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bio > DAT Respiratory System Cheat Sheet > Flashcards

DAT Respiratory System Cheat Sheet Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

filters, moistens, and warms air

A

nose

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2
Q

passage for food & air

A

pharynx

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3
Q

throat

A

pharynx

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4
Q

Dust & mucus are swept back by…

A

cillia

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5
Q

if non-gas enters the
cough reflex activates

A

larynx

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6
Q

voice box

A

larynx

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7
Q

contains C-shaped ringed
cartilage covered by cilia and mucus cells

A

trachea

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8
Q

what covers tracea during swalling

A

epiglottis

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9
Q

two bronchi, which
enter the lungs and branch into narrower
bronchioles

A

Bronchi → Bronchioles:

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10
Q

how many bronchi are there

A

2

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11
Q

what do bronchi branch into

A

bronchioles

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12
Q

small sacs at end of bronchioles,
surrounded by blood-carrying capillaries

A

alveoli

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13
Q

Where gas exchange between the
circulatory system and lungs occurs via
diffusion

A

alveoli

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14
Q

alveoli is coated with what and why

A

surfactant , to reduce surface tension

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15
Q

Diaphragm moves down
(contracts)

A

inhalation

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16
Q

Volume in lungs increases

A

inhalation

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17
Q

Pressure inside of the lungs
decreases

A

inhalation

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18
Q

air flows in

A

inhalation

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19
Q

Diaphragm rises (relaxes)

A

exhalation

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20
Q

Volume in lungs decreases

A

exhalation

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21
Q

Pressure inside of the lungs
increases

A

exhalation

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22
Q

Air rushes out

A

exhalation

23
Q

Main buffer molecule in
blood

A

bicarbonate

24
Q

what is more soluble in blood than O2

A

CO2

25
Q

Most CO2 in blood is transported as…

A

bicarbonate ion

26
Q

The conversion of CO2 into HCO3
- is
catalyzed by the enzyme…

A

carbonic
anhydrase

27
Q

protein
structure with 4
polypeptide subunits
complexed around an
Fe atom,

A

hemoglobin

28
Q

how many subunits does hemoglobin have

A

4

29
Q

what ion is hemoglobin complexed around

A

iron

30
Q

how many lobes are in left lung

A

2

31
Q

how many lobes are in right lung

A

3

32
Q

which lung is smaller

A

left

33
Q

Membranous cover with 2 layers

A
  • Pleurae:
34
Q

lines lung surface

A
  • Visceral pleura:
35
Q

lines inside of chest cavity

A

Parietal pleura:

36
Q

between the 2 layers

A

Intrapleural space:

37
Q

lower border thoracic cavity

A

diaphram

38
Q

aid in breathing

A

intercostal muscle

39
Q

Epithelium functions to…

A

moisten the tract, protect from
pathogens, aid in gas exchange

40
Q

Trachea and bronchi have what kind of cells

A

psuedostratified

41
Q

secrete mucus (what cells)

A

goblet cells

42
Q

produce new cells (what cells)

A

basal cells

43
Q

sweep debris trapped by mucus

A

cilia cells

44
Q

Fish: The gills of fish provide a large surface area that allows for

A

highly efficient respiration

45
Q

occurs as water outside the fish
and blood inside the fish slowly past each other = max
diffusion of O2 into the blood and CO2 into water

A

countercurrent exchange

46
Q

respiratory control center of the brain

A

Medulla oblongata

47
Q

Measure concentrations of specific gases and acids and
uses that information to tell the brain what changes in
respiration need to be made

A

chemoreceptors

48
Q

↑ partial pressure CO2 =…

A

medulla oblongata stimulates rate
of ventilation = diaphragm signaled to contract = lungs
inflate = thoracic pressure decreases

49
Q

indirectly
monitor [H+
] in the cerebrospinal fluid

A

Central chemoreceptors (in medulla):

50
Q

function to monitor the atrial concentrations of
CO2, O2, and pH via H+

A

Peripheral chemoreceptors (in carotid arteries and
aorta):

51
Q

A left shift on the oxygen dissociation curve results in

A

oxygen

being held more tightly by hemoglobin.

52
Q

A right shift involves

A

physiological states where tissues need
more oxygen.

53
Q

factors that shift curve to rigth

A

(CO2, Acid, 2,3-DPG, Exercise, and Temperature)

54
Q

how to remember factors that shift curve to the right

A

CADET, face right

bio (49 decks)

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