CVPR Week 9: Heart Failure Flashcards
Objectives

Heart failure definition

Heart failure epidemiology

Causes of heart failure results in disorders of?
6 listed

What are cardiomyopathies?
- diseases or conditions that affect the myocardium
- can lead to LV dysfunction and possibly heart failure
Cardiomyopathy types

Causes of heart failure

Assessment of function of heart

What is the first test to evaluate heart failure?
Echocardiography
EF AKA
Ejection fraction
EF description
percentage of blood volume in the ventricle pumped out with each beat
EF =
LVEDV - LVESV
LVEDV
Echocardiography

Types of heart failure
- heart failure w/ reduced ejection fraction
- heart failure w/ preserved ejection fraction
What is systolic HF?
systolic heart failure
HF with Left Ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) <= 40%
What is diastolic HF
diastolic heart failure is Heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction
Diastolic HF =
LV EF >= 50%
Borderline diastolic HF =
LVEF 41 - 49%
Systolic HF =
LVEF <= 40%
Prevalence of diastolic HF =
~50%
Heart failure types and ejection fraction equations

Pathophysiology of heart failure
- an index event damages the heart muscle and produces a decline in the pumping capacity of the heart (LV dysfunction)
- Neurohumoral systems are activated
- Initially this increased activity maintains perfusion of vital organs and systems attempt to compensate for the damage of the index event but with time damage the heart
- Heart failure progresses as a result of the overexpression of these systems
Neurohumoral systems that attempt to compensate for heart failure
- Sympathetic nervous system
- Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System
- Vasopressin release
- Cytokine release

































