D3.3 SL / HL Flashcards
Homeostasis
any self-regulating process by which biological systems tend to maintain stabilitywhile adjusting to conditions that are optimal for survival
set points
the physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates. A normal range is the restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable
Negative feedback loop
a normal biological response in which the effects of a reaction slow or stop that reaction
endocrine system
The glands and organs that make hormones and release them directly into the bloodso they can travel to tissues and organs all over the body
hormones
chemicals that coordinate different functions in your bodyby carrying messages through your blood to your organs, skin, muscles and other tissues
Hyperglycemia
where the level of sugar in your blood is too high. It mainly affects people with diabetes and can be serious if not treated
small intestine
A long tube-like organ that connects the stomach and the large intestine. It is about 20 feet long and folds many times to fit inside the abdomen. The small intestine has three parts: the duodenum,jejunum, and ileum
Hypoglycemia
a condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than the standard range. Glucose is your body’s main energy source. Hypoglycemia is often related to diabetes treatment
pancreas
A glandular organ located in the abdomen. It makes pancreatic juices, which contain enzymes that aid in digestion, and it produces several hormones, including insulin
exocrine glands
A gland that makes substances such as sweat, tears, saliva, milk, and digestive juices, and releases them through a duct or opening to a body surface
endocrine glands
An organ that makes hormones that are released directly into the bloodand travel to tissues and organs all over the body
𝞫-cells
cells that make insulin, a hormone that controls the level of glucose (a type of sugar) in the blood. Beta cells are found in the pancreas within clusters of cells known asislets
insulin
A hormone made by theislet cellsof the pancreas. Insulin controls the amount of sugar in the blood by moving it into the cells, where it can be used by the body for energy
glucose carrier proteins
proteins that aid the transportation of glucose to various tissues where they are effectively utilized as an energy source
facilitated diffusion
the diffusion of solutes through transport proteins in the plasma membrane.Facilitated diffusionis a type ofpassivetransport
glycogenesis
the process of synthesizing glycogen from glucose, primarily occurring in the liver and muscle tissues
lipogenesis
process by which simple sugars together with glycerol are converted to fats
kidneys
One of a pair of organs in the abdomen. The kidneys remove waste and extra water from the blood (as urine) and help keep chemicals (such as sodium, potassium, and calcium) balanced in the body. The kidneys also make hormones that help control blood pressure and stimulate bone marrow to make red blood cells
cellular respiration
a metabolic pathway that uses glucose to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an organic compound the body can use for energy.
𝞪-cells
endocrine cells that are found in theIslets of Langerhansin the pancreas. Alpha cells secrete the peptide hormone glucagon in order to increase glucose levels in the blood stream