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bio > DAT Renal System Cheat Sheet > Flashcards

DAT Renal System Cheat Sheet Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Excretes waste, maintains homeostasis of body fluid volume & solute composition, and
regulates blood pressure

A

kidney

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2
Q

what maintains homeostasis of body fluid volume and solute comp

A

kidney

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3
Q

what regulates blood pressure

A

kidney

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4
Q

Monitors filtrate
pressure in kidney tubules

A

Macula Densa:

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5
Q

what is included in the juxtaglomular apparatus

A

macula densa

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6
Q

If low Blood Pressure →

A

adrenal
cortex is signaled to synthesize
aldosterone → more water is
reabsorbed from the kidney back into
the blood → Blood pressure
increases/normalizes

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7
Q

adrenal cortex is signaled to synthesize what

A

aldosterone

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8
Q

if low blood pressure, is water excreted or reabsorbed in to kidney to blood

A

reabsorbed

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9
Q

Large particles (blood cells
& albumin) remain in circulatory
system; only small particles go
through and form the filtrate, which
is pushed into Bowman’s capsule

A

filtration

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10
Q

what particles stay in circulatory system during filtration

A

large particles (blood cels and albumin)

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11
Q

where is filtrate pushed to

A

Bowmans capsule

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12
Q

Glucose is completely
reabsorbed; after passing through
the components of the nephron,
molecules & ions are pulled back
into blood from kidney

A

reabsorption

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13
Q

what is completely reabsorbed during reabsorption

A

glucose

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14
Q

after passing thru components of the nephron, molecules and ions… what

A

pulled back into blood from kidney

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15
Q

Substances are removed
and secreted from the blood through
peritubular capillaries into the
nephron

A

secretion

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16
Q

where are things secreted from

A

blood

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17
Q

where do the things being secreted move to

A

peritubular capillaries into th enephron

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18
Q

Urine physically leaves
the body

A

excretion

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19
Q

two parts of the nephron

A

Renal Corpuscle, Renal Tubule

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20
Q

what is included in renal corpuscle

A

Bowmans capsule, glomerous

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21
Q

A capillary network that interacts with Bowman’s
capsule

A

glomerous

22
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

into glomerous

23
Q

Efferent arteriole

A

out of glomerous

24
Q

A structure that surrounds glomerulus

A

bowmans capsule

25
Q

Materials are forced out of blood and into the…

A

tubule

26
Q

Cells in Bowman’s capsule that filter blood

A

podocytes

27
Q

components of renal tubule

A

proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tube, collecting duct

28
Q

A portion between Bowman’s capsule and the loop of Henle

A

proximal convoluted tubule

29
Q

where does most reabsorbtion occur

A

pct

30
Q

lots of mitochondria present

A

pct

31
Q

permeable only to water;

A

descending loop of henle

32
Q

water leaves the
kidney tubules, which increases the solute concentration in the
tube

A

descending loop of henle

33
Q

impermeable to water;

A

ascending loop of henle

34
Q

NaCl gets removed,

A

ascending loop

35
Q

decreases the solute concentration in the tube

A

ascending loop

36
Q

More reabsorption of glucose, ions, and water

A

distal convoluted tubule

37
Q

Collects remaining filtrate

A

collecting duct

38
Q

what can act on collecting duct to affect secretion & reabsorption

A

hormones

39
Q

Increases Na+ reabsorption from
the kidney tubules into the
bloodstream

A

aldosterone

40
Q

water retention in
blood is increased, caused by what

A

aldosterone

41
Q

Increases collecting duct permeability to water

A

ADH

42
Q

water is reabsorbed out of kidney tubule and back
into the bloodstream → urine becomes more
concentrated while blood pressure increases… what hormone

A

ADH

43
Q

Alcohol & coffee block synthesis of

A

ADH

44
Q

Aquatic animals excrete NH3 & NH4…

A

directly into water

45
Q

Mammals, sharks, amphibians:
convert NH3 ->

A

urea

46
Q

Birds, insects, reptiles: secrete…

A

uric acid

47
Q

Marine Fish:
* Body cells are WHAT to enviroment

A

hypotonic

48
Q

Constantly drink water to offset water loss

A

marine fish

49
Q

rarely urinate, what kinda fish

A

marine fish

50
Q

Freshwater Fish
* Body cells are… WHAT to enviroment

A

hypertonic to environment →
water enters

51
Q

Rarely drink water

A

freshwater fish

52
Q

Constantly urinate to stop body fluid being
diluted

A

freshwater fish

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