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bio > DAT Nervous System Cheat Sheet > Flashcards

DAT Nervous System Cheat Sheet Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of several dendrites, single branched axon, and cell
body (soma) –

A

neuron

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2
Q

Receive initial stimulus from environment

A

Sensory (Afferent):

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3
Q

Receive input from sensory and
send to motor neuron

A

association (interneuron)

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4
Q

Make up 99% of the body’s neurons

A

association (interneuron)

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5
Q

From brain, stimulate target cells (effectors)
to elicit response

A

motor (efferent)

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6
Q

Receive
information to transfer to
cell body

A

dendrites

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7
Q

Site of action
potential generation

A

axon hilcock

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8
Q

Transfer impulses
away from cell body

A

axon

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9
Q

Capable of dividing

A

gilal cells

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10
Q

Produce myelin in CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes:

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11
Q

Produce myelin in PNS

A

Schwann cells

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12
Q

CNS phagocytes

A

Microglia:

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13
Q

Circulate CSF with cilia

A

Ependymal cells:

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14
Q

Support cells in PNS

A

Satellite cells:

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15
Q

Physically support CNS neurons;

A

astrocytes

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16
Q

maintain nutrient and
mineral balance

A

astrocytes

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17
Q

afferent

A

sensory

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18
Q

efferent

A

motor

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19
Q

Innervates skeletal muscle

A

somatic ns

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20
Q

Voluntary or involuntary
movements

A

somatic ns

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21
Q

what does somatic ns use at neuromuscular junctions

A

ACh

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22
Q

two branches of autonomic ns

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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23
Q

sympathetic branch is responsible for what

A

fight or flight

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24
Q

Increased blood pressure & heart
rate, ejaculation, generation of
energy

A

fight or flight

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25
Q

Inhibition of digestion, urination,
and salivary secretion

A

fight or flight

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26
Q

parasympathetic branch is responsible for what

A

rest and digest

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27
Q

Lowered heart rate
* Increased digestion, relaxation,
and sexual arousal

A

rest and digest

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28
Q

Contains the brain, spinal cord, and interneurons

A

CNS

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29
Q

CNS includes what

A

brain, spinal cord, interneurons

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30
Q

blockade of cells that prevents or slows the passage of drugs, ions, and pathogens into the
CNS à

A

blood brain barrier

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31
Q

what is blood brain barrier permeable to

A

O2, CO2, glucose, and small non-polar molecules

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32
Q

largest part of the brain

33
Q

(smell),

A

Olfactory bulb

34
Q

(relay between spinal cord and
cerebral cortex),

35
Q

(visceral functions ex. sleep,
hunger, temperature regulation),

A

hypothalamus

36
Q

(planning/learning movement sequences),

A

basal ganglia

37
Q

(memory)

A

hippocampus

38
Q

hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus
(behavioral and emotional responses)

A

limbic system

39
Q

what is limbic system responsible for

A

behavioral and emotional response

40
Q

thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal
gland

A

Diencephalon subdivision

41
Q

Cerebrum contains…

A

cerebral cortex

42
Q

4 lobes of cerebral cortex

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

43
Q

Conscious thought (attention), what lobe

44
Q

Sensory; somatosensation, proprioception, what lobe

45
Q

Sound processing/interpretation, what lobe

46
Q

Visual input, what lobe

47
Q

Relay center for
visual/auditory
impulses

48
Q

Motor control

49
Q

posterior part of the brain

50
Q

2 parts of hindbrain

A

cerebellum, brain stem

51
Q

Balance and coordination

A

cerebellum

52
Q

Connects cerebrum to spinal cord

A

brain stem

53
Q

Relay center (cortex ←→ cerebellum)

54
Q

Controls breathing & heart rates, GI activity

A

medulla oblongata

55
Q

what part of brain are medulla oblongata and pons found

A

brain stem

56
Q

↑ diameter and ↑ myelination of axon =

A

quicker propagation of impulse

57
Q

-70 mV with K+ higher inside the cell; Na+ higher
outside

A

resting potential

58
Q

Stimulus increases neuron’s potential with the opening
of gated ion channels from which Na+ enters and depolarizes axon; if
the -50 mV threshold is reached, an action potential will open voltage
gated Na+ channels down the entire neuron à all-or-nothing!

A

depolarization

59
Q

Polarization is restored with K+ moving out of gated ion
channels

A

repolarization

60
Q

Excess K+ leaving neuron before channels fully close

A

hyperpolarization

61
Q

Neuron unresponsive to new stimulus until the
Na+/K+ pump returns ions to resting potential locations

A

refractory period

62
Q

Maintains resting potential of -70 mV
using ATP

63
Q

Respond strongly to their own stimuli and
weakly to others.

A

sensory resceptors

64
Q

For touch, what receptor

A

mechanoreceptor

65
Q

For temperature, what receptor

A

thermoreceptor

66
Q

For pain, what receptor

A

Nociceptors

67
Q

for light, what receptors

A

Electromagnetic Receptors

68
Q

For taste, smell, blood chemistry, what resceptor

A

chemoreceptors

69
Q

ACh Binds to ACh receptors on…

A

post-synaptic membrane for nerve transmission

70
Q

ACh Secretion at neuromuscular junctions =

A

contraction or relaxation of muscles (PNS)

71
Q

ACh Recycled back to presynaptic vesicle via…

A

acetylcholinesterase

72
Q

Most common CNS neurotransmitter in vertebrates;

73
Q

excitatory, amino acids

74
Q

Found in brain; inhibitory

75
Q

Found in CNS outside brain; inhibitory

76
Q

Found in CNS outside brain; inhibitory

77
Q

act in sympathetic nervous system

A

Epinephrine (E) and Norepinephrine (NE)

78
Q

bronchodilation and vasodilation to lungs and skeletal muscles;

A

epinephrin

79
Q

vasoconstriction to the
digestive system and kidneys

A

epinephrin

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