DAT Diversity of Life Cont Flashcards

Question

tracheids

Answer 1

long and tapered where water passes laterally from one to another through pits

Answer 2

these structures are shorter and wider, and they have less or no taper at the ends. A column of vessel elements (members) is called a vessel.

Answer 3

this tissue transports sugar. It is made of cells called sieve-tube members (elements) that form fluid conducting columns called sieve tubes

Answer 4

Epicotyl, plumule, hypocotyl, radicles, coleoptiles

Answer 5

this part is at the top portion of the embryo and becomes the shoot tip

Answer 6

these are young leaves often attached to the epicotyl and located underneath the epicotyl.

Answer 7

located at the bottom region of the young shoot. attached to cotyledons

Answer 8

adicles develop from below the hypocotyls and become the roots

Answer 9

sheath in monocots that surrounds and protects the epicotyl.

Answer 10

specific environmental cues such as water, temperature, light, or seed coat damage

Answer 11

imbibition of water, then enzymes are activated, respiration begins

Answer 12

tips of roots and shoots

Answer 13

root cap, zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of maturation

Answer 14

it protects the apical meristem behind it. The root cap secretes polysaccharides that moisten the soil, permitting root growth

Answer 15

formed from the dividing cells of the apical meristem. This zone is right above the apical meristem

Answer 16

newly formed cells from the zone of cell division absorb water and elongate. This zone is responsible for our perception of growth

Answer 17

cells differentiate and mature into the xylem, phloem, parenchyma, or epidermal cells (root hairs may grow here)

Answer 18

increases girth, origin of woody plant tissues

Answer 19

epidermis, cortex, endodermis, vascular cylinder

Answer 20

lines the outside surface of the root. In the zone of maturation, the epidermal cells produce root hairs. When the zone of maturation ages, the root hairs die.

Answer 21

makes up the bulk of the root.

Answer 22

this is a ring of tightly packed cells at the inner-most portion of the cortex.

Answer 23

made up of vascular tissue (phloem and xylem) and the pericycle. The stele is located within the endodermis.

Answer 24

epidermis, cortex, vascular cylinder

Answer 25

located between the primary xylem (located closer to the center) and the primary phloem (located closer to the outside). The vascular cambium is a cylinder of tissue that extends the width of the stem and the root.

Answer 26

mature (dead) xylem tissues

Answer 27

Epidermis, Palisade mesophyll , Spongy mesophyll, Guard cells, Vascular bundles

Answer 28

protective layer(s) that is covered with a cuticle which reduces transpiration

Answer 29

specialized for photosynthesis

Answer 30

Numerous intercellular spaces provide air chambers for carbon dioxide to reach photosynthesizing cells, and for oxygen to reach respiring cells

Answer 31

control the opening and closing of stomata. Therefore, guard cells also control gas exchange

Answer 32

mostly transport

Answer 33

apoplastic pathway, symplastic pathway

Answer 34

water moves through cell walls and intercellular spaces from one cell to another without ever entering the cells

Answer 35

water moves through the cytoplasm of one cell to another through plasmodesmata (small tubes that connect cytoplasm of adjacent cells)

Answer 36

water moves from the soil through the root and into the xylem by a concentration gradient.

Answer 37

capillary action causes the rise of liquids in narrow tubes, and it can also contribute to the movement of water up the xylem.

Answer 38

transpiration, cohesion, bulk flow

Answer 39

high temp (close) low CO2 (open) night or day,

Answer 40

blue light, when stimulated the stomata opens

Answer 41

movement of carbohydrates thru phloem from a source (leaves) to sink (site of carb util)

Answer 42

Sugars enter the sieve-tube members, Water enters sieve-tube members, Through sieve tubes, pressure in the sieve-tube members at the source moves water and sugars to sieve-tube members at the sink, Pressure is reduced in sieve-tube members at the sink as sugar is removed for utilization by nearby cells

Answer 43

promotes plant growth and the elongation of cells by increasing the proton concentration in primary cell walls

Answer 44

group of hormones that promotes cell growth (flower and stem elongation). Gibberellins are synthesized in young leaves/roots/seeds and then transported to other parts of the plant.

Answer 45

stimulates cytokinesis, and it also stimulates and influences the direction of organogenesis. Cytokinins stimulate the growth of lateral buds, which weakens the apical dominance created by auxins.

Answer 46

gas that promotes the ripening of fruit, the production of flowers, and influences leaf abscission and apoptosis.

Answer 47

growth inhibitor. In buds, it delays growth and forms scales, and maintains dormancy in seeds

Answer 48

when a plant grows towards or away from a light source.

Answer 49

plant’s response to gravity by the stems and roots. Auxin and gibberellins are involved. If the stem is horizontal, auxin concentrates on the lower side and the stem bends upward. If the root is horizontal, auxin produced at the apical meristem moves up in the roots and concentrates on the lower side.

Answer 50

this is a plant’s response to touch. For example, thigmotropism can be seen when vines wrap around an object that they are in contact with

Answer 51

response in plants to changes in photoperiod

Answer 52

these plants flower in the spring and early summer when daylight is increasing

Answer 53

these plants flower in late summer and early fall when daylight is decreasing

Answer 54

these plants do not flower in response to daylight changes but due to temperature or water instead

Answer 55

proteins modified with light-absorbing chromophores. (red and far red)