DAT Respiratory System Cheat Sheet Flashcards
filters, moistens, and warms air
nose
passage for food & air
pharynx
throat
pharynx
Dust & mucus are swept back by…
cillia
if non-gas enters the
cough reflex activates
larynx
voice box
larynx
contains C-shaped ringed
cartilage covered by cilia and mucus cells
trachea
what covers tracea during swalling
epiglottis
two bronchi, which
enter the lungs and branch into narrower
bronchioles
Bronchi → Bronchioles:
how many bronchi are there
2
what do bronchi branch into
bronchioles
small sacs at end of bronchioles,
surrounded by blood-carrying capillaries
alveoli
Where gas exchange between the
circulatory system and lungs occurs via
diffusion
alveoli
alveoli is coated with what and why
surfactant , to reduce surface tension
Diaphragm moves down
(contracts)
inhalation
Volume in lungs increases
inhalation
Pressure inside of the lungs
decreases
inhalation
air flows in
inhalation
Diaphragm rises (relaxes)
exhalation
Volume in lungs decreases
exhalation
Pressure inside of the lungs
increases
exhalation
Air rushes out
exhalation
Main buffer molecule in
blood
bicarbonate
what is more soluble in blood than O2
CO2
Most CO2 in blood is transported as…
bicarbonate ion
The conversion of CO2 into HCO3
- is
catalyzed by the enzyme…
carbonic
anhydrase
protein
structure with 4
polypeptide subunits
complexed around an
Fe atom,
hemoglobin
how many subunits does hemoglobin have
4
what ion is hemoglobin complexed around
iron
how many lobes are in left lung
2
how many lobes are in right lung
3
which lung is smaller
left
Membranous cover with 2 layers
- Pleurae:
lines lung surface
- Visceral pleura:
lines inside of chest cavity
Parietal pleura:
between the 2 layers
Intrapleural space:
lower border thoracic cavity
diaphram
aid in breathing
intercostal muscle
Epithelium functions to…
moisten the tract, protect from
pathogens, aid in gas exchange
Trachea and bronchi have what kind of cells
psuedostratified
secrete mucus (what cells)
goblet cells
produce new cells (what cells)
basal cells
sweep debris trapped by mucus
cilia cells
Fish: The gills of fish provide a large surface area that allows for
highly efficient respiration
occurs as water outside the fish
and blood inside the fish slowly past each other = max
diffusion of O2 into the blood and CO2 into water
countercurrent exchange
respiratory control center of the brain
Medulla oblongata
Measure concentrations of specific gases and acids and
uses that information to tell the brain what changes in
respiration need to be made
chemoreceptors
↑ partial pressure CO2 =…
medulla oblongata stimulates rate
of ventilation = diaphragm signaled to contract = lungs
inflate = thoracic pressure decreases
indirectly
monitor [H+
] in the cerebrospinal fluid
Central chemoreceptors (in medulla):
function to monitor the atrial concentrations of
CO2, O2, and pH via H+
Peripheral chemoreceptors (in carotid arteries and
aorta):
A left shift on the oxygen dissociation curve results in
oxygen
being held more tightly by hemoglobin.
A right shift involves
physiological states where tissues need
more oxygen.
factors that shift curve to rigth
(CO2, Acid, 2,3-DPG, Exercise, and Temperature)
how to remember factors that shift curve to the right
CADET, face right
