CVPR Week 5: Mechanics of breathing Flashcards
Objectives
5 listed
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/677/157/q_image_thumb.png?1554829158)
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome genetics
PHOX2B gene
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome clinical features
if you fall asleep you stop breathing
Identify symbols
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/677/299/q_image_thumb.png?1554829408)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/677/299/a_image_thumb.png?1554829419)
Identify
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/678/617/q_image_thumb.png?1554829687)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/678/617/a_image_thumb.png?1554829694)
Identify
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/678/647/q_image_thumb.png?1554829711)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/678/647/a_image_thumb.png?1554829716)
Identify
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/678/667/q_image_thumb.png?1554829743)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/678/667/a_image_thumb.png?1554829752)
The lungs have how many attachments to the body?
1 . . . the Hilum
the lungs are otherwise free-floating in the pleural space
What is in between the chest wall and the lungs?
pleural membranes Parietal pleura of the chest wall and the visceral pleura of the lung
and
intrapleural fluid
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/679/396/a_image_thumb.jpg?1554830068)
Intrapleural fluid function
helps hold the parietal and visceral pleural membrane together providing surface tension and also lubricates them to ease sliding
Intrapleural fluid location
in between the visceral pleura of the lung and the parietal pleura of the chest wall
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/679/758/a_image_thumb.jpg?1554830291)
Gases move in and out of the lung by?
Bulk flow
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/679/859/a_image_thumb.jpg?1554830550)
How are CO2 and O2 exchanged in the lungs?
Diffusion
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/680/148/a_image_thumb.jpg?1554830591)
Gasses dissolved in the blood are transported via?
Bulk flow
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/680/188/a_image_thumb.jpg?1554830625)
How are CO2 and O2 exchanged in the tissues?
Diffusion
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/680/208/a_image_thumb.jpg?1554830665)
~ Surface area of the lung available for diffusion
about one half of a tennis court
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/680/226/a_image_thumb.jpg?1554830721)
Identify
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/680/317/q_image_thumb.png?1554830877)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/680/317/a_image_thumb.png?1554830883)
Factors that influence the speed of diffusion
6 listed
- surface area
- distance traveled (thickness of membranes)
- partial pressures
- temperature
- solvent density
- mass of the solute
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/680/663/a_image_thumb.jpg?1554831041)
Identify
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/680/857/q_image_thumb.png?1554831155)
A = Alveoli
RB = Respiratory bronchioles
TB = Terminal bronchioles
AD = Alveolar ducts
Macrophage is here also
Type II pneumocytes make surfactant
C = capillary
PA = Pulmonary artery
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/680/857/a_image_thumb.png?1554831161)
Pulmonary function testing can measure?
Lung volumes and capacities
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/681/455/a_image_thumb.jpg?1554831359)
What is spirometry?
a pulmonary function test that measure volumes and capacities
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/808/429/a_image_thumb.jpg?1554919893)
What cannot be measured with simple spirometry?
3 listed
- TLC
- FRC
- RV
TLC AKA
Total lung capactity
FRC AKA
Functional residual capacity
RV AKA
Residual volume
What is tidal volume
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/809/460/q_image_thumb.png?1554920601)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/809/460/a_image_thumb.png?1554920341)
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/809/722/q_image_thumb.png?1554920366)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/809/722/a_image_thumb.png?1554920371)
What is the expiratory reserve volume?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/809/836/q_image_thumb.png?1554920404)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/809/836/a_image_thumb.png?1554920414)
What is the residual volume?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/809/887/q_image_thumb.png?1554920436)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/809/887/a_image_thumb.png?1554920441)
What is the vital capacity?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/809/909/q_image_thumb.png?1554920463)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/809/909/a_image_thumb.png?1554920470)
What is the inspiratory capacity?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/809/942/q_image_thumb.png?1554920496)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/809/942/a_image_thumb.png?1554920502)
What is the functional residual capacity?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/810/080/q_image_thumb.png?1554920528)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/810/080/a_image_thumb.png?1554920534)
What is the total lung capacity?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/810/295/q_image_thumb.png?1554920582)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/810/295/a_image_thumb.png?1554920588)
Question 1
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/810/460/q_image_thumb.jpg?1554920635)
C)
Contraction of the diaphragm decreases Pip with increases the transmural pressure gradient, expanding the alveoli, the larger alveoli now has a subatmospheric pressure creating a gradient for air flow
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/810/460/a_image_thumb.jpg?1554920642)
What is the mechanism of normal quiet breathing?
Inspiration is from the contraction of the diaphragm creating a sub-atmospheric pressure change driving air in
Expiration is caused by the relaxation of the diaphragm pushing the air out
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/810/702/a_image_thumb.jpg?1554920792)
What is the transmural pressure gradient?
P alv - Ppl = transmural pressure
It is the pressure gradient and determines the volume of the lung (distending pressure of the alveoli)
Palv = alveolar pressure
Ppl = interpleural pressure
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/810/961/a_image_thumb.jpg?1554921148)
What is the pressure gradient driving air flow?
Palv - Pbs(ao) = the pressure gradient driving air flow
Palv = alveolar pressure
Pbs(ao) = body surface or atmospheric
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/811/082/a_image_thumb.jpg?1554921163)
PV = nRT therefore?
Pα = 1/V
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/811/426/a_image_thumb.jpg?1554921255)
What pressure gradient determines the volume of the alveoli?
Transmural pressure
Palv - Pbs(ao) = the pressure gradient driving air flow
Palv = alveolar pressure
Pbs(ao) = body surface or atmospheric
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/811/708/a_image_thumb.jpg?1554921436)
The chest wall is always pulling in which direction?
out away from the lungs
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/273/811/854/a_image_thumb.jpg?1554921727)