DAT Immune System Cheat SHeet Flashcards
organism’s defense system against pathogens
immune system
the first line of cellular defense and generates a rapid, nonspecific immune response
innate immune system
Physical and chemical barriers prevent pathogen entry
external immunity
first barrier to pathogens and viruses
skin
WHAT IN saliva and tears
break down microbial cell walls
LYSOZYME
Lines the lungs and sweeps invaders out
CILLIA
Stomach acid kills microbes
GASTRIC JUICE
WHAT come from stem cells in the bone marrow and can differentiate into different types of immune cells
luekocytes
Engulf foreign particles, bacteria, and dead cells via
phagocytosis
phagocytic leukocytes
Function in the destruction of
pathogens in infected tissues
neutrophils
Circulate in blood until they move
into tissues via diapedesis where they develop
into macrophages
monocytes
In tissues, they phagocytize cell
debris and pathogens and are derived from
monocytes
macrophages
Ingest pathogens and stimulate
the acquired immune response
dendritic cells
Function in an allergic response,
inflammatory response, and anaphylaxis
mast cells
Surround and destroy multicellular
parasites
eosinophils
Release histamine in the inflammatory
response and recruited to tissues when needed
basophils
Attack abnormal body cells, either tumors
or pathogen-infected cells.
NK cells
Pro-Tip: Relative abundance of the Leukocytes:
Neutrophils > Lymphocytes > Monocytes > Eosinophils
Are secreted by infected
cells that stimulate neighboring cells to
produce proteins to defend against viral
infections
interferons
Chemical signaling molecules
used in the immune response for cell-cell
communication
cytokines
Specific type of cytokine
Interleukins
IL 1 involved in…
inflammatory response
il2 triggers …
adaptive immune response
contains complement proteins that circulate the body and assist in activating the immune response
complement system
critical to innate immunity and they
are key proteins that link innate and acquired immunity
toll like receptors
Innate Immune cells have toll-like receptors that recognize…
molecular patterns that many pathogens have
if toll like receptors are inhibited, what happens
immune system is inhibited
last line of immune defense that develops after the body has been attacked.
adaptive immune system
immune
response targets specific antigens.
adaptive immunity
specific foreign pathogen or molecule that can trigger an immune response
antigen
a specific part of an antigen to which an antibody binds
epitope
Proteins that bind to a specific antigen they recognize
antigen
Primary cells of the adaptive immune response
lymphocyte
originate in the bone marrow and concentrate in lymphatic tissue such as lymph nodes, thymus gland, and spleen
lymphocytes
originate and mature in the
bone marrow, and are activated in
response to foreign antigens
B cells
glycoproteins
produced by B cells that are
specific to an antigen
anitbodies
5 classes of antibodies
IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM
what shape are antibodies
Y
how many chains of a B cell
2 heavy and 2 light
how are chains linked for b cells
disulfide bond
When a foreign antigen activates a B cell, what occurs
proliferation
what happens once proliferation occurs
daughter B cells produced
B cells that circulate in the
blood and release specific
free antibodies that dispose
of antigens by
agglutination, inactivation,
opsonization, and lysis
plasma cells
Long-lived B cells that store memory
of an antigen they have
encountered.
memory cells
originate in the bone marrow but mature in the
thymus, and have antigen receptors
t cells
4 types of t cells
Cytotoxic T cells, Helper T cells, Suppressor T cells, memory t cells
killer T cells that destroy by
releasing perforin protein and via lysis
cytotoxic t cells
stimulate activation of B cells,
cytotoxic T cells, and suppressor T cells
helper t cells
play a negative feedback role in
the immune system
suppressor t cells
similar in function to Memory B cells
memory T cells
If an individual doesn’t have a functioning
thymus, they would not be able to produce…
t cells
Active and passive immunity are two divisions of…
adaptive immunity
Acquired after direct exposure to an infection/vaccine:
active immunity
Antibodies made after exposure to pathogen
natural active immunity
antibodies made after exposure to a vaccine
artificial active immunity
Acquired from external sources:
passive immunity
Antibodies transferred from mother to baby
natural passive
antibodies given vi serum injection
articialr passive immunity
The three types of antigen presenting cells
macrophages, dendritic cells and b cells
what are both
possible pathways for the adaptive immune
system to regulate an immune response
Cell-mediated and humoral response
(antibody-mediated response)
humoral response
occurs when pathogens are recognized in the blood or lymph
humoral response
critical to humoral response
b cells
occurs when an infected
cell is recognized and bound by a T-cell
cell mediated response
which cells are critical to cell mediated response
T cells
