not been identified.”
ujawniać tożsamość
identify
to tell people who someone is
“My informant asked not to be identified.”
określać
identify
to find a particular thing or all the things of a particular group
“You need to identify your priorities.”
Hiszpania
Spanish
a country in Europe
nagle
suddenly
quickly and unexpectedly
“I suddenly realized who she was.”,
“It all happened so suddenly that I can’t remember much about it.”
ogromny, olbrzymi
huge
extremely large
“a huge house”,
“a huge piece of cake”
podstawowy, elementarny
elementary
basic
“I only have an elementary knowledge of physics.”,
“an elementary mistake”
podstawowy, początkujący
elementary
relating to the early stages of studying a subject
“students at elementary level”
i
and
used to join two words or two parts of a sentence
“tea and coffee”,
“We were tired and hungry.”,
“Tim lives in Brighton and Anne in Oxford.”,
“She was my little sister and I looked after her.”
i
and
used to say that one thing happens after another thing
“I got dressed and had my breakfast.”,
“She leaned forward and whispered in my ear.”,
“He got out of his car and ran towards the house.”
i, a
and
so
“The car wouldn’t start and I had to get a taxi.”
w języku mówionym, zamiast to po try i go przed bezokolicznikiem
and
used instead of ‘to’ after some verbs, such as ‘try’ and ‘go’
“Try and eat something.”
i, plus
and
used when saying or adding numbers
“It cost a hundred and twenty pounds.”,
“Two and three equals five.”
coraz
and
used between two words that are the same to make their meaning stronger
“The sound grew louder and louder.”
może…?, (czy) mam/mamy…?, dobrze?najlepiej
shall
used to make an offer or suggestionused to ask someone what to do
“Shall I cook dinner tonight?”,
“We’ll ask him later, shall we?”,
“What restaurant shall we go to?”,
“Who shall I ask?”
wyraża przyszłość
shall
used to say what you are going to do in the future
“I shall be talking to her tomorrow.”,
“I shan’t forget to tell them.”
handlowy
commercial
relating to buying and selling things
