Deck 3 Flashcards
podstawa
base
the bottom part of something, or the part something rests on
“It’s quite easy to fasten the monitor onto the base.”,
“I felt a sharp pain at the base of my thumb.”
podstawa
base
the most important part of something, from which other things can develop
“a solid economic base”
baza
base
the main place where a person lives or works, or from where they do things
“The hotel is a good base for a holiday.”
baza
base
a place where people in the army or navy live and work
“an American Air Force base”
siedziba
base
the place where the main work of an organization is done
“The company’s European base is in Frankfurt.”
baza
base
the main substance in a mixture
“paints with an oil base”
baza
base
one of the four places in baseball that a player must run to in order to win a point
zasada chemiczna
base
a chemical substance with a pH (= measure of how acid something is) of more than 7
podstawa
base
a number that is used as the most important unit in a system of counting
“The binary system of counting uses base 2.”
mieć siedzibę lub bazę w/na itp.
base
If you are based at/in, etc a particular place, that is the main place where you live or work.
“The company is based in Geneva.”
nie-, niedo-
under
not enough
“undercooked potatoes”
pod-
under
below
“underwear”,
“an underpass”
pod
under
below something
“She pushed her bag under the table.”,
“The children were sitting under a tree.”
pod
under
below the surface of something
“He could only keep his head under the water for a few seconds.”
poniżej
under
less than a number, amount, or age
“You can buy the whole system for just under $2000.”,
“We don’t serve alcohol to anyone under 18.”
pod
under
controlled or governed by a particular person, organization, etc
“a country under military rule”,
“The restaurant is under new management.”,
“I’m managing the project and have three people under me.”
w myśl, zgodnie z
under
according to a rule, law, etc
“Under the new law, all new buildings must be approved by the local government.”
pod (wpływem ), w
under
in a particular state or condition
“The President is under pressure to resign.”,
“Students are allowed to miss school under certain circumstances.”
w trakcie
under
used to say that something is happening at the moment but is not finished
“A new 16-screen cinema is under construction.”,
“Several different plans are under discussion.”
pod
under
using a particular name, especially one that is not your usual name
“He also wrote several detective novels under the name Edgar Sandys.”
pod
under
used to say which part of a list, book, library, etc you should look in to find something
“Books about health problems are under ‘Medicine’.”
pod powierzchnię lub powierzchnią
under
below the surface of something
“The child was swimming and suddenly started to go under.”
poniżej, mniej
under
less than a particular number, amount, or age
“I want a computer that is £500 or under.”
współczesny
contemporary
of the present time
“contemporary music”
współczesny
contemporary
existing or happening at the same time as something
“Most contemporary accounts of the event have been destroyed.”
współczesn-y/a
contemporary
Someone’s contemporaries are the people who live at the same time as them.
“Shakespeare and his contemporaries”
filozofia
philosophy
the study or writing of ideas about the meaning of life, or a particular set of ideas about the meaning of life
“Descartes is considered by many to be the father of modern philosophy.”
filozofia
philosophy
a way of thinking about what you should do in life
“My philosophy has always been to give those with ability the chance to progress.”
stanowić
constitute
to be or form something
“This defeat constitutes a real setback for their championship hopes.”
piękny
beautiful
very attractive
“a beautiful woman”,
“beautiful scenery”
wspaniały
beautiful
very pleasant
“beautiful music”,
“It’s a beautiful day (= the sun is shining).”
działanie, czyn, akcja
action
something that you do
“She has to accept the consequences of her actions.”,
“We must take action (= do something) before the problem gets worse.”,
“So what do you think is the best course of action (= way of dealing with the situation)?”,
“It was the first time I’d seen firemen in action (= doing a particular activity).”
akcja
action
things that are happening, especially exciting or important things
“He likes films with a lot of action.”
nieczynny, niesprawny, wyłączony z gry
action
damaged or hurt and not able to operate or play sports
“I’m afraid my car’s out of action.”,
“They’ve got three players out of action.”
kroki prawne , postępowanie (prawne )
action
a legal process in a court
“They are planning to take legal action against the company.”
≈ na polu bitwy
action
fighting in a war
“He was killed in action (= while fighting).”
działanie
action
a movement or natural process
“The rocks are smoothed by the action of water.”
modlić się
pray
to speak to a god in order to show your feelings or to ask for something
“Let us pray for all the sick children.”,
“She prayed that God would forgive her.”
modlić się, błagać
pray
to hope very much that something will happen
“We’re just praying for rain.”
przy, obok, koło
beside
next to someone or something, or very near them
“She knelt beside his bed.”
wychodzić z siebie (z czegoś )
beside
to experience a powerful emotion
“He was beside himself with rage.”
porzucać
abandon
to leave someone or something somewhere, sometimes not returning to get them
“They were forced to abandon the car.”,
“He was abandoned by his mother as a baby.”
zaniechać, zarzucać, rezygnować z
abandon
to stop doing something before it is finished, or to stop following a plan, idea, etc
“The match was abandoned because of rain.”
zorganizować kampanię/protest itp.
mount
to arrange a series of organized activities that will achieve a particular result
narastać, rosnąć
mount
to increase in amount or level
“Tension in the room was mounting.”,
“mounting problems”
zamontować coś na/do itp.
mount
to fix an object onto something
“They’ve mounted a camera on the wall by the door.”
wspinać się po, wchodzić po
mount
to go up something
“to mount the stairs”
dosiadać
mount
to get on a horse or bicycle
Góra
mount
used in the names of mountains
“Mount Everest”
oceniać
assess
to make a judgment about the quality, size, value, etc of something
“The tests are designed to assess a child’s reading skills.”
oczywiścieoczywiście
course
used to say ‘yes’ and emphasize your answerused to show that what you are saying is obvious or already known
"”Can you help me?” “Of course!””,
“The rain meant, of course, that the barbecue was cancelled.”,
“Of course, the Olympics are not just about money.”
absolutnie nie
course
used to say ‘no’ and emphasize your answer
"”Do you mind if I borrow your pen?” “Of course not.””
kurs
course
a series of lessons about a particular subject
“She did a ten-week course in computing.”
danie
course
a part of a meal
“a three-course dinner”
tor, pole
course
an area used for horse races or playing golf
“a golf course”
kuracja, seria
course
a fixed number of regular medical treatments
“a course of antibiotics”
kurs
course
the direction in which a ship, aircraft, etc is moving
“During the storm, the boat was blown off course (= in the wrong direction).”
wyjście
course
something that you can do in a particular situation
“I think the best course of action would be to write to him.”
w czasie czegoś
course
during a particular time or activity
“In the course of the interview she mentioned her previous experience.”
w odpowiednim momencie
course
at a suitable time in the future
“The results will be sent to you in due course.”
bieg
course
the way something develops, usually over a long time
“Nuclear weapons have changed the course of modern history.”
stopniowo, z czasem
course
gradually, or over a period of time
“His English will improve in the course of time.”
mieć duże szanse na coś , być na dobrej drodze do czegoś
course
to be very likely to succeed at something
dobiegać końca
course
If something runs its course, it continues naturally until it has finished.
sprzymierzeniec, sojuszni-k/czka
ally
someone who supports you, especially when other people are against you
sojusznik
ally
a country that has agreed to help another country, especially in a war
narodowy, państwowy, krajowy, ogólnokrajowy
national
relating to the whole of a country
“to threaten national security “,
“a sense of national identity”,
“a national newspaper”,
“national elections “,
“His income is way above the national average.”,
“Gambling is a national pastime (= many people do it) here.”
narodowy
national
connected with the traditions of a particular nation
“national dress/customs”
obywatel/ka
national
someone who officially belongs to a particular country
“a British/Chinese national”
dostarczenie, dowóz, doręczenie
delivery
the job of taking things such as letters, parcels, or goods to a person or place
“Is there a charge for delivery?”
poród
delivery
the time when a baby is born and comes out of its mother
“Her husband was present at the delivery.”
woleć
prefer
to like someone or something more than another person or thing
“I prefer dogs to cats.”,
“She prefers watching tennis to playing.”
woleć
prefer
used to say what you want or ask someone what they want
“I’d prefer to go alone.”,
“Would you prefer red or white wine?”
dostęp
access
the right or opportunity to use or see something
“I don’t have access to that kind of information.”,
“Do you have Internet access?”
dostępność, dojazd, dojście
access
the way in which you can enter a place or get to a place
“The only access to the village is by boat.”,
“better access for the disabled”
mieć dostęp do, docierać do
access
to find or see information, especially using a computer
“You can access the files over the Internet.”
korzyść, przewaga
benefit
something that helps you or gives you an advantage
“I’ve had the benefit of a happy childhood.”
zasiłek
benefit
money that the government gives to people who are sick, poor, not working, etc
“unemployment benefit”
dla kogoś
benefit
in order to help someone
“We bought the piano for the children’s benefit.”
skorzystać
benefit
to be helped by something
“The film benefited from the excellent acting by its stars.”
przynosić korzyść
benefit
to help someone
“The charity supports activities that directly benefit children.”
osobowość
personality
the way you are as a person
“She’s got a lovely, bubbly personality.”
osobistość
personality
a famous person
“a well-known TV personality”
osobowość
personality
the quality of having a very strong or interesting character
“Sales people need a lot of personality.”
martwy, nieżywy
dead
not now alive
“She’s been dead for 20 years now.”,
“He was shot dead by a masked intruder.”,
“There were three children among the dead.”
zepsuty
dead
If a piece of equipment is dead, it is not working.
“a dead battery”,
“The phone suddenly went dead.”
jak wymarły
dead
If a place is dead, it is too quiet and nothing interesting is happening there.
zupełny
dead
complete
“We waited in dead silence as the votes were counted.”
zdrętwiały
dead
If part of your body is dead, you cannot feel it.
“My arm’s gone dead.”
za nic nie, za żadne skarby świata nie
dead
If someone wouldn’t be caught dead in a place or doing something, they would never go there or do it, usually because it would be too embarrassing.
“I wouldn’t be caught dead wearing a bikini.”
paść trupem
dead
to die very suddenly
całkowicie, zupełnie
dead
extremely or completely
“The exam was dead easy.”,
“His advice was dead wrong.”
zdecydowanie się czemuś sprzeciwiać
dead
to oppose something strongly
“My parents were dead set against us getting married.”
stanąć jak wryty, stanąć w miejscu
dead
to suddenly stop moving or doing something
centralny, środkowy
central
in or near the centre of a place or object
“central Africa/America”,
“The roof is supported by a central column.”
centralny
central
controlled or organized in one main place
“central authorities/government”,
“the US central bank”,
“central control/planning”
główny
central
main or most important
“a central character/figure”,
“the central argument of the book”,
“Her role is central to the film.”
blisko centrum
central
in the main part of a town or city
“Our offices are very central.”
akademicki
academic
related to education, schools, universities, etc
“academic ability/standards “,
“It’s the start of the academic year.”
(czysto) naukowy, teoretyczny
academic
related to subjects that involve thinking and studying and not technical or practical skills
“academic subjects “
zdolny
academic
clever and good at studying
czysto teoretyczny, akademicki
academic
If what someone says is academic, it has no purpose because it relates to a situation that does not exist.
“The whole discussion is academic since management won’t even listen to us.”
naukowiec, pracownik naukowy
academic
someone who teaches at a university or college, or is paid to study there
wygodny
comfortable
Comfortable furniture, clothes, rooms, etc make you feel relaxed and do not cause any pain.
“comfortable shoes”,
“We had a comfortable journey.”
wygodny, swobodny
comfortable
If you are comfortable, you are relaxed and have no pain.
“Make yourself comfortable while I fetch you a drink.”,
“I don’t feel comfortable in high heels.”
spokojny
comfortable
If you are comfortable in a situation, you do not have any worries about it.
“I don’t feel comfortable about leaving the children here alone.”
komfortowy
comfortable
having enough money for everything that you need
“a comfortable retirement”
pewny
comfortable
If you win a game or competition by a comfortable amount, you win easily.
“a comfortable lead/victory”
tradycyjny
traditional
following the customs or ways of behaving that have continued in a group of people or society for a long time
“traditional Hungarian dress”,
“traditional farming methods”
koszyk, kosz
basket
a container with a handle made of thin pieces of wood, wire, plastic, etc
“a shopping basket”
kosz
basket
points scored when a player throws the ball through the net in basketball
wykres
chart
a drawing that shows information in a simple way, often using lines and curves to show amounts
“a sales chart”
lista przebojów
chart
an official list of the most popular songs each week
“This song entered the charts at number 8.”
mapa
chart
a map of the sea or the sky
dokumentować, rejestrować
chart
to watch and record information about something over a period of time
“The documentary charted the progress of the war.”
nanosić na mapę
chart
to make a map of an area of land, sea, or sky
gardło
throat
the back part of your mouth and the passages inside your neck
“a sore throat “
gardło
throat
the front of your neck
“He grabbed her round the throat.”
odchrząknąć
throat
to cough once so that you can speak more clearly
sprawdzać
check
to examine something in order to make sure that it is correct or the way it should be
“I went to check that I’d locked the door.”,
“Have you checked your facts?”,
“I knelt down beside the body and checked for a pulse.”,
“I haven’t had my eyes checked recently.”
sprawdzać
check
to find out about something
“I’ll check whether Peter knows about the party.”
uzgadniać
check
to ask someone for permission to do something
“I’d like to stay overnight, but I need to check with my parents.”
opanować, powstrzymać
check
to stop something bad from increasing or continuing
“The government needs to find a way to check rising inflation.”
odhaczać, zaznaczać
check
to put a mark by an answer to show that it is correct, or by an item on a list to show that you have dealt with it
oddawać (na przechowanie), nadawać
check
to leave your coat, bags, or other possessions temporarily in someone’s care
“Passengers on this flight will be allowed one carry-on bag, and will have to check any additional bags.”
sprawdzian, przegląd
check
an examination of something in order to make sure that it is correct or the way it should be
“We do safety checks on all our equipment.”
czek
check
US spelling of cheque (= a piece of paper printed by a bank that you use to pay for things)
rachunek
check
a list that you are given in a restaurant showing how much your meal costs
ptaszek
check
a mark (✓) that shows that an answer is correct, or that you have dealt with something on a list
kratka
check
a pattern of squares of different colours
ograniczać coś , kontrolować coś
check
to control something that could increase too quickly or become too large or powerful
“We need to keep our spending in check.”
uczyć się
learn
to get knowledge or skill in a new subject or activity
“I learned Russian at school.”,
““Can you drive?” “I’m learning.””,
“She’s learned a lot about computers in the last three months.”,
“I’m learning to play the piano.”,
“Cheese goes in the fridge - will he never learn?”
uczyć się
learn
to make yourself remember a piece of writing by reading or repeating it many times
“I don’t know how actors learn all those lines.”
zrozumieć, uczyć się
learn
to start to understand that you must change the way you behave
“She’ll have to learn that she can’t have everything she wants.”,
“The good thing is, he’s not afraid to learn from his mistakes.”
stowarzyszenie, zrzeszenie
association
an organization of people with the same interests or with a particular purpose
“the Football Association”
związek
association
a connection or relationship between two things or people
we współpracy z, wspólnie z
association
working together with
“The event was organized in association with the Sports Council.”
kliniczny
clinical
relating to medical treatment and tests
“clinical trials/research “
chłodny
clinical
only considering facts and not influenced by feelings or emotions
“a clinical approach/attitude”
pracy
working
relating to your job
“good working conditions”
mężczyzna/kobieta itp. pracując-y/a lub czynn-y/a zawodowo
working
someone who has a job
“a working mother”
praktyczna znajomość czegoś
working
knowledge about something that is good enough to be useful
“She has a working knowledge of German and Russian.”
ani, też nie
neither
used to say that a negative fact is also true of someone or something else
“Jerry doesn’t like it, and neither do I.”,
“Her family wouldn’t help her and neither would anyone else.”,
“She’s not very tall and neither is her husband.”
żaden, ani jeden
neither
not either of two people or things
“Luckily, neither child was hurt in the accident.”,
“Neither of us had ever been to London before.”,
“They gave us two keys, but neither worked.”
ani … ani
neither
used when a negative fact is true of two people or things or when someone or something does not have either of two qualities
“Neither he nor his mother would talk to the police.”,
“Their performance was neither entertaining nor educational.”
poczta
post
the system for sending letters, parcels, etc
“Your letter is in the post.”,
“I’m sending the documents by post.”
poczta
post
letters, parcels, etc that you send or receive
“Has the post arrived/come yet?”,
“Did I get any post today?”
stanowisko, posada
post
a job
“a part-time post”,
“a teaching post”
słup
post
a long, vertical piece of wood or metal fixed into the ground at one end
“I found the dog tied to a post.”
posterunek
post
a place where someone stands to guard something
wysyłać
post
to send a letter or parcel by post
“Did you post my letter?”
umieścić
post
to leave a message on a website
“I posted a query about arthritis treatment.”
zostać oddelegowanym do Francji/Londynu/Singapuru
post
to be sent to France/London/Singapore, etc to work, usually for the government or army
wywieszać ogłoszenie/napis itp.
post
to put a notice/sign, etc somewhere
“He posted the message on the noticeboard.”
informować kogoś (na bieżąco)
post
to make certain that someone always knows what is happening
“Keep me posted on anything that happens while I’m away.”
sosna
pine
a tall tree with long, thin leaves shaped like needles
sosna
pine
the pale coloured wood from this tree
tęsknić, usychać z tęsknoty
pine
to be sad because you want someone or something that has gone away
“He’s pining for his ex-girlfriend.”
senat
Senate
a part of a government in some countries
potrzebować, wymagać, musieć
need
If you need something, you must have it, and if you need to do something, you must do it.
“I need some new shoes.”,
“The country still desperately needs help.”,
“The doctor said I might need to have an operation.”,
“If there’s anything else you need to know, just give me a call.”,
“We need you to look after the children for us.”
nie musieć czegoś robić
need
used in order to say that someone does not have to do something or should not do something
“You didn’t need to come all this way.”,
“You don’t need to be frightened.”,
“She needn’t have taken him to the hospital.”
wymagać
need
If something needs something to be done to it, that thing should be done in order to improve it.
“Do the clothes on this chair need washing?”,
“The car needs to be serviced.”
konieczne jest coś , potrzeba czegoś
need
used to say that something is necessary
“There needs to be more funding for education in this country.”
potrzeba
need
something that is necessary to have or do
“There’s an urgent need for more medical supplies.”,
“Is there any need to change the current system?”,
“There’s really no need for that sort of behaviour.”
wymagać czegoś , potrzebować czegoś
need
to need something
“My car’s in desperate need of repair.”
dym
smoke
the grey or black gas that is produced when something burns
papieros, dymek
smoke
If someone has a smoke, they smoke a cigarette.
“I’m just going outside for a smoke.”
palić
smoke
to breathe smoke into your mouth from a cigarette
“Do you mind if I smoke?”,
“She smokes thirty cigarettes a day.”
wędzić
smoke
to give meat or fish a special taste by hanging it over burning wood
“smoked ham/salmon”
dymić
smoke
to produce or send out smoke
“smoking chimneys”
chory
sick
ill
“He was off work sick for most of last week.”,
“They provide care for the sick.”
wymiotować
sick
If you are sick, food and drink comes up from your stomach and out of your mouth.
“The baby was sick all down his shirt.”
mieć mdłości
sick
to feel that the food or drink in your stomach might soon come up through your mouth
“I was so nervous I felt quite sick.”
mieć czegoś (serdecznie) dosyć
sick
to be bored with or annoyed about something that has been happening for a long time
“I’m sick of people telling me how to run my life.”
wkurza mnie to
sick
something you say when you are jealous of someone
“She looks fantastic whatever she wears - it makes me sick.”
chory, niesmaczny
sick
cruel and unpleasant
“He’s got a sick mind.”,
“a sick joke “
wymiociny
sick
food or liquid that has come up from someone’s stomach and out of their mouth
dumny
proud
feeling very pleased about something you have done, something you own, or someone you know
“She was so proud of her son.”,
“I’m very proud to be involved in this project.”
być zbyt dumnym aby coś zrobić
proud
to not be able to do something, especially ask for help, because you are too embarrassed
“He’s too proud to ask you for any money.”
dumny, wyniosły
proud
feeling that you are more important than you really are
autokar
coach
a comfortable bus used to take groups of people on long journeys
“a coach trip “
trener/ka, korepetytor/ka
coach
someone whose job is to teach people to improve at a sport, skill, or school subject
“a football/tennis coach”
powóz
coach
a vehicle with wheels that is pulled by horses
trenować, dawać lekcje lub korepetycje
coach
to teach someone so they improve at a sport, skill, or in a school subject
prezes, przewodnicząc-y/a
chairman
a man/woman who controls a meeting, company, or other organization
dziękować
thank
to tell someone that you are grateful for something they have done or given you
“I’d like to thank everyone who’s helped me.”,
“I haven’t thanked her for her present yet.”,
“Yu Yin thanked the boys for helping her.”
dzięki Bogu
thank
something that you say when you are happy because something bad did not happen
“Thank goodness you’re okay - I was really worried.”
drobny, pomniejszy
minor
not important or serious
“a minor offence”,
“Most of the passengers suffered only minor injuries.”
moll, molowy
minor
in music, belonging to a key (= set of musical notes) that often produces a sad sound
nieletn-i/a
minor
someone who is too young to have the legal responsibilities of an adult
etap, faza
stage
a period of development, or a particular time in a process
“an early stage in his career”,
“Our project is in its final stages.”,
“I’m not prepared to comment at this stage.”
scena
stage
the raised area in a theatre where actors perform
“He’s on stage for most of the play.”
teatr, scena
stage
performances in theatres
“He’s written plays for television and the stage.”
organizować demonstrację /protest itp.
stage
to organize and take part in a public meeting to complain about something
organizować koncert/imprezę itp.
stage
to organize and produce a performance of music or a play, etc
“They staged a free concert in Central Park.”
artyst-a/ka
artist
someone who creates art, especially paintings and drawings
sałatka
salad
a cold mixture of vegetables that have not been cooked, usually eaten with meat, cheese, etc
“I made a big salad for lunch.”
wspierać, promować
promote
to encourage something to happen or develop
“to promote good health/peace “
promować
promote
to advertise something
“The band is promoting their new album.”
awansować
promote
to give someone a more important job in the same organization
“She’s just been promoted to manager.”
bronić
defend
to protect someone or something from being attacked, especially by fighting
“The army was sent in to defend the country against enemy attack.”,
“She tried to defend herself with a knife.”
bronić
defend
to support someone or something that is being criticized
“The newspaper’s editor defended his decision to publish the photos.”
bronić
defend
to try to show in a court that someone is not guilty of a crime
“He has hired two lawyers to defend him in court.”
bronić
defend
to try to stop the other sports team from scoring points
bronić tytułu (mistrzowskiego ) itp.
defend
to try to win a game or competition that you have won before
“She will be defending her title for the third year running.”
przepraszam , przykro mi
sorry
something that you say to be polite when you have done something wrong, or when you cannot agree with someone or accept something
“Sorry I’m late.”,
“Oh, I’m sorry. I didn’t see you there.”,
“Tom, I’m so sorry about last night - it was all my fault.”,
“I’m sorry, but I just don’t think it’s a good idea.”
przykro
sorry
used to show sympathy or sadness for a person or situation
“I feel sorry for the children - it must be very hard for them.”,
“I was sorry to hear about your brother’s accident.”,
“I’m sorry that things didn’t work out for you.”
Słucham?
sorry
used as a polite way to say that you did not hear what someone has just said
“Sorry? What was that?”
≈ żałować
sorry
used to say that you wish something in the past had not happened or had been different
“I’m sorry that I ever met him.”
opłakany widok/stan, przykra sprawa
sorry
a bad condition or situation
“Her car was in a sorry state after the accident.”
na pewno
certainly
used to emphasize something and show that there is no doubt about it
“Their team certainly deserved to win.”,
““Are your parents paying for dinner?” “I certainly hope so.””,
“She may never find out. I’m certainly not going to tell her.”,
““Do you regret what you said?” “Certainly not!””
oczywiście
certainly
used to agree to a request
"”Could you pass the salt, please?” “Certainly.””
wyrzucić/wrzucić/rzucić coś gdzieś
toss
to throw something somewhere carelessly
“He read the letter quickly, then tossed it into the bin.”
rzucać (monetą )
toss
to throw a coin in the air and guess which side will land facing upwards as a way of deciding something
rzut monetą
toss
the action of throwing a coin in the air and guessing which side will land facing upwards as a way of deciding something
potrząśnięcie głową /włosami
toss
the action of moving your head quickly backwards
dookoła, wokół
around
on all sides of something
“They sat around the table.”,
“He put his arms around her waist.”
w drugą stronę
around
to the opposite direction
“He turned around and looked at her.”
dookoła
around
in a circular movement
“This lever turns the wheels around.”
dookoła, naokoło
around
along the outside of something, not through it
“You have to walk around the house to get to the garden.”
po
around
to or in different parts of a place
“She showed me around the museum.”,
“I spent a year travelling around Australia.”
dookoła
around
from one place or person to another
“She passed a plate of sandwiches around.”,
“There’s a virus going around the school.”
tu, tutaj, w pobliżu
around
here, or near this place
“Is Roger around?”
dostępny
around
present or available
“Mobile phones have been around for years now.”
około
around
used before a number or amount to mean ‘approximately’
“around four o’clock”,
“around twenty thousand pounds”
łączyć (się)
combine
to become mixed or joined, or to mix or join things together
“My wages combined with your savings should just pay for it.”,
“The band combines jazz rhythms and romantic lyrics.”
łączyć
combine
to do two or more activities at the same time
“I don’t know how she combines working with studying.”
lada, okienko (kasowe )
counter
the place in a shop, bank, etc, where people are served
“The woman behind the counter took his money.”
blat
counter
a flat surface in a kitchen on which food can be prepared
żeton, pionek
counter
a small disc used in some games that are played on a board
równoważyć, przeciwdziałać
counter
to prevent something or reduce the bad effect that it has
“This skin cream claims to counter the effects of sun damage.”
odpierać
counter
to say something to show that what someone has just said is not true
"”Of course I love him,” Clare countered.”
stać lub być w sprzeczności z czymś , kłócić się z czymś
counter
to have the opposite effect to something
“The new road plans run counter to the government’s aim of reducing pollution.”
przeciw-, kontr-
counter
opposing or as a reaction to
“a counter-attack (= an attack on someone who has attacked you) “
przeciętny
average
usual and like the most common type
“an average person”,
“an average day”
przeciętny, średni
average
An average amount is calculated by adding some amounts together and then dividing by the number of amounts.
“an average age/temperature”
przeciętny
average
not excellent, although not bad
“The food was pretty average.”
przeciętna, średnia
average
an amount calculated by adding some amounts together and then dividing by the number of amounts
“They work an average of 30.5 hours per week.”
przeciętna, średnia
average
the usual or typical amount
“well above/below average”
średnio, przeciętnie
average
usually, or based on an average
“Female workers earn, on average, a third less than men.”
osiągać lub uzyskiwać lub wynosić średnio
average
to reach a particular amount as an average
“He averages about 20 points a game.”
radykalny
radical
A radical change is very big and important.
“a radical reform “
radykalny
radical
believing that there should be big social and political changes
“a radical group/movement”,
“a radical proposal “
radykał
radical
someone who supports the idea that there should be big social and political changes
przez
via
going through or stopping at a place on the way to another place
“The train to Utrecht goes via Amsterdam.”
przez, za pośrednictwem
via
using a particular machine, system, or person to send or receive something
“I receive all my work via e-mail.”
rozważać
consider
to think carefully about a decision or something you might do
“Have you considered surgery?”,
“We’re considering buying a new car.”
brać pod uwagę
consider
to think about particular facts when you are making a decision about something
“If you buy an old house, you have to consider the cost of repairs.”
uważać kogoś/coś za kogoś/coś
consider
to have a particular opinion about someone or something
“I don’t consider myself to be a great athlete.”,
“They don’t consider that he did anything wrong.”
kto
who
used to ask about someone’s name or which person or group someone is talking about
“Who told you?”,
“Who’s that?”
który
who
used at the beginning of a relative clause to show which person or group of people you are talking about
“That’s the man who I saw in the bank.”
który
who
used to give more information about someone
“My brother, who’s only just seventeen, has already passed his driving test.”
artykuł
article
a piece of writing in a magazine, newspaper, etc
artykuł, sztuka
article
an object, especially one of many
“an article of clothing/furniture”
przedimek, rodzajnik
article
in grammar, used to mean the words ‘the’, ‘a’, or ‘an’
(jedna) czwarta , czwarta część, ćwierć, ćwiartka
quarter
one of four equal parts of something; 1/4
“Three quarters of the island’s residents speak English.”,
“My house is one and three-quarter miles/a mile and three-quarters from here.”,
“I waited a quarter of an hour for her.”
kwadrans
quarter
a period of 15 minutes before or after the hour
“It’s (a) quarter to three (= 2.45).”,
“It’s (a) quarter of three (= 2.45).”,
“We’re leaving at (a) quarter past six (= 6.15).”,
“We’re leaving at (a) quarter after six (= 6.15).”
kwartał
quarter
one of four periods of time into which a year is divided for financial calculations such as profits or bills (= orders for payment)
“I get an electricity bill every quarter.”
kwartał, okres (nauczania )
quarter
one of four periods of time into which a year at school is divided
ćwiartka, część
quarter
one of four periods of time into which some sports games are divided
dzielnica, kwartał
quarter
a part of a town, often where people from a particular country or religion live
“the Jewish quarter”
ćwierćdolarówka, 25 centów
quarter
a US or Canadian coin with a value of 25 cents, which is a quarter of a dollar
rzadki
rare
very unusual
“a rare disease/species “,
“It’s very rare to see these birds in England.”
krwisty
rare
If meat is rare, it is still red because it has only been cooked for a short time.
“a rare steak”
korespondent/ka
correspondent
someone who reports news for newspapers, television, or radio, usually from another country
“a correspondent for the New York Times”
korespondent/ka
correspondent
someone who writes letters, usually regularly
mało prawdopodobny
unlikely
not expected to happen
“It’s unlikely that I’ll be able to come to the party.”,
“He’s unlikely to arrive before midday.”
nieprawdopodobny
unlikely
probably not true
“an unlikely explanation”
sport
sport
a game or activity that people do to keep healthy or for enjoyment, often competing against each other
“winter sports”,
“team sports “
sport
sport
all types of physical activity that people do to keep healthy or for enjoyment
“I always enjoyed sport when I was at school.”
paradować w lub z
sport
to wear something, especially something that people notice
“He turned up sporting a bright red baseball cap and sunglasses.”
krytyka
criticism
remarks saying that something or someone is bad
“Plans to close the hospital attracted strong public criticism.”
krytyka
criticism
the activity of giving judgments and opinions on books, plays, movies, etc
“literary criticism”
sposób bycia
manner
the way in which a person talks and behaves with other people
“an aggressive/friendly manner”
sposób
manner
the way something happens or something is done
“They dealt with the problem in a very efficient manner.”,
“He dealt with this case in a completely professional and ethical manner.”
zadowolenie, satysfakcja
satisfaction
the pleasant feeling you have when you get something that you wanted or do something that you wanted to do
“job satisfaction “,
“She smiled with satisfaction.”,
“I had the satisfaction of knowing that I’d done everything I could.”
zgodnie z czyimś życzeniem
satisfaction
as well as someone wants
“He won’t get paid until he completes the job to my satisfaction.”
motywacja
motivation
enthusiasm for doing something
“There is a lack of motivation among the staff.”
motywy , przyczyna
motivation
the need or reason for doing something
“What was the motivation for the attack?”
biegi, bieganie
running
the sport of moving on your feet at a speed faster than walking
“I go running three times a week.”,
“running shoes”
prowadzenie, zarządzanie, eksploatacja
running
the activity of controlling or looking after something
“He has recently handed over the day-to-day running of the museum to his daughter.”,
“running costs “
nieustający
running
continuing for a long time
“a running battle “,
“a running joke “
drugi/trzeci itp. dzień/tydzień itp. z rzędu
running
If something happens for the second/third, etc day/week, etc running, it happens on that number of regular occasions without changing.
“He’s won the Championship for the fifth year running.”
bieżąca woda
running
If a place has running water, it has a working water system.
“They bought an old house with no electricity or running water.”
rachunek
bill
a piece of paper that tells you how much you must pay for something you have bought or for a service you have used
“Have you paid the electricity bill?”
projekt ustawy
bill
a written plan for a law
“Parliament will vote today on whether to pass the reform bill.”
banknot
bill
a piece of paper money
“a five dollar bill”
program
bill
the particular entertainment being shown at a cinema or theatre
dziób
bill
a bird’s beak
być reklamowanym jako coś
bill
to be advertised with a particular description
“The film was billed as a romantic comedy.”
wystawiać rachunek, obciążać
bill
to give or send someone a bill asking for money that they owe for a product or service
“He billed us for the materials.”
brat
brother
a boy or man who has the same parents as you
“an older/younger brother”,
“my big/little brother”
brat
brother
a man who is a member of the same race, religious group, organization, etc
brat
brother
a monk (= man who lives in a male religious group)
“Brother Paul”
przyglądać się, patrzeć
stare
to look at someone or something for a long time and not move your eyes
“Sean was staring at me.”
na
on
on a surface of something
“We put all of our medicine on a high shelf.”,
“Ouch, you’re standing on my foot!”
na
on
in a particular place
“the diagram on page 22”,
“I met her on a ship.”
na, w
on
used to show the way in which something is recorded or performed
“What’s on television tonight?”,
“I bought the CD but you can buy it on cassette.”
o, na
on
used to show what happens as a result of touching something
“I cut myself on a knife.”
o, na temat
on
about
“a book on pregnancy”
na
on
used to show what money or time is used for
“I’ve wasted too much time on this already.”,
“She spends a lot of money on clothes.”
na, przy, nad
on
next to or along the side of
“The post office is on Bateman Street.”
w dniu , w
on
used to show the date or day when something happens
“He’s due to arrive on 14 February.”,
“I’m working on my birthday.”
przez, na
on
using something
“I spoke to Mum on the phone.”,
“I wrote it on my word processor.”
po
on
happening after something and often because of it
“The Prince was informed on his return to the UK.”
w połączeniu z nazwą środka lokomocji tłumaczone często narzędnikiem, np. promem , autobusami itp.
on
used to show some methods of travelling
“Did you go over on the ferry?”,
“Sam loves travelling on buses.”
na
on
used to show something that is used as food, fuel, or a drug
“This radio runs on batteries.”,
“I can’t drink wine because I’m on antibiotics.”
być członkiem rady/komisji itp.
on
to be a member of a group or organization
“She’s on the playgroup committee.”
mieć/nosić coś przy sobie
on
to have something with you
“Do you have your driving licence on you?”
ja/on stawia/m itp.
on
used to show who is paying for something
“This meal is on me.”
nadal, ciągle
on
used to show that an action or event continues
“The old tradition lives on.”,
“It was a complicated situation that dragged on for weeks.”
na sobie, na siebie
on
If you have something on, you are wearing it.
“She’s got a black coat on.”,
“Why don’t you put your new dress on?”
włączony
on
working or being used
“The heating has been on all day.”
do autobusu/pociągu/samolotu itp.
on
into a bus, train, plane, etc
“Amy got on in Stamford.”
w planie , przewidywany, odbywający się, nadawany, grany
on
happening or planned
“I’ve got a lot on at the moment.”,
“Have you checked what’s on at the cinema?”
skutek, wynik, rezultat
result
something that happens or exists because something else has happened
“Unemployment has risen as a direct result of new economic policies.”,
“Most accidents are the result of human error.”
wynik
result
the score or number of votes at the end of a competition or election
“The election results will be known by Sunday.”,
“What was the result of this afternoon’s match?”
wynik
result
information that you get from something such as an exam, a scientific experiment, or a medical test
“She’s waiting for the results of a blood test.”,
“the results of a survey”
wynikać
result
to happen or exist because something else has happened
“There was a food shortage resulting from the lack of rainfall.”
głęboki
deep
having a long distance from the top to the bottom
“The water is a lot deeper than it seems.”
głęboki
deep
having a long distance from the front to the back
“How deep are the shelves?”
głęboki na metr/sześć stóp itp.
deep
one metre/6 ft, etc from the top to the bottom, or from the front to the back
“This end of the pool is two metres deep.”
głęboki
deep
A deep feeling is very strong.
“deep affection/regret”
niski
deep
A deep sound is low.
“a deep voice”
poważny
deep
serious and difficult for most people to understand
“a deep and meaningful conversation”
głęboki sen
deep
sleep that it is difficult to wake someone from
głęboki, ciemny
deep
A deep colour is strong and dark.
“deep brown eyes”
wziąć głęboki oddech
deep
to fill your lungs with air
“Take a deep breath and relax.”
pogrążony w myślach /rozmowie
deep
giving all of your attention to what you are thinking or talking about, and not noticing anything else
głęboko
deep
a long way into something from the top or outside
“They travelled deep into the forest.”,
“She pushed her hands deep into her pockets.”
w głębi duszy lub serca
deep
If you know or feel something deep down, you are certain that it is true, or you feel it strongly although you do not admit it or show it.
“Deep down, I knew that I was right.”
być głęboko zakorzenionym
deep
If a feeling or a problem goes deep, it is very strong or serious and has existed for a long time.
osiągać
achieve
to succeed in doing something good, usually by working hard
“I’ve achieved my ambition”,
“I’ve been working all day but I feel I’ve achieved nothing.”
ktoś, (= z przeczeniem) nikt
anyone
used in questions and negatives to mean ‘a person or people’
“I didn’t know anyone at the party.”,
“Does anyone else (= another person/other people) want to come?”
każdy, ktokolwiek
anyone
any person or any people
“Anyone can go - you don’t have to be invited.”
dokładny
accurate
correct or exact
“accurate information/measurements “,
“She was able to give police a fairly accurate description of the man.”
pilot
pilot
someone who flies an aircraft
mala-rz/rka
painter
someone who paints pictures
malarz
painter
someone whose job is to paint surfaces, such as walls and doors
“a painter and decorator”
zwrot, wyrażenie
phrase
a group of words that are often used together and have a particular meaning
wyrażać, formułować
phrase
to express something by choosing to use particular words
“It might have been better if he had phrased it differently.”
niepokoić, przeszkadzać, zawracać głowę
bother
to annoy someone by trying to get their attention when they do not want to see you or talk to you
“Don’t bother your father when he’s working.”,
“Sorry to bother you, but could you spare any change?”
martwić, przeszkadzać
bother
to make someone feel worried or upset
“Living on my own doesn’t bother me at all.”
fatygować się
bother
to make the effort to do something
“Don’t bother making the bed - I’ll do it later.”,
“He didn’t even bother to call.”
nie chce się komuś
bother
If you can’t be bothered to do something, you are too lazy or tired to do it.
“I can’t be bothered to iron my clothes.”
nieważne
bother
If you are not bothered about something, it is not important to you and does not worry you.
"”Do you want tea or coffee?” “Either, I’m not bothered.””,
“I’m not bothered whether I win or lose.”
kłopot
bother
trouble or problems
"”Are you sure you don’t mind taking me?” “No, it’s no bother, really!””
sojusz
alliance
an agreement between countries or political parties to work together to achieve something
“an alliance between France and Britain”
obóz
camp
an area where people stay in tents for a short time, usually for a holiday
obóz wojskowy/jeniecki/uchodźców itp.
camp
an area containing temporary buildings or tents used for soldiers/prisoners/refugees (= people forced to leave their home), etc
biwakować
camp
to stay in a tent or temporary shelter
“We camped on the beach for two nights.”
przechodzić na emeryturę
retire
to leave your job and stop working, usually because you are old
“She retired from the company in 2010.”
udawać się
retire
to go to another place where you can be alone or more private
“After dinner, he retired to his bedroom.”
film
movie
a film
kino
movie
a cinema, or group of cinemas
“What’s playing at the movies?”,
“Why don’t we go to the movies tonight?”
gatunek
species
a group of plants or animals that share similar characteristics
“a rare species of bird”
krzesło
chair
a seat for one person, with a back, usually four legs, and sometimes two arms
przewodnicząc-y/a
chair
someone who controls a meeting or organization
“All questions should be addressed to the chair.”
katedra, kierownik katedry
chair
a very important position in a university department, or the person who has this position
przewodniczyć
chair
to control a meeting or organization
“I’ve been asked to chair the committee.”
trzeci
third
3rd written as a word
(jedna) trzecia , trzecia część
third
one of three equal parts of something; 1/3
dyplom ukończenia studiów z oceną dostateczną
third
in the UK, one of the lowest exam results you can achieve at the end of a university course
docierać do
reach
to arrive somewhere
“We won’t reach Miami till five or six o’clock.”
sięgać (po lub do), dosięgnąć
reach
to stretch your arm and hand to touch or take something
“Our little girl isn’t tall enough to reach the light switches.”,
“She reached for a cigarette.”,
“She reached down to stroke the dog’s head.”,
“He reached out and grabbed her arm.”
móc dosięgnąć ((do) czegoś )
reach
to be able to touch or take something with your hand
“Could you get that book down for me - I can’t reach.”
sięgać (do)
reach
If something reaches, or reaches something, it is long enough to touch something.
“The rope won’t be long enough to reach the ground.”
osiągać
reach
to get to a particular level, situation, etc
“We hope to reach our goal by May next year.”,
“I’ve reached the point where I’m about to give up.”
podejmować decyzję /osiągać porozumienie/wyciągać wniosek itp.
reach
to make a decision, agreement, etc about something
skontaktować się z, złapać
reach
to speak to someone on the telephone
“You can reach him at home.”
poza czyimś zasięgiem
reach
too far away for someone to take hold of
“I keep the medicines up here, out of the kids’ reach.”
poza czyimś zasięgiem
reach
not possible for someone to have
“With all this money we can buy things previously beyond our reach.”
być w pobliżu ( czegoś )
reach
to be close enough to travel to
“You’ll be within easy reach of London.”
być w zasięgu ( czyjejś ) ręki być w zasięgu ( czyjejś ) ręki
reach
to be close enough for someone to take hold ofpossible for someone to achieve
“The gun lay within reach.”,
“Winning the championship suddenly seemed within their reach.”
wystarczający, dostateczny
adequate
enough
“I didn’t have adequate time to prepare.”
wystarczający, dostateczny
adequate
good enough, but not very good
“The sound quality isn’t exceptional but it’s adequate for everyday use.”
ciąć, przecinać, obcinać
cut
to use a knife or other sharp tool to divide something, remove part of something, or make a hole in something
“Use a pair of scissors to cut the paper.”,
“Cut the meat into small pieces.”,
“He cut the piece of wood in half.”,
“I had my hair cut last week.”,
“Surgeons cut out the tumour.”,
“She cut off all the diseased buds.”,
“These old scissors don’t cut very well.”
obniżać, redukować
cut
to reduce the size or amount of something
“Prices have been cut by 25%.”,
“The company is cutting 50 jobs.”
przeciąć (się w), skaleczyć się w
cut
to injure yourself on a sharp object that makes you bleed
“She cut her finger on a broken glass.”
wycinać
cut
to remove part of a film or piece of writing
“The film was too long so they cut some scenes.”
skaleczenie, rana (cięta )
cut
an injury made when the skin is cut with something sharp
“He suffered cuts and bruises in the accident.”
rozcięcie, nacięcie
cut
an opening made with a sharp tool
“She made a cut in the material.”
cięcie, redukcja
cut
a reduction in the number or amount of something
“tax/job cuts “,
“The workers were angry about the cut in pay.”
płat, kawałek
cut
a piece of meat from a particular part of an animal
“an expensive cut of beef”
udział, działka
cut
a share of something, usually money
“My family owns the company, so we get a cut of the profits.”
wyłączenie energii /prądu itp.
cut
an occasion when the supply of something is stopped
fryzura
cut
the style in which your hair has been cut
relacja, sposób przedstawienia
coverage
the way a newspaper, television programme, etc reports an event or subject
“There is live coverage of the game on cable TV.”
ubezpieczenie
coverage
financial protection so that you get money if something bad happens
chociaż
although
despite the fact that
“She walked home by herself, although she knew it was dangerous.”
chociaż
although
but
“He’s coming this evening, although I don’t know exactly when.”
prezes, dyrektor (naczelny)
CEO
abbreviation for chief executive officer: the person with the most important job in a company
radzić sobie
cope
to deal quite successfully with a difficult situation
“How do you cope with stress?”
w przybliżeniu , około
approximately
close to a particular number or time although not exactly that number or time
“The college has approximately 700 students.”
