Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CVPR > CVPR Week 6: Sleep Disordered Breathing > Flashcards

CVPR Week 6: Sleep Disordered Breathing Flashcards

1
Q

Objectives

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physiologic changes during sleep

A
  • Heart rate drops
  • Breathing rate slows
  • Blood pressure decreases
  • Urine output decreases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Polysomnogram of various apnea

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Two types of breathing events during sleep

A
  • Apnea
  • Hypopnea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Apnea description

A

Cessation of airflow >= 10 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypopnea description

A

Decreased airflow >= 30% from baseline lasting >= 10 seconds associated with >= 4% oxyhemoglobin desaturation Or an arousal from sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea description and criteria

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sleep apnea cycle

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Physiologic stressors of sleep apnea

4 listed

A
  • Cyclic hypoxemia
  • Strenuous respiration
  • Sympathetic activation
  • Reduced total sleep time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Central sleep apnea description and criteria

A
  • A lack of effort to breathe
  • Respiratory drive under metabolic control in NREM sleep
  • Mu receptors sense CO2 in brainstem
  • Breath is triggered by CO2 hitting threshold (individual)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Central sleep apnea dysregulation is due to?

4 listed

A
  • Brain lesion
  • Genetic
  • Medication
  • Poor cardiac function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Brain lesions that can lead to central sleep apnea

A
  • Stroke
  • anatomical
  • vascular
  • tumor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Genetic conditions that can lead to central sleep apnea

A

Odine’s Curse (“forget” to breathe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Medication that can that can lead to central sleep apnea

A

narcotics block Mu receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cardiac functioning that can lead to central sleep apnea

A
  • CHF
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Signal to brain is “old news”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Central sleep apnea is driven by?

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Quick screening tool for Obstructive Sleep Apnea

A

STOPBANG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

OSA AKA

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

19
Q

Physical findings predisposing to OSA

11 listed

A
  • BMI > 35
  • Neck Circumference > 17
  • chronic nasal congestion
  • Nasal speech
  • Obligate mouth breathing
  • mandibular retrognathia
  • Mid face hypoplasia
  • Micrognathia
  • Crowded dentition
  • Overbite
  • Crowded oropharynx
20
Q

Crowded oropharynx

6 listed

A
21
Q

Related to OSA

A
22
Q

Case

A
23
Q

Cardiovascular consequences of sleep apnea

A

Hypertension

loss of nocturnal dipping

24
Q

Nocturnal dipping and CVD risk

A
  • Normally blood pressure drops 10-20% when sleeping
  • 5 mmHg loss of reduction increases CVD risk by 17%
  • 10 mmHg loss of reduction increases CVD risk by 35%
25
Q

Loss of nocturnal dipping

A
26
Q

Cardiometabolic risks of sleep apnea

A
  • OSA increases risk of hypertension 3-4 fold
  • OSA prevents nocturnal dipping
  • Blood pressure usually drops 10-20% during sleep
  • OSA causes insulin resistance due to stress response
  • Also true in non-diabetics
  • OSA increases impulsive eating of foods rich in fats and carbohydrates
  • Sugar us the only energy source that the brain uses
  • Sleep deprivation increases impulsivity
27
Q

Major red flag for OSA

A

Waking unrefreshed after sufficient sleep and taking day time naps is a major red flag for OSA

28
Q

Snoring can also increase

A

relationship strain by bothering the partner more than the patient

29
Q

Erectile dysfunction can be a symptom of?

A

Sleep apnea

30
Q

Case key points

A
31
Q

Nocutria in OSA

6 listed

A
32
Q

Sympathetic surges in OSA

A
33
Q

Case Mr HEart

A
34
Q

Case Ms. Nellie

A
35
Q

Prevalence of sleep apnea

A
36
Q

Sleep stage dependent apnea

A
37
Q

Measures of sleep apnea frequency

A
38
Q

Treatment for OSA

A
39
Q

Standard of treatment for OSA

A
40
Q

Before and after PAP

A
41
Q

Oral appliances for Sleep apnea

A
42
Q

Surgical alternatives for OSA

A
43
Q

Behavioral interventions for OSA

A

CVPR (93 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions