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bio > DAT Immune System Cheat SHeet > Flashcards

DAT Immune System Cheat SHeet Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

organism’s defense system against pathogens

A

immune system

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2
Q

the first line of cellular defense and generates a rapid, nonspecific immune response

A

innate immune system

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3
Q

Physical and chemical barriers prevent pathogen entry

A

external immunity

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4
Q

first barrier to pathogens and viruses

A

skin

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5
Q

WHAT IN saliva and tears
break down microbial cell walls

A

LYSOZYME

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6
Q

Lines the lungs and sweeps invaders out

A

CILLIA

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7
Q

Stomach acid kills microbes

A

GASTRIC JUICE

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8
Q

WHAT come from stem cells in the bone marrow and can differentiate into different types of immune cells

A

luekocytes

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9
Q

Engulf foreign particles, bacteria, and dead cells via
phagocytosis

A

phagocytic leukocytes

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10
Q

Function in the destruction of
pathogens in infected tissues

A

neutrophils

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11
Q

Circulate in blood until they move
into tissues via diapedesis where they develop
into macrophages

A

monocytes

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12
Q

In tissues, they phagocytize cell
debris and pathogens and are derived from
monocytes

A

macrophages

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13
Q

Ingest pathogens and stimulate
the acquired immune response

A

dendritic cells

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14
Q

Function in an allergic response,
inflammatory response, and anaphylaxis

A

mast cells

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15
Q

Surround and destroy multicellular
parasites

A

eosinophils

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16
Q

Release histamine in the inflammatory
response and recruited to tissues when needed

A

basophils

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17
Q

Attack abnormal body cells, either tumors
or pathogen-infected cells.

A

NK cells

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18
Q

Pro-Tip: Relative abundance of the Leukocytes:

A

Neutrophils > Lymphocytes > Monocytes > Eosinophils

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19
Q

Are secreted by infected
cells that stimulate neighboring cells to
produce proteins to defend against viral
infections

A

interferons

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20
Q

Chemical signaling molecules
used in the immune response for cell-cell
communication

A

cytokines

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21
Q

Specific type of cytokine

A

Interleukins

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22
Q

IL 1 involved in…

A

inflammatory response

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23
Q

il2 triggers …

A

adaptive immune response

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24
Q

contains complement proteins that circulate the body and assist in activating the immune response

A

complement system

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25
Q

critical to innate immunity and they
are key proteins that link innate and acquired immunity

A

toll like receptors

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26
Q

Innate Immune cells have toll-like receptors that recognize…

A

molecular patterns that many pathogens have

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27
Q

if toll like receptors are inhibited, what happens

A

immune system is inhibited

28
Q

last line of immune defense that develops after the body has been attacked.

A

adaptive immune system

29
Q

immune
response targets specific antigens.

A

adaptive immunity

30
Q

specific foreign pathogen or molecule that can trigger an immune response

A

antigen

31
Q

a specific part of an antigen to which an antibody binds

A

epitope

32
Q

Proteins that bind to a specific antigen they recognize

A

antigen

33
Q

Primary cells of the adaptive immune response

A

lymphocyte

34
Q

originate in the bone marrow and concentrate in lymphatic tissue such as lymph nodes, thymus gland, and spleen

A

lymphocytes

35
Q

originate and mature in the
bone marrow, and are activated in
response to foreign antigens

A

B cells

36
Q

glycoproteins
produced by B cells that are
specific to an antigen

A

anitbodies

37
Q

5 classes of antibodies

A

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM

38
Q

what shape are antibodies

A

Y

39
Q

how many chains of a B cell

A

2 heavy and 2 light

40
Q

how are chains linked for b cells

A

disulfide bond

41
Q

When a foreign antigen activates a B cell, what occurs

A

proliferation

42
Q

what happens once proliferation occurs

A

daughter B cells produced

43
Q

B cells that circulate in the
blood and release specific
free antibodies that dispose
of antigens by
agglutination, inactivation,
opsonization, and lysis

A

plasma cells

44
Q

Long-lived B cells that store memory
of an antigen they have
encountered.

A

memory cells

45
Q

originate in the bone marrow but mature in the

thymus, and have antigen receptors

A

t cells

46
Q

4 types of t cells

A

Cytotoxic T cells, Helper T cells, Suppressor T cells, memory t cells

47
Q

killer T cells that destroy by
releasing perforin protein and via lysis

A

cytotoxic t cells

48
Q

stimulate activation of B cells,
cytotoxic T cells, and suppressor T cells

A

helper t cells

49
Q

play a negative feedback role in
the immune system

A

suppressor t cells

50
Q

similar in function to Memory B cells

A

memory T cells

51
Q

If an individual doesn’t have a functioning
thymus, they would not be able to produce…

A

t cells

52
Q

Active and passive immunity are two divisions of…

A

adaptive immunity

53
Q

Acquired after direct exposure to an infection/vaccine:

A

active immunity

54
Q

Antibodies made after exposure to pathogen

A

natural active immunity

55
Q

antibodies made after exposure to a vaccine

A

artificial active immunity

56
Q

Acquired from external sources:

A

passive immunity

57
Q

Antibodies transferred from mother to baby

A

natural passive

58
Q

antibodies given vi serum injection

A

articialr passive immunity

59
Q

The three types of antigen presenting cells

A

macrophages, dendritic cells and b cells

60
Q

what are both
possible pathways for the adaptive immune
system to regulate an immune response

A

Cell-mediated and humoral response

61
Q

(antibody-mediated response)

A

humoral response

62
Q

occurs when pathogens are recognized in the blood or lymph

A

humoral response

63
Q

critical to humoral response

A

b cells

64
Q

occurs when an infected
cell is recognized and bound by a T-cell

A

cell mediated response

65
Q

which cells are critical to cell mediated response

A

T cells

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