DAT Cells and Organelles Cheat Sheet Flashcards
where is the cells DNA contained?
nucleus
where are cell activities such as protein synthesis and reproduction coordinated?
nucleus
Cytoplasm
fluid-filled area in which the cell’s
metabolic activities occurs; also
includes the organelles
nucleolus
Site of ribosome (rRNA) synthesis
how many layers is the mitochondria?
2
what is the site of fatty acid catabolism
mitochondira
what does mitochondria have its own of?
own circular DNA and ribsomes
where is ATP made in cell
mitochondria
Ribosomes
Made of rRNA; makes proteins
Functions to synthesize
and store proteins.
Rough ER
Has ribosomes attached to the
structure.
rough ER
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Functions to synthesize lipids and
steroid hormones for exportdi
difference btw smooth and rough ER
rough synthesizes and stores protein, smooth synthesizes lipids and steroid hormones
Golgi
Modifies and packages proteins
what are Lysosomes made by
golgi
function of lysosome
Golgi. Functions in
apoptosis, and break down of nutrients, bacteria and cell debris
Peroxisomes
Common in the liver & kidney that
function to breakdown substances
Cytoskeleton
Maintain cell shape & movement.
Microtubules:
Composed of tubulin. Support cell &
mobility for cell activities
Centrioles:
development of
spindle fibers for cell division
Cilia:
Short hair like extensions
from cell for movement
Flagella:
Thread-like extension
from cell for movement
Intermediate filaments:
Maintain cell shape
Microfilaments:
Composed of actin. Used for cell
motility
Vacuoles
Vesicles inside cell that move
materials & are membrane bound
Extracellular Matrix
Function to provide mechanical
support & helps bind adjacent cellsw
what is most abundant in the ECM
collagen
� Cell walls (plants)
rovide support
what kind of cell are Plastids: found in
plant
Plastids:
variety of organelles
serving various metabolic
activities such as chloroplasts for
photosynthesis
do prokaryotes have a nucleus
no
what type of DNA do prokaryotes have
Single, circular, naked, double-
stranded DNA
what kind of ribosomes do prokaryotes have
(50S + 30S = 70S)
what is flagella made from in prokaryotes
flagellin
what kind of molecules are allowed through aPhospholipid
Membrane
Allows small, uncharged, hydrophobic molecules to freely pass the
membrane.
what kind of molecules require a transporter in a phospholipid membrane
are large, polar, or charged
requires a transporter.
Cholesterol
Regulates fluidity of cell membrane (↑ temp = ↓ fluidity)
Hypertonic:
higher
solute concentration
Hypotonic:
lower solute
concentration
what kind of things need active trasnport
small ions, amino acids, monosaccharides
Transport Proteins
can use ATP to transport materials
across the membrane; includes active transport
(e.g., sodium-potassium pump) and facilitated
diffusion
Phagocytosis:
Phagocytosis: plasma membrane invaginates around
undissolved material (solid), like bacteria
Pinocytosis:
Pinocytosis: plasma membrane invaginates around
dissolved material (liquid)
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis:
form of pinocytosis in
which specific molecules called ligands bind to receptors
Anchoring Junction:
connects two cells together
what kind of junction are desmosomes
anchoring junction
Tight Junction:
encircles each cell, producing a seal that prevents the passage of
materials between cells; is characteristic of cells lining the digestive tract
Gap Junction:
narrow tunnels between animal cells; allow passage of ions and small
molecules
what do Carrier Proteins do
Changes shape after binding to specific
molecule that enables it to be passed across membrane
types of membrane proteins
channel, carrier, transport
Channel Proteins
Passage through the membrane for
hydrophilic (water-soluble), polar,
and charged substances
