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CVPR Cardiovascular pharmacology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Nitrates effect on contractility

A

No effect

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2
Q

β-blockers effect on contractility

A

↓

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3
Q

Nitrates + β-blockers effect on contractility

A

Little/no effect

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4
Q

Nitrates effect on HR

A

↑

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5
Q

β-blockers effect on HR

A

↓

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6
Q

Nitrates + β-blockers effect on HR

A

No effect or ↓

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7
Q

Nitrates effect on ejection time

A

↓

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8
Q

β-blockers effect on ejection time

A

↑

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9
Q

Nitrates + β-blockers effect on ejection time

A

Little/no effect

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10
Q

Nitrates effect on MVO2

A

↓

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11
Q

β-blockers effect on MVO2

A

↓

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12
Q

Nitrates + β-blockers effect on MVO2

A

↓↓

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13
Q

What is MVO2?

A

Myocardial O2 consumption

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14
Q

Verapamil for antianginal therapy

A

Similar to β-blockers in effect

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15
Q

Partial β-agonists for antianginal therapy

A

Pindolol and acebutolol are partial β-agonists that should be used with caution in angina

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16
Q

Ranolazine MOA

A

Inhibits the late phase of sodium current thereby reducing diastolic wall tension and O2 consumption Does not affect HR or contractility

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17
Q

Clinical uses of ranolazine

A

Angina refractory to other medical therapies

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18
Q

Adverse effects of ranolazine

A
  • Constipation
  • Dizziness
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • QT prolongation
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19
Q

Milrinone MOA

A

Selective PDE-3 inhibitor In cardiomyocytes: ↑cAMP accumulation → ↑Ca influx → ↑ ionotropy and chronotropy In vascular smooth muscle: ↑cAMP accumulation → inhibition of MLCK activity → general vasodilation

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20
Q

Clinical uses of Milrinone

A

Short-term use in acute decompensated HF

21
Q

Adverse effects of Milrinone

A

Arrhythmias Hypotension

22
Q

List of lipid-lowering agents

6 listed

A
  • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
  • Bile acid resins
  • Ezetimibe
  • Fibrates
  • Niacin
  • PCSK9 inhibitors
23
Q

Examples of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A

Lovastatin Pravastatin

24
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors effect on LDL

25
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors effect on HDL

26
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors MOA

A

Inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate (a cholesterol precursor) ↓ mortality in CAD patients

27
Q

Adverse effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A
  • Hepatotoxicity (↑ LFTs)
  • Myopathy (esp. when used with fibrates or niacin)
28
Q

Bile Acid resins effect on LDL

29
Q

Bile Acid resins effect on HDL

A

Slightly ↑

30
Q

Bile Acid resins effect on triglycerides

A

Slightly ↑

31
Q

Bile Acid resins MOA

A

Prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids Liver must make muse cholesterol to make more

32
Q

Adverse effects of Bile Acid resins

A
  • GI upset
  • ↓ absorption of other drugs and fat-soluble vitamins
33
Q

Examples of bile acid resins

A
  • Cholestyramine
  • Colestipol
  • Colesevelam
34
Q

Ezetimibe effect on LDL

35
Q

Ezetimibe effect on HDL

36
Q

Ezetimibe effect on triglycerides

37
Q

Ezetimibe MOA

A

Prevent cholesterol reabsorption at small intestine brush border

38
Q

Adverse effects of Ezetimibe

A

Rare ↑ LFTs Diarrhea

39
Q

Examples of fibrates

A
  • Gemfibrozil
  • Bezafibrate
  • Fenofibrate
40
Q

Fibrates effect on LDL

41
Q

Fibrates effect on HDL

42
Q

Fibrates effect on triglycerides

43
Q

Fibrates MOA

A
  • Upregulate LPL → ↑ TG clearance
  • Activates PPAR-α to induce HDL synthesis
44
Q

Adverse effects of fibrates

A

Myopathy (↑ risk with statins)

Cholesterol gallstones (via inhibition of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase

45
Q

Niacin AKA

A

Vitamin B3

46
Q

Niacin effect on LDL

47
Q

Niacin effect on HDL

48
Q

Niacin effect on triglycerides

49
Q

Niacin MOA

A
  • Inhibits lipolysis (hormone-sensitive lipase) in adipose tissue
  • Reduces hepatic VLDL synthesis

CVPR (93 decks)

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