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CVPR > CVPR Week 7: Renal-Urinary Histology > Flashcards

CVPR Week 7: Renal-Urinary Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Objectives

A
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2
Q

Identify

A
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3
Q

Functional parenchyma

A

Cortex > outer 1 cm, visible vessels separate from

Medulla > conical renal pyramids

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4
Q

Nephron function

A
  • Water-electrolyte balance
  • waste removal
  • Endocrine role
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5
Q

Kidney’s functional unit

A

nephron extends from the cortex to the medulla

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6
Q

Cortical portion of the nephron

A
  • Renal corpuscle (glomerulus & capsule)
  • proximal and distal convoluted tubules
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7
Q

The medullary portion of the nephron

A

loop of Henle

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8
Q

Identify

A
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9
Q

Identify

A
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10
Q

Path of blood flow in the kidney

A

afferent arteriole → glomerulus (filtration) → efferent arteriole

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11
Q

Efferent renal arteriole function

A

supplies capillary beds

  • peritubular capillaries (convoluted tubules)
  • Vasa recta (loop of Henle)
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12
Q

Identify

A

renal corpuscle

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13
Q

Identify

A

renal corpuscle

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14
Q

Vascular component of the renal corpuscle

A

Glomerulus

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15
Q

Endothelial component of the renal corpuscle

A

Visceral epithelium > Podocytes (visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule)

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16
Q

Identify

A
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17
Q

Epithelial component of the renal corpuscle

A

Parietal epithelium > Parietal layer of Bowman’s Capsule

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18
Q

Foot process (pedicles)

A

Encircle capillaries, interdigitate, rest on GBM

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19
Q

Epithelium of the renal corpuscle structure

A
  • simple squamous epithelium continuous with visceral epithelium at the vascular pole, separated by Bowman’s space
  • Transitions to tall columnar epithelium at urinary (tubular pole)
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20
Q

Identify

A
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21
Q

Identify

A
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22
Q

Capillary endothelium description

A

Fenestrated flomerular capillary endothelium

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23
Q

Glomerular basement membrane

A

ECM proteins for adhesion and heparan sulfate for negative charge

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24
Q

Glomerular visceral epithelium organization

A

(Podocyte) filtration slits > filtration slit diapragm > pores

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25
Q

Identify

A
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26
Q

Glomerular filtrate includes

9 listed

A
  • water
  • glucose
  • amino acids
  • ions
  • urea
  • many hormones
  • vitamins B and C
  • ketones
  • very small amounts of proteins
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27
Q

Describe the glomerular filtration barrier

A
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28
Q

Identify

A
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29
Q

Identify

A
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30
Q

The glomerular mesangium

A

Connective tissue cells

31
Q

The glomerular mesangium

A

Extraglomerular > between afferent and efferent arterioles

Intraglomerular > base of glomerular capillary loops

32
Q

The glomerular mesangium function

A
  • support
  • contractile properties
  • phagocytic
33
Q

JGA AKA

A

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

34
Q

JGA

Macula densa > modified DCT cells

A

Macula densa > modified DCT cells

  • sense changes in filtrate and volume and NaCl concentration in DCT
  • Communicate with JG granular cells
35
Q

JGA

Juxtaglomerular granular cells > modified smooth muscle cells

A
  • wall of afferent arteriole
  • release renin
36
Q

Identify

37
Q

Identify

38
Q

The renal tubular system function

A

Reabsorbs filtrate

  • isosmotically active and passive transport
  • The major site of glucose, amino acids, electrolyte, water, and protein reabsorption
39
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule structure

A
  • Simple cuboidal > columnar
  • Dense microvillus border (brush border)
  • increases luminal surface area > absorption
40
Q

Distal convoluted tubule structure and location

A

simple cuboidal > low columnar

no brush border

macula densa between arterioles

tightly packed cells, dense nuclei

merge into cortical collecting duct

41
Q

Distal convoluted tubule function

A

salt absorption and movement of water to collecting duct

42
Q

Loop of Henle structure & location

A
  • Simple cuboidal to simple squamous regions
  • Descend variable distances into the medulla
43
Q

Loop of Henle function

A
  • urine concentration
  • longer loops assist in establishment of hypertonicity gradient in medullary interstitium
44
Q

Identify

45
Q

Collecting ducts/Tubules structure & location

A

Straight ducts with low cuboidal to columnar epithelium

46
Q

Collecting ducts/Tubules function

A

Hormone sensitive

  • Aldosterone > Na+ absorption, K+ secretion
  • ADH (Vasopressin) > water passes into interstitium (without NaCl movement)
47
Q

Storage/Collecting system of the kidneys

A

Minor calyx and bladder

48
Q

Minor calyx and bladder structure

A

similar basic histologic structure

  • Mucosa
  • Muscularis
  • Adventitia/Serosa
49
Q

Minor Calyx and bladder mucosa

A
  • Transitional epithelium, 3-6 cell layers deep
  • lamina propria
    • loose > dense connective tissue
50
Q

Minor Calyx and bladder Muscularis

A
  • 2 layers of smooth muscle (inner circular, outer longitudinal)
  • third layer at ureter/bladder junction
51
Q

Minor Calyx and bladder adventitia/serosa

52
Q

Identify

53
Q

Identify

54
Q

Identify the visceral epithelium

55
Q

Visceral epithelium

A

Podocytes

are actually throughout the glomerulus but easiest to distinguish from capillary endothelial cells at the edge of a glomerular section

56
Q

Identify the parietal epithelium of Bowman’s Capsule

57
Q

Identify Macula Densa

58
Q

Identify parietal epithelium of Bowman’s Capsule

59
Q

What is the structure that blocks large proteins from passing between the capillary and the capsular (Bowman’s space)

A

The glomerular basement membrane is the main barrier to protein passage

60
Q

What cells sense changes in filtrate volume and NaCl concentration?

A

The Macula Densa cells are modified Distal Convoluted Tubule cells adjacent to the afferent arteriole at the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle

61
Q

Identify

62
Q

Identify

63
Q

Identify

64
Q

Identify

65
Q

Most filtrate reabsorption occurs in the?

A

Proximal convoluted tubules

66
Q

Identify and answer

67
Q

What is the last site of renal water reabsorption from the filtrate?

A

The last site of water reabsorption from the filtrate is the collecting ducts

68
Q

Identify

69
Q

What are these?

70
Q

Question 1

71
Q

Question 2

72
Q

Question 3

73
Q

Question 4

CVPR (93 decks)

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