DAT Reproductive System Cheat Sheet Flashcards
Diploid, non-reproductive cells
(E.g., muscle cells, skin cells, nerve cells)
somatic cells
Diploid cells of embryonic origin and
gives rise to gametes via meiosis (E.g.,
spermatogonium, oogonium)
germ cell
Haploid sex cells (E.g., egg and sperm)
gamete
Birth to live young that receive nutrients
directly from the mother’s body
viviparity
Fertilized eggs get laid then hatch later
oviparity
Internally fertilized eggs hatch and give
birth to live young who continue to receive nutrients from
the yolk of the egg
ovivoparity
Reproductive
structures responsible for
producing gametes.
gonads
Site of sperm and male sex hormone production
testicles
what within the testes produce sperm
seminiferous tube
Stimulated by FSH and surround and
nurture the sperm
sertoli cells
Secrete male hormones
(E.g., testosterone and androgens) in the presence of LH
Interstitial cells (Leydig cells):
Coiled tube attached to each testicle that serves as
the site of final sperm maturation and stoOrage.
Epididymis:
Transfers sperm from each epididymis to the
urethra.
Vas deferens:
Excrete fluid into the vas deferens upon
ejaculation.
Seminal vesicles:
Transports semen into vagina.
penis
Produces eggs (ova).
ovary
females have how many ovaries
2
Responsible for moving
the eggs from the ovary to the uterus
Oviduct (Fallopian/Uterine Tube):
Site of fertilization (where the sperm meets the egg).
Oviduct (Fallopian/Uterine Tube):
WHAT of the oviduct sweep the egg into the
fallopian tube once released from the ovary.
The fimbriae
Muscular chamber in which the embryo develops
until birth.
uterous
Zygote attaches to WHAT after fertilization
uterine wall
Muscular canal that serves as a birth canal during
delivery.
vagina
The vagina is connected to the uterus via
the cervix
3 components of sperm
head, mid piece, tail
Contains several features, including the
sperm DNA.
sperm head
Lysosome-like organelle that
penetrates the egg.
acrosome
Haploid (23 chromosomes)… in head of sperm
pronucleous
Plethora of mitochondria for energy. (sperm)
midpiece
Flagellum-produces motion. sperm
tail
pathway of sperm acronym to remember
seven up
pathway of sperm
S – Seminiferous tubules
E – Epididymis
V – Vas deferens
E – Ejaculatory duct
n – nothing
U – Urethra
P – Penis
Sperm fertilize the egg in the
fallopian tube, and it continues to
divide via
cleavage
Heart begins beating, what week of dev
week 5
Development of embryo
has reached fetus stage, what week of dev
week 8
Development has
reached full term
week 40
Meiotic cell divisions à producing eggs
oogenesis
Oogenesis and follicular development occur in
parallel to each other with 2 stages…
before
birth and during adolescence to menopause
During ovulation, the follicle will release…
the egg (secondary oocyte) out of the
ovary and into the fallopian tube
The egg enters the fallopian tube and is
ready to…
potentially be fertilized
The remaining follicle goes on to become
the
corpus leurum
if the released egg is not fertilized what happens to corpus leurum
it disintegrates
development of egg + secretion
of estrogen from follicle
follicular cycle
midcycle release of egg à surge of LH
ovulation
secretion of estrogen +
progesterone from corpus luteum after ovulating
Luteal phase:
males formation of gametes is called
Spermatogenesis
a 2n spermatogonium undergoes mitosis and
meiosis here to eventually mature into
4 sperm that then travel to the epididymis for storage
Hypothalamus releases what in male reproductive cycle
GnRH
GnRH triggers anterior pituitary to release
FSH and LH
FSH stimulates what cells to do what
Sertoli cells to promote the development
of the sperm
(FSH stimulates what process
spermatogenesis
LH stimulates what cells to do what
Leydig cells to release testosterone and
androgens
Upon fertilization, the egg
implants into the uterine lining –
If fertilization of the egg does not
happen,…
it will fail to implant
If implantation does occur, the placenta secretes
human chorionic gonadotropin
(hCG)
what doe hCG do
maintains the corpus luteum and stimulates it to release progesterone
Estrogen + progesterone levels are spiked artificially
high via medication, causing a negative feedback loop
female hormonal contraception
