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bio > DAT biological diversity pt 3 cheat sheet > Flashcards

DAT biological diversity pt 3 cheat sheet Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Simplest form of a plant with no specialized
vascular system

A

Thallophytes

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2
Q

Thallophytes are….

A

aquatuc

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3
Q

Aquatic and land habitats

A

bryophytes

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4
Q

Mosses, liverworts, hornworts

A

bryophytes

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5
Q

Dominant gametophyte stage

A

bryopjytes

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6
Q

Grow vertically and tall

A

Tracheophytes

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7
Q

Dominant sporophyte stage

A

Tracheophytes

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8
Q

ferns and pine trees

A

trachaeophytes

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9
Q

Undergo double fertilization

A

angiosperm

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10
Q

Most diverse land-based plant

A

angiosperm

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11
Q

Non-flagellated male gametes

A

angiosperm

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12
Q

Produce flowers and have pollen

A

angiosperms

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13
Q

Bear their seeds in fruits

A

angiosperms

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14
Q

One cotyledon

A

monocot

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15
Q

Parallel veins

A

monocot

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16
Q

Scattered vascular bundles

A

monocot

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17
Q

Fibrous root system

A

monocots

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18
Q

Flower parts in multiples of 3

A

monocots

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19
Q

Lilies and Kentucky bluegrass

A

monocots

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20
Q

Two cotyledons

A

dicot

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21
Q

Net-like veins

A

dicot

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22
Q

Ringed vascular bundles

A

dicot

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23
Q

Large single tap root

A

dicot

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24
Q

Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5

A

dicot

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25
Q

Oak trees

A

dicots

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26
Q

Megasporocyte, the megaspore mother cells (2n), are converted into
four megaspores (n) via meiosis

A

Meiosis in Ovary (Female)

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27
Q

One megaspore (n) survives and undergoes
mitosis once fertilized to produce the egg cell and polar nuclei

A

Mitotic Divisions Produce Female Gametophyte

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28
Q

Help flank the cell and help attract/guide pollen tube to the female
gametophyte

A

Two Synergid Cells:

29
Q

Microsporocytes (2n) à four microspores (n) via meiosis

A

Meiosis Within Anther

30
Q

Microspore undergoes mitosis producing male
gametophyte (n), or the pollen grain. Male gametophyte (n) contains generative cell (forms into two
sperm) and tube cell (forms into pollen tube)

A

Mitotic Divisions Produce Male Gametophyte

31
Q

Upon reaching ovule, two sperm are discharged

A

Pollen Tube Elongates Through the Style

32
Q

One male gamete (n) fuses with the female egg gamete (n) to form an
embryo/zygote (2n) & another male gamete fuses with polar nuclei to form endosperm (3n)

A

Double Fertilization Occurs

33
Q

final step of angiosperm lifecycle

A

Zygote Develops into Embryo

34
Q

waxy protective
substance

A

cuticle

35
Q

covering outside of plant parts

A

epidermal

36
Q

help control gas exchange

A

guard cells

37
Q

Responsible for most of the metabolic functions

A

ground tissue

38
Q

Conducts
water and
minerals
throughout
plant

A

xylem

39
Q

Provide
mechanical
support

A

xylem

40
Q

Long and tapered,
water passes laterally from one to
another through pits

A

tracheids

41
Q

Short and wide,
have little to no taper at ends,
perforations allow for H2O to pass
from one vessel element to
another

A

vessel elements

42
Q

Transports
sugar
throughout
plant

A

phoelem

43
Q

Made up of
cells called
sieve-tube
members

A

phoelem

44
Q

Tough outer covering of seed that protects embryo/seed content

A

seed coat

45
Q

(Seed producing plants only)

A

angiosperm

46
Q

primary storage tissue (angiosperm)

A

endosperm

47
Q

= transfers nutrients from endosperm to embryo (angiosperm)

A

Cotyledons

48
Q

Angiosperm seeds are equivalent to

A

fertilized animal eggs

49
Q

angiosperm embryo is diploid or haploid

A

diploid

50
Q

Bending of a plant in response to light

A

phototropism

51
Q

Bending of a plant in response to gravity

A

gravitropism

52
Q

Growth response to mechanical stimuli

A

thigmotropism

53
Q

Influences plant’s response to light +
gravity to stimulate growth/elongation

A

auxin

54
Q

Promote flower + stem elongation

A

Gibberellins:

55
Q

Stimulate cytokinesis (cell division)

A

cytokinins

56
Q

Inhibits growth and promotes
seed dormancy

A

Abscisic Acid:

57
Q

Promotes fruit ripening, flower
production, and leaf abscission

A

Ethylene Gas:

58
Q

Protective layer covered w/ cuticle to reduce
transpiration (water loss through evaporation)

A

eipdermis

59
Q

Has cells w/ chloroplasts and is the primary site
for leaf photosynthesis

A

palisade mesophyll

60
Q

Consist of xylem and phloem – surrounded by
bundle sheath cell

A

vascular bundles

61
Q

Specialized epidermal cells to control opening of
stomata and permit gas exchange

A

guard cells

62
Q

Intracellular spaces allow for gas
travel

A

spongy mesophyll

63
Q

Microscopic pore in epidermis that
allows for gas exchange between
plant and external environment

A

stomata

64
Q

when stomata is open….

A

When open, CO2 can enter the leaf
where photosynthesis can then
occur to make sugar, can lead to water loss

65
Q

Increases length of plant

A

primary growth

66
Q

Increases girth of plant

A

secondary

67
Q

A plant’s response to
changes in length of day
and night (photoperiod)

A

Photoperiodism

68
Q

flower when sunlight is
less than half the day

A

short day plants

69
Q

flower when sunlight is
more than half the day

A

long day plants

bio (49 decks)

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