C3.1 HL only

Question 1

sessile

Answer 1

attached directly by the base and not raised on a stalk, or permanently attached and not free to move about

Question 2

cell elongation

Answer 2

the process by which a cell lengthens and changes shape

Question 3

mitosis

Answer 3

a type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell

Question 4

Positive phototropism

Answer 4

a plant’s growth towards a light source

Question 5

Qualitative data

Answer 5

non-numeric information that describes characteristics and properties that can’t be quantified

Question 6

Quantitative data

Answer 6

numerical information that can be measured, counted, or given a numerical value

Question 7

growth hormone

Answer 7

chemical compounds that regulate plant growth, development, and differentiation

Question 8

auxin

Answer 8

a plant hormone that regulates cell growth and other plant processes

Question 9

Phytohormones

Answer 9

chemical messengers that regulate plant growth, development, and other processes

Question 10

Cytokinin

Answer 10

a class of plant hormones that promote cell division and differentiation, and are essential for plant growth and development

Question 11

Ethylene

Answer 11

a gaseous plant hormone that regulates many aspects of plant growth and development

Question 12

Gibberellin

Answer 12

plant hormones that regulate various developmental processes, including stem elongation, germination, dormancy, flowering, flower development, and leaf and fruit senescence

Question 13

facilitated diffusion

Answer 13

a passive transport process that moves molecules or ions across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 14

active transport

Answer 14

the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membranefrom a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration

Question 15

Auxin efflux carrier proteins

Answer 15

membrane proteins that transport auxin out of plant cells

Question 16

hydrogen ion (proton) pumps

Answer 16

a membrane protein that moves hydrogen ions (protons) from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration

Question 17

apoplast

Answer 17

the space between the plasma membrane and the external surface of a plant cell

Question 18

expansin

Answer 18

proteins that loosen plant cell walls, allowing cells to expand and grow

Question 19

large central vacuole

Answer 19

a sac-like organelle in plant cells that stores water, nutrients, and other molecules.It’s often the largest organelle in the cell, and can take up to 90% of its volume.

Question 20

turgor pressure

Answer 20

the force that pushes the plasma membrane of a cell against its cell wall.It’s also known as hydrostatic pressure.

Question 21

phloem

Answer 21

a living tissue in vascular plants that transports organic compounds, like sugars and amino acids, throughout the plant

Question 22

xylem

Answer 22

a vascular tissue in plants that transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant

Question 23

Ripening

Answer 23

the process of organ transformation from unripe to the edible ripe stage having attractive blend of color, taste, aroma and texture

Question 24

ethylene (ethene) gas

Answer 24

a group ofplant growth regulatorswhich are widely used for ripening fruits and for the production of more flowers and fruits

Question 25

Positive feedback loop

Answer 25

a biological mechanism where a reaction’s product increases the reaction itself