C3.2 SL / HL Flashcards
Pathogens
a microorganism that causes disease in a host organism
Bacteria
small single-celled organisms. Bacteria are found almost everywhere on Earth and are vital to the planet’s ecosystems
Fungi
any member of the group of eukaryotic organismsthat includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
Protists
any member of a group of diverse eukaryotic, predominantly unicellular microscopic organisms.
malaria
a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes
Viruses
microscopic germs that have to infect a host, like humans, animals or plants to reproduce
SARS-CoV-2
definedas a group of related RNA viruses that infect mammals and birds. When infecting humans, these viruses cause respiratory diseases
Skin
the body’s largest organ and primary protective barrier against the environment.It is made up of multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and is part of the integumentary system, which is the body’s outer covering
Epidermis
the outermost layer of skin or the thin surface layer of tissue in plants
Dermis
The inner layer of the two main layers of the skin. The dermis has connective tissue, blood vessels, oil and sweat glands, nerves, hair follicles, and other structures.
Dermal cells
cells in the skin or in plants that protect the body or plant from injury, regulate temperature, and perform other functions
mitosis
a process in which a eukaryotic cell nucleus splits into two, and the parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells
lysosomes
a sac-like organelle in a cell that contains enzymes that break down cellular components
Mutualistic
a biological relationship where two or more species benefit from each other and neither is harmed
Mucous membrane
a moist tissue that lines the inside of organs and cavities in the body
glycoproteins
proteins with sugar molecules attached to them, which are known as oligosaccharides
phagocytes
a type of white blood cell that can engulf and destroy foreign substances, such as dead cells, microorganisms, and parasites
Ciliated cells
specialized cells that have tiny hair-like structures called cilia that beat in a rhythmic motion to move substances in one direction
trachea
a tube-shaped airway that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi, which then lead to the lungs
esophagus
a muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach
Blood clotting
a biological process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged
fibrin
a protein that forms a fibrous network to stop bleeding and heal wounds by trapping blood cells
erythrocytes
red blood cells, the most common type of cell in the blood
leukocytes
known as white blood cells (WBCs), area type of blood cell that are part of the body’s immune system and help fight infection and disease