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bio > DAT Digestive System > Flashcards

DAT Digestive System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Initial digestion site

A

mouth

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2
Q

food mixed wit saliva

A

bolus

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3
Q

Area where food & air passages cross

A

Pharynx (Throat)

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4
Q

blocks trachea so only liquid & solids enter

A

eliglottis

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5
Q

Connects the mouth to the stomach

A

esophagus

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6
Q

Bolus travels by…

A

by peristalsis via smooth muscle & salivary lubrication

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7
Q

Food enters the stomach from the esophagus through the…

A

lower
esophageal/cardiac sphincter

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8
Q

what is In gastric juice

A

(digestive enzymes & HCl)

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9
Q

does absorption occur in stomach

A

no, none

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10
Q

Responsible for storage, mixing, physical & chemical breakdown food

A

stomach

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11
Q

(creamy mass of digested food)

A

chyme

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12
Q

Secrete mucus

A

mucus cells

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13
Q

Lubricates & protects the stomach’s
epithelial lining

A

mucus cells

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14
Q

Secrete pepsinogen, which is activated by
low pH in stomach

A

chief cells

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15
Q

Converts to pepsin

A

chief cells

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16
Q

(digests proteins)

A

pepsin

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17
Q

Secrete HCl

A

parietal cells

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18
Q

Secrete gastrin,

A

gastrin

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19
Q

stimulates parietal
cells to secrete stomach acid

A

gastrin

20
Q

Food enters the small intestine from the
stomach through the

A

pyloric sphincter

21
Q

Most digestion & absorption occurs here

A

small intestine

22
Q

The walls of the small intestine have
projections called

A

villi

23
Q

that increase
surface area, allowing for greater
absorption

A

villi

24
Q

Each villi has

A

microvilli

25
Q

3 Segments of the Small Intestine:

A

duodenum, jejunum, illeum

26
Q

Continues breakdown of starches and proteins & remaining food types

A

duodenum

27
Q

(majority of digestion occurs here)

A

duodenum

28
Q

Majority absorption of nutrients occurs here.

A

jejunum

29
Q

Absorption continues; contains Peyer’s patches (lymphoid tissue)

A

illeum

30
Q

Food enters the large intestine from the small intestine via the

A

ileocecal valve

31
Q

4 segments of ileocecal valve

A

Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid

32
Q

large intestine terminates at…

A

rectom

33
Q

Major functions include… large intestine

A

both water & electrolyte absorption

34
Q

Symbiotic bacteria in large intestine aid in digestion and provide…

A

vitamin k and b12

35
Q

Produces bile,

A

liver

36
Q

contains no digestive
enzymes but emulsifies fats

A

bile

37
Q

contains sodium bicarbonate
to help neutralize stomach acid

A

bile

38
Q

Cystic duct + hepatic duct à

A

common bile duct

39
Q

Common bile duct + pancreatic duct ->

A

secretes
into the duodenum

40
Q

Secretes bicarbonate and digestive enzymes to the duodenum

A

pancreas

41
Q

Trypsin/chymotrypsin

A

digest protein

42
Q

(digest lipids)

A

lipase

43
Q

(digest carbohydrates)

A

amylyse

44
Q

(digests nucleic acids)

A

nucleases

45
Q

Digestive Enzymes initially exist as

A

as zymogens (inactive).

46
Q

how do zymogens become active

A

cleaved in the small intestine to their active form

47
Q

Digestive Enzyme Flow:

A

Produced in pancreas à flow from pancreatic duct into duodenum à
neutralizes acidic chyme from stomach & allows for digestion to occur

bio (49 decks)

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