Deck 28 Flashcards
kopać
kick
to hit or move something or someone with your foot
“The boys were kicking a ball back and forth.”,
“She kicked me in the stomach.”,
“They tried to kick the door down.”
kopać
kick
to move your feet and legs forwards or backwards quickly and with force
“I kicked at them and screamed for help.”
pluć sobie w brodę
kick
to be very annoyed with yourself for doing something stupid or wrong
“I could have kicked myself for saying that.”
kopniak, kopnięcie
kick
the action of kicking something with your foot
“He gave her a kick in the shins.”
przyjemność, frajda
kick
a special feeling of excitement and energy
“She gets a kick out of performing live.”
forma
form
a type of something or way of doing something
“Swimming is the best form of exercise.”
formularz
form
a printed document with spaces for you to write information
“Please fill in/out the form using black ink.”
postać czegoś , forma czegoś
form
the particular way in which something exists
“The novel is written in the form of a series of letters.”,
“The medicine comes in the form of a liquid or pills.”
forma
form
In sport, someone’s form is how well or badly they are performing.
“The team seems to have lost its form lately.”
być w formie/nie w formie
form
If someone is in form or on form, they are feeling or performing well, and if they are off form they are not feeling or performing well.
“Harry was on good form last night.”
klasa
form
a school class or group of classes for students of the same age or ability
“He’s in the third form.”
postać
form
the body or shape of someone or something
forma
form
a way of writing or saying a word that shows if it is singular or plural, past or present, etc
“The plural form of ‘sheep’ is ‘sheep’.”
tworzyć (się), formować (się)
form
to begin to exist, or to make something begin to exist
“We are learning more about how stars are formed.”,
“The trees form new leaves once the weather improves.”
tworzyć (się), formować (się)
form
to take or to make something take a particular shape
“Hold hands and form a circle.”,
“Form the dough into little balls.”
tworzyć
form
to make something by combining different parts
“In English you form the present participle by adding -ing to the verb.”
utworzyć
form
to start an organization or business
“Brown formed her own company eleven years ago.”
stanowić
form
to be the thing talked about or be part of it
“The Alps form a natural barrier between Italy and Switzerland.”,
“Her diary forms the basis of the book.”
wyrobić sobie zdanie/odnieść wrażenie
form
to begin to have a particular opinion or idea about something because of the information you have
temat
theme
the subject of a book, film, speech, etc
“The theme of loss runs through most of his novels.”
temat muzyczny, muzyka/piosenka/melodia przewodnia
theme
the music that is played at the beginning and end of a particular television or radio programme
edukacja, oświata, wykształcenie
educational
the process of teaching and learning in a school or college, or the knowledge that you get from this
“More money should be spent on education.”,
“We expect a good standard of education for our children.”
zakres, zasięg
scope
how much a subject or situation relates to
“Do we know the full scope of the problem yet?”
miejsce, możliwość
scope
the opportunity to do something
“There is plenty of scope for improvement.”
Bóg
God
in Jewish, Christian, or Muslim belief, the spirit who created the universe and everything in it, and who rules over it
“He prayed to God to make his mother well again.”
bóg
God
a spirit, especially a male one, that people pray to and who has control over parts of the world or nature
“the ancient Greek gods and goddesses”
(O) (Mój) Boże !
God
used to emphasize how surprised, angry, shocked, etc you are
“Oh my God! The car has been stolen.”
dzięki Bogu
God
something you say when you are happy because something bad did not happen
“Thank God nobody was hurt in the accident.”
hotel
hotel
a place where you pay to stay when you are away from home
“We spent our honeymoon in a luxury hotel.”,
“a hotel room “
zaskakujący, nieoczekiwany, dziwny
surprising
not expected and making someone feel surprised
“It’s not surprising you’re putting on weight, the amount you’re eating!”
w centrum, centralny
downtown
in or to the central part or main business area of a city
“downtown Chicago”
pojazd
vehicle
something such as a car or bus that takes people from one place to another, especially using roads
narzędzie (do lub dla) czegoś , nośnik czegoś
vehicle
something that you use as a way of telling people your ideas or opinions
“The paper was merely a vehicle for his political beliefs.”
planowany, planowy, oczekiwany
due
expected or planned
“He was due to fly back this morning.”,
“Her book is due out (= expected to be published) next week.”,
“When is the baby due (= expected to be born)?”
z powodu czegoś
due
because of something
“The train was late due to snow.”
należny
due
Money that is due is owed to someone and must be paid.
“The rent is due today.”
należny
due
Something that is due to you is something that is owed to you or something you deserve.
“He didn’t get the praise and recognition that was due to him.”
należyty
due
correct and suitable
“He was fined for driving without due care and attention.”
szykować się na coś lub do czegoś
due
If you are due for something, it should happen very soon.
“I’m due for a check-up at the dentist’s.”
oddawać komuś sprawiedliwość
due
something that you say when you want to describe someone’s good qualities after they have done something wrong or after you have criticized them
“Joe’s a bit slow but, to give him his due, he does work hard.”
prosto na wschód/północ/południe/zachód itp.
due
directly east/north/south/west, etc
“sail/fly due south”
bilet
ticket
a small piece of paper that shows you have paid to do something, for example travel on a bus, watch a film, etc
“a lottery ticket”,
“plane tickets”
mandat
ticket
a piece of paper that orders you to pay money because you have put your car in an illegal place, driven too fast, etc
“a parking ticket”
rozbierać (się)
strip
to remove all your clothes, or to remove all of someone else’s clothes
“She was stripped and searched by the guards.”,
“He stripped off his clothes and ran into the sea.”
usuwać, zdzierać
strip
to remove a covering from the surface of something
“to strip paint/wallpaper off the wall”
pasek, skrawek
strip
a long, narrow piece of something
“a strip of paper/plastic”
pas
strip
a long, narrow area of land or water
striptiz
strip
entertainment in which someone takes off their clothes in a sexually exciting way
“a strip club/show”
jechać, iść
go
to move or travel somewhere
“I’d love to go to America.”,
“We went into the house.”,
“Are you going by train?”
jechać, iść
go
to move or travel somewhere in order to do something
“Let’s go for a walk.”,
“We’re going camping tomorrow.”
znikać
go
to disappear or no longer exist
“When I turned round the man had gone.”
dobrze/źle itp. iść lub pójść
go
to develop in a particular way
“My exams went really badly.”
być, pozostawać
go
to continue to be in a particular state
“We won’t let anyone go hungry.”
działać
go
to work correctly
“Did you manage to get the car going?”
psuć się, szwankować
go
to stop working correctly
“Her hearing is going, so speak loudly.”
pasować
go
If two things go, they match each other.
“Any colour goes with jeans.”
mijać, upływać
go
If time goes, it passes.
“The day went very quickly.”
lecieć, iść
go
to have a particular tune or words
“I can’t remember how it goes.”
robić, zachowywać się
go
to make a particular sound or movement
“My dog goes like this when he wants some food.”
próba, ≈ spróbować
go
an attempt to do something
“I had a go at catching a fish.”,
“If you think you might like skiing, why don’t you give it a go (= try to do it)?”
kolej
go
someone’s turn to do something
“Throw the dice Jane, it’s your go.”
suszyć komuś głowę , czepiać się kogoś
go
to criticize someone angrily
“My mother’s always having a go at me about my hair.”
poradzić sobie z czymś
go
to try to make something succeed, usually by working hard
“They’re determined to make a go of their business.”
uzasadniać, usprawiedliwiać
justify
to give a good enough reason to make something seem acceptable
“I don’t know how they can justify those ticket prices.”
wyjustować
justify
in printing, to arrange the spaces between words so that lines are the correct length, usually to form a straight line at the edges
napięcie
tension
a feeling of fear or anger between two groups of people who do not trust each other
“ethnic/racial tension “,
“There are growing tensions between the two countries.”
napięcie
tension
a feeling that you are nervous, worried, and not relaxed
“You could feel the tension in the room as we waited for her to arrive.”
naprężenie, napięcie
tension
how tight or stiff a muscle, rope, etc, is, or the quality of being tight or stiff
ciało, mięso
flesh
the soft part of a person’s or animal’s body between the skin and bones
w naturze , na żywo
flesh
in real life and not on television or in a film
“She looks much taller in the flesh.”
miąższ
flesh
the soft part of a fruit or vegetable that you can eat
surowy
raw
not cooked
“raw meat/vegetables”
surowy
raw
in the natural state
“raw materials”,
“raw sugar”
otarty
raw
If a part of the body is raw, the skin has come off and it is red and painful.
wzrok
sight
the ability to use your eyes to see
“Doctors managed to save his sight.”
widok kogoś/czegoś
sight
the fact of seeing someone or something
“The sight of so much blood had shocked him.”,
“I can’t stand the sight of her (= I hate her).”
pole widzenia , zasięg wzroku
sight
the area that it is possible for you to see
“Eventually he disappeared from sight.”,
“I looked for her but she was nowhere in sight.”,
“I was able to park within sight of the house.”,
“Security guards were waiting out of sight (= where they could not be seen).”
widok
sight
something that you see, especially something interesting
“the sights and sounds of the market”
na pierwszy rzut oka
sight
the first time you see or hear about something or someone
“It may, at first sight, seem a surprising choice.”
atrakcje turystyczne
sight
the beautiful or interesting places in a city or country, that a lot of people visit
“He took me around New York and showed me the sights.”
dostrzec, widzieć
sight
to see something that is difficult to see or that you have been looking for
“The ship was last sighted off the French coast at 8 o’clock yesterday evening.”
w tym czasie , tymczasem
meanwhile
in the time between two things happening, or while something else is happening
“The mother is ill. The child, meanwhile, is living with foster parents.”
cebula
onion
a round vegetable with layers that has a strong taste and smell
wstęp, wejście
entry
the act of coming into or going into a place
“She was refused entry to the US.”,
“Police gained entry by breaking a window.”
wstąpienie, wejście, przystąpienie
entry
the act of joining an organization or taking part in a competition
“Are there lots of exams for entry into the legal profession?”,
“an entry form”
praca (konkursowa)
entry
a piece of work that you do to try to win a competition
“The first ten correct entries will receive a prize.”
zapis, hasło, pozycja
entry
one of the pieces of information or writing that is recorded in a book such as a dictionary, or in a computer system
“a diary entry”
wprowadzanie
entry
the act of putting information into something such as a computer system
“data entry “
następnego dnia/ranka itp.
following
the next day/morning, etc
co następuje , następujący
following
what comes next, often used to introduce a list, report, etc
“The following is an extract from her diary: Today I stayed in bed all day.”
poparcie
following
a group of people who support a leader, sport, etc, or admire a particular performer
“He has a large and loyal following.”
po, w następstwie
following
after or as a result of
“He died on October 23rd, following several years of illness.”
strażni-k/czka
guard
someone whose job is to make certain someone does not escape or to protect a place or another person
“a security guard “,
“prison guards “
straż
guard
a group of soldiers or police officers who are protecting a person or place
konduktor/ka
guard
someone who is in charge of a train
osłona
guard
something that covers or protects someone or something
“a fire guard “
stać na straży
guard
to be responsible for protecting a place or a person
“Armed police stood guard outside the house.”
być pod strażą
guard
to be kept in a place by a group of people who have weapons
“The suspect is now under guard in the local hospital.”
strzec
guard
to protect someone or something from being attacked or stolen
“Soldiers guarded the main doors of the embassy.”
strzec
guard
to watch someone and make certain that they do not escape from a place
“Five prison officers guarded the prisoners.”
otaczać
surround
to be or go everywhere around something or someone
“The house is surrounded by a large garden.”,
“The police have surrounded the building.”,
“the surrounding countryside”
być otoczonym kimś/czymś
surround
to have a lot of people or things near you
“She’s surrounded by the people she loves.”
otaczać, spowijać
surround
If a feeling or situation surrounds an event, it is closely connected with it.
“Mystery still surrounds the exact circumstances of his death.”
otwór
opening
a hole or space that something or someone can pass through
“We found an opening in the fence and climbed through.”
początek
opening
the beginning of something
“The opening of the opera is quite dramatic.”
otwarcie
opening
a ceremony at the beginning of an event or activity
“I’ve been invited to the opening of the new exhibition on Tuesday.”
(wolny) etat, wakat
opening
a job or an opportunity to do something
“There’s an opening for an editorial assistant in our department.”
otwierający, początkowy
opening
happening at the beginning of an event or activity
“the opening night “,
“her opening remarks “
kwiat
flower
the attractive, coloured part of a plant where the seeds grow
“a bunch of flowers “
kwiat
flower
a type of plant that produces flowers
“spring/wild flowers”
kwitnąć
flower
When plants are in flower, they have flowers on them.
kwiat czegoś
flower
the best part of something
“the flower of our nation’s youth”
kwitnąć
flower
to produce flowers
“These pansies flower all summer.”,
“a flowering plant”
zareagować
react
to say, do, or feel something because of something else that has been said or done
“He reacted angrily to her comments.”
reagować
react
to become sick because something that you have eaten or used on your body has had a bad effect on you
“My skin reacts to most perfumes.”
reagować
react
In science, if a substance reacts with another substance, it changes.
“Carbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide.”
uprzedni, wcześniejszy
prior
existing or happening before something else
“The course requires no prior knowledge of Spanish.”
przed czymś , poprzedzający coś
prior
before a particular time or event
“the weeks prior to her death”
pole
field
an area of land used for growing crops or keeping animals
“a wheat field”,
“a field of cows”
boisko
field
an area of grass where you can play a sport
“a football field”
dziedzina
field
an area of study or activity
“He’s an expert in the field of biochemistry.”
stawka
field
the people who are competing in a race, activity, or business
“We lead the field in genetic research.”
pole
field
a part of a computer screen that is for a particular type of information, or a piece of information in a database
“There’s a field for you to enter your name and address.”
złoże gazu /ropy
field
an area of land containing gas or oil
pole grawitacyjne /magnetyczne
field
an area affected by a particular physical force
łapać
field
to try to catch or stop a ball after it has been hit in a game such as cricket or baseball
“Are we fielding or batting?”
wystawiać
field
to send out a team or player to play in a game
“Brazil fielded a strong team in the World Cup.”
odpowiadać na pytania /telefony
field
to answer or deal with questions/telephone calls
zabójstwo, śmierć
killing
a murder, or when someone or something is killed
“the killing of civilians”
obłowić się
killing
to make a lot of money very quickly
pewny
sure
certain
“I’m sure that he won’t mind.”,
“She’s not sure what she’s going to do next.”,
“I’m quite sure about the second answer.”
upewnić się, sprawdzić
sure
to take action so that you are certain that something happens, is true, etc
“Make sure that you close all the windows before you leave.”
być pewnym czegoś , być przekonanym o czymś
sure
to be confident that something is true
“He’ll win, I’m sure of it.”
na pewno
sure
without any doubts
“I think he’s from Korea but don’t know for sure.”
być pewnym siebie
sure
to be confident of your own abilities, qualities, etc
“She’s always been very sure of herself.”
na pewno coś zrobić nie zapomnieć coś zrobić
sure
If you are sure to do something, it is certain that you will do it.used to tell someone what they must remember to do
“He’s sure to go back there again.”,
“Be sure to tell her I called.”
pewna oznaka czegoś
sure
something that makes something seem certain to be true
pewnik, pewna rzecz
sure
something that is certain to happen
“Death is the one sure thing about life.”
jasne, pewnie
sure
used to show agreement
"”Can I borrow your pen please?” “Sure.””
oczywiście, rzeczywiście
sure
as expected
“He said the book was on his desk, and sure enough, there it was.”
żołądek
stomach
the organ inside your body where food goes after it has been eaten and where it starts to be digested
brzuch
stomach
the front part of your body just below your chest
“He punched me in the stomach.”
nie mieć odwagi na coś
stomach
to not feel brave enough to do something unpleasant
mieć za słabe nerwy na coś
stomach
to be unable to deal with, watch, etc something unpleasant
“I can’t stomach horror movies.”
bieda, nędza, ubóstwo
poverty
the state of being very poor
“to live in poverty “
oficer
officer
someone with an important job in a military organization
“an army/naval officer “
funkcjonariusz/ka, urzędni-k/czka
officer
someone who works for a government department
“a customs officer”,
“a prison officer”
policjant/ka
officer
a police officer
“a uniformed officer”
gang
gang
a group of young people who spend time together, usually fighting with other groups and behaving badly
“a member of a gang “,
“gang violence”
gang
gang
a group of criminals who work together
“a gang of armed robbers”
paczka
gang
a group of young friends
wzruszać (ramionami )
shrug
to move your shoulders up and down to show that you do not care about something or that you do not know something
“I told him we weren’t happy with it but he just shrugged his shoulders.”
film
film
a story shown in moving pictures, shown at the cinema or on television
“‘Titanic’ was one of the most popular Hollywood films ever made.”
film
film
special thin plastic used for making photographs or moving pictures, or a length of this
“I need to buy another roll of film.”
warstwa, powłoka
film
a thin layer of something on a surface
“A thick film of dust covered the furniture.”
filmować
film
to record moving pictures with a camera, usually to make a film for the cinema or television
“Most of the scenes were filmed in a studio.”
informacje, informacja
information
facts about a situation, person, event, etc
“a vital piece of information “,
“Police are urging anyone with information about the crime to contact them.”
maska
mask
a covering for the face that protects, hides, or decorates the person wearing it
zamaskować
mask
to prevent something from being noticed
“I’ve had to put some flowers in there to mask the smell.”
do
into
towards the inside or middle of something
“Stop running around and get into bed!”,
“He’s gone into a shop across the road.”
na
into
used to show when a person or thing changes from one form or condition to another
“Peel the cucumber and chop it into small cubes.”,
“We’re planning to turn the smallest bedroom into an office.”,
“Her last novel was translated into nineteen languages.”
w sprawie
into
involving or about something
“an investigation into the cause of the fire”
w, na
into
in the direction of something or someone
“She was looking straight into his eyes.”
w, na
into
moving towards something or someone and hitting them
“I backed the car into the garden wall.”
interesować się czymś , przepadać za czymś
into
to be very interested in something
“Kate’s really into classical music.”
w, na
into
used when dividing one number by another
“What’s 5 into 125?”
terroryzm
terrorism
the use of violence for political purposes, for example putting bombs in public places
“an act of terrorism “
płomień
flame
hot, bright, burning gas produced by something on fire
“Smoke and flames were pouring out of the burning factory.”,
“The whole building was soon in flames (= burning).”,
“The car crashed and burst into flames (= suddenly started burning).”
bluzgi (= w mejlu, na forum, itp.)
flame
an angry email or message in a chat room, etc.
bluzgać
flame
to send an angry email to someone
stosunkowo
relatively
quite, when compared to other things or people
“Eating out is relatively cheap.”,
“Students will find the course relatively easy.”
-
gray
US spelling of grey
operacja
surgery
the activity in which a doctor cuts people’s bodies open and repairs or removes something
“to have surgery “,
“heart/knee surgery”
gabinet
surgery
a place where doctors or other medical workers treat people
ich
their
belonging to or relating to a group of people, animals, or things that have already been talked about
“It was their problem, not mine.”
swój, jego, jej
their
used to refer to what belongs to or relates to a person when you want to avoid saying ‘his’ or ‘her’ or when you do not know if the person is male or female
“Did this person give their name?”
cały
entire
whole or complete
“She spent her entire life caring for other people.”
dziadek, dziad
grandfather
the father of your mother or father
powodzenie
success
the achievement of what you want to achieve
“Her success is due to hard work and determination.”
sukces
success
something that has a good result or that is very popular
“His first film was a great success.”
uzdolniony
gifted
A gifted person has a natural ability or is extremely intelligent.
“a gifted athlete”,
“a school for gifted children”
proces
process
a series of actions that you take in order to achieve a result
“Buying a house can be a long and complicated process.”
proces
process
a series of changes that happen naturally
“the ageing process “,
“Recovery from the operation is a slow and painful process.”
przy okazji , przy tym, w dodatku
process
If you are doing something, and you do something else in the process, the second thing happens as a result of doing the first thing.
“She stood up to say hello and spilled her drink in the process.”
być w trakcie czegoś
process
to have started doing something
“We’re in the process of painting our apartment.”
przetwarzać
process
to add chemicals to a substance, especially food, in order to change it or make it last longer
“processed food “
przetwarzać
process
to deal with information or documents in an official way
“Visa applications take 28 days to process.”
przetwarzać
process
When a computer processes data (= information), it does things to it so that it can be used and understood
podobny
similar
Something which is similar to something else has many things the same, although it is not exactly the same.
“The two houses are remarkably similar.”,
“The style of cooking is similar to that of Northern India.”
młody
young
having lived or existed for only a short time and not old
“young children/people”,
“We were very young when we met.”
młodzież
young
young people generally
“It’s the sort of music that appeals mainly to the young.”
czyjeś młode
young
an animal’s babies
czerwony
red
being the same colour as blood
“a red shirt”
rudy
red
Red hair is an orange-brown colour.
“Rosie’s got red hair and freckles.”
zarumienić się
red
If someone goes red, their face becomes red because they are embarrassed or angry.
“He kissed her on the cheek and she went bright red.”
czerwony
red
Red wine is made from black grapes (= small, round, purple fruits).
czerwień
red
the colour of blood
z ujemnym saldem , na debecie
red
If your bank account is in the red, you have spent more money than there was in it.
hipoteza
hypothesis
a suggested explanation for something that has not yet been proved to be true
jard (= = 0,9144 metra)
yard
a unit for measuring length, equal to 0.9144 metres or 3 feet
“There’s a bus stop a few hundred yards up the road.”
podwórko, ogródek, ogród
yard
an area of land in front of or behind a house
podwórko
yard
a small area of ground next to a building, often with a fence or wall around it
“a school yard”
znaleźć
find
to discover something or someone that you have been searching for
“I can’t find my glasses and I’ve looked everywhere.”,
“Police found the missing girl at a London railway station.”,
“Has he found himself a place to live yet?”
znaleźć
find
to discover something or someone by chance
“The body was found by a man walking his dog.”,
“I found a $10 bill on the sidewalk.”
odkryć
find
to become aware that something exists, or has happened
“I came home to find that my cat had had kittens.”,
“I found that I could easily swim a mile.”
znajdować energię /pieniądze /czas itp.
find
to have or get enough energy/money/time, etc to do something
“Where do you find the energy to do all these things?”
uważać, że ktoś/coś jest łatw-y/e/nudn-y/e/śmieszn-y/e itp.
find
to think or feel a particular way about someone or something
“I still find exams very stressful.”
znaleźć się gdzieś /zorientować się, że się coś robi
find
to become aware that you have gone somewhere or done something without intending to
“I suddenly found myself making everyone’s lunch.”
występować
find
to exist or be present somewhere
“Vitamin C is found in oranges and other citrus fruit.”
uznać kogoś za winnego /niewinnego
find
to judge that someone is guilty or not guilty in a law court
“She was found guilty of murder.”
odkrycie, znalezisko
find
something or someone valuable, interesting, or useful that you discover
“This hotel was a real find.”
trzymać
hold
to have something in your hand or arms
“He was holding a glass of wine.”,
“She held the baby in her arms.”,
“They were holding hands and kissing.”
przytrzymać, trzymać
hold
to keep something in a particular position
“Can you hold the door open please?”,
“Hold your hand up if you know the answer.”,
“The frame was held together with screws.”,
“They held a gun to his head.”
przeprowadzać
hold
to organize an event
“to hold talks/an election”
mieścić
hold
to contain something or to be able to contain a particular amount of something
“The bucket holds about 10 litres.”
mieć, zajmować
hold
to have a particular job, position, or qualification
“She held the post of treasurer.”
mieć, zajmować
hold
to have a particular position in a competition
“to hold the world record”,
“to hold the lead”
przechowywać
hold
to store documents, information, etc in a particular place
“The documents are held in the local library.”
przetrzymywać
hold
to keep someone as a prisoner
“Police held the suspect overnight.”,
“The hijackers are holding them hostage/prisoner.”
zajmować
hold
If soldiers hold a place, they control it.
“Rebel troops held the village.”
uważać/wierzyć/reprezentować stanowisko
hold
to believe something
“They held the view that it was wrong to smack children.”
rozmawiać
hold
to have a conversation
utrzymywać czyjąś uwagę / czyjeś zainteresowanie
hold
to keep someone interested in something
“The film held my attention from beginning to end.”
czekać, nie rozłączać się
hold
to wait on the telephone until someone can speak to you
“Her line’s busy. Would you like to hold?”,
“Hold the line, please.”
wytrzymać
hold
to not break
“The rope held.”
Poczekaj!
hold
used to tell someone to wait or stop doing something
“Hold it! I’ve forgotten my coat.”
posiadać akcje
hold
to own shares (= small, equal parts of the value of a company)
wstrzymywać oddechczekać z zapartym tchem
hold
to intentionally stop breathing for a timeto wait for something to happen, often feeling anxious
zatykać nos
hold
to close your nose with your fingers to avoid smelling something unpleasant
chwyt
hold
the action of holding something or someone, or the way you do this
“Keep a tight hold on your tickets.”
złapać coś/kogoś , chwycić coś/kogoś
hold
to start holding something or someone
“He tried to escape, but I grabbed hold of his jacket.”
znaleźć coś/kogoś , złapać kogoś
hold
to obtain something, or to manage to speak to someone
“I got hold of a copy at the local library.”,
“I rang three times, but couldn’t get hold of her.”
odłożony na późniejoczekujący (przy telefonie )
hold
If a plan or activity is on hold, it will not be done until a later time.waiting to speak to someone on the telephone
“The project is on hold until we get more money.”,
“His secretary put me on hold.”
zatrzymać coś , nie wyrzucać czegoś
hold
to keep something
“Keep hold of this. You might need it later.”
kontrola nad czymś/kimś
hold
power or control over something or someone
“Their company has a strong hold on the computer market.”
ładownia
hold
an area on a ship or aircraft for storing things
“a cargo hold”
rozciągać (się)
stretch
to become longer or wider, or to pull something so that it becomes longer or wider
“Don’t pull my sweater - you’ll stretch it.”
wyciągać (się)
stretch
to make your body or part of your body straighter and longer
“Stretch your arms above your head.”
rozciągać się gdzieś
stretch
to cover a large area
“The fields stretched away into the distance.”
przeciągać się na/do itp.
stretch
to continue for a long period of time
“The discussions will probably stretch into next month.”
obszar, odcinek
stretch
an area of land or water
“a stretch of coastline”
okres
stretch
a continuous period of time
“He often worked ten hours at a stretch.”
ćwiczenie rozciągające
stretch
the action of stretching part of your body
“I always do a few stretches before I go jogging.”
częstotliwość, częstość
frequency
the number of times something happens in a particular period, or the fact that something happens often or a large number of times
“The frequency of attacks seems to have increased recently.”
częstotliwość
frequency
the rate at which a sound wave or radio wave is repeated
“the very high frequencies of a television signal”
znaczący, znaczny
substantial
large in amount
“a substantial change/increase”,
“a substantial amount of money/time”
solidny
substantial
large and strong
“a substantial building”
winny
guilty
ashamed because you have done something wrong
“I feel so guilty about not going to see them.”
winny
guilty
having broken a law
“The jury found her guilty (= decided that she was guilty of a crime).”,
“They found him guilty of rape.”
mieszkania , zakwaterowanie
housing
buildings for people to live in
“a shortage of local housing”
zatonąć, zatapiać
sink
to go down or make something go down below the surface of water and not come back up
“The Titanic sank after hitting an iceberg.”,
“During the first wave of attacks, they sank three enemy ships.”
zatapiać (się), zagłębiać (się)
sink
to go down, or make something go down, into something soft
“My feet keep sinking into the sand.”,
“It sank its teeth into his arm.”
obniżać się
sink
to move down slowly
“The sun sank below the horizon.”
zlew, umywalka
sink
a bowl that is fixed to the wall in a kitchen or bathroom that you wash dishes or your hands, etc in
mieszać (się)
mix
If two or more substances mix, they combine to make one substance, and if you mix two or more substances, you combine them to make one substance.
“Mix the powder with water to form a paste.”,
“Put the chocolate, butter, and egg in a bowl and mix them all together.”,
“Oil and water don’t mix.”
łączyć (się)
mix
to have or do two or more things, such as qualities, styles, activities, etc, at the same time
“a feeling of anger mixed with sadness”
spotykać się
mix
to meet and talk to people
“She enjoys going to parties and mixing with people.”
mieszanka
mix
a combination of things or people, often in a group
“There’s a good mix of nationalities in the class.”
proszek, ≈ coś w proszku
mix
a powder to which you add liquid in order to make something
“cake mix”
prośba, wniosek
request
a question which politely or officially asks for something
“His doctor made an urgent request for a copy of the report.”,
“An application form is available on request (= if you ask for it).”,
“A clause was added to the contract at his request (= because he asked).”
prosić, poprosić
request
to politely or officially ask for something
“We’ve requested a further two computers.”,
“They requested that no photographs be taken in the church.”
oczywisty
obvious
easy to understand or see
“an obvious choice/answer”,
“It’s obvious that he doesn’t really care about her.”
móc
may
used to talk about what is possibly true or will possibly happen
“There may be other problems that we don’t know about.”,
“I think I may have a cold.”
móc
may
used to ask or give permission
“May I be excused, please?”,
“You may begin.”
to prawda, że … ale
may
used to show that the first thing you say is not important when compared to another fact
“It may be cheap but it’s not very good.”
maj
may
the fifth month of the year
meble
furniture
objects such as chairs, tables, and beds that you put into a room or building
“antique furniture”,
“The only piece of furniture in their living room is a sofa.”
terapia
therapy
the work of treating mental or physical illness without using an operation
“cancer therapy”,
“She’s now in therapy to help her deal with her alcohol problem.”
garaż
garage
a small building, often built next to a house, that you can put a car in
warsztat, salon samochodowy, stacja benzynowa
garage
a business that repairs or sells cars, and sometimes also sells fuel
zlokalizować
locate
to find the exact position of someone or something
“Police are still trying to locate the suspect.”
mieścić się gdzieś
locate
to be in a particular place
“Both schools are located in the town.”
postrzeganie, percepcja
perception
what you think or believe about someone or something
“The public perception of him as a hero is surprising.”
postrzeganie
perception
the ability to notice something
“Alcohol reduces your perception of pain.”
oficjalny
official
approved by the government or someone in authority
“the official language of Singapore”,
“an official document “
oficjalny
official
relating to the duties of someone in a position of authority
“the official residence of the ambassador”,
“an official visit “
oficjalny
official
known by the public
“It’s official - they’re getting married!”
oficjalny
official
An official explanation or statement is one that is given, but which may not be true.
“The official reason for the delay is bad weather.”
(wyższy) urzędnik
official
someone who has an important position in an organization such as the government
“a senior official”,
“a UN official”
brzeg, skraj
edge
the part around something that is furthest from the centre
“Rick was sitting on the edge of the bed.”,
“She ran down to the water’s edge.”
ostrze
edge
the part of a blade of a knife or tool that cuts
“a sharp/cutting edge”
przesunąć się/ coś gdzieś
edge
to move somewhere gradually, or to make something move somewhere gradually
“She edged her way through the crowd of reporters.”
obramować, obrzeżać
edge
to put something around the edge of something else as a decoration
“The cloth was edged with gold.”
zranić
hurt
to cause someone pain or to injure them
“Simon hurt his knee playing football.”,
“She hurt herself when she slipped on an icy step.”
boleć
hurt
If a part of your body hurts, it is painful.
“My eyes really hurt.”,
“Where does it hurt?”,
“It hurts to walk on it.”
sprawiać ból
hurt
to cause emotional pain to someone
“Her comments about my work really hurt.”
zaszkodzić
hurt
to have a harmful effect on something
“His chances of re-election were hurt by allegations of corruption.”
( komuś ) nie zaszkodzi coś zrobić
hurt
used to say that someone should do something
“It wouldn’t hurt to get there a bit earlier than usual.”
ranny
hurt
injured or in pain
“Several people were seriously hurt in the accident.”,
“Put that knife away before someone gets hurt.”
urażony
hurt
upset or unhappy
“She was deeply hurt by what he said.”
ból, krzywda
hurt
emotional pain
“She has caused a lot of hurt.”
możliwość
possibility
a chance that something may happen or be true
“a distinct/real possibility”,
“Is there any possibility of changing this ticket?”,
“There is a strong possibility that she was lying.”
ewentualność, możliwość
possibility
something that you can choose to do
"”We could go by car.” “Yes, that’s a possibility.””,
“Have you considered the possibility of flying?”
ogrodzenie, płot
fence
a wood, wire, or metal structure that divides or goes around an area
“a garden/electric fence”
uprawiać szermierkę
fence
to take part in the sport of fencing
ziarno
grain
a seed or seeds from types of grass that are eaten as food
“grains of wheat/rice”
ziarnko, ziarenko
grain
a very small piece of something
“a grain of sand/sugar”
odrobina
grain
a very small amount of a quality
“There isn’t a grain of truth in her story.”
słoje , układ włókien , faktura
grain
the natural direction and pattern of lines which you can see in wood or material
“to cut something along/against the grain”
zgadywać, domyślać się
guess
to give an answer or opinion about something without having all the facts
“Can you guess how old he is?”,
“I would say he probably works in the media, but I’m just guessing.”
zgadnąć, odgadnąć
guess
to give a correct answer without having all the facts
"”You’ve got a promotion!” “Yes, how did you guess?””,
“I’d never have guessed that you two were related.”
myślę, sądzę
guess
used when you think that something is probably true or likely
“I’ve known her for about 12 years, I guess.”
myślę, że tak/nie
guess
used when you agree/disagree but are not completely certain about something
Nie uwierzysz !
guess
something you say when you have some surprising news for someone
“Guess what? I’m pregnant.”
próba zgadnięcia
guess
an attempt to give the right answer when you are not certain what it is
“How old do you think John is? Go on, mainly UK have a guess/ US take a guess.”,
“At a guess, I’d say there were about 70 people there.”
domysł
guess
an opinion that you have formed by guessing
“My guess is they’ll announce their engagement soon.”
być wielką niewiadomą
guess
to be something that no one can be certain about
“What happens after the election is anybody’s guess.”
wróg
enemy
a person who you dislike or oppose
“I try not to make any enemies.”
wróg
enemy
a country or army that your country or army is fighting against in a war
“enemy forces/territory”
wysokość, wzrost
height
how tall or high something or someone is
“a man of average height”,
“The tower measures 27.28 metres in height.”
wysokość
height
how far above the ground something is
“The aircraft was flying at a height of about 6000 metres.”
wzrost
height
being tall
“People always make comments about his height.”
szczyt czegoś
height
the strongest or most important part of something
“I met him when he was at the height of his fame.”
poprawiać
enhance
to improve something
“Winning that award greatly enhanced her reputation.”
(= czasownik posiłkowy służący do tworzenia zdań pytających i zaprzeczonych)
do
used with another verb to form questions and negative phrases
“Do you need any help?”,
“When does the next bus leave?”,
“I don’t know.”
(= używany w krótkich pytaniach na końcu zdania, które po polsku tłumaczy się jako prawda? lub nieprawdaż?)
do
used in a phrase at the end of a sentence to make it into a question
“Sarah lives near here, doesn’t she?”,
“That doesn’t make any sense, does it?”
(= zastępuje czasownik, którego nie chcemy powtarzać)
do
used to avoid repeating a verb that has just been used
"”I hate that song.” “So do I.””,
“My sister reads a lot more than I do.”
(= tworzy konstrukcję podkreślającą czasownik główny, której odpowiada polskie naprawdę)
do
used to emphasize the main verb
“He does like you, he’s just shy.”,
“Do come and visit us soon.”
robić
do
to perform an action or job
“Go upstairs and do your homework.”,
“What are you doing this weekend?”,
“What does she do? (= What is her job?) “
robić
do
to make or prepare something
“Our printer only does black and white copies.”,
“Max’s Cafe does great sandwiches.”
źle/dobrze itp. się spisać, ≈ komuś źle/dobrze itp. poszło
do
to be unsuccessful/successful, etc
“Sam did very well UK in her exams/ US on her exams.”
studiować biologię/francuski/historię itp.
do
to study biology/French/history, etc
robić sobie włosy /makijaż itp. , uczesać się/pomalować się itp.
do
to make your hair/make-up, etc look nice
dobrze komuś zrobić
do
to have a good effect on someone
“A holiday would do you good.”
narobić szkód /zaszkodzić itp.
do
to cause damage/harm, etc
“Luckily the fire didn’t do much damage.”
wystarczy
do
will be satisfactory
“You don’t have to pay now, next week will do.”
jechać, pędzić
do
to travel at a particular speed
“For most of the journey we were doing 70 miles an hour.”
impreza
do
a party
“Are you going to the Christmas do?”
oszczędność
saving
If you make a saving, you pay less money than you would usually have to.
“a saving of 20 euros”
lewy, w lewo, po lewej
left
on or towards the side of your body that is to the west when you are facing north
“Step forward on your left leg.”,
“She had a diamond earring in her left ear.”,
“Turn left at the end of the hallway.”
lewa (strona), lewo
left
the left side
“Ned’s the man sitting on my left in that photo.”,
“Jean’s house is last on the left.”
lewica
left
political groups that believe that power and money should be shared more equally among people
“The proposals were sharply criticized by the Left.”
-
left
past of leave
rząd
government
the group of people who officially control a country
“The Government has cut taxes.”,
“a government department”
rządy
government
the method or process of governing a country
“a new style of government”
rzucać
throw
to make something move through the air by pushing it out of your hand
“Amy threw the ball to the dog.”,
“He threw the book at the wall.”,
“Throw me a chocolate.”,
“How far can you throw?”
rzucać coś , ciskać coś
throw
to put something somewhere quickly and without thinking about it
“He threw his clothes on the floor and got into bed.”
zarzucać/zrzucać/rzucać itp. coś
throw
to suddenly and quickly move your body or a part of your body
“She threw her arms around the child.”,
“Gabriela threw herself onto the bed and started to cry.”
zrzucać kogoś /rzucać kimś do przodu itp.
throw
to make someone move somewhere suddenly or fall down
“The bus suddenly stopped and we were thrown forward.”
zbić z tropu
throw
to make someone feel shocked or confused
“It threw me completely when he asked me to marry him.”
rzucać
throw
to make light or shadows (= dark shapes) appear on something
“The trees threw shadows across the road.”
rzut
throw
the act of throwing something
“a throw of the dice”
cytryna
lemon
an oval, yellow fruit that has sour juice
“a slice of lemon “,
“lemon juice “
etniczny
ethnic
relating to a particular race of people
“ethnic minorities “
wczesny, wcześnie
early
near the beginning of a period of time, process, etc
“the early 1980s”,
“It is too early to say whether he will recover completely.”
wczesny, przedwczesny, przed czasem , za wcześnie
early
before the usual time or the time that was arranged
“early retirement”,
“The plane arrived ten minutes early.”
najwcześniej
early
used after a time or date to show that something will not happen before then
“Building will not begin until July at the earliest.”
na początku , szybko
early
in the first stage or part of something
“I lost interest quite early on in the book.”
biblioteka
library
a room or building that contains a collection of books and other written material that you can read or borrow
istotny, znaczący
relevant
related or useful to what is happening or being talked about
“relevant information “,
“Education should be relevant to children’s needs.”
reżim
regime
a system of government or other control, especially one that people do not approve of
“the former Communist regime”
menu, karta
menu
a list of food and drinks that you can order in a restaurant
“a lunch/dinner menu”,
“I ordered the most expensive thing on the menu (= available in the restaurant).”
menu
menu
a list that appears on a computer screen of the choices available in a computer program
“a pop-up menu “
w ciągu
within
before a particular period of time has finished
“The ambulance arrived within 10 minutes.”,
“Consume within two days of purchase.”
w odległości , w promieniu
within
less than a particular distance from something
“She was born within 20 miles of New York.”,
“The hotel is within easy reach of (= near) the airport.”
w, wewnątrz
within
inside an area, group, or system
“a dispute within the department”,
“There’s a pharmacy within the hospital building.”
w ramach
within
not outside the limits of something
“The project was completed well within budget.”
w ramach prawa /przepisów /swoich praw itp.
within
allowed according to the law/the rules/your rights, etc
“You’re perfectly within your rights to complain.”
wewnętrznie, w środku , od środka
within
inside something
“The organization needs to change from within.”
prawdopodobny
likely
expected
“Do remind me because I’m likely to forget.”,
“It’s likely that he’ll say no.”
prawdopodobny
likely
probably true
“the most likely explanation”
prawdopodobnie
likely
probably
“She’ll most likely come without him.”
Na pewno nie!
likely
used to say that you will certainly not do something
"”So are you coming running with me?” “Not likely!””
bałagan
mess
Someone or something that is a mess, or is in a mess, is dirty or untidy.
“My hair’s such a mess!”,
“The house is in a mess.”,
“Don’t make a mess in the kitchen!”
bałagan, kłopoty
mess
a confused or difficult situation
“She told me that her life was a mess.”,
“If he hadn’t lied, he wouldn’t be in this mess now.”
zrujnować coś
mess
to damage or spoil something
“He made a mess of his first marriage.”
kantyna, kasyno
mess
a place where members of the armed forces eat
“the officers’ mess”
grupa
group
a number of people or things that are together in one place or are connected
“She went camping with a small group of friends.”
zespół, grupa
group
a few musicians or singers who perform together, usually playing popular music
“a pop group “
grupa
group
a set of chemical elements with similar characteristics, that are arranged under one another on the Periodic Table
grupować (się)
group
to form a group or put people or things into a group or groups
“The children are grouped according to their ability.”
