Deck 4 Flashcards
dzwon
bell
a hollow, metal object, shaped like a cup, with a metal part inside that hits the side of the cup and makes a ringing sound
“the sound of church bells ringing”
dzwonek
bell
an electrical object that makes a ringing sound when you press a switch
“Please ring the bell for attention.”
park
park
a large area of grass, often in a town, where people can walk and enjoy themselves
“We went for a walk in the park.”
parkować
park
to leave a vehicle in a particular place for a period of time
“I parked the car near the old bridge.”,
“You can park outside the school.”
klub
club
an organization for people who want to take part in a sport or social activity together, or the building they use for this
“a fitness/football club”
kij
club
a long, thin stick used to hit the ball in golf
maczuga
club
a heavy stick used as a weapon
klub
club
a place open late at night where people can dance
trefle
club
playing cards with black shapes like three leaves on them
“the ten of clubs”
walić
club
to hit a person or animal with a heavy stick
iść potańczyć, iść się zabawić
club
to go to clubs where there is music and dancing
ciemność
darkness
a state in which there is little or no light
“He stumbled around in the darkness looking for the light switch.”,
“There was a power cut and the house was in darkness.”
całkowicie, zupełnie, absolutnie
absolutely
completely
“The food was absolutely delicious.”,
“She absolutely hated the place.”,
“There’s absolutely nothing (= nothing at all) left.”
oczywiście, jak najbardziej
absolutely
used to strongly agree with someone
"”Do you think it helped his career?” “Absolutely.””
w żadnym wypadku
absolutely
used to strongly disagree with someone or to agree with something negative
"”Are you suggesting that we should just ignore the problem?” “No, absolutely not.””
społeczeństwo
society
a large group of people who live in the same country or area and have the same laws, traditions, etc
“Unemployment is a problem for society.”,
“The US is a multicultural society.”
towarzystwo
society
an organization for people who have the same interest or aim
“the London Zoological Society”
oprócz czegoś , ponadto, w dodatku
addition
added to what already exists or happens, or more than you already do or have
“In addition to teaching, she works as a nurse in the holidays.”
dodawanie
addition
the process of adding numbers or amounts together in order to get a total
nabytek
addition
a new or extra thing that is added to something
“Baby Sam is the latest addition to their family.”
troszczyć się, dbać
care
to think that something is important and to feel interested in it or worried about it
“He cares deeply about the environment.”,
“I don’t care how long it takes - just get the job done.”
darzyć uczuciem
care
to love someone
“Your parents are only doing this because they care about you.”,
“I knew that Amy still cared for me.”
nic mnie/go itp. nie obchodzi
care
used to emphasize that someone is not interested in or worried about something or someone
“I couldn’t care less what people think.”
(no i) co z tego?, kogo to obchodzi ?
care
used to emphasize that you do not think something is important
"”Manchester United will be in the final if they win this match.” “Who cares?””
Czy miał(a)by Pan/i ochotę na …?
care
used to ask someone if they want something or want to do something
“Would you care for a drink?”,
“Would you care to join us for dinner?”
opieka
care
the activity of looking after something or someone, especially someone who is young, old, or sick
“skin/hair care”,
“A small baby requires constant care.”
uwaga, ostrożność
care
If you do something with care, you give a lot of attention to it so that you do not make a mistake or damage anything.
“She planned the trip with great care.”,
“Fragile - please handle with care.”
uważać
care
to give a lot of attention to what you are doing so that you do not have an accident or make a mistake
“The roads are very icy so take care when you drive home.”,
“The water gets deep very suddenly so take care.”
Trzymaj się!
care
used when saying goodbye to someone
“See you soon, Bob - take care!”
troska
care
a feeling of worry
“He was sixteen years old and didn’t have a care in the world (= had no worries).”
w domu lub w domach dziecka
care
Children who are in care are looked after by government organizations because their parents cannot look after them.
“She was put/taken into care at the age of twelve.”
zajmować lub opiekować się kimś/czymś
care
to look after someone or something
“My parents are going to take care of the house while we’re away.”
zajmować się czymś
care
to be responsible for dealing with something
“I sorted out the drink for the party while Guy took care of the food.”
relacja
account
a written or spoken description of something that has happened
“They gave conflicting accounts of the events.”,
“The documents provide a detailed account of the town’s early history.”
konto, rachunek
account
an arrangement with a bank to keep your money there and to let you take it out when you need to
“I paid the money into my account.”
rachunek
account
an agreement with a shop or company that allows you to buy things and pay for them later
brać coś pod uwagę
account
to consider something when judging a situation
“You have to take into account the fact that he is less experienced when judging his performance.”
ze względu na coś
account
because of something
“He doesn’t drink alcohol on account of his health.”
podobno
account
as said by a lot of people
“The party was, by all accounts, a great success.”
z mojego powodu
account
just for or because of me
“Please don’t change your plans on my account.”
pod żadnym pozorem
account
not for any reason or in any situation
“On no account must these records be changed.”
o
about
relating to a particular subject or person
“a book about the Spanish Civil War”,
“What was she talking about?”
po
about
to or in different parts of a place, often without purpose or order
“They were creeping about the garden.”,
“We heard someone moving about outside.”
co powiesz na …?, a może (by tak) …?a może …?, co sądzisz o …?
about
used to make a suggestionused to ask for someone’s opinion on a particular subject
“How about France for a holiday?”,
“What about Ann - is she nice?”
około, mniej więcej
about
used before a number or amount to mean approximately
“It happened about two months ago.”
dookoła
about
to or in different parts of a place, often without purpose or order
“She’s always leaving her clothes lying about.”
tu, w pobliżu
about
If someone or something is about, they are near to the place where you are now.
“Is Kate about?”
mieć (właśnie) coś zrobić
about
to be going to do something very soon
“I stopped her just as she was about to leave.”
składać wniosek lub podanie, zgłaszać się
apply
to ask officially for something, often by writing
“I’ve applied for a job.”,
“He has applied to several companies.”
mieć zastosowanie
apply
to affect or relate to a particular person or situation
“This law only applies to married people.”
stosować
apply
to use something in a particular situation
“The same method can be applied to other situations.”
nakładać
apply
to spread a substance on a surface
“Apply the cream daily until the symptoms disappear.”
przykładać się
apply
to work hard
“If he doesn’t apply himself, he’ll never pass his exams.”
Kanada
Canadian
a country in North America
sprawa
matter
a subject or situation that you need to think about, discuss, or deal with
“I’ve been thinking about this matter for a long time.”,
“He denied any knowledge of the matter.”,
“To make matters worse, our car broke down!”
materia
matter
the physical substances that exist in the universe
materiał, substancja
matter
a particular type of substance or thing
“vegetable matter”,
“printed matter”
co się stało , o co chodzi
matter
used to ask or talk about the reason for a problem
“What’s the matter with your leg?”,
“I can’t help you if you won’t tell me what the matter is.”
coś się stało /nic się nie stało
matter
used to say that there is/is not a problem
“There’s something the matter with the washing machine.”
kwestia dni/tygodni/kilku stóp itp.
matter
used in expressions describing how small a period of time or an amount is
“The aircraft missed each other by a matter of feet.”
kwestia wiary/szczęścia/czasu
matter
If something is a matter of confidence/luck/waiting, etc, that is what you need for it to happen.
“Learning languages is just a matter of hard work.”
nieważne jak/co/kiedy itp. , jakkolwiek/cokolwiek/kiedykolwiek itp.
matter
used to emphasize that something cannot be changed
“I never manage to lose any weight, no matter how hard I try.”
właściwie (to), prawdę mówiąc
matter
used to emphasize that something is true, especially when it is surprising
“As a matter of fact, I used to live next door to him.”
rutyna
matter
If something happens as a matter of course, it always happens as part of the normal process or system.
“Babies were tested for the disease as a matter of course.”
kwestia życia lub śmierci
matter
a serious situation where people could die
“Getting water to these people is a matter of life and death.”
to tylko kwestia czasu
matter
If you say that it is only a matter of time before something happens, you are sure it will happen but you do not know when.
mieć znaczenie, liczyć się
matter
to be important, or to affect what happens
“We were late, but it didn’t seem to matter.”,
“It doesn’t matter to me whether he comes or not.”,
““I’ve forgotten to bring your book back.” “It doesn’t matter - there’s no hurry.””
obstawiać, zakładać się
bet
to risk money on the result of a game, competition, etc
“He lost all his money betting on horses.”,
“I bet him a dollar that I was right.”
założę się, na pewno
bet
something that you say to show that you believe that something is true or will happen
“I bet that he’s forgotten my birthday again.”,
“It seems like a bargain, but I bet there are hidden costs.”,
“I bet he’s there tonight.”
jasne!
bet
used to say that you will do something with enthusiasm
"”Are you going to Pam’s party?” “You bet!””
zakład
bet
an attempt to win money on the result of a game, competition, etc
“She won her bet.”,
“He put a bet on Barcelona winning on Saturday.”
dobry wybór, dobra rzecz
bet
something that would be useful, clever, or enjoyable to do
“Putting your savings in a high-interest account would be a good bet.”
najlepsze rozwiązanie, najlepszy wybór
bet
the best decision or choice
“Your best bet in terms of value would be the Regent Hotel.”
tysiąc
thousand
the number 1000
tysiące , mnóstwo
thousand
a lot
“She tried on thousands of dresses but didn’t like any of them.”
środek
middle
the central part, position, or point in time
“We used to live just outside Boston but now we live right (= exactly) in the middle.”,
“The letter should arrive by the middle of next week.”
być w trakcie czegoś
middle
to be busy
“I can’t talk now - I’m in the middle of cooking a meal.”
pas, talia
middle
your waist, or your waist and stomach
“He wrapped the towel round his middle.”
środkowy
middle
in a central position
“The middle layer is made of plastic.”,
“Our company rents the middle warehouse.”
średni
middle
neither high nor low in importance or amount
“middle managers”
łańcuch, łańcuszek
chain
a line of metal rings connected together
“a bicycle chain”,
“She wore a gold chain around her neck.”,
“The hostages were kept in chains.”
sieć
chain
a number of similar shops, restaurants, etc owned by the same company
“a chain of hotels/supermarkets”
łańcuch, ciąg
chain
a series of things that happen one after the other
“His arrival set off a surprising chain of events.”
przypinać (łańcuchem ), trzymać na łańcuchu
chain
to fasten someone or something to someone or something else using a chain
“I chained my bike to a lamppost.”,
“You shouldn’t keep a dog chained up like that.”
muzyczny
musical
relating to music
“a musical instrument “
muzykalny
musical
good at playing music
“She comes from a very musical family.”
musical
musical
a play or film in which singing and dancing tell part of the story
“a Broadway/Hollywood musical”
początek
beginning
the first part of something or the start of something
“We met at the beginning of 1998.”,
“Things went well in the beginning.”
żaden
none
not any
“None of them smoke.”,
“In 1992, the company had 2,700 part-time workers. Today it has none.”,
“There were only three births here in March and none at all in April.”,
“Of the Democratic candidates, none has an obvious lead.”,
“He asked if there was any hope. I told him frankly that there was none.”
niezbyt czysty/bystry/zadowolony itp.
none
not at all clean/clever/pleased, etc
“His handkerchief was none too clean.”
ani trochę szczęśliwszy/biedniejszy/mądrzejszy itp.
none
not any happier/poorer/wiser, etc than before
“She must have explained the theory three times, but I’m still none the wiser.”
wybierać
choose
to decide which thing you want
“I helped my sister choose a name for her baby.”,
“They have to choose between earning a living or getting an education.”,
“There were lots of books to choose from.”,
“How did you choose which school to go to?”,
“Adam was chosen as team captain.”
zdecydować się na coś
choose
to decide to do something
“Manuela chose to take a job in Paris.”
witam/y
welcome
used to greet someone who has just arrived somewhere
“Welcome home!”,
“Welcome to the UK.”
witać, powitać
welcome
to greet someone who has arrived in a place
“Both families were there to welcome us.”
przyjmować lub witać z zadowoleniem
welcome
to be pleased about something and want it to happen
“The decision was welcomed by everybody.”,
“I would welcome your advice.”
mile widziany
welcome
If something is welcome, people are pleased about it and want it to happen.
“a welcome change “,
“Your comments are very welcome.”
Nie ma za co
welcome
used to be polite to someone who has thanked you
"”Thank you.” “You’re welcome.””
życzliwie kogoś przyjmować
welcome
to make a visitor feel happy and comfortable in a place by being kind and friendly to them
“They made me very welcome in their home.”
móc coś zrobić
welcome
used to tell someone that they can certainly do something, if they want to
“Anyone who is interested is welcome to come along.”
móc sobie coś wziąć
welcome
used to tell someone that they can certainly have something, if they want it, because you do not
powitanie
welcome
the way someone is greeted when they arrive somewhere
“He was given a warm (= friendly) welcome by his fans.”
wypadek, kraksa
crash
an accident in which a vehicle hits something
“a car/plane crash “
trzask, huk
crash
a sudden, loud noise made when something falls or breaks
“I heard a crash and hurried into the kitchen.”
awaria
crash
an occasion when a computer or computer system suddenly stops working
krach
crash
an occasion when the value of a country’s businesses suddenly falls by a large amount
“He lost a lot of money in the stock market crash of 1929.”
rozbić (się), zderzyć się (z)
crash
If a vehicle crashes, it hits something by accident, and if you crash a vehicle, you make it hit something by accident.
“The van skidded and crashed into a tree.”,
“Rick crashed his dad’s car.”
ulegać awarii
crash
If a computer or computer system crashes, it suddenly stops working.
rozbijać się o/przebijać się przez itp.
crash
to hit something and make a loud noise
“The waves crashed against the rocks.”
trzasnąć, huknąć
crash
to make a sudden, loud noise
“Thunder crashed overhead.”
załamać się
crash
If a financial market crashes, prices suddenly fall by a large amount.
składać się z czegoś
consist
to be formed or made from two or more things
“a dessert consisting of fruit and cream”
data
date
a particular day of the month or year
"”What’s the date today?” “It’s the fifth.””,
“Please give your name, address and date of birth.”
termin
date
a time when something has been arranged to happen
“Let’s make a date to have lunch.”,
“We agreed to finish the report at a later date.”
do tej pory , do chwili obecnej
date
up to the present time
“This novel is his best work to date.”
randka
date
a romantic meeting when two people go out somewhere, such as to a restaurant or to see a film
“He’s asked her out on a date.”
chłopak, dziewczyna
date
someone who you are having a romantic meeting with
“Who’s your date for the prom?”
daktyl
date
a sticky brown fruit with a long seed inside
spotykać się (z)
date
to regularly spend time with someone you have a romantic relationship with
“We’ve been dating for six months.”
datować
date
to write the day’s date on something
“a letter dated March 13th”
określać wiek, datować
date
to say how long something has existed or when it was made
“Scientists have dated the bones to 10,000 BC.”
starzeć się, wychodzić z mody
date
to stop seeming modern, or to make something not seem modern
“Clothes like these date really quickly.”
styl życia
lifestyle
the way that you live
“a healthy lifestyle “,
“She needs a large income to support her lifestyle.”
zapewniać
assure
to tell someone that something is definitely true, especially so that they do not worry
“She assured them that she would be all right.”
zapewniać, zabezpieczać
assure
to make something certain to happen
“This loan should assure the company’s future.”
prywatny, własny, osobisty
private
only for one person or group and not for everyone
“Each room has a balcony and a private bathroom.”,
“You can’t park here - this is private property.”
prywatny
private
controlled by or paid for by a person or company and not by the government
“Charles went to a private school.”,
“She had an expensive private education.”
prywatny, osobisty
private
If information or an emotion is private, you do not want other people to know about it.
“This is a private matter - it doesn’t concern you.”
prywatnie, na osobności
private
If you do something in private, you do it where other people cannot see or hear you.
“I need to talk to you in private.”
czyjeś prywatne życie
private
someone’s personal relationships and activities and not their work
ustronny
private
A place which is private is quiet and there are no other people there to see or hear what you are doing.
“Is there somewhere private where we can talk?”
szeregowy
private
a soldier of the lowest rank in the army
współpraca
cooperation
a situation in which you work together with someone or do what they ask you
“international cooperation”,
“The school works in close cooperation with parents.”
rzucić, rezygnować
quit
to leave your job or school permanently
“She recently quit her job to spend more time with her family.”
rzucić
quit
to stop doing something
“I quit smoking and put on weight.”
klasyczny
classic
A classic book, film, etc is one that has been popular for a long time and is considered to be of a high quality.
“the classic film ‘Gone with the Wind’”
klasyczny
classic
having a traditional style that is always fashionable
“a classic black jacket”
klasyczny
classic
typical
“Dan’s a classic example of a child who’s clever but lazy.”
klasyka
classic
a classic book, film, etc
rutyna
routine
the things you regularly do, and how and when you do them
“a daily routine “,
“He longed to escape the routine of an office job.”
układ, program, numer
routine
a regular series of movements, jokes, etc used in a performance
“a dance routine”
rutynowy
routine
done regularly and not unusual
“a routine procedure “,
“routine checks “
rutynowy
routine
done regularly and very boring
“His job is very routine.”
grupa, gromada
cluster
a group of similar things that are close together
“a cluster of galaxies”
gromadzić się (wokół), otaczać
cluster
to form a close group
“Photographers clustered round the film star.”
cień
shadow
a dark area made by something that is stopping the light
“The tree had cast (= made) a long shadow.”
śledzić
shadow
to follow someone secretly in order to see where they go and what they do
“He was being shadowed by a private detective.”
proponować
proposed
to suggest a plan or action
“I propose that we delay our decision until we have more information.”,
“proposed changes “
zamierzać coś ( zrobić )
proposed
to intend to do something
“They propose to cycle across Europe.”
oświadczać się
proposed
to ask someone to marry you
“He proposed to me on my birthday.”
wrażliwy
sensitive
able to understand what people are feeling and deal with them in a way that does not upset them
“I want a man who’s kind and sensitive.”
drażliwy, wrażliwy, czuły
sensitive
easily upset by the things people say or do
“He was always sensitive to criticism.”,
“She’s very sensitive about her weight.”
drażliwy, delikatny
sensitive
A sensitive subject or situation needs to be dealt with carefully in order to avoid upsetting people.
“Gender is a very sensitive subject.”
wrażliwy
sensitive
easily damaged or hurt
“sensitive eyes/skin”
czuły
sensitive
Sensitive equipment is able to measure very small changes.
syn
son
your male child
wystąpienie
appearance
an occasion when someone appears in public
“a television/public appearance “,
“He made two appearances during his brief visit.”
wygląd
appearance
the way a person or thing looks
“She’s very concerned with her appearance.”
pojawienie się
appearance
an occasion when you arrive somewhere or can be seen somewhere
“Her appearance at the party was a surprise.”
pojawienie się, ukazanie się
appearance
the time when something starts to exist or becomes available
“The appearance of new products on the market has increased competition.”
opowiadanie, relacja
narrative
a story or description of a series of events
ograniczenie
restriction
a rule or law that limits what people can do
“There are restrictions on how many goods you can bring into the country.”,
“parking restrictions”
przeciwny, drugi, sąsiedni
opposite
in a position facing something or someone but on the other side
“on the opposite page “,
“in the opposite corner “,
“We live on opposite sides of the city.”,
“I noticed a gate at the opposite end of the courtyard.”
przeciwny, odwrotny
opposite
completely different
“Police attempts to calm the violence had completely the opposite effect.”
naprzeciwko, naprzeciw
opposite
in a position facing something or someone but on the other side
“The couple sat down opposite her.”,
“She lives opposite (= on the other side of the road).”,
“Is there a bakery opposite your house?”
przeciwieństwo
opposite
someone or something that is completely different from another person or thing
“They’re complete opposites.”,
“He’s the exact opposite of my father.”
projektant/ka
designer
someone who draws and plans how something will be made
“a fashion designer “
markowe dżinsy/okulary itp. , dżinsy/okulary itp. od znanego projektanta
designer
clothes or objects made by a fashionable designer
system, sieć
network
a system or group of connected parts
“a rail/road network “,
“a network of cables/tunnels”
sieć, siatka, grupa
network
a group of people who know each other or who work together
“a large network of friends”
sieć
network
a large television or radio company that broadcasts programmes in many areas
nawiązywać znajomości lub kontakty
network
to use social events to meet people who might be useful for your business
łączyć w sieć, usieciować
network
to connect computers together so that they can share information and programs
rak
cancer
a serious disease that is caused when cells in the body grow in a way that is uncontrolled and not normal
“breast/lung cancer “,
“His wife died of cancer.”
Rak
cancer
the sign of the zodiac that relates to the period of 22 June - 22 July, or a person born during this period
plemię
tribe
a group of people who live together, usually in areas far away from cities, and who share the same culture and language and still have a traditional way of life
“Native American tribes”
dowódca, komandor porucznik
commander
an officer who is in charge of a military operation, or an officer of middle rank in the navy
olimpiada, igrzyska olimpijskie
Olympic
an international sports competition that happens every four years
tym samym , w ten sposób
thus
used after saying a fact to introduce what then happened as a result
“The guard fell asleep, thus allowing Bates to escape.”
w ten sposób
thus
in this way
“They limit the number of people allowed into the forest, thus preventing damage to the trails.”
ścieżka, droga (gruntowa )
track
a narrow path or road
“We followed a dirt track off the main road.”
tor
track
the long metal lines that a train travels along
“a railway track/ US a railroad track”
bieżnia, tor
track
a path, often circular, used for races
“a race track”,
“track events”
biegi
track
the sport of running in races around a wide circular path made for this sport
ścieżka (dźwiękowa ), utwór
track
one song or piece of music on a CD, record, etc
nadążać, śledzić
track
to continue to know what is happening to someone or something
“He changes jobs so often - I find it hard to keep track of what he’s doing.”
stracić rachubę
track
to not know what is happening to someone or something any more
“I’ve lost track of how much we’ve spent.”
na dobrej drodze
track
making progress and likely to succeed
“A fighter from Edinburgh is on track to become world heavyweight boxing champion.”,
“We’ve got a lot of work to do but we’re on the right track.”
śledzić, tropić
track
to follow a person or animal by looking for proof that they have been somewhere, or by using electronic equipment
“The wolves are tracked by using radio collars.”
prześledzić
track
to record the progress or development of something over a period
“The project tracks the effects of population growth on the area.”
szyja, kark
neck
the part of the body between your head and your shoulders
“He was wearing a gold chain around his neck.”,
“She fell off a horse and broke her neck.”
dekolt, wycięcie
neck
the part of a piece of clothing that goes around your neck
“a UK polo-neck/ US turtleneck”,
“a V-neck sweater”
pożyczać, Nie mylić z lend
borrow
to use something that belongs to someone else and give it back later
“Can I borrow a pen please?”,
“I borrowed the book from my sister.”
pożyczać
borrow
to take money from a bank or financial organization and pay it back over a period of time
zapożyczać
borrow
to take and use a word or idea
“The English word ‘rucksack’ is borrowed from German.”
oba
both
used to talk about two people or things
“The children both have red hair.”,
“Both her parents are dead.”,
“Both of my sisters are teachers.”,
“Would you like cream, ice cream, or both?”
zarówno … jak i …
both
used to emphasize that you are talking about two people or things
“Both Jack and his wife are keen chess players.”
polityka
policy
a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular situations that has been agreed by a government, business, etc
“foreign policy “,
“It is company policy to help staff progress in their careers.”
polisa
policy
an agreement that you have with an insurance company (= company that pays the costs if you are injured, etc)
zużywać
consume
to use something such as a product, energy, or fuel
“These lights don’t consume much electricity.”
spożywać, konsumować
consume
to eat or drink something
być pochłoniętym lub trawionym czymś
consume
to have so much of a feeling that it affects everything you do
“She was a dancer consumed by ambition.”
strawić
consume
If fire consumes something, it completely destroys it.
koncert
concert
a performance of music and singing
“a pop concert”
blok, klocek
block
a solid piece of something, usually in the shape of a square or rectangle
“a block of ice/stone/wood”
przecznica
block
the distance along a street from where one road crosses it to the place where the next road crosses it
“They only live two blocks away from the school.”
blok
block
a large building containing many apartments or offices
“a block of flats “
kwartał
block
a square group of buildings or houses with roads on each side
“Omar took the dog for a walk round the block.”
zaćmienie umysłu
block
If you have a block about something, you cannot understand it or remember it.
“I had a complete mental block about his name.”
przeszkoda
block
something that makes it difficult to move or make progress
blok, sektor
block
an amount or group of something that is considered together
“This block of seats is reserved.”
blokować, zapychać (się)
block
to prevent anyone or anything from passing through a place
“A fallen tree blocked the road.”,
“The sink is blocked up.”,
“a blocked drain”
blokować
block
to stop something from happening or making progress
“The government has blocked plans for a new wind farm.”
zasłaniać
block
to be between someone and the thing they are looking at, so that they cannot see
“A pillar was blocking my view.”
dźwięk, odgłos, głos
sound
something that you hear or that can be heard
“I could hear the sounds of the city through the open window.”,
“She stood completely still, not making a sound.”,
“Can you turn the sound up (= make a radio, television, etc louder)?”
brzmienie czegoś
sound
how something seems to be, from what you have been told or heard
“I like the sound of the beef in red wine sauce.”,
“He’s really enjoying college, by the sound of it.”
brzmieć dobrze/ciekawie/dziwnie itp.
sound
to seem good/interesting/strange, etc, from what you have heard or read
“Your job sounds really interesting.”
wydawać się, wyglądać na to, że
sound
to seem like something, from what you have heard or read
“That sounds like a really good idea.”,
“I don’t want to sound as if I’m trying to create extra problems.”
wydawać się złym/szczęśliwym/brzmieć niegrzecznie itp.
sound
to seem angry/happy/rude, etc when you speak
“You don’t sound too sure about it.”
brzmieć
sound
to make a noise
“It looks and sounds like a real bird.”,
“If the alarm sounds, you must leave the building immediately.”
solidny, rozsądny
sound
good or safe and able to be trusted
“sound advice/judgment “,
“The building is quite old, but still structurally sound.”
w głębokim śnie , mocno śpiący
sound
in a deep sleep
towarzyszyć
accompany
to go somewhere with someone
“We accompanied her back to her hotel.”
towarzyszyć, być w komplecie z
accompany
to happen or exist at the same time as something else
“The teachers’ book is accompanied by a CD.”
akompaniować
accompany
to play a musical instrument with someone else who is playing or singing
rower
bike
short for bicycle
motor
bike
short for motorbike/motorcycle
-
color
US spelling of colour
kontrast
contrast
an obvious difference between two people or things
“The contrast between their lifestyles couldn’t be greater.”,
“The busy north coast of the island is in sharp contrast to the peaceful south.”
w przeciwieństwie
contrast
used to show that someone or something is completely different from someone or something else
“She’s quite petite, in contrast with her tall sister.”
porównywać
contrast
to compare two people or things in order to show the differences between them
“If you contrast his early novels with his later work, you can see how his writing has developed.”
kontrastować
contrast
If one thing contrasts with another, it is very different from it.
“The sharpness of the lemons contrasts with the sweetness of the honey.”
scenariusz
scenario
a description of a situation, or of a situation that may develop in the future
najczarniejszy scenariusz
scenario
the worst situation that you can imagine
zaczynać
start
to begin doing something
“He started smoking when he was eighteen.”,
“Maria started to laugh.”,
“We start work at nine o’clock.”
zaczynać (się)
start
to begin to happen or to make something begin to happen
“The programme starts at seven o’clock.”,
“Police believe the fire started in the kitchen.”
powstawać, zakładać
start
If a business, organization, etc starts, it begins to exist, and if you start it, you make it begin to exist.
“She started her own computer business.”,
“A lot of new restaurants have started up in the area.”
włączać (się), uruchamiać (się)
start
If a car or engine starts, it begins to work, and if you start it, you make it begin to work.
“The car won’t start.”,
“Start up the engine.”
z lub na początku po pierwsze
start
used to talk about what a situation was like at the beginning before it changedused before saying the first thing in a list of things
“I was happy at school to start with, but later I hated it.”,
“To start with, we need better computers. Then we need more training.”
zrywać się, podskoczyć
start
to move suddenly because you are frightened or surprised
początek
start
the beginning of something
“Our teacher checks who is in class at the start of each day.”,
“Ivan has been involved in the project from the start.”,
“The meeting got off to a bad start (= began badly).”
zaczynać
start
to begin doing something
“I’ll make a start on the washing-up.”
przede wszystkim , po pierwsze
start
used when you are giving the first in a list of reasons or things
“I won’t be going - I’ve got too much homework for a start.”
start (życiowy)
start
an advantage that you have over someone else when you begin something
“I’m grateful for the start I had in life.”
start
start
the place where a race begins
poderwanie się, przestrach
start
a sudden movement that you make because you are frightened or surprised
“Kate sat up with a start.”
ale
but
used to introduce something new that you say, especially something that is different or the opposite from what you have just said
“I’d drive you there, but I don’t have my car.”,
“The tickets were expensive, but the kids really enjoyed it.”
ale
but
used before you say why something did not happen or is not true
“I was going to go to his party, but I was sick.”
ale
but
used to show that you are surprised about what someone has just said
“‘Tim is leaving.’ ‘But why?’”
ale
but
used to connect ‘excuse me’ or ‘I’m sorry’ with what you say next
“Excuse me, but would you mind shutting the door?”
oprócz, tylko nie
but
except
“Everyone but Andrew knows.”,
“Can you buy me a sandwich? Anything but ham.”,
“This is the last programme but one (= the programme before the last).”
tylko, chociaż
but
only
“We can but try.”
nad
above
in or to a higher position than something else
“There’s a mirror above the washbasin.”,
“I could hear music coming from the room above.”
powyżej, ponad
above
more than an amount or level
“It says on the box it’s for children aged three and above.”,
“Rates of pay are above average.”
nad, wyżej niż
above
in a more important or advanced position than someone else
“Sally’s a grade above me.”
poza
above
too good or important for something
“No one is above suspicion in this matter.”
przede wszystkim
above
most importantly
“Above all, I’d like to thank everyone.”
powyższy, powyżej, wyżej
above
higher on the same page
“the above diagram”,
“the address shown above”
tło
background
Sounds in the background are not the main sounds you can hear.
“background music/noise “,
“I could hear a baby crying in the background.”
środowisko, wykształcenie
background
a person’s education, family, and experience of life
“She came from a middle-class background.”
tło
background
the parts at the back of a picture, view, etc that are not the main things you look at
“gold stars on a black background “
kontekst
background
the situation that an event happens in, or things that have happened in the past that affect it
“The talks are taking place against a background of economic uncertainty.”
z tyłu
background
If a person stays in the background, they try not to be noticed.
tańczyć
dance
to move your feet and body to the rhythm of music
“She’s dancing with Steven.”,
“Can you dance the tango?”
taniec
dance
the activity of moving your feet and body to music
“I had a dance with my dad.”
taniec
dance
a particular set of steps or movements to music
“My favourite dance is the tango.”
bal (taneczny), potańcówka
dance
a social event where people dance to music
taniec
dance
the activity or skill of dancing
“a dance school”
szyfr
code
a set of letters, numbers, or signs that are used instead of ordinary words to keep a message secret
“The message was written in code.”,
“They were trying to break (= understand) the enemy’s code.”
kierunkowy
code
a set of numbers used at the beginning of all the telephone numbers in a particular area
kodeks
code
a set of rules on how to behave or how to do things
“a code of conduct/practice”,
“The club has a strict dress code (= rules about what you wear).”
założenie
assumption
something that you think is true without having any proof
“People tend to make assumptions about you when you have a disability.”,
“These calculations are based on the assumption that prices will continue to rise.”
objęcie władzy /przyjęcie odpowiedzialności itp.
assumption
the act of taking a position of power/responsibility, etc
roślina uprawna
crop
a plant such as a grain, fruit, or vegetable that is grown in large amounts by farmers
zbiór, plon
crop
the amount of plants of a particular type that are produced at one time
“We had a record crop of grapes this year.”
pokolenie czegoś , generacja czegoś
crop
a group of the same type of things or people that exist at the same time
“He’s one of the current crop of young Italian artists.”
przycinać
crop
to cut something so that it is short
przyciąć
crop
to cut pieces from the sides of a computer image so that it is the size you want
rodzić
crop
If a plant crops, it produces fruit, flowers, etc.
szansa
chance
the possibility that something will happen
“There’s a chance that she’ll still be there.”,
“She has little chance of passing the exam.”,
“Is there any chance of a drink?”,
“She’s ruined my chances of getting the job.”
szansa, okazja
chance
the opportunity to do something
“I didn’t get a chance to speak to you at the party.”,
“I hope you’ve had the chance to look around the exhibition.”,
“Give me a chance to prove that I can do the work.”,
“Going on a world cruise is the chance of a lifetime (= an opportunity which only comes once in your life).”
przypadek
chance
the way something happens because of luck, or without being planned
“I saw her by chance in the shop.”,
“a game of chance”
ryzyko
chance
a risk
“I’m delivering my work by hand. I’m not taking any chances.”
przypadkiem
chance
used to ask in a polite way whether something is possible or true
“You’re not Spanish by any chance, are you?”
mieć szansę
chance
to have a chance of success or of achieving something
“He stands a good chance of winning the election.”
wygląda na to
chance
it is likely
“Chances are that he’ll refuse.”
nie ma mowy !
chance
used to emphasize that there is no possibility of something happening
"”Do you think she’d go out with me?” “No chance!””
ryzykować
chance
to take a risk by doing something
“He’d probably never find out if I did go to the party, but I can’t afford to chance it.”
przypadkowy
chance
A chance event is not planned or expected.
“a chance meeting”
taa, aha
yeah
yes
“Yeah, I agree.”
koszykówka
basketball
a game in which two teams try to win points by throwing a ball through a high net
piłka do koszykówki
basketball
the large ball used in the game of basketball
pudełko, karton
box
a square or rectangular container
“a cardboard box”,
“a box of chocolates/matches”
kratka, kwadracik
box
a small square on a page that gives you information or where you write information
“Write ‘Y’ in the box if you would like more details.”
loża
box
a small area of a theatre, court, etc that is separate from where other people are sitting
telewizja
box
the television
“What’s on the box tonight?”
boksować
box
to do the sport of boxing
pakować do kartonu lub kartonów
box
to put something in a box
“We boxed up the old books.”
trzy
three
the number 3
musieć
must
used to say that it is necessary that something happens or is done
“The meat must be cooked thoroughly.”,
“You mustn’t show this letter to anyone else.”,
“I must get some sleep.”
musieć
must
used to show that you think something is very likely or certain to be true
“It must have been very upsetting for her.”,
“You must be exhausted.”,
“She must be very wealthy.”
musieć
must
used to show that you think it is a good idea for someone to do something
“You must come and stay with us some time.”
być koniecznym
must
If something is a must, it is very important to have or do it.
“The restaurant has become so popular that reservations are a must.”
kupować
buy
to get something by paying money for it
“I went out to buy some milk.”,
“They bought their house for $1,000,000.”,
“He bought me a camera for my birthday.”
okazja
buy
something good that you buy for a cheap price
“This coat was a really good buy.”
współpracowni-k/czka, kolega/koleżanka (z pracy )
colleague
someone that you work with
drążek
rail
a horizontal bar on the wall that you hang things on
“a curtain rail”
balustrada, poręcz
rail
a bar around or along something which you can hold to stop you from falling
“a hand rail”
kolej
rail
trains as a method of transport
“rail travel “,
“a rail link “,
“They sent the shipment by rail.”
szyna
rail
the metal tracks that trains run on
przyjmować, akceptować
accept
to agree to take something that is offered to you
“to accept an invitation/offer “,
“to accept a job”,
“He won’t accept advice from anyone.”,
“Do you accept credit cards?”
przyjmować do wiadomości
accept
to admit that something is true, often something unpleasant
“He refuses to accept that he’s made a mistake.”
przyjmować
accept
to allow someone to join an organization or become part of a group
“She’s been accepted by two universities.”,
“Many of the refugees have now been accepted into the local community.”
brać (na siebie) odpowiedzialność/winę
accept
to admit that you caused something bad that happened
“The company has now accepted responsibility for the accident.”
zaakceptować
accept
to understand that you cannot change a very sad or unpleasant situation
“The hardest part is accepting the fact that you’ll never see that person again.”
przede wszystkim , głównie
primarily
mainly
“She’s known primarily as a novelist but she also writes poetry.”
świadomość społeczna /stan zdrowia społeczeństwa /poparcie społeczne itp.
public
the awareness/health/support, etc of all ordinary people
“Public opinion has turned against him.”,
“Is it really in the public interest (= useful for people) to publish this information?”
parki /toalety /komunikacja itp. publiczn-e/a
public
parks/toilets/transport, etc that are for everyone to use and are not private
“Smoking is banned in public places.”
publiczne ogłoszenie/wystąpienie/oświadczenie itp.
public
an announcement/appearance/statement, etc that can be seen or heard or known by everyone
“The Prime Minister is due to make a public statement later today.”
ujawniać coś
public
to allow everyone to know about something
“The government does not plan to make its findings public.”
fundusze /świadczenia /wydatki itp. państwowe
public
funds/services/spending, etc controlled or supplied by the government and not by a private company
społeczeństwo, publiczność
public
all ordinary people
“a member of the public”,
“The public has a right to know about this.”,
“The house is only open to the general public on Sundays.”
publicznie
public
where everyone can see you
“He shouldn’t behave like that in public.”
warunki
terms
the rules of an agreement
“Under the terms of their contract, employees must give 3 months notice if they want to leave.”
być w dobrych /złych /przyjacielskich itp. stosunkach
terms
to have a good/bad, etc relationship with someone
nie odzywać się (do siebie)
terms
to not speak to someone because you have argued with them
z punktu widzenia …, w kwestii …
terms
used to explain which part of a problem or situation you are referring to
“In financial terms, the project was not a success.”
bez ogródek , wprost
terms
in a direct and often angry way
“I told him to go away in no uncertain terms.”
pogodzić się z czymś
terms
to accept a sad situation
“He still hasn’t come to terms with his brother’s death.”
krytyczny
critical
saying that someone or something is bad or wrong
“a critical report”,
“He is very critical of the way I work.”
kluczowy
critical
very important for the way things will happen in the future
“a critical decision”
krytyczny
critical
extremely serious or dangerous
“The doctors said her condition was critical and she might not survive.”
krytyczny
critical
giving judgments and opinions on books, plays, films, etc
“a critical study of Tennyson’s work”
ledwie, ledwo
barely
only just
“He was barely alive when they found him.”,
“Barely 18, Lee was sent out to fight in the Gulf.”
stabilność
stability
the quality of not being likely to change or move
“political/financial stability “,
“Our country has enjoyed a long period of peace and stability.”
stacja, dworzec
station
a building where trains stop so that you can get on or off them
“Dad met me at the station.”
dworzec autobusowy
station
a building where a bus starts or ends its journey
stacja
station
a building where a particular service is based
“a petrol station/ US a gas station”
stacja
station
a company that broadcasts television or radio programmes
“a classical music station”
stacjonować gdzieś
station
If someone such as a soldier is stationed somewhere, they are sent there to work for a period of time.
“He met some US soldiers stationed in Germany.”
frytka
chip
a long, thin piece of potato that is cooked in oil
“fish and chips”
chips
chip
a very thin, dry, fried slice of potato
“barbecue-flavoured potato chips”
procek, chip, procesor
chip
a microchip (= very small part of a computer that stores information)
odłamek, odprysk, drzazga
chip
a small piece that has broken off something
“wood chips”
wyszczerbienie, szczerba
chip
a place where a small piece has broken off something
“This cup has a chip in it.”
ukruszyć, wyszczerbić
chip
to break a small piece off something
“He may have chipped a bone in his wrist.”,
“a chipped plate”
ząb
tooth
one of the hard, white objects in your mouth that you use for biting and crushing food
“You should brush your teeth twice a day.”
ząb
tooth
one of the row of metal or plastic points that stick out from a tool such as a comb (= thing used to make your hair tidy), or saw (= thing used to cut wood)
dostarczać, dowozić, doręczać
deliver
to take things such as letters, parcels, or goods to a person or place
“They can deliver the sofa on Wednesday.”
wywiązywać się (z)
deliver
to achieve or do something that you have promised to do, or that people expect you to do
“The company failed to deliver the high quality service that we expect.”
wygłosić mowę /przemówienie itp.
deliver
to speak formally to a group of people
“She delivered the speech on national TV.”
przyjmować poród
deliver
to help take a baby out of its mother when it is being born
producent
manufacturer
a company that manufactures something
“a shoe manufacturer”
oceniać
assessment
to make a judgment about the quality, size, value, etc of something
“The tests are designed to assess a child’s reading skills.”
żona
wife
the woman that a man is married to
“I’ve never met William’s wife.”
bomba
bomb
a weapon that explodes and causes damage
“The bomb destroyed several office buildings in the city.”
bombardować
bomb
to attack a place using bombs
“The factories were bombed during the war.”
pędzić
bomb
to move very quickly
“A car came bombing down the road.”
dodawać
add
to put something with something else
“Add the eggs to the cream.”,
“Could you add apples to your shopping list?”
zwiększać
add
to increase an amount or level
“Then there’s the service charge which adds another ten percent to the bill.”,
“His voice just adds to his appeal.”
dodawać
add
to say another thing
“She said she liked him but added that he was difficult to work with.”
dodawać
add
to put two or more numbers or amounts together to get a total
szacunek
respect
polite behaviour towards someone, especially because they are older or more important than you
“You should show more respect for your parents.”
szacunek
respect
admiration for someone because of their knowledge, skill, or achievements
“She’s an excellent teacher and I have the greatest respect for her.”
respekt
respect
behaviour that shows you think something is important or needs to be dealt with carefully
“Electricity can be dangerous and should always be treated with respect.”
pod tym względem /pod wieloma względami
respect
in a particular way, or in many ways
“The school has changed in many respects.”
w związku z czymś , odnośnie czegoś
respect
relating to a particular thing
“I am writing with respect to your letter of 24 June.”
składać wizytę oddać ostatnią posługę , uczcić pamięć (zmarłe-go/j )
respect
to visit someone or go to talk to themto go to someone’s funeral
szanować
respect
to admire someone because of their knowledge, achievements, etc
“I respect him for his honesty.”
respektować, szanować
respect
If you respect someone’s rights, customs, wishes, etc you accept their importance and are careful not to do anything they would not want.
republika-nin/nka
Republican
someone who supports the principles of a republic
Republika-nin/nka
Republican
someone who supports the Republican Party in the US
“the Republican candidate”
nos
nose
the part of your face through which you breathe and smell
“a big/broken nose”,
“She paused to blow her nose (= breathe out hard to empty it into a piece of cloth).”
artystyczny
artistic
showing skill and imagination in creating things, especially in painting, drawing, etc
“artistic talent”
artystyczny
artistic
relating to art
“the artistic director of the theatre”
nieznaczny, drobny
slight
small and not important
“slight differences in colour”,
“We’re having a slight problem with our computer system.”
drobny
slight
Someone who is slight is thin.
obelga, afront
slight
an action or remark that insults someone
