DAT Biochem Cheat Sheet info

Question 1

Molecule:

Answer 1

Groups of 2+ atoms held together
by chemical bonds due to electron
interactions

Question 2

Macromolecules:

Answer 2

Macromolecules: Large molecules
(polymers) formed from the bonding of
smaller molecules (monomers)

Question 3

Ionic Bonds:

Answer 3

Transfer of e- from one atom to another atom of
very different electronegativity

Question 4

Covalent Bonds:

Answer 4

Bonds: Sharing of e- between atoms of similar
electronegativities

Question 5

Nonpolar:

Answer 5

equal e- sharing

Question 6

Polar:

Answer 6

unequal e- sharing, forms dipole

Question 7

Hydrogen Bonds:

Answer 7

Weak bond between a hydrogen atom and an
electronegative atom (F, O, or

Question 8

Dehydration Reaction:

Answer 8

Reaction: Links monomers to form
polymers, forming H2O in the process

Question 9

Hydrolysis:

Answer 9

Uses water to break polymers into
monomers

Question 10

protein monomer

Answer 10

amino acids

Question 11

protein olymer

Answer 11

peptide

Question 12

protein linkage type

Answer 12

peptide bondpr

Question 13

primary protein structure

Answer 13

Primary: Linear chain sequence
of amino acids

Question 14

Secondary protein structure

Answer 14

Local folding of
chain into α-helices/β-sheets via
H-bonding between amino &
carboxyl groups of adjacent
amino acids

Question 15

Tertiary:

Answer 15

3D shapes due to
noncovalent interactions
between R groups (disulfide
bonds are covalent exceptions)

Question 16

Quaternary:

Answer 16

3D protein shape
consisting of 2+ separate
peptide chains

Question 17

carbohydrate linkage type

Answer 17

glycosidic

Question 18

Monosaccharides:

Answer 18

Single sugar
molecule (e.g., Glucose)

Question 19

Disaccharides:

Answer 19

2 joined sugar
molecules (e.g., Glucose +
Fructose = Sucrose)

Question 20

Polysaccharides:

Answer 20

Polymer of
sugar molecules. Includes starch
(α-glucose), glycogen (α-glucose),

cellulose (β-glucose), chitin (β-
glucose)

Question 21

lipids

Answer 21

non polar, hydrophobic molecules

Question 22

Monomer of lipids

Answer 22

Hydrocarbons

Question 23

polymer lipids

Answer 23

hydrocarbon chains

Question 24

lipid linkage type

Answer 24

covalent carbon carbon

Question 25

Triglycerides:

Answer 25

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 26

Saturated

Answer 26

(single bonds, straight chain)

Question 27

Unsaturated

Answer 27

(double bonds, branched chain)

Question 28

Phospholipids:

Answer 28

2 fatty acids + phosphate
group attached to glycerol backbone

Question 29

Steroids:

Answer 29

Three 6-membered rings + one 5-
membered ring (hormones, cholesterol)

Question 30

Porphyrins:

Answer 30

4 joined pyrrole rings with a
metal center atom

Question 31

Linkage type: nucleic acids

Answer 31

phosphodiester bond

Question 32

Nucleotide Structure:

Answer 32

Nitrogenous base + 5-C
sugar + phosphate group

Question 33

A and T pair via how many bonds

Answer 33

2

Question 34

C and G pair via how many bonds

Answer 34

3