D3.3 HL only Flashcards
nitrogen containing compounds
essential building blocks of living organisms. Amino acids, nucleic acids, and nucleobases are key biological nitrogen compounds
nitrogenous waste
any waste product that is nitrogen-based.Nitrogenous wastesare formed when proteins are broken down into amino acids for energy. Ammonia is the most basic form of nitrogenous waste and is formed from the remaining amino acids that occur in the breakdown of proteins
NH3
ammonia (NH3),colourless, pungent gas composed of nitrogen and hydrogen.
urea
an organic compound with the chemical formula CO (NH2)2. It is produced in the liver and serves as the metabolic by-product of protein and nitrogen metabolism
uric acid
a chemical created when the body breaks down substances called purines
kidneys
One of a pair of organs in the abdomen. The kidneys remove waste and extra water from the blood (as urine) and help keep chemicals (such as sodium, potassium, and calcium) balanced in the body
Osmolarity
the number of dissolved solute particles per liter of solution
Excretion
the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body
Osmoregulation
maintenance by an organism of an internal balance between water and dissolved materialsregardless of environmental conditions
Dehydration
A condition that occurs when the body loses too much water and other fluids that it needs to work normally
hypertonic
a solution with a comparatively greater solute concentration than that in another solution
Hyperhydration
when the body takes in more water than it loses. Overhydration can occur when people drink much more water than their body needs
hypotonic
solutions having a low amount or concentration of the non-penetrating solutes in comparison to the other solution across asemipermeable membrane
osmotic potential
The ability of water molecules to migrate over a semipermeable membranefrom a hypotonic solution (more water, fewer solutes) to a hypertonic solution
renal vein
The main blood vessel that carries blood from the kidney and ureter to the inferior vena cava
renal artery
large blood vessels that carry blood from your heart to your kidneys
cortex
The cortex surrounds the inside of the organ, which is called themedulla. The renal cortex itself is covered by the renal capsule, which is a layer of tougher protective tissue. The renal cortex is where the nephrons (blood-filtering units) begin
medulla
the inner part of the kidney. The medulla helps regulate the concentration of urine by filtering out water, salts, and acid
pelvis
a funnel collecting the urine produced in the kidney, leading to a central “stem,” the ureter
ureter
The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder