B4.1 SL / HL

Question 1

Habitat

Answer 1

the natural environment where an organism lives, including all the living and nonliving factors in the area

Question 2

Terrestrial

Answer 2

relating to land or the planet Earth

Question 3

Aquatic

Answer 3

relating to water, or living in, near, or taking place in water

Question 4

Adaptation

Answer 4

a characteristic or feature that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment

Question 5

Sand dunes

Answer 5

mounds of sand that are formed by wind and waves and are a vital habitat for many plants and animals

Question 6

Osmosis

Answer 6

the process by which water molecules move through a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

Question 7

Lyme grass

Answer 7

pecies ofgrassin the family Poaceae, native to the coasts of Atlantic and Northern Europe

Question 8

sclerenchyma

Answer 8

a type of plant tissue that provides strength and support to the plant

Question 9

Rhizome

Answer 9

a modified underground stem of a plant that can grow horizontally and produce roots and shoots

Question 10

fructans

Answer 10

a type of carbohydrate or sugar that are made up of fructose units and a glucose residue at the end

Question 11

Estuaries

Answer 11

a partially enclosed body of water where freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with salt water from the ocean

Question 12

Red Mangrove

Answer 12

evergreen trees that are native to tropical and subtropical coastal regions around the world.They are known for their prop roots, which help support the tree and give it a spider-like appearance.

Question 13

propagule

Answer 13

a structure that helps an organism propagate itself to the next stage in its life cycle

Question 14

abiotic factors

Answer 14

the non-living parts of an ecosystem that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems

Question 15

niches

Answer 15

the role an organism plays in an ecosystem, including the physical and environmental conditions it needs, and how it interacts with other species

Question 16

Range of tolerance

Answer 16

the range of environmental conditions that a species can survive in

Question 17

Optimal range

Answer 17

the range of conditions where an organism or biological system can function at its maximum level

Question 18

Zones of stress

Answer 18

the regions around the optimal zone where organisms can survive but with reduced reproductive success

Question 19

Marram Grass

Answer 19

a spiky, coarse, grey-green grass that grows in sand dunes and is well-adapted to the harsh coastal environment

Question 20

Embryo dune

Answer 20

a small, young sand dune that forms at the base of a dune system and is the first stage in a dune’s life cycle

Question 21

Primary dune

Answer 21

a sand dune that is made up of sand that was blown directly from the beach face

Question 22

Secondary dune

Answer 22

a dune that is formed by the modification of a primary dune or by sand being moved inland from the primary dune

Question 23

Tropical rainforests

Answer 23

dense, hot, and humid forests with a lot of rainfall that are found near the equator

Question 24

Coral reefs

Answer 24

underwater ecosystems made up of tiny animals called coral polyps that live in colonies and form complex structures

Question 25

symbiotic relationship

Answer 25

a close, long-term biological interaction between two or more different species that usually benefits at least one of the organisms involved

Question 26

coral polyps

Answer 26

iny marine animals that are the basic unit of the coral animal

Question 27

zooxanthellae

Answer 27

single-celled algae that live in a symbiotic relationship with other organisms, such as corals, jellyfish, and anemones

Question 28

calcium carbonate

Answer 28

a calcium salt and inorganic compound with many biological and medical uses

Question 29

Mass coral bleaching

Answer 29

a phenomenon that occurs when large numbers of coral reefs experience bleaching at the same time. Coral bleaching is a stress response that happens when corals lose their symbiotic algae and photosynthetic pigments, causing them to turn white or pale in color.

Question 30

ocean acidification

Answer 30

the process by which the ocean's pH decreases over time, primarily due to the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere

Question 31

Biomes

Answer 31

a large geographical area with a distinct climate, vegetation, and animal life. Biomes are made up of multiple ecosystems and habitats, and can span more than one continent

Question 32

Tundra

Answer 32

a cold, harsh, and treeless biome that covers about 10% of the Earth's surface

Question 33

Desert

Answer 33

a large, dry area of land with sparse vegetation and a community of plants and animals that have adapted to the harsh environment

Question 34

Grassland

Answer 34

a large area of land where the vegetation is mostly made up of grasses, sedges, and rushes

Question 35

Taiga (Boreal forest)

Answer 35

a forest that grows in high latitudes with long, cold winters and short, warm summers

Question 36

Deciduous forest

Answer 36

a forest where the trees lose their leaves every year, and then grow new ones in the spring

Question 37

Temperate rainforest

Answer 37

a forest that grows in a temperate climate with high rainfall and humidity, and is influenced by the sea

Question 38

Tropical rainforest

Answer 38

dense, warm, and wet forests that are found near the equator and are known for their incredible biodiversity

Question 39

Convergent evolution

Answer 39

a biological process that occurs when unrelated species evolve similar traits or behaviors to adapt to similar needs or environments

Question 40

Saguaro cactus

Answer 40

a large, tree-like cactus that is the largest in the United States

Question 41

Xerophyte

Answer 41

a plant that has adapted to survive in environments with little water, such as deserts, saline soils, or acid bogs

Question 42

CAM system

Answer 42

CAM stands for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, a specialized type of photosynthesis that helps plants adapt to hot, dry climates

Question 43

Fennec fox

Answer 43

small canids that live in the deserts of North Africa and the Arabian and Sinai peninsulas

Question 44

Vascular

Answer 44

made up of the vessels that carry blood and lymph fluid through the body

Question 45

Kapok tree

Answer 45

a tropical, deciduous tree that is known for its fiber-producing fruit and many other uses

Question 46

Buttress roots

Answer 46

large, wide roots that grow from the base of a tree to provide mechanical support and stability

Question 47

Poison-dart frogs

Answer 47

small, brightly colored amphibians with toxic skin that live in the tropical rainforests of Central and South America

Question 48

Aposematic coloration

Answer 48

a type of coloration that helps organisms warn predators that they are dangerous or inedible