Deck 3 Flashcards
podstawa
base
the bottom part of something, or the part something rests on
“It’s quite easy to fasten the monitor onto the base.”,
“I felt a sharp pain at the base of my thumb.”
podstawa
base
the most important part of something, from which other things can develop
“a solid economic base”
baza
base
the main place where a person lives or works, or from where they do things
“The hotel is a good base for a holiday.”
baza
base
a place where people in the army or navy live and work
“an American Air Force base”
siedziba
base
the place where the main work of an organization is done
“The company’s European base is in Frankfurt.”
baza
base
the main substance in a mixture
“paints with an oil base”
baza
base
one of the four places in baseball that a player must run to in order to win a point
zasada chemiczna
base
a chemical substance with a pH (= measure of how acid something is) of more than 7
podstawa
base
a number that is used as the most important unit in a system of counting
“The binary system of counting uses base 2.”
mieć siedzibę lub bazę w/na itp.
base
If you are based at/in, etc a particular place, that is the main place where you live or work.
“The company is based in Geneva.”
nie-, niedo-
under
not enough
“undercooked potatoes”
pod-
under
below
“underwear”,
“an underpass”
pod
under
below something
“She pushed her bag under the table.”,
“The children were sitting under a tree.”
pod
under
below the surface of something
“He could only keep his head under the water for a few seconds.”
poniżej
under
less than a number, amount, or age
“You can buy the whole system for just under $2000.”,
“We don’t serve alcohol to anyone under 18.”
pod
under
controlled or governed by a particular person, organization, etc
“a country under military rule”,
“The restaurant is under new management.”,
“I’m managing the project and have three people under me.”
w myśl, zgodnie z
under
according to a rule, law, etc
“Under the new law, all new buildings must be approved by the local government.”
pod (wpływem ), w
under
in a particular state or condition
“The President is under pressure to resign.”,
“Students are allowed to miss school under certain circumstances.”
w trakcie
under
used to say that something is happening at the moment but is not finished
“A new 16-screen cinema is under construction.”,
“Several different plans are under discussion.”
pod
under
using a particular name, especially one that is not your usual name
“He also wrote several detective novels under the name Edgar Sandys.”
pod
under
used to say which part of a list, book, library, etc you should look in to find something
“Books about health problems are under ‘Medicine’.”
pod powierzchnię lub powierzchnią
under
below the surface of something
“The child was swimming and suddenly started to go under.”
poniżej, mniej
under
less than a particular number, amount, or age
“I want a computer that is £500 or under.”
współczesny
contemporary
of the present time
“contemporary music”
współczesny
contemporary
existing or happening at the same time as something
“Most contemporary accounts of the event have been destroyed.”
współczesn-y/a
contemporary
Someone’s contemporaries are the people who live at the same time as them.
“Shakespeare and his contemporaries”
filozofia
philosophy
the study or writing of ideas about the meaning of life, or a particular set of ideas about the meaning of life
“Descartes is considered by many to be the father of modern philosophy.”
filozofia
philosophy
a way of thinking about what you should do in life
“My philosophy has always been to give those with ability the chance to progress.”
stanowić
constitute
to be or form something
“This defeat constitutes a real setback for their championship hopes.”
piękny
beautiful
very attractive
“a beautiful woman”,
“beautiful scenery”
wspaniały
beautiful
very pleasant
“beautiful music”,
“It’s a beautiful day (= the sun is shining).”
działanie, czyn, akcja
action
something that you do
“She has to accept the consequences of her actions.”,
“We must take action (= do something) before the problem gets worse.”,
“So what do you think is the best course of action (= way of dealing with the situation)?”,
“It was the first time I’d seen firemen in action (= doing a particular activity).”
akcja
action
things that are happening, especially exciting or important things
“He likes films with a lot of action.”
nieczynny, niesprawny, wyłączony z gry
action
damaged or hurt and not able to operate or play sports
“I’m afraid my car’s out of action.”,
“They’ve got three players out of action.”
kroki prawne , postępowanie (prawne )
action
a legal process in a court
“They are planning to take legal action against the company.”
≈ na polu bitwy
action
fighting in a war
“He was killed in action (= while fighting).”
działanie
action
a movement or natural process
“The rocks are smoothed by the action of water.”
modlić się
pray
to speak to a god in order to show your feelings or to ask for something
“Let us pray for all the sick children.”,
“She prayed that God would forgive her.”
modlić się, błagać
pray
to hope very much that something will happen
“We’re just praying for rain.”
przy, obok, koło
beside
next to someone or something, or very near them
“She knelt beside his bed.”
wychodzić z siebie (z czegoś )
beside
to experience a powerful emotion
“He was beside himself with rage.”
porzucać
abandon
to leave someone or something somewhere, sometimes not returning to get them
“They were forced to abandon the car.”,
“He was abandoned by his mother as a baby.”
zaniechać, zarzucać, rezygnować z
abandon
to stop doing something before it is finished, or to stop following a plan, idea, etc
“The match was abandoned because of rain.”
zorganizować kampanię/protest itp.
mount
to arrange a series of organized activities that will achieve a particular result
narastać, rosnąć
mount
to increase in amount or level
“Tension in the room was mounting.”,
“mounting problems”
zamontować coś na/do itp.
mount
to fix an object onto something
“They’ve mounted a camera on the wall by the door.”
wspinać się po, wchodzić po
mount
to go up something
“to mount the stairs”
dosiadać
mount
to get on a horse or bicycle
Góra
mount
used in the names of mountains
“Mount Everest”
oceniać
assess
to make a judgment about the quality, size, value, etc of something
“The tests are designed to assess a child’s reading skills.”
oczywiścieoczywiście
course
used to say ‘yes’ and emphasize your answerused to show that what you are saying is obvious or already known
"”Can you help me?” “Of course!””,
“The rain meant, of course, that the barbecue was cancelled.”,
“Of course, the Olympics are not just about money.”
absolutnie nie
course
used to say ‘no’ and emphasize your answer
"”Do you mind if I borrow your pen?” “Of course not.””
kurs
course
a series of lessons about a particular subject
“She did a ten-week course in computing.”
danie
course
a part of a meal
“a three-course dinner”
tor, pole
course
an area used for horse races or playing golf
“a golf course”
kuracja, seria
course
a fixed number of regular medical treatments
“a course of antibiotics”
kurs
course
the direction in which a ship, aircraft, etc is moving
“During the storm, the boat was blown off course (= in the wrong direction).”
wyjście
course
something that you can do in a particular situation
“I think the best course of action would be to write to him.”
w czasie czegoś
course
during a particular time or activity
“In the course of the interview she mentioned her previous experience.”
w odpowiednim momencie
course
at a suitable time in the future
“The results will be sent to you in due course.”
bieg
course
the way something develops, usually over a long time
“Nuclear weapons have changed the course of modern history.”
stopniowo, z czasem
course
gradually, or over a period of time
“His English will improve in the course of time.”
mieć duże szanse na coś , być na dobrej drodze do czegoś
course
to be very likely to succeed at something
dobiegać końca
course
If something runs its course, it continues naturally until it has finished.
sprzymierzeniec, sojuszni-k/czka
ally
someone who supports you, especially when other people are against you
sojusznik
ally
a country that has agreed to help another country, especially in a war
narodowy, państwowy, krajowy, ogólnokrajowy
national
relating to the whole of a country
“to threaten national security “,
“a sense of national identity”,
“a national newspaper”,
“national elections “,
“His income is way above the national average.”,
“Gambling is a national pastime (= many people do it) here.”
narodowy
national
connected with the traditions of a particular nation
“national dress/customs”
obywatel/ka
national
someone who officially belongs to a particular country
“a British/Chinese national”
dostarczenie, dowóz, doręczenie
delivery
the job of taking things such as letters, parcels, or goods to a person or place
“Is there a charge for delivery?”
poród
delivery
the time when a baby is born and comes out of its mother
“Her husband was present at the delivery.”
woleć
prefer
to like someone or something more than another person or thing
“I prefer dogs to cats.”,
“She prefers watching tennis to playing.”
woleć
prefer
used to say what you want or ask someone what they want
“I’d prefer to go alone.”,
“Would you prefer red or white wine?”
dostęp
access
the right or opportunity to use or see something
“I don’t have access to that kind of information.”,
“Do you have Internet access?”
dostępność, dojazd, dojście
access
the way in which you can enter a place or get to a place
“The only access to the village is by boat.”,
“better access for the disabled”
mieć dostęp do, docierać do
access
to find or see information, especially using a computer
“You can access the files over the Internet.”
korzyść, przewaga
benefit
something that helps you or gives you an advantage
“I’ve had the benefit of a happy childhood.”
zasiłek
benefit
money that the government gives to people who are sick, poor, not working, etc
“unemployment benefit”
dla kogoś
benefit
in order to help someone
“We bought the piano for the children’s benefit.”
skorzystać
benefit
to be helped by something
“The film benefited from the excellent acting by its stars.”
przynosić korzyść
benefit
to help someone
“The charity supports activities that directly benefit children.”
osobowość
personality
the way you are as a person
“She’s got a lovely, bubbly personality.”
osobistość
personality
a famous person
“a well-known TV personality”
osobowość
personality
the quality of having a very strong or interesting character
“Sales people need a lot of personality.”
martwy, nieżywy
dead
not now alive
“She’s been dead for 20 years now.”,
“He was shot dead by a masked intruder.”,
“There were three children among the dead.”
zepsuty
dead
If a piece of equipment is dead, it is not working.
“a dead battery”,
“The phone suddenly went dead.”
jak wymarły
dead
If a place is dead, it is too quiet and nothing interesting is happening there.
zupełny
dead
complete
“We waited in dead silence as the votes were counted.”
zdrętwiały
dead
If part of your body is dead, you cannot feel it.
“My arm’s gone dead.”
za nic nie, za żadne skarby świata nie
dead
If someone wouldn’t be caught dead in a place or doing something, they would never go there or do it, usually because it would be too embarrassing.
“I wouldn’t be caught dead wearing a bikini.”
paść trupem
dead
to die very suddenly
całkowicie, zupełnie
dead
extremely or completely
“The exam was dead easy.”,
“His advice was dead wrong.”
zdecydowanie się czemuś sprzeciwiać
dead
to oppose something strongly
“My parents were dead set against us getting married.”
stanąć jak wryty, stanąć w miejscu
dead
to suddenly stop moving or doing something
centralny, środkowy
central
in or near the centre of a place or object
“central Africa/America”,
“The roof is supported by a central column.”
centralny
central
controlled or organized in one main place
“central authorities/government”,
“the US central bank”,
“central control/planning”
główny
central
main or most important
“a central character/figure”,
“the central argument of the book”,
“Her role is central to the film.”
blisko centrum
central
in the main part of a town or city
“Our offices are very central.”
akademicki
academic
related to education, schools, universities, etc
“academic ability/standards “,
“It’s the start of the academic year.”
(czysto) naukowy, teoretyczny
academic
related to subjects that involve thinking and studying and not technical or practical skills
“academic subjects “
zdolny
academic
clever and good at studying
czysto teoretyczny, akademicki
academic
If what someone says is academic, it has no purpose because it relates to a situation that does not exist.
“The whole discussion is academic since management won’t even listen to us.”
naukowiec, pracownik naukowy
academic
someone who teaches at a university or college, or is paid to study there
wygodny
comfortable
Comfortable furniture, clothes, rooms, etc make you feel relaxed and do not cause any pain.
“comfortable shoes”,
“We had a comfortable journey.”
wygodny, swobodny
comfortable
If you are comfortable, you are relaxed and have no pain.
“Make yourself comfortable while I fetch you a drink.”,
“I don’t feel comfortable in high heels.”
spokojny
comfortable
If you are comfortable in a situation, you do not have any worries about it.
“I don’t feel comfortable about leaving the children here alone.”
komfortowy
comfortable
having enough money for everything that you need
“a comfortable retirement”
pewny
comfortable
If you win a game or competition by a comfortable amount, you win easily.
“a comfortable lead/victory”
tradycyjny
traditional
following the customs or ways of behaving that have continued in a group of people or society for a long time
“traditional Hungarian dress”,
“traditional farming methods”
koszyk, kosz
basket
a container with a handle made of thin pieces of wood, wire, plastic, etc
“a shopping basket”
kosz
basket
points scored when a player throws the ball through the net in basketball
wykres
chart
a drawing that shows information in a simple way, often using lines and curves to show amounts
“a sales chart”
lista przebojów
chart
an official list of the most popular songs each week
“This song entered the charts at number 8.”
mapa
chart
a map of the sea or the sky
dokumentować, rejestrować
chart
to watch and record information about something over a period of time
“The documentary charted the progress of the war.”
nanosić na mapę
chart
to make a map of an area of land, sea, or sky
gardło
throat
the back part of your mouth and the passages inside your neck
“a sore throat “
gardło
throat
the front of your neck
“He grabbed her round the throat.”
odchrząknąć
throat
to cough once so that you can speak more clearly
sprawdzać
check
to examine something in order to make sure that it is correct or the way it should be
“I went to check that I’d locked the door.”,
“Have you checked your facts?”,
“I knelt down beside the body and checked for a pulse.”,
“I haven’t had my eyes checked recently.”
sprawdzać
check
to find out about something
“I’ll check whether Peter knows about the party.”
uzgadniać
check
to ask someone for permission to do something
“I’d like to stay overnight, but I need to check with my parents.”
opanować, powstrzymać
check
to stop something bad from increasing or continuing
“The government needs to find a way to check rising inflation.”
odhaczać, zaznaczać
check
to put a mark by an answer to show that it is correct, or by an item on a list to show that you have dealt with it
oddawać (na przechowanie), nadawać
check
to leave your coat, bags, or other possessions temporarily in someone’s care
“Passengers on this flight will be allowed one carry-on bag, and will have to check any additional bags.”
sprawdzian, przegląd
check
an examination of something in order to make sure that it is correct or the way it should be
“We do safety checks on all our equipment.”
czek
check
US spelling of cheque (= a piece of paper printed by a bank that you use to pay for things)
rachunek
check
a list that you are given in a restaurant showing how much your meal costs
ptaszek
check
a mark (✓) that shows that an answer is correct, or that you have dealt with something on a list
kratka
check
a pattern of squares of different colours
ograniczać coś , kontrolować coś
check
to control something that could increase too quickly or become too large or powerful
“We need to keep our spending in check.”
uczyć się
learn
to get knowledge or skill in a new subject or activity
“I learned Russian at school.”,
““Can you drive?” “I’m learning.””,
“She’s learned a lot about computers in the last three months.”,
“I’m learning to play the piano.”,
“Cheese goes in the fridge - will he never learn?”
uczyć się
learn
to make yourself remember a piece of writing by reading or repeating it many times
“I don’t know how actors learn all those lines.”
zrozumieć, uczyć się
learn
to start to understand that you must change the way you behave
“She’ll have to learn that she can’t have everything she wants.”,
“The good thing is, he’s not afraid to learn from his mistakes.”
stowarzyszenie, zrzeszenie
association
an organization of people with the same interests or with a particular purpose
“the Football Association”
związek
association
a connection or relationship between two things or people
we współpracy z, wspólnie z
association
working together with
“The event was organized in association with the Sports Council.”
kliniczny
clinical
relating to medical treatment and tests
“clinical trials/research “
chłodny
clinical
only considering facts and not influenced by feelings or emotions
“a clinical approach/attitude”
pracy
working
relating to your job
“good working conditions”
mężczyzna/kobieta itp. pracując-y/a lub czynn-y/a zawodowo
working
someone who has a job
“a working mother”
praktyczna znajomość czegoś
working
knowledge about something that is good enough to be useful
“She has a working knowledge of German and Russian.”
ani, też nie
neither
used to say that a negative fact is also true of someone or something else
“Jerry doesn’t like it, and neither do I.”,
“Her family wouldn’t help her and neither would anyone else.”,
“She’s not very tall and neither is her husband.”
żaden, ani jeden
neither
not either of two people or things
“Luckily, neither child was hurt in the accident.”,
“Neither of us had ever been to London before.”,
“They gave us two keys, but neither worked.”
ani … ani
neither
used when a negative fact is true of two people or things or when someone or something does not have either of two qualities
“Neither he nor his mother would talk to the police.”,
“Their performance was neither entertaining nor educational.”
poczta
post
the system for sending letters, parcels, etc
“Your letter is in the post.”,
“I’m sending the documents by post.”
poczta
post
letters, parcels, etc that you send or receive
“Has the post arrived/come yet?”,
“Did I get any post today?”
stanowisko, posada
post
a job
“a part-time post”,
“a teaching post”
słup
post
a long, vertical piece of wood or metal fixed into the ground at one end
“I found the dog tied to a post.”
posterunek
post
a place where someone stands to guard something
wysyłać
post
to send a letter or parcel by post
“Did you post my letter?”
umieścić
post
to leave a message on a website
“I posted a query about arthritis treatment.”
zostać oddelegowanym do Francji/Londynu/Singapuru
post
to be sent to France/London/Singapore, etc to work, usually for the government or army
wywieszać ogłoszenie/napis itp.
post
to put a notice/sign, etc somewhere
“He posted the message on the noticeboard.”
informować kogoś (na bieżąco)
post
to make certain that someone always knows what is happening
“Keep me posted on anything that happens while I’m away.”
sosna
pine
a tall tree with long, thin leaves shaped like needles
sosna
pine
the pale coloured wood from this tree
