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bio > DAT Endocrine System Cheat Sheet > Flashcards

DAT Endocrine System Cheat Sheet Flashcards

1
Q

targets a distant cell
through the bloodstream

A

endocrine

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2
Q

secretes enzymes into
ducts

A

exocrine

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3
Q

target nearby cell

A

paracrine

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4
Q

targets itself

A

autocrine

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5
Q

Bind to surface cell membrane receptor → Receptors start cell signaling pathways via secondary messengers

A

peptide hormones

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6
Q

where do peptide hormones bind to

A

surface cell membrane receptors

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7
Q

Diffuse plasma membrane and bind receptor in cytoplasm → hormone + receptor is transported into nucleus to act
transcriptionally

A

steroids

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8
Q

after steroids diffuse thru membrane, where is receptor bound

A

in cytoplams

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9
Q

after hormone and receptor is bound, where is it transported (steroids)

A

nucleous

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10
Q

Lipid-soluble, bind to receptors in nucleus, and require protein carrier in blood

A

thyroid hormones

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11
Q

what do thyroid hormones require

A

protein carriers in blood

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12
Q

are thyroid hormones lipid soluable

A

yes

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13
Q

Water-soluble, bind receptors on target tissue, and mainly act via secondary messenger cAMP

A

Catecholamines:

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14
Q

where do catecholamines bind receptors

A

target tissue

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15
Q

what secondary messenger does catecholamines act by

A

cAMP

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16
Q

Small molecules that pass along signals (such as growth
factors and protein hormones)

A

secondary messengers

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17
Q

secondary messengers are Initiated by

A

ligand-receptor binding

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18
Q

examples of secondary messengers

A

Examples: IP3, cAMP, Calcium, DAG

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19
Q

Hypothalamus secretes releasing hormones to the…

A

anterior pituitary gland

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20
Q

what happens when apg receives hormones

A

it releases its own

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21
Q

Hypothalamus secretes…

A

ADH and oxytocin

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22
Q

where is ADH and oxytocin stored

A

posterior pituitary

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23
Q

Secreted by Alpha cells,
released when energy
levels are low

A

glucagen

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24
Q

↑ glucose levels in blood

A

glucagen

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25
Q

Stimulates liver to
convert glycogen to
glucose

A

glucagen

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26
Q

glucogen Stimulates WHAT
in liver

A

gluconeogenesis

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27
Q

Converts stored adipose
tissue into blood lipids

A

glucagen

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28
Q

Secreted by Beta cells

A

insulin

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29
Q

Anabolic, released when energy
levels are high

A

insulin

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30
Q

↓ glucose levels in blood

A

insulin

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31
Q

Stimulates liver & muscle to store
glucose as glycogen

32
Q

Secreted by Delta cells

A

Somatostatin

33
Q

Inhibits release of insulin &
glucagon

A

somatostatin

34
Q

↑ nutrient absorption time by ↓
digestive system flow

A

somatostatin

35
Q

Tropic hormones – Stimulate other…

A

endocrine glands

36
Q

Stimulates adrenal cortex → releases glucocorticoids

37
Q

Stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones

38
Q

Stimulates corpus luteum formation females

39
Q

Stimulates interstitial cells of testes to produce testosterone

40
Q

Stimulates maturation of ovarian follicles to secrete estrogen

41
Q

Stimulates seminiferous tubule maturation & sperm production

42
Q

Nontropic hormones – Directly
stimulate

A

target organs

43
Q

Stimulates bone & muscle
growth

44
Q

Stimulates milk
production

45
Q

Does not synthesize hormones

A

posterior pituitary

46
Q

Stores ADH & oxytocin for release

A

posterior pituitary

47
Q

Increases
reabsorption of water by increasing
permeability of nephron’s collecting duct

A

ADH (vasopressin)

48
Q

Increases strength of uterine
contractions; stimulates milk ejection;
induces maternal behavior

49
Q

Secretes melatonin

A

pineal gland

50
Q

Regulates circadian rhythm
(sleep)

A

pineal gland

51
Q

Immune function

52
Q

Secretes thymosins that
stimulate white blood cells to
become T-cells

53
Q

Antagonistic to the function of
calcitonin

54
Q

Stimulating osteoclasts to
breakdown bone

55
Q

Increasing kidney
reabsorption of calcium

56
Q

Increasing calcium uptake
from the gut

57
Q

Increases spermatogenesis, secondary sex characteristics

A

testosterone

58
Q

Menstrual cycle regulation, secondary sex characteristics

59
Q

Menstrual cycle regulation, pregnancy

A

progesterone

60
Q

↑ basal metabolic rate in body

A

Thyroxine (T4) & Triiodothyronine (T3)

61
Q

Calcitonin *

A

Stimulates osteoblast activity (builds up
bone by using calcium in the blood)

62
Q

what is necessary to synthesize thyroid hormones

63
Q

Converts glycogen to
glucose [↑ blood
glucose]

A

Epinephrine &
Norepinephrine

64
Q

Vasoconstrictor to
kidneys and bladder

A

epinephrin and norepinephrin

65
Q

Raise blood glucose levels

A

glucocordicoids

66
Q

Degrades adipose tissue to use as
energy

A

glucocordicoids

67
Q

↑ reabsorption of Na+ and
excretion of K+ in kidneys

A

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

69
Q

hormones involved with pancreas

A

glucagon, insulin, somatostatin

70
Q

2 types of hormones in anterior pituitary

A

tropic and non tropic hormones

71
Q

hormones involved in posterior pituitary

A

ADH and oxytocin

72
Q

ACTH, LH, Tsh, FSh, what kinda hormone and where

A

tropic, anterior pituitary

73
Q

gh, prolactin what kinda hormone and where

A

non tropic, posterior pituitary

74
Q

t3 and t4 calcintonin where do they come from

75
Q

2 parts of hypothalamus

A

anterior and posterior pituitary

bio (49 decks)

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