Deck 13 Flashcards
twierdzić
claim
a statement that something is true, although you have not proved it
“She claimed that the dog attacked her.”,
“He claims to have seen a ghost.”
przypisywać sobie zasługę/przyznawać się/ogłaszaćsukces itp.
claim
to say that you have done or achieved something
“No one has claimed responsibility for yesterday’s bomb attack.”
domagać się
claim
to ask for something because it belongs to you or you have the right to have it
“She claimed $2,500 in travel expenses.”,
“If no one claims the watch, then you can keep it.”
pochłonąć
claim
If an accident, war, etc claims lives, people are killed because of it.
“The floods claimed over 200 lives.”
twierdzenie
claim
an announcement that something is true, although it has not been proved
“She rejected claims that she had lied.”
roszczenie
claim
an official demand for something you think you have a right to
“a claim for compensation”
prawo
claim
a right to have something
“You don’t have any claim to the land.”
rościć sobie prawo do czegoś
claim
to say that something is yours or that you have done something
głównie
mainly
mostly or to a large degree
“The waitresses are mainly French.”
oceniać, mierzyć
measure
to judge the quality, effect, importance, or value of something
“We will soon be able to measure the results of these policy changes.”,
“They measured the performance of three different engines.”
mierzyć
measure
to find the size, weight, amount, or speed of something
“I’ve measured all the windows.”,
“The distances were measured in kilometres.”
mierzyć
measure
to be a certain size
“a whale measuring around 60 feet in length”
krok, środek
measure
a way of achieving something or dealing with a situation
“This arrangement is only a temporary measure.”,
“We must take preventative measures to stop the spread of the disease.”,
“security measures “
miara czegoś , sprawdzian czegoś
measure
a good way of judging something
“Ticket sales are a good measure of a show’s popularity.”
pewien stopień czegoś
measure
an amount of something
“Bulletproof vests give some measure of protection.”
miara
measure
a way of measuring something
“units of measure such as centimetres, grams and litres”
przygoda
adventure
an exciting and sometimes dangerous experience
“It’s a film about the adventures of two friends travelling across Africa.”
wspominać (o)
mention
to briefly speak or write about something or someone
“I’ll mention your ideas to Caroline.”,
“She didn’t mention her daughter.”,
“He mentioned that he liked skydiving.”
nie mówiąc o
mention
used to emphasize the importance of something that you are adding to a list
“The resort has great hotels and restaurants, not to mention some of the best skiing in the region.”
wzmianka
mention
a brief remark
“The report made no mention of the problem.”
schron, schronisko, wiata
shelter
a place that protects you from bad weather or danger
“a bomb shelter”
schronienie
shelter
protection from bad weather or danger
“We took shelter from the rain in a doorway.”
schronić się przed/w/pod itp.
shelter
to go under a cover or inside a building to be protected from bad weather or danger
“They went under a tree to shelter from the rain.”
udzielać schronienia
shelter
to provide cover or protection for someone
“Many households are already sheltering refugees.”
psychiczny, psychologiczny
psychological
relating to the human mind and feelings
“psychological problems”
mleko
milk
a white liquid produced by women and other female animals, such as cows, for feeding their babies
“a carton of milk”,
“a milk bottle”,
“breast milk”
wykorzystywać, wyciągać od
milk
to get as much money or as many advantages as possible from a person or situation
“She milked her grandfather for all his savings.”
doić
milk
to take milk from a cow using your hands or a machine
historia, opowieść, opowiadanie
story
a description of a series of real or imaginary events which is intended to entertain people
“a horror/detective story”,
“the story of the revolution”,
“Tell us a story, Grandpa.”,
“She reads stories to the children every night.”
temat
story
a report in a newspaper, magazine, or news programme
“Today’s main story is the hurricane in Texas.”
wyjaśnienie, historia
story
an explanation of why something happened, which may not be true
“Did he tell you the same story about why he was late?”
-
story
US spelling of storey
pisa-rz/rka
writer
someone whose job is writing books, stories, articles, etc
żydowski
Jewish
relating or belonging to the Jews
“Jewish history/law”
zakres, wachlarz, asortyment
range
a group of different things of the same general type
“a range of colours/patterns”,
“We discussed a wide range of subjects.”
przedział
range
the amount or number between a particular set of limits
“The price range is from $100 to $200.”,
“The product is aimed at young people in the 18-25 age range.”
zasięg, odległość
range
the distance from which things can be seen, heard, or reached
“The soldiers came within firing range.”,
“He was shot at close range (= from very near).”
łańcuch
range
a line of hills or mountains
strzelnica
range
a place where you can practise shooting a gun
“a rifle/shooting range “
wahać się lub być dostępnym (począwszy) od czegoś do czegoś lub po coś
range
to have several different amounts or types
“Tickets range from $12 to $35.”,
“Choose from 13 colours, ranging from classic white to antique blue.”
obejmować
range
to deal with a large number of subjects
“The discussion ranged over many topics.”
drogi, kosztowny
expensive
costing a lot of money
“expensive jewellery”,
“It’s too expensive to go out every night.”
nagi, odsłonięty
naked
not wearing clothes or not covered by anything
“a naked thigh/shoulder”,
“He was stark naked (= completely naked).”
nieskrywany
naked
A naked feeling or quality is not hidden, although it is bad.
“naked aggression “
gołe oko, ≈ gołym okiem
naked
If something can be seen by the naked eye, it is big enough to be seen without special equipment.
męski, płci męskiej
male
belonging to or relating to the sex that cannot have babies
“a male colleague”
mężczyzna, samiec
male
a male person or animal
“In 1987, 27 percent of adult males smoked.”
(dobra ) koniunktura
boom
a period when there is a big increase in sales or profits
“an economic boom “,
“The 1990’s saw a boom in computer sales.”
grzmot
boom
a loud, deep sound
zwyżkować
boom
If something is booming, it is increasing or becoming more successful or popular very quickly.
“House prices are booming.”
grzmieć
boom
to make a loud, deep sound, or to speak in a loud, deep voice
wielkość, rozmiary
size
how big or small something is
“It’s an area about the size of Oxford.”,
“The size of some of those trees is incredible (= they are very large).”
rozmiar
size
one of the different measurements in which things, for example clothes, food containers, etc are made
“a size 10 skirt”,
“What size shoes do you take?”,
“I usually buy the 1.5 litre size.”
bukiet, pęk, kiść
bunch
a number of things of the same type that are joined or held together
“He handed me a bunch of flowers. “
paczka
bunch
a group of people
“His friends are a nice bunch.”
sporo czegoś
bunch
a large amount or number of something
“There’s a whole bunch of places I’d like to visit.”
pani
Mrs
a title for a married woman, used before her family name or full name
“Hello, Mrs. Jones.”,
“Please send your application to the finance director, Mrs Laura Fox.”
związek, stosunek
relationship
the way two people or groups feel and behave towards each other
“He has a very good relationship with his older sister.”
związek
relationship
a sexual or romantic friendship
“I don’t feel ready for a relationship at the moment.”
związek
relationship
a connection between two or more things
“the relationship between sunburn and skin cancer”
podanie, wniosek
application
an official request for something, usually in writing
“an application for a bank loan”
zastosowanie
application
a way in which something can be used for a particular purpose
“This technology has many practical applications.”
aplikacja
application
a computer program designed for a particular purpose
“internet/web/Windows™ application”
rozsądek, przytomność umysłu
sense
good judgment, especially about practical things
“He had the good sense to book a seat in advance.”
wyczucie, zmysł
sense
the ability to do something
“a sense of direction”,
“good business sense “
zmysł
sense
one of the five natural abilities of sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste
“I have a very poor sense of smell.”
poczucie humoru
sense
the ability to understand funny things and to be funny yourself
poczucie lojalności /odpowiedzialności /bezpieczeństwa itp.
sense
the quality or feeling of being loyal, responsible, safe, etc
“He has absolutely no sense of loyalty.”,
“Driving along in a comfortable car can give you a false sense of security.”
znaczenie, sens
sense
the meaning of a word, phrase, or sentence
w pewnym sensie
sense
thinking about something in a particular way
“In a sense, he’s right.”
mieć sensmieć sens
sense
to have a meaning or reason that you can understandto be a good thing to do
“He’s written me this note but it doesn’t make any sense.”,
“It makes sense to buy now while prices are low.”
zrozumieć coś
sense
to understand something that is difficult to understand
“I’m trying to make sense of this document.”
wyczuć
sense
to understand what someone is thinking or feeling without being told about it
“I sensed that you weren’t happy about this.”
możliwy
possible
If something is possible, it can happen or be done.
“Is it possible to speak to the manager please?”,
“The operation will make it possible for her to walk without crutches.”,
“I’ll send it today, if possible.”
możliwy
possible
If something is possible, it might or might not exist or be true.
“possible safety problems”,
“It’s possible that the tapes were stolen.”
jak najwięcej/najszybciej/najwcześniej itp.
possible
as much/quickly/soon, etc as something can happen or be done
“I’ll go as soon as possible.”
najlepszy/najtańszy/najgorszy itp. z możliwych
possible
the best/cheapest/worst, etc that can happen or exist
“the shortest possible time”
różowy
pink
being a pale red colour
“pretty, pink flowers”
jeździć (na)
ride
to travel by sitting on a horse, bicycle, or motorcycle and controlling it
“I ride my bike to work.”,
“She taught me to ride (= to ride a horse).”
jechać
ride
to travel in a vehicle as a passenger
“I’ve told her not to ride the subway at night.”
jazda, podwiezienie
ride
a journey in a vehicle or train
“Can I give you a ride to the station?”
przejażdżka
ride
a journey riding a bicycle, motorcycle, or horse
“He’s gone out for a ride on his bike.”
karuzela
ride
a machine at a fair (= event outdoors) that moves people up and down, round in circles, etc as they sit in it
regionalny
regional
relating to a region (= particular area in a country)
“a regional dialect/newspaper”
misja
mission
an important job, usually travelling somewhere
“I’ll be going on a fact-finding mission to Paris next week.”
misja
mission
an official group of people who are sent somewhere, usually to discover information about something
“a trade mission”
misja
mission
an important journey that a spacecraft or military aircraft goes on
misja
mission
someone’s duty or purpose in life
“Her mission in life was to help the poor.”
umożliwiać
enable
to make someone able to do something, or to make something possible
“This money has enabled me to buy a new computer.”
dyskutować
discuss
to talk about something with someone and tell each other your ideas or opinions
“Have you discussed this matter with anyone else?”
śmiać się
laugh
to smile while making sounds with your voice that show you are happy or think something is funny
“You never laugh at my jokes.”,
“She really makes me laugh.”,
“It’s very rare that a book is so good you laugh out loud.”,
“It was so funny, we burst out laughing (= laughed suddenly and loudly).”
śmiech
laugh
the act or sound of laughing
“a loud/nervous laugh”,
“At the time, I was embarrassed, but I had a good laugh (= laughed a lot) about it later.”
być (naprawdę) wesołym
laugh
to be funny
“You’d like David - he’s a good laugh.”,
““How was the party?” “Oh, it was a real laugh.””
dla żartu
laugh
If you do something for a laugh, you do it because you think it will be funny.
“Just for a laugh, I pretended that I’d forgotten it was his birthday.”
operacja
operation
If you have an operation, a doctor cuts your body to remove or repair part of it.
“a heart/lung operation”,
“a major/minor operation “,
“My son’s got to have an operation.”
przedsiębiorstwo, firma, instytucja
operation
an organization or business
“a large commercial operation”
przedsięwzięcie, działalność, operacja
operation
an activity that is intended to achieve a particular purpose
“a military/peacekeeping operation”,
“a joint operation by French and Spanish police”,
“an operation to smuggle drugs into Britain”
w użyciu , stosowany, działający
operation
If a machine or system is in operation, it is working or being used.
“The new rail link is now in operation.”,
“Most of the machines are now back in operation.”
nagranie, zapis
recording
sounds or moving pictures that have been recorded, or the process of recording
“a recording of classical music”,
“a new system of digital recording”
szkoła
school
a place where children go to be educated
“Which school do you go to?”,
“I ride my bike to school.”
szkoła
school
the time that you spend at school
“I like school.”,
“We’re going shopping after school.”,
“I started school when I was five.”
szkoła
school
all the students and teachers at a school
“The whole school took part in the project.”
szkoła tańca /języków (obcych )/szkółka jeździecka itp.
school
a place where you can study a particular subject
wydział, instytut
school
a part of a college or university
“the University of Cambridge Medical School”
uczelnia, studia
school
in the US, any college or university, or the time you spend there
“Which schools did you apply to?”
ławica
school
a group of fish or other sea animals
tytuł
title
the name of a book, film, etc
tytuł
title
what you get if you win an important sports competition
“He won the 2010 world motor racing title.”
tytuł
title
a word such as ‘Lord’, ‘Dr’, etc that is used before someone’s name
odważyć się coś zrobić
dare
to be brave enough to do something
“I didn’t dare tell Dad that I’d scratched his car.”
rzucać komuś wyzwanie do zrobienia czegoś
dare
to try to make someone do something dangerous
“She dared her friend to climb onto the roof.”
nie waż się
dare
used to tell someone angrily not to do something
“Don’t you dare hit your sister!”
jak śmie/śmiesz itp.
dare
used to express anger about something someone has done
“How dare you talk to me like that!”
zaryzykowałbym twierdzenie (że)
dare
used when you think that something is probably true or will probably happen
“I dare say she’ll change her mind.”
wyzwanie
dare
something that you do to prove that you are not afraid
“She climbed down the cliff for a dare.”
zapytanie, pytanie
inquiry
a question that you ask when you want more information
“The company has received a lot of inquiries about its new Internet service.”
dochodzenie
inquiry
an official process to discover the facts about something bad that has happened
“There will be an official inquiry into the train crash.”
dochodzenie
inquiry
the process of asking questions in order to get information
wiatr
wind
a natural, fast movement of air
“The weather forecast said there would be strong winds and rain.”
wiatry
wind
gas or air in your stomach that makes you feel uncomfortable and sometimes makes noises
zwietrzyć coś , dowiedzieć się o czymś
wind
to discover something that is intended to be a secret
“Dad got wind of our plans for a party.”
złapać oddech
wind
to breathe easily again, for example after you have been running
pozbawiać tchu
wind
to make someone have difficulty breathing, often by hitting them in the stomach
owijać coś wokół/dookoła itp.
wind
to turn or twist something long and thin around something else several times
“She wound the rope around the tree.”
nakręcać zegar/zabawkę/zegarek itp.
wind
to make a clock/toy/watch, etc work by turning a small handle or button several times
“Did you remember to wind the alarm clock?”
wić się wzdłuż/po/przez itp.
wind
If a river, road, etc winds somewhere, it bends a lot and is not straight.
“The path winds along the edge of the bay.”
przykład
example
something that is typical of the group of things that you are talking about
“This is a good example of medieval Chinese architecture.”
na przykład
example
used to give an example of what you are talking about
“Some people, students for example, can get cheaper tickets.”
przykład
example
someone or something that is very good and should be copied
“He is a very good example to the rest of the class.”
dawać (dobry) przykład
example
to behave in a way that other people should copy
egzekwować
enforcement
to make people obey a rule or law
“It is the duty of the police to enforce the law.”
wprowadzać (w życie), egzekwować, wymuszać
enforcement
to make a particular situation happen, or to make people accept it
“The new teacher failed to enforce discipline.”
ilustrować, pokazywać
illustrate
to give more information or examples to explain or prove something
“to illustrate a point/problem”,
“This new discovery illustrates how little we know about early human history.”
ilustrować
illustrate
to draw pictures for a book, magazine, etc
“an illustrated children’s book”
przypadek
case
a particular situation or example of something
“People were imprisoned, and, in some cases, killed for their beliefs.”,
“We usually ask for references, but in your case it will not be necessary.”,
“The whole film is based on a case of mistaken identity.”
sprawa
case
something that is decided in a court of law
“a libel/criminal/divorce case”,
“He lost his case.”
przypadek
case
a crime that police are trying to solve
“a murder case”,
“Police in the town have investigated 50 cases of burglary in the past month.”
przypadek
case
an illness, or someone with an illness
“4,000 new cases of the disease are diagnosed every year.”
mieć miejsce
case
to be true
“Bad diet can cause tiredness, but I don’t think that’s the case here.”
argumenty
case
facts or reasons that prove a particular opinion
“There is a strong case for/against bringing in the new legislation.”,
“He put the case for more funding very convincingly.”
kasetka, pojemnik
case
a container for storing or protecting something
“a pencil case”,
“a cigarette case”,
“The statues are kept in a glass case.”
walizka
case
another word for suitcase (= a rectangular bag or container with a handle which you use for carrying clothes in when you are travelling)
na wszelki wypadek
case
because something might happen, or might have happened
“I don’t think that it’s going to rain, but I’ll bring a raincoat just in case.”
i tak, tak czy siak
case
used to give another reason for something that you are saying, or that you have done
“I don’t want to go skiing and, in any case, I can’t afford it.”
w takim razie
case
because that is the situation/if that is the situation
"”Peter’s coming tonight.” “Oh, in that case, I’ll stay in.””
pozostaje tylko coś
case
to be necessary to do something
“We know that we’re right. It’s just a case of proving it.”
na wypadek czegoś
case
when something happens, or in preparation for when something happens
“We keep a bucket of water backstage, in case of fire.”
przypadek (= gramatyczny)
case
any of the various types to which a noun can belong, depending on what it is doing in the sentence, usually shown by a particular ending
(dziś) wieczorem
tonight
the night of this day, or during the night of this day
“What are you doing tonight?”,
“I’m looking forward to tonight.”
helikopter, śmigłowiec
helicopter
an aircraft that flies using long, thin parts on top of it that turn round and round very fast
nastolat-ek/ka
adolescent
a young person who is between being a child and an adult
zamierzać
intend
to want and plan to do something
“Unfortunately the meeting took longer than we intended.”,
“How long are you intending to stay in Paris?”,
“I don’t intend seeing him again.”
być przeznaczonym dla kogoś /na coś
intend
to be made, designed, or provided for a particular person or purpose
“The book is intended for anyone who wants to learn more about the Internet.”
część
portion
a part of something
“A large portion of their profits go straight back into new projects.”
porcja
portion
the amount of food served to one person, especially in a restaurant
“Breakfast was delicious - and the portions were huge!”
zyskać, uzyskać
gain
to get something useful or positive
“The country gained independence in 1948.”,
“You’ll gain a lot of experience working there.”
skorzystać na czymś
gain
to get an advantage or something valuable from something
“Who stands to gain from the will?”
nabierać, przybierać na
gain
to increase in something such as size, weight, or amount
“He’s gained a lot of weight in the last few months.”
spieszyć się
gain
If a clock or a watch gains, it works too quickly and shows a time that is later than the real time.
zysk
gain
something useful or positive that you get
“financial gain “
wzrost
gain
an increase in something such as size, weight, or amount
nieruchomość, nieruchomości
property
a building or area of land
“There are several properties for sale in this area.”,
“Private property - no parking.”,
“a property developer “
własność, majątek
property
objects that belong to someone
“The police recovered a large amount of stolen property.”
cecha, własność
property
a quality of something
“the medicinal properties of wild plants”
rozmowa
conversation
a talk between two or more people, usually an informal one
“a telephone conversation”,
“We had a conversation about football.”
temat
topic
a subject that you talk or write about
doskonały, perfekcyjny
perfect
without fault, or as good as possible
“James is a perfect husband and father.”,
“Her performance was perfect.”
idealny
perfect
exactly right for someone or something
“You’d be perfect for the job.”,
“The weather’s just perfect for a picnic.”,
“These shoes are a perfect fit.”
zupełny
perfect
used to emphasize a noun
“His suggestion makes perfect sense.”
doskonalić
perfect
to make something as good as it can be
“I’ve spent hours perfecting my speech.”
czas dokonany
perfect
the form of the verb that is used to show an action that has happened in the past or before another time or event. In English, the perfect is made with ‘have’ and a past participle.
łyżeczka (do herbaty)
teaspoon
a small spoon that is used for mixing drinks and measuring small amounts of food, or the amount this spoon can hold
uważać za
regard
to think of someone or something in a particular way
“She is generally regarded as one of the greatest singers this century.”,
“The plans were regarded with suspicion.”
przyglądać się
regard
to look carefully at someone or something
szacunek, uznanie
regard
respect or admiration for someone or something
“I have the greatest regard for her.”
w związku z czymś
regard
relating to something
“I am writing in regard to your letter of 24 June.”
Palestyna
Palestinian
a region in the Middle East (= the area where Africa, Asia, and Europe meet)
poziom
level
the height of something
“the water level”
poziom
level
the amount or number of something
“The level of iron in her blood was too low.”,
“Chess requires a high level of concentration.”
poziom
level
someone’s ability compared to other people
“Students at this level need a lot of help.”
kondygnacja
level
a floor in a building
“The store had three levels.”
równy, na tym samym poziomie
level
at the same height
“I got down till my face was level with his.”
poziomy
level
flat or horizontal
“Make sure the camera is level before you take the picture.”
wyrównywać
level
to make something flat
“He levelled the wet cement before it set.”
zrównać z ziemią
level
to completely destroy a building
“Artillery fire levelled the town.”
tak, taki
so
used before an adjective or adverb to emphasize what you are saying, especially when there is a particular result
“I was so tired when I got home.”,
“I love her so much.”,
“I was so upset that I couldn’t speak.”
że tak
so
used to give a short answer to a question to avoid repeating a phrase
"”Is Ben coming to the party?” “I hope so.””
my/ja/mój itp. też
so
used to say that someone else also does something or that the same thing is true about someone or something else
"”We went to the cinema last night.” “Oh, so did we.””
to co, więc
so
used to get someone’s attention when you are going to ask them a question or when you are going to start talking
“So, when are you two going to get married?”
tak, taki
so
used with a movement of your hand to show someone how to do something or show them the size of something
“The box was so big.”,
“For this exercise, you have to put your hands like so.”
rzeczywiście
so
used to agree with something that you had not noticed before
"”The cat’s hiding under the chair.” “So it is.””
plus minus, jakieś
so
used after a number or amount to show that it is not exact
"”How many people were at the party?” “Fifty or so, I guess.””
A nie mówił-em/am ?
so
used to say that you were right and that someone should have believed you
Co z tego?, No to co?
so
used to say that you do not think something is important, especially in a rude way
"”She might tell Emily.” “So what?””
i tak dalej
so
used after a list of things to show that you could have added other similar things
“She plays a lot of tennis and squash and so on.”
żeby (nie)
so
used to give the reason for doing something
“He went in very quietly so as not to wake the baby.”
tylko tyle
so
used to say that there are limits to something
“There’s only so much help you can give someone.”
oto co nam przyszło z …, tyle jest wart …
so
used to say that something has not been useful or successful
"”The computer’s crashed again.” “So much for modern technology.””
więc
so
used to say that something is the reason why something else happens
“I was tired so I went to bed.”,
“Greg had some money so he bought a bike.”
żeby
so
in order to make something happen or be possible
“He put his glasses on so that he could see the television better.”
to, więc
so
used at the beginning of a sentence to connect it with something that was said or happened previously
“So we’re not going away this weekend after all?”
to prawda
so
to be correct or true
"”Apparently, she’s moving to Canada.” “Is that so?””
gabinet
cabinet
a group of people in a government who are chosen by and who advise the highest leader
“a Cabinet minister/member “
szafka
cabinet
a cupboard with shelves or drawers to store or show things in
“a bathroom/medicine cabinet “
naczynie, półmisek
dish
a curved container for eating or serving food from
“a baking/serving dish”
danie
dish
food that is prepared in a particular way as part of a meal
“a chicken/vegetarian dish”
naczynia
dish
dirty plates, bowls, and other objects for cooking or eating food
“Who’s going to wash the dishes?”
też, także
also
in addition
“She speaks French and also a little Spanish.”,
“The book also has a chapter on grammar.”
przenosić, przelewać
transfer
to move someone or something from one place to another
“She was later transferred to a different hospital.”,
“I’ll transfer some money into my other account.”
przenosić (się)
transfer
to change to a different job, team, place of work, etc, or to make someone do this
“After a year he transferred to University College, Dublin.”
przenosić, przepisywać
transfer
to change who owns or controls something
“We had all the documents transferred to my name.”
ktoś
somebody
another word for someone
deska
board
a long, thin, flat piece of wood
“He nailed some boards across the broken window.”
deska
board
a flat piece of wood, plastic, etc used for a particular purpose
“an ironing board “,
“a chopping board “
tablica
board
a piece of wood, plastic, etc on a wall, where information can be put
“Have you seen the poster on the board?”
tablica
board
a surface on the wall of a school room that the teacher writes on
“Copy down the sentences from the board.”
plansza
board
a piece of wood, cardboard, etc for playing games on
“a chess board”
zarząd, rada
board
a group of people who officially control a company or organization, or a particular type of business activity
“The board approved the sales plan.”
na pokładzie
board
on a boat, train, aircraft, etc
wyżywienie
board
meals that are provided when you stay in a hotel
“bed and board”,
“How much is a single room with full board (= all meals)?”
wsiadać (do)
board
to get on a bus, boat, aircraft, etc
“He boarded the train to London.”
przyjmować pasażerów na pokład
board
If an aircraft, train, etc is boarding, passengers are getting onto it.
“The plane is now boarding at gate 26.”
odpowiadać za kogoś/coś , być odpowiedzialnym za kogoś/coś
responsible
to be the person whose duty is to deal with someone or something
“I’m responsible for looking after the children in the evenings.”
ponosić odpowiedzialność za coś
responsible
to be the person who caused something to happen, especially something bad
“Who was responsible for the accident?”
odpowiedzialny
responsible
showing good judgment and able to be trusted
“a hard-working and responsible employee”,
“a responsible attitude”
odpowiedzialny
responsible
A responsible job is important because you have to make decisions that affect other people.
podlegać komuś
responsible
If you are responsible to someone at work, they are in a higher position than you and you have to tell them what you have done.
porozumienie, komunikacja
communication
the act of communicating with other people
“The school is improving communication between teachers and parents.”,
“We are in direct communication with Moscow.”
wiadomość
communication
a message sent to someone by letter, email, telephone, etc
wzrost, rozwój
growth
the process of growing, increasing, or developing
“population growth”,
“A balanced diet is essential for healthy growth.”
narośl
growth
something that grows on your skin or inside your body, that should not be there
małżeństwo
marriage
the legal relationship of a man and a woman being a husband and a wife
“a happy marriage “
małżeństwo, ślub
marriage
the ceremony where people become a husband and a wife
“a marriage ceremony/certificate”
nastolat-ek/ka
teenager
someone who is between 13 and 19 years old
rano
AM
used to refer to a time between 12 o’clock in the night and 12 o’clock in the day
“We’re open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily.”
jestem
AM
present simple I of be
AM
AM
abbreviation for amplitude modulation; a system of radio signals used for broadcasting programmes
dostarczać, zaopatrywać
provide
to supply something to someone
“This booklet provides useful information about local services.”,
“It’s a new scheme to provide schools with free computers.”
rozdział
chapter
one of the parts that a book is divided into
rozdział
chapter
a period of time when something happens in history or in someone’s life
“an interesting chapter in Spanish history”
zachęcać, pobudzać
encourage
to make someone more likely to do something, or make something more likely to happen
“My parents encouraged me to try new things.”,
“Cutting back plants will encourage growth.”
wspierać, zachęcać
encourage
to give someone confidence or hope
“My parents encouraged me when things weren’t going well at school.”
z imiesłowem biernym tworzy konstrukcję present perfect
have
used with the past participle of another verb to form the present and past perfect tenses
“Have you seen Roz?”,
“I’ve passed my test.”,
“He hasn’t visited London before.”,
“It would have been better to tell the truth.”,
“He’s been working in France for two years now.”,
“I had met his wife before.”
musieć coś zrobić
have
to need to do something or be forced to do something
“I have to go to Berlin tomorrow.”,
“Do we have to finish this today?”,
“They’ve had to change their plans.”
musieć coś zrobić
have
used when you are telling someone how to do something
“You’ve got to type in your name, then your password.”
musieć, (= być, stać się)
have
used to say that you feel certain that something is true or will happen
“Interest rates have to come down at some point.”,
“There’s (= there has) got to be a better way of doing this.”
mieć
have
to own something
“I have two horses.”,
“Laura has got beautiful blue eyes.”
mieć
have
used to say that someone is holding something, or that someone or something is with them
“He had a pen in his hand.”,
“She had a small child with her.”
mieć
have
If you have a particular illness, you are suffering from it.
“Have you ever had the measles?”
zjeść, napić się
have
to eat or drink something
“We are having dinner at 7 o’clock.”,
“Can I have a drink of water?”
wykąpać/przespać/przespacerować się itp.
have
used with nouns to say that someone does something
“Can I have a quick shower?”,
“Let Mark have a try.”
mieć trudności /przyjemność/problemy
have
used with nouns to say that someone experiences something
“We had a great time in Barcelona.”
mieć lub rodzić dziecko
have
to give birth to a baby
(dać lub kazać) coś zrobić
have
If you have something done, someone does it for you.
“I’m having my hair cut tomorrow.”,
“We had the carpets cleaned.”
nagły wypadek, sytuacja awaryjna
emergency
a serious or dangerous situation that needs immediate action
“You should only call this number in an emergency.”,
“an emergency exit “
coraz (bardziej lub częściej)
increasingly
more and more
“increasingly important”,
“Increasingly, education is seen as a right, not a privilege.”
Boże Narodzenie, Święta (Bożego Narodzenia )
Christmas
the Christian period of celebration around 25 December, when Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ and people give each other presents, or the day itself
“We’re going to my mother’s for Christmas.”,
“Merry Christmas! “,
“Christmas dinner”
film
video
an electronic recording of moving images, for example a film or TV programme, that can be watched on television, a computer, a camera, etc.
“Caroline and Yann showed us their wedding video last night.”
kaseta (wideo)
video
a film or television programme recorded on videotape
“a copy of ‘Lord of the Rings’ on video”
wideo, magnetowid
video
a machine that you use for recording a television programme or watching a video
filmować
video
to film something using a video camera
nagrywać (na wideo)
video
to record a television program using a video recorder
mnóstwo, pełno
lot
a large number or amount of people or things
“There were a lot of people outside the building.”,
“He earns lots of money.”,
“I’ve got a lot to do this morning.”
znacznie lepszy/starszy/szybszy itp.
lot
much better/older/quicker, etc
“It’s a lot better than the old system.”,
“It’s a lot quicker by train.”
wszystko, wszyscy
lot
all of an amount or number
“I made enough curry for three people and he ate the lot.”,
“I’m sick of the lot of them.”
partia, grupa
lot
a group of people or things that you deal with together
“I’ve already done one lot of washing.”,
“I’ll recycle the next lot of newspaper.”
teren, działka
lot
an area of land
“a parking lot”,
“an empty lot”
pozycja (katalogowa )
lot
something being sold at an auction (= sale where things are sold to the people who pay the most)
“Lot 3: a Victorian chest.”
czyjś los
lot
the quality of someone’s life and the type of experiences they have
“They’ve done much to improve the lot of working people.”
sznurek
string
very thin rope used for tying things
“a ball of string”
struna
string
a piece of wire that is part of a musical instrument
“guitar strings”
sznur korali /pereł
string
a set of decorative things joined together on a thread, worn as jewellery
seria czegoś , szereg czegoś
string
a number of similar things
“a string of questions”,
“As a writer, she’s enjoyed a string of successes.”
rozwieszać
string
to hang something somewhere with string
“They had strung flags across the entrance to welcome us home.”
western
western
a film or story that happens in the west of the US at the time when Europeans started living there
wujek, wuj
uncle
the brother of your mother or father, or the husband of your aunt
koniec
end
the final part of something such as a period of time, activity, or story
“I’ll pay you at the end of next month.”,
“I didn’t meet him until the end of the course.”,
“a film with a twist at the end”
koniec
end
the furthest part or final part of a place or thing
“They live at the other end of the street.”,
“They were standing at opposite ends of the room.”
koniec, kres
end
the time when something stops happening
“They are calling for an end to the violence.”
w końcu
end
finally, after something has been thought about or discussed a lot
“We thought we might go abroad for Christmas, but in the end we stayed at home.”
zakończyć się
end
to finish
położyć czemuś kres
end
to make something stop happening or existing
“He’s determined to put an end to these rumours.”
położyć czemuś kres
end
to make something finish
“The stories in the newspaper brought her career to a sudden end.”
mnóstwo
end
a lot
“I’ve had no end of trouble finding a hotel room.”
całymi godzinami /dniami itp.
end
for hours/days, etc without stopping
“He waited by the telephone for hours on end.”
cel
end
an intention or purpose
“She only has one end in mind.”
kończyć (się), zakończyć (się)
end
to finish or stop, or to make something finish or stop
“What time does the concert end?”,
“These talks do not look likely to end the war.”
papier
paper
thin, flat material used for writing on, covering things in, etc
“a piece/sheet of paper”
gazeta
paper
a newspaper
“I buy a paper every morning.”
egzamin (pisemny)
paper
an examination
“Candidates must answer two questions from each paper.”
artykuł, referat
paper
a piece of writing about a particular subject written by someone who has been studying that subject
“She’s just published a paper on language acquisition.”
tapetować
paper
to decorate the walls of a room by covering them with paper
bezpieczny, pewny
secure
not likely to fail or be lost
“a secure investment/job”
bezpieczny
secure
safe from danger
“I don’t feel that the house is secure.”
bezpieczny
secure
confident about yourself and the situation that you are in
“I need to feel secure in a relationship.”
zabezpieczony
secure
firmly fastened and not likely to fall or break
“Check that all windows and doors are secure.”
uzyskać, osiągać
secure
to achieve something, after a lot of effort
“to secure the release of hostages”
zabezpieczać, przymocować
secure
to fasten something firmly
“He secured the bike to the gate.”
zabezpieczać
secure
to make something safe
niezależność, samodzielność
independence
the quality of being able to look after yourself and not need money, help, or permission from other people
“My parents gave me a lot of independence.”,
“Many old people are afraid of losing their independence.”
niepodległość
independence
a situation in which a country has its own government and is not ruled by another country
“Mexico gained its independence from Spain in l821.”
bardzo
very
used to emphasize an adjective or adverb
“She was very pleased.”,
“Marie speaks very slowly.”,
“Thank you very much.”
niezbyt dobry/wysoki/szczęśliwy itp.
very
not good/happy, etc
“The film wasn’t very good.”
(ten) sam, właśnie ten
very
used to emphasize a noun
“This is the very house where we stayed.”
zdarzyć się, wydarzyć się, dziać się
happen
If an event or situation happens, it exists or starts to be done, usually by chance.
“Were you anywhere nearby when the accident happened?”,
“We can’t let a mistake like this happen again.”
stać się, zdarzyć się
happen
to be the result of an action, situation, or event that someone or something experiences
“Did you hear what happened to Jamie last night?”,
“What happens if we can’t get enough tickets?”
przypadkiem coś zrobić
happen
to do something by chance
“If you happen to see Peter, say “hi” for me.”,
“You don’t happen to know her phone number, do you?”
tak się składa , że
happen
something that you say in order to introduce a surprising fact
“As it happens, her birthday is the day after mine.”
przyroda, natura
nature
all the plants, creatures, substances, and forces that exist in the universe, which are not made by people
“the laws of nature”,
“I like to get out and enjoy nature.”,
“a nature trail”
natura, charakter
nature
someone’s character
“I didn’t think it was in his nature to behave like that.”
natura, charakter, rodzaj
nature
type
“What exactly is the nature of your business?”,
“I don’t like hunting and things of that nature.”
nagłówek
headline
the title of a newspaper story that is printed in large letters above it
“a front-page headline “
skrót wiadomości, najważniejsze wiadomości
headline
the main stories in newspapers, on television, etc
“The story hit the headlines the very next day.”
presja, naciski
pressure
attempts to make someone do something by arguing, persuading, etc
“public/political pressure “,
“Teachers are under increasing pressure to work longer hours.”,
“The government is facing pressure from environmental campaigners.”
stres
pressure
difficult situations that make you feel worried or unhappy
“the pressures of work”,
“He’s been under a lot of pressure recently.”
ciśnienie
pressure
the force that a liquid or gas produces when it presses against an area
“water pressure “
nacisk, ucisk
pressure
the force that you produce when you push something
wywierać na kogoś presję lub nacisk
pressure
to try to force someone to do something
“They’re putting pressure on me to make a decision.”
naciskać na, wywierać presję lub nacisk na
pressure
to try to force someone to do something
“We will not be pressured into making a decision.”
liść
leaf
a flat, green part of a plant that grows from a stem or branch
“an oak leaf”,
“a lettuce leaf”,
“the falling leaves”
rodzina
family
a group of people who are related to each other, such as a mother, a father, and their children
“Is your family coming to the graduation ceremony?”,
“Her UK family are/ US family is originally from Ireland.”,
“a family business”
dzieci
family
the children in a family
“Single parents have to raise a family on their own.”,
“Paul and Alison are hoping to start a family soon.”
rodzina
family
a group of similar types of plants or animals that are related to each other
bezpośrednio
directly
with no other person or thing involved or between
“Why don’t you speak to him directly?”
bezpośrednio po/za/dokładnie naprzeciwko itp.
directly
exactly or immediately after/behind/opposite, etc
“She was sitting directly opposite me.”
wprost
directly
clearly and honestly
“Let me answer that question directly.”
łódź, łódka, statek
boat
a vehicle for travelling on water
“a fishing boat”
ewolucja
evolution
the way in which living things gradually change and develop over millions of years
“Darwin’s theory of evolution”
ewolucja, rozwój
evolution
a gradual process of change and development
“the evolution of language”
malutki, maleńki
tiny
extremely small
“a tiny baby”,
“a tiny little room”
niepodległy, niezależny
independent
not controlled or ruled by anyone else
“an independent state/company”,
“The group is independent of any political party.”
niezależny, samodzielny
independent
not wanting or needing anyone else to help you or do things for you
“She’s a proud, independent woman.”
niezależny
independent
not influenced by anyone or anything else
“an independent expert/study”
niezależny
independent
a politician who does not belong to a political party
różnica, rozróżnienie
distinction
a difference between two similar things
“the distinction between spoken and written language”
szczególna cecha, wyróżnienie
distinction
a quality or fact that makes someone or something special or different
“wines of distinction”,
“He has the distinction of being the youngest player in the World Cup finals.”
niepełnosprawność, kalectwo
disability
an illness, injury, or condition that makes it difficult for someone to do the things that other people do
“They need to improve access for people with disabilities.”
gałąź
branch
one of the many parts of a tree that grows out from its trunk (= main, vertical part)
oddział
branch
one of several shops, offices, etc that are part of a company or organization
“a bank with branches all over the country”
gałąź
branch
a part of a subject
“Neurology is a branch of medicine.”
rozchodzić się
branch
If a road, path, etc branches, it separates into two or more roads, paths, etc.
