Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CVPR > CVPR First Aid: renal malignancies > Flashcards

CVPR First Aid: renal malignancies Flashcards

1
Q

What is hydronephrosis

A

Distention/dilation of renal pelvis and calyces

Dilation occurs proximal to the site of pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Causes of hydronephrosis

A

Usually caused by urinary tract obstruction (eg, renal stones, severe BPH, congenital obstructions, cervical cancer, injury to uterer)

Other causes include;

retroperitoneal fibrosis

Vesicoureteral reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Signs of hydronephrosis

A

Creatinine becomes elevated if obstruction is bilateral or if patient has an obstructed solitary kidney

Leads to compression and possible atrophy of renal cortex and medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common renal malignancy?

A

Renal cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Renal cell carcinoma most commonly occurs in?

A

Men 50-70

↑incidence with smoking and obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Renal cell carcinoma is associated with?

A

Paraneoplastic syndromes (“PEAR”-aneoplastic) eg, PTHrP, Ectopic EPO, ACTH, Renin

Gene deletion on chromosome 3 (sporadic or inherited as Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome)

RCC = 3 letters = Chromosome 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Renal cell carcinoma originates in?

A

Originates from PCT → invades renal vein (may develop variocele if left sided) →IVC → hematogenous spread → metastasis to lung and bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Presentation of Renal cell carcinoma

A

Hematuria

Palpable masses

2° polycythemia

Flank pain

Fever

Weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment of Renal cell carcinoma

A

Surgery/ablation for localized disease

Immunotherapy (eg, aldesleukin) or targeted therapy for metastatic disease

Rarely curative

Resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the cells in Renal cell carcinoma

A

Polygonal clear cells

Filled with accumulated lipids and carbohydrate

Often golden-yellow die to high lipid content

Pg 583

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is renal oncocytoma

A

Benign epithelial cell tumor arising from collecting ducts pg 583 pic (well-circumscribed mass with a central scar

Large eosinophilic cells with abundant mitochondria without perinuclear clearing (vs chromophobe renal cell carcinoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Presentation of renal oncocytoma

A

Painless hematuria

Flank pain

Abdominal mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment of renal oncocytoma

A

Often resected to exclude malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pictures of renal oncocytoma

A

583

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most common renal malignancy of early childhood (2-4)

A

Wilms tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Wilms tumor AKA

A

Nephroblastoma

17
Q

Describe the histological features of nephroblastoma

A

Contains embryonic glomerular structures

18
Q

Causes of nephroblastoma

A

Loss of function mutations of tumor suppressor genes WT1 or WT2 on chromosome 11

19
Q

Nephroblastoma AKA

A

Wilms tumor

20
Q

Nephroblastoma associations

A

May be a part of several syndromes

WAGR complex

Denys-Drash syndrome

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

21
Q

What is WAGR?

A

Wilms tumor

Aniridia

Genitourinary malformations

Mental Retardation/intellectual disability (WT1 deletion)

22
Q

What is Denys-Drash syndrome?

A

Wilms tumor, Diffuse mesangial sclerosis (Early-onset nephrotic syndrome) Dysgenesis of gonads (male pseudohermaphroditism), WT1 mutation

23
Q

What is Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome

A

Wilms tumor

Macroglossia

Organomegaly

Hemihyperplasia (WT2 mutation)

24
Q

What is the most common tumor of the urinary tract system?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

25
Q

Transitional cell carcinoma AKA

A

Also known as urothelial carcinoma

26
Q

Transitional cell carcinoma can occur in these locations

A

Urinary tract system

Renal calyces

Renal pelvis

Ureters

Bladder

27
Q

Transitional cell carcinoma is associated with?

A

Problems in your Pee SAC

Phenacetin

Smoking

Aniline dyes

Cyclophosphamide

28
Q

Transitional cell carcinoma picture

A

584

29
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder

A

Chronic irritation of urinary bladder → squamous metaplasia → dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma

30
Q

Risk factors of Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder

A

Schistosoma haematobium infection (Middle East), chronic cystitis, smoking, chronic nephrolithiasis

31
Q

Presentation of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder

A

Presents with painless hematuria

32
Q

Types of urinary incontinence

A

Stress incontinence

Urgency incontinence

Mixed incontinence

Overflow incontinence

CVPR (93 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions